diff --git a/src/utils/resolver-pipeline/testing/5_finished/finish.xspec b/src/utils/resolver-pipeline/testing/5_finished/finish.xspec
index 9fdca33ca1..b21bb9f820 100644
--- a/src/utils/resolver-pipeline/testing/5_finished/finish.xspec
+++ b/src/utils/resolver-pipeline/testing/5_finished/finish.xspec
@@ -21,6 +21,170 @@
         </x:scenario>
     </x:scenario>
 
+    <x:scenario label="Tests for mode=all-or-last-only template">
+        <x:scenario label="Element that can occur with any multiplicity">
+            <x:context mode="all-or-last-only" select="(//o:link)[2]">
+                <parent>
+                    <link href="target1"/>
+                    <link href="target2"/>
+                    <link href="target3"/>
+                </parent>
+            </x:context>
+            <x:expect label="Copy of element, regardless of multiplicity or position">
+                <link href="target2"/>
+            </x:expect>
+        </x:scenario>
+        <x:scenario label="Non-OSCAL element">
+            <x:context mode="all-or-last-only" select="(//opr:title)[2]">
+                <parent>
+                    <opr:title>A</opr:title>
+                    <opr:title>B</opr:title>
+                    <opr:title>C</opr:title>
+                </parent>
+            </x:context>
+            <x:expect label="Copy of element, regardless of multiplicity or position">
+                <opr:title>B</opr:title>
+            </x:expect>
+        </x:scenario>
+        <x:scenario label="Element that can occur at most once, ">
+            <x:variable name="ov:context-parent">
+                <parent>
+                    <title>Original</title>
+                    <title>Intermediate replacement</title>
+                    <title>Another intermediate replacement</title>
+                    <title>Last replacement</title>
+                </parent>
+            </x:variable>
+            <x:scenario label="first of four instances">
+                <x:context mode="all-or-last-only" select="($ov:context-parent//o:title)[1]"/>
+                <x:expect label="Nothing; the warning will come from the next to last instance, and the copy will come from the last instance"
+                select="()"/>
+            </x:scenario>
+            <x:scenario label="second of four instances">
+                <x:context mode="all-or-last-only" select="($ov:context-parent//o:title)[2]"/>
+                <x:expect label="Nothing; the warning will come from the next to last instance, and the copy will come from the last instance"
+                    select="()"/>
+            </x:scenario>
+            <x:scenario label="next to last instance">
+                <x:context mode="all-or-last-only" select="($ov:context-parent//o:title)[last()-1]"/>
+                <x:expect label="PI for warning about extra title"
+                    test="$x:result/self::processing-instruction('message-handler')">
+                    <?message-handler Warning: Found 4 elements of type <title>. Only the last will be present in result.?>
+                </x:expect>
+                <x:expect label="No elements" test="empty($x:result/self::element())"/>
+            </x:scenario>
+            <x:scenario label="last instance">
+                <x:context mode="all-or-last-only" select="($ov:context-parent//o:title)[last()]"/>
+                <x:expect label="Copy of element">
+                    <title>Last replacement</title>
+                </x:expect>
+                <x:expect label="No PI for warning or error" test="empty($x:result/self::processing-instruction())"/>
+            </x:scenario>
+        </x:scenario>
+    </x:scenario>
+
+    <x:scenario label="Tests for name=process-expected-child-elements template">
+        <x:scenario label="Child elements out of sequence, extraneous elements, and extra title">
+            <x:context>
+                <parent>
+                    <param id="param-A.a">
+                        <label>A.a parameter</label>
+                        <value>A.a value</value>
+                    </param>
+                    <published/>
+                    <prop name="label" value="1st"/>
+                    <title>Original</title>
+                    <prop name="label" value="2nd"/>
+                    <title>Replacement</title>
+                    <param id="param-B.b">
+                        <label>B.b parameter</label>
+                        <value>B.b value</value>
+                    </param>
+                    <opr:title>Non-OSCAL Title</opr:title>
+                </parent>
+            </x:context>
+            <x:call template="process-expected-child-elements">
+                <x:param name="expected-child-element-names"
+                    select="('title','param','prop')"/>
+            </x:call>
+            <x:expect label="One title, all params, all props, and no other elements" test="element()">
+                <title>Replacement</title>
+                <param id="param-A.a">
+                    <label>A.a parameter</label>
+                    <value>A.a value</value>
+                </param>
+                <param id="param-B.b">
+                    <label>B.b parameter</label>
+                    <value>B.b value</value>
+                </param>
+                <prop name="label" value="1st"/>
+                <prop name="label" value="2nd"/>
+            </x:expect>
+            <x:expect label="PI for warning about extra OSCAL-namespace title" test="/processing-instruction('message-handler')">
+                <?message-handler Warning: Found 2 elements of type <title>. Only the last will be present in result.?>
+            </x:expect>
+            <!-- Note: An extraneous <published/> element causes the report-unexpected-child-elements
+                template, not the template being called in this scenario, to output an error PI. -->
+        </x:scenario>
+    </x:scenario>
+
+    <x:scenario label="Tests for name=report-unexpected-child-elements template">
+        <x:scenario label="Unexpected elements among expected and opr:* child elements">
+            <x:context>
+                <parent>
+                    <param id="param-A.a">
+                        <label>A.a parameter</label>
+                        <value>A.a value</value>
+                    </param>
+                    <published/>
+                    <prop name="label" value="1st"/>
+                    <title>OSCAL Title</title>
+                    <opr:title>Non-OSCAL Title</opr:title>
+                    <unknown-element>Text</unknown-element>
+                </parent>
+            </x:context>
+            <x:call template="report-unexpected-child-elements">
+                <x:param name="expected-child-element-names"
+                    select="('title','param','prop')"/>
+            </x:call>
+            <x:expect label="Processing instructions about 'published' and 'unknown-element' elements"
+                test="/processing-instruction('message-handler')">
+                <?message-handler Error: Element of type <published> is not valid inside <parent> and will not be present in result.?>
+                <?message-handler Error: Element of type <unknown-element> is not valid inside <parent> and will not be present in result.?>
+            </x:expect>
+        </x:scenario>
+        <x:scenario label="No unexpected child elements">
+            <x:context>
+                <parent>
+                    <param id="param-A.a">
+                        <label>A.a parameter</label>
+                        <value>A.a value</value>
+                    </param>
+                    <prop name="label" value="1st"/>
+                    <title>OSCAL Title</title>
+                    <opr:title>Non-OSCAL Title</opr:title>
+                </parent>
+            </x:context>
+            <x:call template="report-unexpected-child-elements">
+                <x:param name="expected-child-element-names"
+                    select="('title','param','prop')"/>
+            </x:call>
+            <x:expect label="Nothing" select="()"/>
+        </x:scenario>
+        <x:scenario label="No child elements">
+            <x:context>
+                <parent>
+                    <!-- no child elements -->
+                </parent>
+            </x:context>
+            <x:call template="report-unexpected-child-elements">
+                <x:param name="expected-child-element-names"
+                    select="('title','param','prop')"/>
+            </x:call>
+            <x:expect label="Nothing" select="()"/>
+        </x:scenario>
+    </x:scenario>
+
     <x:scenario label="Tests for match=catalog template">
         <x:scenario label="Base">
             <x:context>