diff --git a/lib/galaxy/webapps/galaxy/services/workflows.py b/lib/galaxy/webapps/galaxy/services/workflows.py
index 52e35d96c8fe..15f99996fb49 100644
--- a/lib/galaxy/webapps/galaxy/services/workflows.py
+++ b/lib/galaxy/webapps/galaxy/services/workflows.py
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ def invoke_workflow(
         workflow_id,
         payload: InvokeWorkflowPayload,
     ) -> Union[WorkflowInvocationResponse, List[WorkflowInvocationResponse]]:
+        if trans.anonymous:
+            raise exceptions.AuthenticationRequired("You need to be logged in to run workflows.")
+        trans.check_user_activation()
         # Get workflow + accessibility check.
         by_stored_id = not payload.instance
         stored_workflow = self._workflows_manager.get_stored_accessible_workflow(trans, workflow_id, by_stored_id)
diff --git a/lib/galaxy_test/api/test_workflows.py b/lib/galaxy_test/api/test_workflows.py
index 36549c820015..852f9bc806a2 100644
--- a/lib/galaxy_test/api/test_workflows.py
+++ b/lib/galaxy_test/api/test_workflows.py
@@ -5444,6 +5444,14 @@ def test_cannot_run_against_other_users_history(self):
         run_workflow_response = self._post(f"workflows/{workflow_id}/invocations", data=workflow_request, json=True)
         self._assert_status_code_is(run_workflow_response, 403)
 
+    def test_cannot_run_workflow_as_anon(self):
+        workflow = self.workflow_populator.load_workflow(name="test_for_run_anon_user")
+        workflow_request, _, workflow_id = self._setup_workflow_run(workflow)
+        with self._different_user(anon=True):
+            run_workflow_response = self._post(f"workflows/{workflow_id}/invocations", data=workflow_request, json=True)
+            self._assert_status_code_is(run_workflow_response, 403)
+            self._assert_error_code_is(run_workflow_response, error_codes.error_codes_by_name["USER_NO_API_KEY"])
+
     def test_cannot_run_bootstrap_admin_workflow(self):
         workflow = self.workflow_populator.load_workflow(name="test_bootstrap_admin_cannot_run")
         workflow_request, *_ = self._setup_workflow_run(workflow)