unit_test_framework.h

#ifndef UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_H
#define UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_H

#include <map>
#include <utility>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <type_traits>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <exception>
#include <stdexcept>

// For compatibility with Visual Studio
#include <ciso646>

// Place the following line of code in your test file to generate a
// main() function:
// TEST_MAIN()

using Test_func_t = void (*)();


#define TEST(name)                                                            \
    static void name();                                                       \
    static TestRegisterer register_##name((#name), name);                     \
    static void name()

#define TEST_MAIN()                                                           \
    int main(int argc, char** argv) {                                         \
        return TestSuite::get().run_tests(argc, argv);                        \
    }                                                                         \
    TEST_SUITE_INSTANCE();


struct TestCase {
    TestCase(const std::string& name_, Test_func_t test_func_)
        : name(name_), test_func(test_func_) {}

    void run(bool quiet_mode);
    void print(bool quiet_mode);

    std::string name;
    Test_func_t test_func;
    std::string failure_msg{};
    std::string exception_msg{};
};


class TestSuite {
public:
    static TestSuite& get() {
        if (not instance) {
            instance = new TestSuite;
        }
        return *instance;
    }

    void add_test(const std::string& test_name, Test_func_t test) {
        tests_.insert({test_name, TestCase{test_name, test}});
    }

    int run_tests(int argc, char** argv);
    void print_results();

    void enable_quiet_mode() {
        quiet_mode = true;
    }

    std::ostream& print_test_names(std::ostream& os) {
        for (const auto& test_pair : tests_) {
            os << test_pair.first << '\n';
        }
        return os;
    }

    friend class TestSuiteDestroyer;

private:
    TestSuite() {
        auto func = []() {
            if (TestSuite::incomplete) {
                std::cout << "ERROR: premature call to exit()" << std::endl;
                std::abort();
            }
        };
        std::atexit(func);
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_AT_QUICK_EXIT
        std::at_quick_exit(func);
#endif
    }
    TestSuite(const TestSuite&) = delete;
    bool operator=(const TestSuite&) = delete;
    ~TestSuite() {}

    std::vector<std::string> get_test_names_to_run(int argc, char** argv);

    static TestSuite* instance;
    std::map<std::string, TestCase> tests_;

    bool quiet_mode = false;
    static bool incomplete;
};

class TestSuiteDestroyer {
public:
    ~TestSuiteDestroyer() {
        delete TestSuite::instance;
    }
};

class TestRegisterer {
public:
    TestRegisterer(const std::string& test_name, Test_func_t test) {
        TestSuite::get().add_test(test_name, test);
    }
};

class TestFailure {
public:
    TestFailure(std::string reason, int line_number, const char* assertion_text)
        : reason_m(std::move(reason)), line_number_m(line_number),
          assertion_text_m(assertion_text) {}

    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const {
        os << "In " << assertion_text_m << ", line " << line_number_m << ":\n"
           << reason_m << '\n';
        return os;
    }

    std::string to_string() const {
        std::ostringstream oss;
        print(oss);
        return oss.str();
    }

private:
    std::string reason_m;
    int line_number_m;
    const char* assertion_text_m;
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestFailure& test_failure);

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// demangle, print_helper, and print contributed by Amir Kamil <akamil@umich.edu>

// Demangles a string produced by std::type_info::name.
std::string demangle(const char* typeinfo_name);

// forward declaration of print
template <class T>
std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os, const T& t);

// This version of print_helper will be called when T has an available
// stream insertion operator overload.
template <class T>
auto print_helper(std::ostream& os, const T& t, int, int)
    -> decltype(os << t)& {
    return os << t;
}

// This version of print_helper will be called when T is a pair.
template <class First, class Second>
auto print_helper(std::ostream& os, const std::pair<First, Second>& t, int,
                  int) -> decltype(print(os, t.first), print(os, t.second))& {
    os << '(';
    print(os, t.first);
    os << ',';
    print(os, t.second);
    return os << ')';
}

// Helper function to print a sequence.
template <class Sequence>
auto print_sequence_helper(std::ostream &os, const Sequence& seq)
    -> decltype(print(os, (*std::begin(seq), *std::end(seq))))& {
    if (std::begin(seq) == std::end(seq)) {
        return os << "{}";
    }

    auto it = std::begin(seq);
    os << "{ ";
    print(os, *it);
    for (++it; it != std::end(seq); ++it) {
        os << ", ";
        print(os, *it);
    }
    return os << " }";
}

// This version of print_helper will be called when T is a sequence.
template <class Sequence>
auto print_helper(std::ostream& os, const Sequence& seq, int, ...)
    -> decltype(print(os, *seq.begin()), print(os, *seq.end()))& {
   return print_sequence_helper(os, seq);
}

// This version of print_helper will be called when T is a non-char array.
// This is separate from the sequence overload so that printing an
// array as a sequence is preferred over printing it as a pointer
// (using the first overload).
template <class Elem, std::size_t N>
std::ostream& print_helper(std::ostream& os, const Elem (&arr)[N], int, int) {
    return print_sequence_helper(os, arr);
}

// This version of print_helper will be called when T is a char array.
// If the array contains a null terminator, it is printed as a string.
// Otherwise, it is printed as a sequence.
template <std::size_t N>
std::ostream& print_helper(std::ostream& os, const char (&arr)[N], int, int) {
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        if (!arr[i]) {
            return os << arr;
        }
    }
    return print_sequence_helper(os, arr);
}

// This version of print_helper will be called when T does not have an
// available stream insertion operator overload.
template <class T>
std::ostream& print_helper(std::ostream& os, const T&, ...) {
    return os << "<" << demangle(typeid(T).name()) << " object>";
}

// Attempts to print the given object to the given stream.
// If T has an available stream insertion operator overload, that
// operator is used. Otherwise, a generic representation of the object
// is printed to os.
template <class T>
std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os, const T& t) {
    // The extra parameters are needed so that the first overload of
    // print_helper is preferred, followed by the third one.
    return print_helper(os, t, 0, 0);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#define ASSERT_EQUAL(first, second)                                           \
    assert_equal((first), (second), __LINE__,                                 \
                 "ASSERT_EQUAL(" #first ", " #second ")");

#define ASSERT_NOT_EQUAL(first, second)                                       \
    assert_not_equal((first), (second), __LINE__,                             \
                     "ASSERT_NOT_EQUAL(" #first ", " #second ")");

#define ASSERT_SEQUENCE_EQUAL(first, second)                                  \
    assert_sequence_equal((first), (second), __LINE__,                        \
                          "ASSERT_SEQUENCE_EQUAL(" #first ", " #second ")");

#define ASSERT_TRUE(value)                                                    \
    assert_true((value), __LINE__, "ASSERT_TRUE(" #value ")");

#define ASSERT_FALSE(value)                                                   \
    assert_false((value), __LINE__, "ASSERT_FALSE(" #value ")");

#define ASSERT_ALMOST_EQUAL(first, second, precision)                         \
    assert_almost_equal((first), (second), (precision), __LINE__,             \
                        "ASSERT_ALMOST_EQUAL(" #first ", " #second ", "       \
                        #precision ")");

// Template logic to produce a static assertion failure when comparing
// incomparable types.
template <typename First, typename Second, typename = void>
struct is_equality_comparable : std::false_type {};

template <typename First, typename Second>
using enable_if_equality_comparable = typename std::enable_if<
    std::is_same<bool, decltype(std::declval<First>() ==
                                std::declval<Second>())>::value and
        std::is_same<bool, decltype(std::declval<First>() !=
                                    std::declval<Second>())>::value and
        (!std::is_array<typename std::remove_reference<First>::type>::value or
         !std::is_array<typename std::remove_reference<Second>::type>::value),
    void>::type;

template <typename First, typename Second>
struct is_equality_comparable<First, Second,
                              enable_if_equality_comparable<First, Second>>
    : std::true_type {};

// Overloads for equality comparisons.
template <typename First, typename Second>
bool safe_equals_helper(const First& first, const Second& second) {
  return first == second;
}

template <typename First, typename Second>
bool safe_not_equals_helper(const First& first, const Second& second) {
  return first != second;
}

// Allow size_t to correctly be compared to int.
bool safe_equals_helper(std::size_t first, int second) {
  return second >= 0 && static_cast<long long>(first) == second;
}

bool safe_equals_helper(int first, std::size_t second) {
  return first >= 0 && first == static_cast<long long>(second);
}

bool safe_not_equals_helper(std::size_t first, int second) {
  return second < 0 || static_cast<long long>(first) != second;
}

bool safe_not_equals_helper(int first, std::size_t second) {
  return first < 0 || first != static_cast<long long>(second);
}

template <typename First, typename Second, typename = void>
struct safe_equals {
    static_assert(is_equality_comparable<First, Second>::value,
                  "types cannot be compared with == and !=");
    static bool equals(const First& first, const Second& second) {
        return safe_equals_helper(first, second);
    }
    static bool not_equals(const First& first, const Second& second) {
        return safe_not_equals_helper(first, second);
    }
};

template <typename First, typename Second>
void assert_equal(First&& first, Second&& second, int line_number,
                  const char* assertion_text) {
    if (safe_equals<First, Second>::equals(first, second)) {
        return;
    }
    std::ostringstream reason;
    print(reason, first);
    reason << " != ";
    print(reason, second);
    throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
}

template <typename First, typename Second>
void assert_not_equal(First&& first, Second&& second, int line_number,
                      const char* assertion_text) {
    if (safe_equals<First, Second>::not_equals(first, second)) {
        return;
    }
    std::ostringstream reason;

    reason << "Values unexpectedly equal: ";
    print(reason, first);
    reason << " == ";
    print(reason, second);
    throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
}

template <typename First, typename Second>
void assert_sequence_equal(First&& first, Second&& second, int line_number,
                           const char* assertion_text) {
    using std::begin;
    using std::end;
    auto it1 = begin(first);
    auto it2 = begin(second);
    auto end1 = end(first);
    auto end2 = end(second);
    auto len1 = std::distance(it1, end1);
    auto len2 = std::distance(it2, end2);
    if (len1 != len2) {  // different number of elements
        std::ostringstream reason;
        print(reason, first);
        reason << " != ";
        print(reason, second);
        reason << " (sizes differ: " << len1 << " != " << len2 << ")";
        throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
    }

    bool equal = true;
    std::size_t position = 0;
    for (; it1 != end1 and it2 != end2; ++it1, ++it2, ++position) {
        if (not safe_equals<decltype(*it1), decltype(*it2)>::equals(
                *it1, *it2)) {
            equal = false;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (not equal) {
        std::ostringstream reason;
        print(reason, first);
        reason << " != ";
        print(reason, second);
        reason << " (elements at position " << position << " differ: ";
        print(reason, *it1);
        reason << " != ";
        print(reason, *it2);
        reason << ")";
        throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// THIS IS PART OF A WORKAROUND TO DEAL WITH STATIC
// INITIALIZATION SHENANIGANS.
// DO NOT CHANGE THIS UNLESS YOU REEEEALLY KNOW WHAT
// YOU'RE DOING. CONTACT akamil@umich.edu or jameslp@umich.edu IF
// YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS.
#define TEST_SUITE_INSTANCE()                                                 \
    static TestSuiteDestroyer destroyer;                                      \
    bool TestSuite::incomplete = false;                                       \
    TestSuite* TestSuite::instance = &TestSuite::get()

void TestCase::run(bool quiet_mode) {
    try {
        if (not quiet_mode) {
            std::cout << "Running test: " << name << std::endl;
        }

        test_func();

        if (not quiet_mode) {
            std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;
        }
    }
    catch (TestFailure& failure) {
        failure_msg = failure.to_string();

        if (not quiet_mode) {
            std::cout << "FAIL" << std::endl;
        }
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << "Uncaught " << demangle(typeid(e).name()) << " in test \""
            << name << "\": \n";
        oss << e.what() << '\n';
        exception_msg = oss.str();

        if (not quiet_mode) {
            std::cout << "ERROR" << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

void TestCase::print(bool quiet_mode) {
    if (quiet_mode) {
        std::cout << name << ": ";
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "** Test case \"" << name << "\": ";
    }

    if (not failure_msg.empty()) {
        std::cout << "FAIL" << std::endl;
        if (not quiet_mode) {
            std::cout << failure_msg << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (not exception_msg.empty()) {
        std::cout << "ERROR" << std::endl;
        if (not quiet_mode) {
            std::cout << exception_msg << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;
    }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class ExitSuite : public std::exception {
public:
    ExitSuite(int status_ = 0) : status(status_) {}
    int status;
};

class SetComplete {
public:
    SetComplete(bool& incomplete_) : incomplete(incomplete_) {
        incomplete = true;
    }
    ~SetComplete() {
        incomplete = false;
    }

private:
    bool& incomplete;
};

int TestSuite::run_tests(int argc, char** argv) {
    SetComplete completer(TestSuite::incomplete);
    std::vector<std::string> test_names_to_run;
    try {
        test_names_to_run = get_test_names_to_run(argc, argv);
    }
    catch (ExitSuite& e) {
        return e.status;
    }

    for (auto test_name : test_names_to_run) {
        if (tests_.find(test_name) == end(tests_)) {
            throw std::runtime_error("Test " + test_name + " not found");
        }
    }

    for (auto test_name : test_names_to_run) {
        tests_.at(test_name).run(quiet_mode);
    }

    std::cout << "\n*** Results ***" << std::endl;
    for (auto test_name : test_names_to_run) {
        tests_.at(test_name).print(quiet_mode);
    }

    auto num_failures =
        std::count_if(tests_.begin(), tests_.end(),
                      [](std::pair<std::string, TestCase> test_pair) {
                          return not test_pair.second.failure_msg.empty();
                      });
    auto num_errors =
        std::count_if(tests_.begin(), tests_.end(),
                      [](std::pair<std::string, TestCase> test_pair) {
                          return not test_pair.second.exception_msg.empty();
                      });

    if (not quiet_mode) {
        std::cout << "*** Summary ***" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Out of " << test_names_to_run.size()
                  << " tests run:" << std::endl;
        std::cout << num_failures << " failure(s), " << num_errors
                  << " error(s)" << std::endl;
    }

    if (num_failures == 0 and num_errors == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

std::vector<std::string> TestSuite::get_test_names_to_run(int argc,
                                                          char** argv) {
    std::vector<std::string> test_names_to_run;
    for (auto i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
        if (argv[i] == std::string("--show_test_names") or
            argv[i] == std::string("-n")) {

            TestSuite::get().print_test_names(std::cout);
            std::cout << std::flush;
            throw ExitSuite();
        }
        else if (argv[i] == std::string("--quiet") or
                 argv[i] == std::string("-q")) {
            TestSuite::get().enable_quiet_mode();
        }
        else if (argv[i] == std::string("--help") or
                 argv[i] == std::string("-h")) {
            std::cout << "usage: " << argv[0]
                      << " [-h] [-n] [-q] [[TEST_NAME] ...]\n";
            std::cout
                << "optional arguments:\n"
                << " -h, --help\t\t show this help message and exit\n"
                << " -n, --show_test_names\t print the names of all "
                   "discovered test cases and exit\n"
                << " -q, --quiet\t\t print a reduced summary of test results\n"
                << " TEST_NAME ...\t\t run only the test cases whose names "
                   "are "
                   "listed here. Note: If no test names are specified, all "
                   "discovered tests are run by default."
                << std::endl;

            throw ExitSuite();
        }
        else {
            test_names_to_run.push_back(argv[i]);
        }
    }

    if (test_names_to_run.empty()) {
        std::transform(
            std::begin(tests_), std::end(tests_),
            std::back_inserter(test_names_to_run),
            [](const std::pair<std::string, TestCase>& p) { return p.first; });
    }
    return test_names_to_run;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const TestFailure& test_failure) {
    return test_failure.print(os);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__GLIBCPP__)
#include <cxxabi.h>
#include <cstdlib>
std::string demangle(const char* typeinfo_name) {
    int status = 0;
    char* demangled =
        abi::__cxa_demangle(typeinfo_name, nullptr, nullptr, &status);
    if (status == 0) {
        std::string result = demangled;
        std::free(demangled);
        return result;
    }
    else {
        return typeinfo_name;
    }
}
#else
std::string demangle(const char* typeinfo_name) {
    return typeinfo_name;
}
#endif  // defined(__clang__) || defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__GLIBCPP__)

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void assert_true(bool value, int line_number, const char* assertion_text) {
    if (value) {
        return;
    }
    std::ostringstream reason;
    reason << "Expected true, but was false";
    throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
}

void assert_false(bool value, int line_number, const char* assertion_text) {
    if (not value) {
        return;
    }
    std::ostringstream reason;
    reason << "Expected false, but was true";
    throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
}

void assert_almost_equal(double first, double second, double precision,
                         int line_number, const char* assertion_text) {
    if (std::abs(first - second) <= precision) {
        return;
    }
    std::ostringstream reason;
    // For now, we'll just set the precision arbitrarily high.
    // In the future, we may decide to add an option to configure
    // the output precision.
    reason.precision(20);
    reason << "Values too far apart: " << first << " and " << second;
    throw TestFailure(reason.str(), line_number, assertion_text);
}

#endif  // UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_H