diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9e82e978f..2052d0aa4 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
+checksum = "5a824f2aa7e75a0c98c5a504fceb80649e9c35265d44525b5f94de4771a395cd"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "once_cell",
@@ -75,14 +75,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c99f64d1e06488f620f932677e24bc6e2897582980441ae90a671415bd7ec2f"
+checksum = "91429305e9f0a25f6205c5b8e0d2db09e0708a7a6df0f42212bb56c32c8ac97a"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "getrandom",
  "once_cell",
  "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -169,11 +170,20 @@ version = "1.0.75"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a4668cab20f66d8d020e1fbc0ebe47217433c1b6c8f2040faf858554e394ace6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "approx"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cab112f0a86d568ea0e627cc1d6be74a1e9cd55214684db5561995f6dad897c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
-version = "1.3.1"
+version = "1.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a2e1373abdaa212b704512ec2bd8b26bd0b7d5c3f70117411a5d9a451383c859"
+checksum = "7d5a26814d8dcb93b0e5a0ff3c6d80a8843bafb21b39e8e18a6f05471870e110"
 dependencies = [
  "derive_arbitrary",
 ]
@@ -257,9 +267,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parking",
  "polling",
- "rustix 0.37.25",
+ "rustix 0.37.27",
  "slab",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "socket2 0.4.10",
  "waker-fn",
 ]
 
@@ -280,7 +290,7 @@ checksum = "a66537f1bb974b254c98ed142ff995236e81b9d0fe4db0575f46612cb15eb0f9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -354,7 +364,7 @@ checksum = "3b829e4e32b91e643de6eafe82b1d90675f5874230191a4ffbc1b336dec4d6bf"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "axum-core",
- "base64 0.21.4",
+ "base64 0.21.5",
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "bytes",
  "futures-util",
@@ -426,9 +436,9 @@ checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.21.4"
+version = "0.21.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ba43ea6f343b788c8764558649e08df62f86c6ef251fdaeb1ffd010a9ae50a2"
+checksum = "35636a1494ede3b646cc98f74f8e62c773a38a659ebc777a2cf26b9b74171df9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64ct"
@@ -463,7 +473,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "rustc-hash",
  "shlex",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -719,9 +729,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.4.6"
+version = "4.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d04704f56c2cde07f43e8e2c154b43f216dc5c92fc98ada720177362f953b956"
+checksum = "ac495e00dcec98c83465d5ad66c5c4fabd652fd6686e7c6269b117e729a6f17b"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -729,9 +739,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.4.6"
+version = "4.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e231faeaca65ebd1ea3c737966bf858971cd38c3849107aa3ea7de90a804e45"
+checksum = "c77ed9a32a62e6ca27175d00d29d05ca32e396ea1eb5fb01d8256b669cec7663"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -741,21 +751,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.4.2"
+version = "4.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0862016ff20d69b84ef8247369fabf5c008a7417002411897d40ee1f4532b873"
+checksum = "cf9804afaaf59a91e75b022a30fb7229a7901f60c755489cc61c9b423b836442"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd7cc57abe963c6d3b9d8be5b06ba7c8957a930305ca90304f24ef040aa6f961"
+checksum = "702fc72eb24e5a1e48ce58027a675bc24edd52096d5397d4aea7c6dd9eca0bd1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cloudabi"
@@ -862,9 +872,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
-version = "0.2.9"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a17b76ff3a4162b0b27f354a0c87015ddad39d35f9c0c36607a3bdd175dde1f1"
+checksum = "ce420fe07aecd3e67c5f910618fe65e94158f6dcc0adf44e00d69ce2bdfe0fd0"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -963,9 +973,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crc-catalog"
-version = "2.2.0"
+version = "2.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9cace84e55f07e7301bae1c519df89cdad8cc3cd868413d3fdbdeca9ff3db484"
+checksum = "19d374276b40fb8bbdee95aef7c7fa6b5316ec764510eb64b8dd0e2ed0d7e7f5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam"
@@ -1075,7 +1085,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "openssl-probe",
  "openssl-sys",
  "schannel",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "socket2 0.4.10",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
@@ -1113,13 +1123,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "curve25519-dalek-derive"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "83fdaf97f4804dcebfa5862639bc9ce4121e82140bec2a987ac5140294865b5b"
+checksum = "f46882e17999c6cc590af592290432be3bce0428cb0d5f8b6715e4dc7b383eb3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1143,7 +1153,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1154,7 +1164,7 @@ checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1164,7 +1174,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "978747c1d849a7d2ee5e8adc0159961c48fb7e5db2f06af6723b80123bb53856"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "hashbrown 0.14.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.2",
  "lock_api",
  "once_cell",
  "parking_lot_core",
@@ -1255,13 +1265,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_arbitrary"
-version = "1.3.1"
+version = "1.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "53e0efad4403bfc52dc201159c4b842a246a14b98c64b55dfd0f2d89729dfeb8"
+checksum = "67e77553c4162a157adbf834ebae5b415acbecbeafc7a74b0e886657506a7611"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1305,7 +1315,7 @@ checksum = "487585f4d0c6655fe74905e2504d8ad6908e4db67f744eb140876906c2f3175d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1380,7 +1390,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1421,7 +1431,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1499,7 +1509,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tar",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
- "toml 0.8.2",
+ "toml 0.8.6",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
  "xz2",
@@ -1507,9 +1517,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fiat-crypto"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d0870c84016d4b481be5c9f323c24f65e31e901ae618f0e80f4308fb00de1d2d"
+checksum = "a481586acf778f1b1455424c343f71124b048ffa5f4fc3f8f6ae9dc432dcb3c7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "filetime"
@@ -1610,6 +1620,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with",
  "sqlx",
+ "statrs",
  "stretto",
  "tar",
  "thiserror",
@@ -1630,7 +1641,7 @@ version = "0.0.5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1652,7 +1663,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "semver",
  "serde",
- "serde-wasm-bindgen 0.6.0",
+ "serde-wasm-bindgen 0.6.1",
  "serde_bytes",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with",
@@ -1689,9 +1700,9 @@ checksum = "e6d5a32815ae3f33302d95fdcb2ce17862f8c65363dcfd29360480ba1001fc9c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "23342abe12aba583913b2e62f22225ff9c950774065e4bfb61a19cd9770fec40"
+checksum = "da0290714b38af9b4a7b094b8a37086d1b4e61f2df9122c3cad2577669145335"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1714,9 +1725,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "955518d47e09b25bbebc7a18df10b81f0c766eaf4c4f1cccef2fca5f2a4fb5f2"
+checksum = "ff4dd66668b557604244583e3e1e1eada8c5c2e96a6d0d6653ede395b78bbacb"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-sink",
@@ -1724,15 +1735,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4bca583b7e26f571124fe5b7561d49cb2868d79116cfa0eefce955557c6fee8c"
+checksum = "eb1d22c66e66d9d72e1758f0bd7d4fd0bee04cad842ee34587d68c07e45d088c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-executor"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ccecee823288125bd88b4d7f565c9e58e41858e47ab72e8ea2d64e93624386e0"
+checksum = "0f4fb8693db0cf099eadcca0efe2a5a22e4550f98ed16aba6c48700da29597bc"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-task",
@@ -1753,9 +1764,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-io"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4fff74096e71ed47f8e023204cfd0aa1289cd54ae5430a9523be060cdb849964"
+checksum = "8bf34a163b5c4c52d0478a4d757da8fb65cabef42ba90515efee0f6f9fa45aaa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-lite"
@@ -1774,13 +1785,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
+checksum = "53b153fd91e4b0147f4aced87be237c98248656bb01050b96bf3ee89220a8ddb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1795,15 +1806,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-sink"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f43be4fe21a13b9781a69afa4985b0f6ee0e1afab2c6f454a8cf30e2b2237b6e"
+checksum = "e36d3378ee38c2a36ad710c5d30c2911d752cb941c00c72dbabfb786a7970817"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76d3d132be6c0e6aa1534069c705a74a5997a356c0dc2f86a47765e5617c5b65"
+checksum = "efd193069b0ddadc69c46389b740bbccdd97203899b48d09c5f7969591d6bae2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-timer"
@@ -1813,9 +1824,9 @@ checksum = "e64b03909df88034c26dc1547e8970b91f98bdb65165d6a4e9110d94263dbb2c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.28"
+version = "0.3.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "26b01e40b772d54cf6c6d721c1d1abd0647a0106a12ecaa1c186273392a69533"
+checksum = "a19526d624e703a3179b3d322efec918b6246ea0fa51d41124525f00f1cc8104"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1919,16 +1930,16 @@ version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.7.6",
+ "ahash 0.7.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.14.1"
+version = "0.14.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7dfda62a12f55daeae5015f81b0baea145391cb4520f86c248fc615d72640d12"
+checksum = "f93e7192158dbcda357bdec5fb5788eebf8bbac027f3f33e719d29135ae84156"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.8.3",
+ "ahash 0.8.6",
  "allocator-api2",
 ]
 
@@ -1938,7 +1949,7 @@ version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e8094feaf31ff591f651a2664fb9cfd92bba7a60ce3197265e9482ebe753c8f7"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.14.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1947,7 +1958,7 @@ version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "06683b93020a07e3dbcf5f8c0f6d40080d725bea7936fc01ad345c01b97dc270"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.4",
+ "base64 0.21.5",
  "bytes",
  "headers-core",
  "http",
@@ -2081,7 +2092,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "httpdate",
  "itoa",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "socket2 0.4.10",
  "tokio",
  "tower-service",
  "tracing",
@@ -2199,12 +2210,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.0.2"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8adf3ddd720272c6ea8bf59463c04e0f93d0bbf7c5439b691bca2987e0270897"
+checksum = "d530e1a18b1cb4c484e6e34556a0d948706958449fca0cab753d649f2bce3d1f"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.14.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.2",
  "serde",
 ]
 
@@ -2269,7 +2280,7 @@ version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b58db92f96b720de98181bbbe63c831e87005ab460c1bf306eb2622b4707997f"
 dependencies = [
- "socket2 0.5.4",
+ "socket2 0.5.5",
  "widestring",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
  "winreg",
@@ -2277,9 +2288,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.8.0"
+version = "2.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28b29a3cd74f0f4598934efe3aeba42bae0eb4680554128851ebbecb02af14e6"
+checksum = "8f518f335dce6725a761382244631d86cf0ccb2863413590b31338feb467f9c3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "isahc"
@@ -2332,9 +2343,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.64"
+version = "0.3.65"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c5f195fe497f702db0f318b07fdd68edb16955aed830df8363d837542f8f935a"
+checksum = "54c0c35952f67de54bb584e9fd912b3023117cbafc0a77d8f3dee1fb5f572fe8"
 dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
@@ -2393,9 +2404,9 @@ checksum = "884e2677b40cc8c339eaefcb701c32ef1fd2493d71118dc0ca4b6a736c93bd67"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.149"
+version = "0.2.150"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a08173bc88b7955d1b3145aa561539096c421ac8debde8cbc3612ec635fee29b"
+checksum = "89d92a4743f9a61002fae18374ed11e7973f530cb3a3255fb354818118b2203c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -2590,7 +2601,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "smallvec",
- "socket2 0.5.4",
+ "socket2 0.5.5",
  "tokio",
  "trust-dns-proto 0.22.0",
  "void",
@@ -2672,18 +2683,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot",
  "quinn",
  "rand 0.8.5",
- "ring",
+ "ring 0.16.20",
  "rustls",
- "socket2 0.5.4",
+ "socket2 0.5.5",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-request-response"
-version = "0.25.2"
+version = "0.25.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c772216645a224da196588418bf562e99a87413c6f49d74b4a1e3b4f5c8add3d"
+checksum = "d8e3b4d67870478db72bac87bfc260ee6641d0734e0e3e275798f089c3fecfd4"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -2699,9 +2710,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-swarm"
-version = "0.43.6"
+version = "0.43.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48ff0e918a45fec0b6f27b30b0547a57c6c214aa8b13be3647b7701bfd8b8797"
+checksum = "580189e0074af847df90e75ef54f3f30059aedda37ea5a1659e8b9fca05c0141"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
  "fnv",
@@ -2730,7 +2741,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-warning",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2746,7 +2757,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libp2p-core",
  "libp2p-identity",
  "log",
- "socket2 0.5.4",
+ "socket2 0.5.5",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
@@ -2761,7 +2772,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libp2p-core",
  "libp2p-identity",
  "rcgen",
- "ring",
+ "ring 0.16.20",
  "rustls",
  "rustls-webpki",
  "thiserror",
@@ -2798,6 +2809,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "yamux",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libredox"
+version = "0.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85c833ca1e66078851dba29046874e38f08b2c883700aa29a03ddd3b23814ee8"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "libc",
+ "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "librocksdb-sys"
 version = "0.11.0+8.1.1"
@@ -2875,7 +2897,7 @@ version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1efa59af2ddfad1854ae27d75009d538d0998b4b2fd47083e743ac1a10e46c60"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.14.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2934,6 +2956,16 @@ version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0e7465ac9959cc2b1404e8e2367b43684a6d13790fe23056cc8c6c5a6b7bcb94"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "matrixmultiply"
+version = "0.3.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7574c1cf36da4798ab73da5b215bbf444f50718207754cb522201d78d1cd0ff2"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg 1.1.0",
+ "rawpointer",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "md-5"
 version = "0.10.6"
@@ -3019,9 +3051,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "0.8.8"
+version = "0.8.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "927a765cd3fc26206e66b296465fa9d3e5ab003e651c1b3c060e7956d96b19d2"
+checksum = "3dce281c5e46beae905d4de1870d8b1509a9142b62eedf18b443b011ca8343d0"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
@@ -3089,6 +3121,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "unsigned-varint",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nalgebra"
+version = "0.29.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d506eb7e08d6329505faa8a3a00a5dcc6de9f76e0c77e4b75763ae3c770831ff"
+dependencies = [
+ "approx",
+ "matrixmultiply",
+ "nalgebra-macros",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand_distr",
+ "simba",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "nalgebra-macros"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01fcc0b8149b4632adc89ac3b7b31a12fb6099a0317a4eb2ebff574ef7de7218"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "netlink-packet-core"
 version = "0.4.2"
@@ -3250,6 +3311,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-complex"
+version = "0.4.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1ba157ca0885411de85d6ca030ba7e2a83a28636056c7c699b07c8b6f7383214"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.45"
@@ -3271,6 +3341,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-rational"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0638a1c9d0a3c0914158145bc76cff373a75a627e6ecbfb71cbe6f453a5a19b0"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg 1.1.0",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -3329,9 +3410,9 @@ checksum = "ff011a302c396a5197692431fc1948019154afc178baf7d8e37367442a4601cf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openssl-sys"
-version = "0.9.93"
+version = "0.9.95"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "db4d56a4c0478783083cfafcc42493dd4a981d41669da64b4572a2a089b51b1d"
+checksum = "40a4130519a360279579c2053038317e40eff64d13fd3f004f9e1b72b8a6aaf9"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -3558,9 +3639,9 @@ checksum = "9b2a4787296e9989611394c33f193f676704af1686e70b8f8033ab5ba9a35a94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest"
-version = "2.7.4"
+version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c022f1e7b65d6a24c0dbbd5fb344c66881bc01f3e5ae74a1c8100f2f985d98a4"
+checksum = "ae9cee2a55a544be8b89dc6848072af97a20f2422603c10865be2a42b580fff5"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
  "thiserror",
@@ -3569,9 +3650,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_derive"
-version = "2.7.4"
+version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "35513f630d46400a977c4cb58f78e1bfbe01434316e60c37d27b9ad6139c66d8"
+checksum = "81d78524685f5ef2a3b3bd1cafbc9fcabb036253d9b1463e726a91cd16e2dfc2"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_generator",
@@ -3579,22 +3660,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_generator"
-version = "2.7.4"
+version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc9fc1b9e7057baba189b5c626e2d6f40681ae5b6eb064dc7c7834101ec8123a"
+checksum = "68bd1206e71118b5356dae5ddc61c8b11e28b09ef6a31acbd15ea48a28e0c227"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_meta",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_meta"
-version = "2.7.4"
+version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1df74e9e7ec4053ceb980e7c0c8bd3594e977fde1af91daba9c928e8e8c6708d"
+checksum = "7c747191d4ad9e4a4ab9c8798f1e82a39affe7ef9648390b7e5548d18e099de6"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "pest",
@@ -3624,7 +3705,7 @@ checksum = "4359fd9c9171ec6e8c62926d6faaf553a8dc3f64e1507e76da7911b4f6a04405"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3668,9 +3749,9 @@ checksum = "26072860ba924cbfa98ea39c8c19b4dd6a4a25423dbdf219c1eca91aa0cf6964"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "platforms"
-version = "3.1.2"
+version = "3.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4503fa043bf02cee09a9582e9554b4c6403b2ef55e4612e96561d294419429f8"
+checksum = "14e6ab3f592e6fb464fc9712d8d6e6912de6473954635fd76a589d832cffcbb0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "polling"
@@ -3741,7 +3822,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ae005bd773ab59b4725093fd7df83fd7892f7d8eafb48dbd7de6e024e4215f9d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3776,7 +3857,7 @@ checksum = "3d1eaa7fa0aa1929ffdf7eeb6eac234dde6268914a14ad44d23521ab6a9b258e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3808,7 +3889,7 @@ checksum = "440f724eba9f6996b75d63681b0a92b06947f1457076d503a4d2e2c8f56442b8"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3885,7 +3966,7 @@ checksum = "2c78e758510582acc40acb90458401172d41f1016f8c9dde89e49677afb7eec1"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "rand 0.8.5",
- "ring",
+ "ring 0.16.20",
  "rustc-hash",
  "rustls",
  "slab",
@@ -3902,7 +3983,7 @@ checksum = "055b4e778e8feb9f93c4e439f71dc2156ef13360b432b799e179a8c4cdf0b1d7"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "libc",
- "socket2 0.5.4",
+ "socket2 0.5.5",
  "tracing",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
@@ -3996,6 +4077,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_distr"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32cb0b9bc82b0a0876c2dd994a7e7a2683d3e7390ca40e6886785ef0c7e3ee31"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_hc"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -4059,6 +4150,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.3.1",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rawpointer"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "60a357793950651c4ed0f3f52338f53b2f809f32d83a07f72909fa13e4c6c1e3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rayon"
 version = "1.8.0"
@@ -4086,7 +4183,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ffbe84efe2f38dea12e9bfc1f65377fdf03e53a18cb3b995faedf7934c7e785b"
 dependencies = [
  "pem",
- "ring",
+ "ring 0.16.20",
  "time",
  "yasna",
 ]
@@ -4100,15 +4197,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.3.1",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.2.16"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fb5a58c1855b4b6819d59012155603f0b22ad30cad752600aadfcb695265519a"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 1.3.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
 version = "0.3.5"
@@ -4129,12 +4217,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b033d837a7cf162d7993aded9304e30a83213c648b6e389db233191f891e5c2b"
+checksum = "a18479200779601e498ada4e8c1e1f50e3ee19deb0259c25825a98b5603b2cb4"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
- "redox_syscall 0.2.16",
+ "libredox",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -4235,11 +4323,25 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "once_cell",
  "spin 0.5.2",
- "untrusted",
+ "untrusted 0.7.1",
  "web-sys",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ring"
+version = "0.17.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fb0205304757e5d899b9c2e448b867ffd03ae7f988002e47cd24954391394d0b"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "getrandom",
+ "libc",
+ "spin 0.9.8",
+ "untrusted 0.9.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rkyv"
 version = "0.7.42"
@@ -4292,16 +4394,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rsa"
-version = "0.9.2"
+version = "0.9.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6ab43bb47d23c1a631b4b680199a45255dce26fa9ab2fa902581f624ff13e6a8"
+checksum = "86ef35bf3e7fe15a53c4ab08a998e42271eab13eb0db224126bc7bc4c4bad96d"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
  "const-oid",
  "digest",
  "num-bigint-dig",
  "num-integer",
- "num-iter",
  "num-traits",
  "pkcs1",
  "pkcs8",
@@ -4369,9 +4469,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.37.25"
+version = "0.37.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4eb579851244c2c03e7c24f501c3432bed80b8f720af1d6e5b0e0f01555a035"
+checksum = "fea8ca367a3a01fe35e6943c400addf443c0f57670e6ec51196f71a4b8762dd2"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "errno",
@@ -4383,9 +4483,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.19"
+version = "0.38.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "745ecfa778e66b2b63c88a61cb36e0eea109e803b0b86bf9879fbc77c70e86ed"
+checksum = "2b426b0506e5d50a7d8dafcf2e81471400deb602392c7dd110815afb4eaf02a3"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "errno",
@@ -4396,12 +4496,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
-version = "0.21.7"
+version = "0.21.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cd8d6c9f025a446bc4d18ad9632e69aec8f287aa84499ee335599fabd20c3fd8"
+checksum = "446e14c5cda4f3f30fe71863c34ec70f5ac79d6087097ad0bb433e1be5edf04c"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
- "ring",
+ "ring 0.17.5",
  "rustls-webpki",
  "sct",
 ]
@@ -4412,17 +4512,17 @@ version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2d3987094b1d07b653b7dfdc3f70ce9a1da9c51ac18c1b06b662e4f9a0e9f4b2"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.4",
+ "base64 0.21.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-webpki"
-version = "0.101.6"
+version = "0.101.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c7d5dece342910d9ba34d259310cae3e0154b873b35408b787b59bce53d34fe"
+checksum = "8b6275d1ee7a1cd780b64aca7726599a1dbc893b1e64144529e55c3c2f745765"
 dependencies = [
- "ring",
- "untrusted",
+ "ring 0.17.5",
+ "untrusted 0.9.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4448,6 +4548,15 @@ version = "1.0.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ad4cc8da4ef723ed60bced201181d83791ad433213d8c24efffda1eec85d741"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "safe_arch"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f398075ce1e6a179b46f51bd88d0598b92b00d3551f1a2d4ac49e771b56ac354"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "same-file"
 version = "1.0.6"
@@ -4474,12 +4583,12 @@ checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sct"
-version = "0.7.0"
+version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d53dcdb7c9f8158937a7981b48accfd39a43af418591a5d008c7b22b5e1b7ca4"
+checksum = "da046153aa2352493d6cb7da4b6e5c0c057d8a1d0a9aa8560baffdd945acd414"
 dependencies = [
- "ring",
- "untrusted",
+ "ring 0.17.5",
+ "untrusted 0.9.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4505,9 +4614,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.189"
+version = "1.0.190"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8e422a44e74ad4001bdc8eede9a4570ab52f71190e9c076d14369f38b9200537"
+checksum = "91d3c334ca1ee894a2c6f6ad698fe8c435b76d504b13d436f0685d648d6d96f7"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
@@ -4525,9 +4634,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde-wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30c9933e5689bd420dc6c87b7a1835701810cbc10cd86a26e4da45b73e6b1d78"
+checksum = "17ba92964781421b6cef36bf0d7da26d201e96d84e1b10e7ae6ed416e516906d"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "serde",
@@ -4545,20 +4654,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.189"
+version = "1.0.190"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e48d1f918009ce3145511378cf68d613e3b3d9137d67272562080d68a2b32d5"
+checksum = "67c5609f394e5c2bd7fc51efda478004ea80ef42fee983d5c67a65e34f32c0e3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.107"
+version = "1.0.108"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b420ce6e3d8bd882e9b243c6eed35dbc9a6110c9769e74b584e0d68d1f20c65"
+checksum = "3d1c7e3eac408d115102c4c24ad393e0821bb3a5df4d506a80f85f7a742a526b"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
@@ -4567,9 +4676,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_spanned"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96426c9936fd7a0124915f9185ea1d20aa9445cc9821142f0a73bc9207a2e186"
+checksum = "12022b835073e5b11e90a14f86838ceb1c8fb0325b72416845c487ac0fa95e80"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -4592,11 +4701,11 @@ version = "3.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "64cd236ccc1b7a29e7e2739f27c0b2dd199804abc4290e32f59f3b68d6405c23"
 dependencies = [
- "base64 0.21.4",
+ "base64 0.21.5",
  "chrono",
  "hex",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
- "indexmap 2.0.2",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "serde_with_macros",
@@ -4612,7 +4721,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4681,6 +4790,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "simba"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0b7840f121a46d63066ee7a99fc81dcabbc6105e437cae43528cea199b5a05f"
+dependencies = [
+ "approx",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-traits",
+ "paste",
+ "wide",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "simdutf8"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -4730,7 +4852,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "chacha20poly1305 0.9.1",
  "curve25519-dalek",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "ring",
+ "ring 0.16.20",
  "rustc_version",
  "sha2",
  "subtle",
@@ -4738,9 +4860,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
-version = "0.4.9"
+version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "64a4a911eed85daf18834cfaa86a79b7d266ff93ff5ba14005426219480ed662"
+checksum = "9f7916fc008ca5542385b89a3d3ce689953c143e9304a9bf8beec1de48994c0d"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "winapi",
@@ -4748,9 +4870,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "0.5.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4031e820eb552adee9295814c0ced9e5cf38ddf1e8b7d566d6de8e2538ea989e"
+checksum = "7b5fac59a5cb5dd637972e5fca70daf0523c9067fcdc4842f053dae04a18f8e9"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
@@ -4811,7 +4933,7 @@ version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8d6753e460c998bbd4cd8c6f0ed9a64346fcca0723d6e75e52fdc351c5d2169d"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.8.3",
+ "ahash 0.8.6",
  "atoi",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -4827,7 +4949,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "hashlink",
  "hex",
- "indexmap 2.0.2",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
  "log",
  "memchr",
  "once_cell",
@@ -4893,7 +5015,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "864b869fdf56263f4c95c45483191ea0af340f9f3e3e7b4d57a61c7c87a970db"
 dependencies = [
  "atoi",
- "base64 0.21.4",
+ "base64 0.21.5",
  "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "byteorder",
  "bytes",
@@ -4935,7 +5057,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "eb7ae0e6a97fb3ba33b23ac2671a5ce6e3cabe003f451abd5a56e7951d975624"
 dependencies = [
  "atoi",
- "base64 0.21.4",
+ "base64 0.21.5",
  "bitflags 2.4.1",
  "byteorder",
  "crc",
@@ -5001,6 +5123,19 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "statrs"
+version = "0.16.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2d08e5e1748192713cc281da8b16924fb46be7b0c2431854eadc785823e5696e"
+dependencies = [
+ "approx",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "nalgebra",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "stretto"
 version = "0.8.2"
@@ -5058,9 +5193,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.38"
+version = "2.0.39"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e96b79aaa137db8f61e26363a0c9b47d8b4ec75da28b7d1d614c2303e232408b"
+checksum = "23e78b90f2fcf45d3e842032ce32e3f2d1545ba6636271dcbf24fa306d87be7a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -5125,41 +5260,41 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "target-lexicon"
-version = "0.12.11"
+version = "0.12.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d0e916b1148c8e263850e1ebcbd046f333e0683c724876bb0da63ea4373dc8a"
+checksum = "14c39fd04924ca3a864207c66fc2cd7d22d7c016007f9ce846cbb9326331930a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.8.0"
+version = "3.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cb94d2f3cc536af71caac6b6fcebf65860b347e7ce0cc9ebe8f70d3e521054ef"
+checksum = "7ef1adac450ad7f4b3c28589471ade84f25f731a7a0fe30d71dfa9f60fd808e5"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "fastrand 2.0.1",
- "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
- "rustix 0.38.19",
+ "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
+ "rustix 0.38.21",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.49"
+version = "1.0.50"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1177e8c6d7ede7afde3585fd2513e611227efd6481bd78d2e82ba1ce16557ed4"
+checksum = "f9a7210f5c9a7156bb50aa36aed4c95afb51df0df00713949448cf9e97d382d2"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.49"
+version = "1.0.50"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "10712f02019e9288794769fba95cd6847df9874d49d871d062172f9dd41bc4cc"
+checksum = "266b2e40bc00e5a6c09c3584011e08b06f123c00362c92b975ba9843aaaa14b8"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5252,7 +5387,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "signal-hook-registry",
- "socket2 0.5.4",
+ "socket2 0.5.5",
  "tokio-macros",
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
@@ -5265,7 +5400,7 @@ checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5293,9 +5428,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.9"
+version = "0.7.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d68074620f57a0b21594d9735eb2e98ab38b17f80d3fcb189fca266771ca60d"
+checksum = "5419f34732d9eb6ee4c3578b7989078579b7f039cbbb9ca2c4da015749371e15"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
@@ -5316,11 +5451,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "185d8ab0dfbb35cf1399a6344d8484209c088f75f8f68230da55d48d95d43e3d"
+checksum = "8ff9e3abce27ee2c9a37f9ad37238c1bdd4e789c84ba37df76aa4d528f5072cc"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.0.2",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
  "toml_datetime",
@@ -5329,20 +5464,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_datetime"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7cda73e2f1397b1262d6dfdcef8aafae14d1de7748d66822d3bfeeb6d03e5e4b"
+checksum = "3550f4e9685620ac18a50ed434eb3aec30db8ba93b0287467bca5826ea25baf1"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.20.2"
+version = "0.20.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "396e4d48bbb2b7554c944bde63101b5ae446cff6ec4a24227428f15eb72ef338"
+checksum = "70f427fce4d84c72b5b732388bf4a9f4531b53f74e2887e3ecb2481f68f66d81"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.0.2",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
  "toml_datetime",
@@ -5422,7 +5557,7 @@ checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5447,12 +5582,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-log"
-version = "0.1.3"
+version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78ddad33d2d10b1ed7eb9d1f518a5674713876e97e5bb9b7345a7984fbb4f922"
+checksum = "f751112709b4e791d8ce53e32c4ed2d353565a795ce84da2285393f41557bdf2"
 dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
  "log",
+ "once_cell",
  "tracing-core",
 ]
 
@@ -5508,7 +5643,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
  "rand 0.8.5",
  "smallvec",
- "socket2 0.4.9",
+ "socket2 0.4.10",
  "thiserror",
  "tinyvec",
  "tokio",
@@ -5518,9 +5653,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "trust-dns-proto"
-version = "0.23.1"
+version = "0.23.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "559ac980345f7f5020883dd3bcacf176355225e01916f8c2efecad7534f682c6"
+checksum = "3119112651c157f4488931a01e586aa459736e9d6046d3bd9105ffb69352d374"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cfg-if",
@@ -5543,9 +5678,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "trust-dns-resolver"
-version = "0.23.1"
+version = "0.23.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c723b0e608b24ad04c73b2607e0241b2c98fd79795a95e98b068b6966138a29d"
+checksum = "10a3e6c3aff1718b3c73e395d1f35202ba2ffa847c6a62eea0db8fb4cfe30be6"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "futures-util",
@@ -5559,7 +5694,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
- "trust-dns-proto 0.23.1",
+ "trust-dns-proto 0.23.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5701,6 +5836,12 @@ version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a156c684c91ea7d62626509bce3cb4e1d9ed5c4d978f7b4352658f96a4c26b4a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "untrusted"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ecb6da28b8a351d773b68d5825ac39017e680750f980f3a1a85cd8dd28a47c1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "url"
 version = "2.4.1"
@@ -5793,9 +5934,9 @@ checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7706a72ab36d8cb1f80ffbf0e071533974a60d0a308d01a5d0375bf60499a342"
+checksum = "7daec296f25a1bae309c0cd5c29c4b260e510e6d813c286b19eaadf409d40fce"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "serde",
@@ -5805,16 +5946,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ef2b6d3c510e9625e5fe6f509ab07d66a760f0885d858736483c32ed7809abd"
+checksum = "e397f4664c0e4e428e8313a469aaa58310d302159845980fd23b0f22a847f217"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "log",
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -5843,9 +5984,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dee495e55982a3bd48105a7b947fd2a9b4a8ae3010041b9e0faab3f9cd028f1d"
+checksum = "5961017b3b08ad5f3fe39f1e79877f8ee7c23c5e5fd5eb80de95abc41f1f16b2"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -5853,37 +5994,37 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
+checksum = "c5353b8dab669f5e10f5bd76df26a9360c748f054f862ff5f3f8aae0c7fb3907"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca6ad05a4870b2bf5fe995117d3728437bd27d7cd5f06f13c17443ef369775a1"
+checksum = "0d046c5d029ba91a1ed14da14dca44b68bf2f124cfbaf741c54151fdb3e0750b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-encoder"
-version = "0.35.0"
+version = "0.32.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ca90ba1b5b0a70d3d49473c5579951f3bddc78d47b59256d2f9d4922b150aca"
+checksum = "1ba64e81215916eaeb48fee292f29401d69235d62d8b8fd92a7b2844ec5ae5f7"
 dependencies = [
  "leb128",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer"
-version = "4.2.2"
+version = "4.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e626f958755a90a6552b9528f59b58a62ae288e6c17fcf40e99495bc33c60f0"
+checksum = "50cb1ae2956aac1fbbcf334c543c1143cdf7d5b0a5fb6c3d23a17bf37dd1f47b"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cfg-if",
@@ -5910,9 +6051,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-compiler"
-version = "4.2.2"
+version = "4.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "848e1922694cf97f4df680a0534c9d72c836378b5eb2313c1708fe1a75b40044"
+checksum = "12fd9aeef339095798d1e04957d5657d97490b1112f145cbf08b98f6393b4a0a"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "bytes",
@@ -5937,9 +6078,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-compiler-cranelift"
-version = "4.2.2"
+version = "4.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3d96bce6fad15a954edcfc2749b59e47ea7de524b6ef3df392035636491a40b4"
+checksum = "344f5f1186c122756232fe7f156cc8d2e7bf333d5a658e81e25efa3415c26d07"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "cranelift-entity",
@@ -5956,9 +6097,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-derive"
-version = "4.2.2"
+version = "4.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f08f80d166a9279671b7af7a09409c28ede2e0b4e3acabbf0e3cb22c8038ba7"
+checksum = "2ac8c1f2dc0ed3c7412a5546e468365184a461f8ce7dfe2a707b621724339f91"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -5968,9 +6109,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-types"
-version = "4.2.2"
+version = "4.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ae2c892882f0b416783fb4310e5697f5c30587f6f9555f9d4f2be85ab39d5d3d"
+checksum = "5a57ecbf218c0a9348d4dfbdac0f9d42d9201ae276dffb13e61ea4ff939ecce7"
 dependencies = [
  "bytecheck",
  "enum-iterator",
@@ -5984,9 +6125,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-vm"
-version = "4.2.2"
+version = "4.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7c0a9a57b627fb39e5a491058d4365f099bc9b140031c000fded24a3306d9480"
+checksum = "60c3513477bc0097250f6e34a640e2a903bb0ee57e6bb518c427f72c06ac7728"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "cc",
@@ -6022,9 +6163,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wast"
-version = "66.0.2"
+version = "64.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93cb43b0ac6dd156f2c375735ccfd72b012a7c0a6e6d09503499b8d3cb6e6072"
+checksum = "a259b226fd6910225aa7baeba82f9d9933b6d00f2ce1b49b80fa4214328237cc"
 dependencies = [
  "leb128",
  "memchr",
@@ -6034,18 +6175,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wat"
-version = "1.0.77"
+version = "1.0.71"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e367582095d2903caeeea9acbb140e1db9c7677001efa4347c3687fd34fe7072"
+checksum = "53253d920ab413fca1c7dc2161d601c79b4fdf631d0ba51dd4343bf9b556c3f6"
 dependencies = [
  "wast",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.64"
+version = "0.3.65"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b85cbef8c220a6abc02aefd892dfc0fc23afb1c6a426316ec33253a3877249b"
+checksum = "5db499c5f66323272151db0e666cd34f78617522fb0c1604d31a27c50c206a85"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -6075,6 +6216,16 @@ version = "1.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "22fc3756b8a9133049b26c7f61ab35416c130e8c09b660f5b3958b446f52cc50"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wide"
+version = "0.7.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c68938b57b33da363195412cfc5fc37c9ed49aa9cfe2156fde64b8d2c9498242"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "safe_arch",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "widestring"
 version = "1.0.2"
@@ -6242,9 +6393,9 @@ checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.5.17"
+version = "0.5.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a3b801d0e0a6726477cc207f60162da452f3a95adb368399bef20a946e06f65c"
+checksum = "829846f3e3db426d4cee4510841b71a8e58aa2a76b1132579487ae430ccd9c7b"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -6369,6 +6520,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "time",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.7.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8cd369a67c0edfef15010f980c3cbe45d7f651deac2cd67ce097cd801de16557"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.7.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2f140bda219a26ccc0cdb03dba58af72590c53b22642577d88a927bc5c87d6b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize"
 version = "1.6.0"
@@ -6386,5 +6557,5 @@ checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.39",
 ]
diff --git a/crates/core/Cargo.toml b/crates/core/Cargo.toml
index 52474ae34..2a18499a6 100644
--- a/crates/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ tracing = "0.1"
 arbitrary = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 itertools = "0.11"
 pico-args = "0.5"
+statrs = "0.16.0"
 freenet-stdlib = { workspace = true, features = ["testing", "net"] }
 
 [features]
diff --git a/crates/core/src/lib.rs b/crates/core/src/lib.rs
index e26ed2240..fa71d6a6d 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mod router;
 mod runtime;
 #[cfg(feature = "websocket")]
 pub mod server;
+mod topology;
 pub mod util;
 
 type DynError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
diff --git a/crates/core/src/ring.rs b/crates/core/src/ring.rs
index eca228473..664f2bdd9 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/ring.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/ring.rs
@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@
 //! - next node
 //! - final location
 
+use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::{
     collections::BTreeMap,
     convert::TryFrom,
     fmt::Display,
     hash::Hasher,
+    ops::Add,
     sync::{
         atomic::{AtomicU64, AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
         Arc,
@@ -446,6 +448,11 @@ impl Location {
         Location(location)
     }
 
+    /// Returns a new location rounded to ensure it is between 0.0 and 1.0
+    pub fn new_rounded(location: f64) -> Self {
+        Self::new(location.rem_euclid(1.0))
+    }
+
     /// Returns a new random location.
     pub fn random() -> Self {
         use rand::prelude::*;
@@ -462,6 +469,10 @@ impl Location {
             Distance::new(1.0f64 - d)
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn as_f64(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.0
+    }
 }
 
 /// Ensure at compile time locations can only be constructed from well formed contract keys
@@ -535,10 +546,14 @@ impl Distance {
     pub fn new(value: f64) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(!value.is_nan(), "Distance cannot be NaN");
         debug_assert!(
-            (0.0..=0.5).contains(&value),
-            "Distance must be in the range [0, 0.5]"
+            (0.0..=1.0).contains(&value),
+            "Distance must be in the range [0, 1.0]"
         );
-        Distance(value)
+        if value <= 0.5 {
+            Distance(value)
+        } else {
+            Distance(1.0 - value)
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn as_f64(&self) -> f64 {
@@ -546,12 +561,26 @@ impl Distance {
     }
 }
 
+impl Add for Distance {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        let d = self.0 + rhs.0;
+        if d > 0.5 {
+            Distance::new(1.0 - d)
+        } else {
+            Distance::new(d)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl PartialEq for Distance {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         (self.0 - other.0).abs() < f64::EPSILON
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::incorrect_partial_ord_impl_on_ord_type)]
 impl PartialOrd for Distance {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
         Some(self.cmp(other))
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/connection_evaluator/mod.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/connection_evaluator/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7b46d004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/connection_evaluator/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+/// `ConnectionEvaluator` is used to evaluate connection scores within a specified time window.
+///
+/// The evaluator records scores and determines whether a given score is better (higher) than
+/// any other scores within a predefined time window. A score is considered better if it's higher
+/// than all other scores in the time window, or if no scores were recorded within the window's
+/// duration.
+///
+/// In the Freenet context, this will be used to titrate the rate of new connection requests accepted
+/// by a node. The node will only accept a new connection if the score of the connection is better
+/// than all other scores within the time window.
+pub(crate) struct ConnectionEvaluator {
+    scores: VecDeque<(Instant, f64)>,
+    window_duration: Duration,
+}
+
+impl ConnectionEvaluator {
+    pub fn new(window_duration: Duration) -> Self {
+        ConnectionEvaluator {
+            scores: VecDeque::new(),
+            window_duration,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_only(&mut self, score: f64) {
+        self.record_only_with_current_time(score, Instant::now());
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_only_with_current_time(&mut self, score: f64, current_time: Instant) {
+        self.remove_outdated_scores(current_time);
+        self.scores.push_back((current_time, score));
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_and_eval(&mut self, score: f64) -> bool {
+        self.record_and_eval_with_current_time(score, Instant::now())
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_and_eval_with_current_time(&mut self, score: f64, current_time: Instant) -> bool {
+        self.remove_outdated_scores(current_time);
+
+        let is_better = self.scores.is_empty() || self.scores.iter().all(|&(_, s)| score > s);
+
+        // Important to add new score *after* checking if it's better than all other scores
+        self.record_only_with_current_time(score, current_time);
+
+        is_better
+    }
+
+    fn remove_outdated_scores(&mut self, current_time: Instant) {
+        while let Some(&(time, _)) = self.scores.front() {
+            if current_time.duration_since(time) > self.window_duration {
+                self.scores.pop_front();
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/connection_evaluator/tests.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/connection_evaluator/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52bbf4974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/connection_evaluator/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use super::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_record_first_score() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+    let current_time = Instant::now();
+    assert!(evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(5.0, current_time));
+    // Assert evaluator.scores contains the new score
+    assert_eq!(evaluator.scores.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(evaluator.scores[0].1, 5.0);
+    assert_eq!(evaluator.scores[0].0, current_time);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_not_best_in_time_window() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(5.0, start_time);
+    assert!(!evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(4.0, start_time + Duration::from_secs(5)),);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_best_in_time_window() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(5.0, start_time);
+    assert!(evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(4.0, start_time + Duration::from_secs(11)),);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_remove_outdated_scores() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(5.0, start_time);
+    evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(6.0, start_time + Duration::from_secs(5));
+    evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(4.5, start_time + Duration::from_secs(11));
+    assert_eq!(evaluator.scores.len(), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_window_duration() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(0));
+    let current_time = Instant::now();
+    assert!(evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(5.0, current_time));
+    assert!(!evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(4.0, current_time));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_multiple_scores_same_timestamp() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+    let current_time = Instant::now();
+    evaluator.record_only_with_current_time(5.0, current_time);
+    evaluator.record_only_with_current_time(6.0, current_time);
+    assert_eq!(evaluator.scores.len(), 2);
+    assert!(
+        !evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(4.0, current_time + Duration::from_secs(5)),
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_negative_scores() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    assert!(evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(-5.0, start_time),);
+    assert!(evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(-4.0, start_time + Duration::from_secs(5)),);
+    assert!(
+        !evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(-6.0, start_time + Duration::from_secs(5)),
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_large_number_of_scores() {
+    let mut evaluator = ConnectionEvaluator::new(Duration::from_secs(10));
+    let start_time = Instant::now();
+    for i in 0..1000 {
+        evaluator.record_only_with_current_time(i as f64, start_time + Duration::from_secs(i));
+    }
+    assert!(
+        evaluator.record_and_eval_with_current_time(1000.0, start_time + Duration::from_secs(1001)),
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/mod.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3135ae4f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]
+
+use crate::ring::{Distance, Location};
+use request_density_tracker::cached_density_map::CachedDensityMap;
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    rc::Rc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+use tracing::{debug, error, info};
+
+use self::{request_density_tracker::DensityMapError, small_world_rand::random_link_distance};
+
+mod connection_evaluator;
+mod request_density_tracker;
+mod small_world_rand;
+
+const SLOW_CONNECTION_EVALUATOR_WINDOW_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5 * 60);
+const FAST_CONNECTION_EVALUATOR_WINDOW_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
+const REQUEST_DENSITY_TRACKER_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 10_000;
+const REGENERATE_DENSITY_MAP_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
+const RANDOM_CLOSEST_DISTANCE: f64 = 1.0 / 1000.0;
+
+/// The goal of `TopologyManager` is to select new connections such that the
+/// distribution of connections is as close as possible to the
+/// distribution of outbound requests.
+///
+/// This is done by maintaining a `RequestDensityTracker` which tracks the
+/// distribution of requests in the network. The `TopologyManager` uses this
+/// tracker to create a `DensityMap` which is used to evaluate the density of
+/// requests at a given location.
+///
+/// The `TopologyManager` uses the density map to select the best candidate
+/// location, which is assumed to be close to peer connections that are
+/// currently receiving a lot of requests. This should have the effect of
+/// "balancing" out requests over time.
+///
+/// The `TopologyManager` also uses a `ConnectionEvaluator` to evaluate whether
+/// a given connection is better than all other connections within a predefined
+/// time window. The goal of this is to select the best connections over time
+/// from incoming join requests.
+pub(crate) struct TopologyManager {
+    slow_connection_evaluator: connection_evaluator::ConnectionEvaluator,
+    fast_connection_evaluator: connection_evaluator::ConnectionEvaluator,
+    request_density_tracker: request_density_tracker::RequestDensityTracker,
+    cached_density_map: CachedDensityMap,
+    this_peer_location: Location,
+}
+
+impl TopologyManager {
+    /// Create a new TopologyManager specifying the peer's own Location
+    pub(crate) fn new(this_peer_location: Location) -> Self {
+        info!("Creating a new TopologyManager instance");
+        TopologyManager {
+            slow_connection_evaluator: connection_evaluator::ConnectionEvaluator::new(
+                SLOW_CONNECTION_EVALUATOR_WINDOW_DURATION,
+            ),
+            fast_connection_evaluator: connection_evaluator::ConnectionEvaluator::new(
+                FAST_CONNECTION_EVALUATOR_WINDOW_DURATION,
+            ),
+            request_density_tracker: request_density_tracker::RequestDensityTracker::new(
+                REQUEST_DENSITY_TRACKER_WINDOW_SIZE,
+            ),
+            cached_density_map: CachedDensityMap::new(REGENERATE_DENSITY_MAP_INTERVAL),
+            this_peer_location,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Record a request and the location it's targeting
+    pub(crate) fn record_request(
+        &mut self,
+        requested_location: Location,
+        request_type: RequestType,
+    ) {
+        debug!("Recording request for location: {:?}", requested_location);
+        self.request_density_tracker.sample(requested_location);
+    }
+
+    /// Decide whether to accept a connection from a new candidate peer based on its location
+    /// and current neighbors and request density, along with how it compares to other
+    /// recent candidates.
+    pub(crate) fn evaluate_new_connection(
+        &mut self,
+        current_neighbors: &BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+        candidate_location: Location,
+        acquisition_strategy: AcquisitionStrategy,
+    ) -> Result<bool, DensityMapError> {
+        self.evaluate_new_connection_with_current_time(
+            current_neighbors,
+            candidate_location,
+            acquisition_strategy,
+            Instant::now(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn evaluate_new_connection_with_current_time(
+        &mut self,
+        current_neighbors: &BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+        candidate_location: Location,
+        acquisition_strategy: AcquisitionStrategy,
+        current_time: Instant,
+    ) -> Result<bool, DensityMapError> {
+        debug!(
+            "Evaluating new connection for candidate location: {:?}",
+            candidate_location
+        );
+        let density_map = self.get_or_create_density_map(current_neighbors)?;
+        let score = density_map.get_density_at(candidate_location)?;
+
+        let accept = match acquisition_strategy {
+            AcquisitionStrategy::Slow => {
+                self.fast_connection_evaluator
+                    .record_only_with_current_time(score, current_time);
+                self.slow_connection_evaluator
+                    .record_and_eval_with_current_time(score, current_time)
+            }
+            AcquisitionStrategy::Fast => {
+                self.slow_connection_evaluator
+                    .record_only_with_current_time(score, current_time);
+                self.fast_connection_evaluator
+                    .record_and_eval_with_current_time(score, current_time)
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(accept)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the ideal location for a new connection based on current neighbors and request density
+    pub(crate) fn get_best_candidate_location(
+        &mut self,
+        current_neighbors: &BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Location, DensityMapError> {
+        debug!("Retrieving best candidate location");
+        let density_map = self.get_or_create_density_map(current_neighbors)?;
+
+        let best_location = match density_map.get_max_density() {
+            Ok(location) => {
+                debug!("Max density found at location: {:?}", location);
+                location
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                error!(
+                    "An error occurred while getting max density, falling back to random location"
+                );
+                self.random_location()
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(best_location)
+    }
+
+    /// Generates a random location that is close to the current peer location with a small
+    /// world distribution.
+    fn random_location(&self) -> Location {
+        debug!("Generating random location");
+        let distance = random_link_distance(Distance::new(RANDOM_CLOSEST_DISTANCE));
+        let location_f64 = if rand::random() {
+            self.this_peer_location.as_f64() - distance.as_f64()
+        } else {
+            self.this_peer_location.as_f64() + distance.as_f64()
+        };
+        let location_f64 = location_f64.rem_euclid(1.0); // Ensure result is in [0.0, 1.0)
+        Location::new(location_f64)
+    }
+
+    fn get_or_create_density_map(
+        &mut self,
+        current_neighbors: &BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Rc<request_density_tracker::DensityMap>, DensityMapError> {
+        debug!("Getting or creating density map");
+        self.cached_density_map
+            .get_or_create(&self.request_density_tracker, current_neighbors)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum RequestType {
+    Get,
+    Put,
+    Join,
+    Subscribe,
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum AcquisitionStrategy {
+    /// Acquire new connections slowly, be picky
+    Slow,
+
+    /// Acquire new connections aggressively, be less picky
+    Fast,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::TopologyManager;
+    use crate::ring::Location;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_topology_manager() {
+        let mut topology_manager = TopologyManager::new(Location::new(0.39));
+        let mut current_neighbors = std::collections::BTreeMap::new();
+
+        // Insert neighbors from 0.0 to 0.9
+        for i in 0..10 {
+            current_neighbors.insert(Location::new(i as f64 / 10.0), 0);
+        }
+
+        let mut requests = vec![];
+        // Simulate a bunch of random requests clustered around 0.35
+        for _ in 0..1000 {
+            let requested_location = topology_manager.random_location();
+            topology_manager.record_request(requested_location, super::RequestType::Get);
+            requests.push(requested_location);
+        }
+
+        let best_candidate_location = topology_manager
+            .get_best_candidate_location(&current_neighbors)
+            .unwrap();
+        // Should be half way between 0.3 and 0.4 as that is where the most requests were
+        assert_eq!(best_candidate_location, Location::new(0.35));
+
+        // call evaluate_new_connection for locations 0.0 to 1.0 at 0.01 intervals and find the
+        // location with the highest score
+        let mut best_score = 0.0;
+        let mut best_location = Location::new(0.0);
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            let candidate_location = Location::new(i as f64 / 100.0);
+            let score = topology_manager
+                .get_or_create_density_map(&current_neighbors)
+                .unwrap()
+                .get_density_at(candidate_location)
+                .unwrap();
+            if score > best_score {
+                best_score = score;
+                best_location = candidate_location;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Best location should be 0.4 as that is closest to 0.39 which is the peer's location and
+        // the request epicenter
+        assert_eq!(best_location, Location::new(0.4));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/cached_density_map.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/cached_density_map.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db18ff85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/cached_density_map.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use crate::ring::Location;
+use crate::topology::request_density_tracker::{self, DensityMapError};
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    rc::Rc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+/// Struct to handle caching of DensityMap
+pub(in crate::topology) struct CachedDensityMap {
+    density_map: Option<(Rc<request_density_tracker::DensityMap>, Instant)>,
+    regenerate_interval: Duration,
+}
+
+impl CachedDensityMap {
+    pub(in crate::topology) fn new(regenerate_interval: Duration) -> Self {
+        CachedDensityMap {
+            density_map: None,
+            regenerate_interval,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(in crate::topology) fn get_or_create(
+        &mut self,
+        tracker: &request_density_tracker::RequestDensityTracker,
+        current_neighbors: &BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Rc<request_density_tracker::DensityMap>, DensityMapError> {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        if let Some((density_map, last_update)) = &self.density_map {
+            if now.duration_since(*last_update) < self.regenerate_interval {
+                return Ok(density_map.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let density_map = Rc::new(tracker.create_density_map(current_neighbors)?);
+        self.density_map = Some((density_map.clone(), now));
+
+        Ok(density_map)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/mod.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8449162ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+pub mod cached_density_map;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+use crate::ring::Location;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, LinkedList};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+/// Tracks requests sent by a node to its neighbors and creates a density map, which
+/// is useful for determining which new neighbors to connect to based on their
+/// location.
+pub(crate) struct RequestDensityTracker {
+    ordered_map: BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+    list: LinkedList<Location>,
+    window_size: usize,
+    samples: usize,
+}
+
+impl RequestDensityTracker {
+    pub(crate) fn new(window_size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ordered_map: BTreeMap::new(),
+            list: LinkedList::new(),
+            window_size,
+            samples: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn sample(&mut self, value: Location) {
+        self.samples += 1;
+
+        self.list.push_back(value);
+        *self.ordered_map.entry(value).or_insert(0) += 1;
+
+        if self.list.len() > self.window_size {
+            if let Some(oldest) = self.list.pop_front() {
+                if let Some(count) = self.ordered_map.get_mut(&oldest) {
+                    *count -= 1;
+                    if *count == 0 {
+                        self.ordered_map.remove(&oldest);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn create_density_map(
+        &self,
+        neighbors: &BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+    ) -> Result<DensityMap, DensityMapError> {
+        if neighbors.is_empty() {
+            return Err(DensityMapError::EmptyNeighbors);
+        }
+
+        let smoothing_radius = 2;
+        let mut density_map = DensityMap {
+            neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+        };
+
+        for (sample_location, sample_count) in self.ordered_map.iter() {
+            let previous_neighbor = neighbors
+                .range(..*sample_location)
+                .next_back()
+                .or_else(|| neighbors.iter().next_back());
+            let next_neighbor = neighbors
+                .range(*sample_location..)
+                .next()
+                .or_else(|| neighbors.iter().next());
+
+            match (previous_neighbor, next_neighbor) {
+                (Some((previous_neighbor_location, _)), Some((next_neighbor_location, _))) => {
+                    if sample_location.distance(*previous_neighbor_location)
+                        < sample_location.distance(*next_neighbor_location)
+                    {
+                        *density_map
+                            .neighbor_request_counts
+                            .entry(*previous_neighbor_location)
+                            .or_insert(0) += sample_count;
+                    } else {
+                        *density_map
+                            .neighbor_request_counts
+                            .entry(*next_neighbor_location)
+                            .or_insert(0) += sample_count;
+                    }
+                }
+                // The None cases have been removed as they should not occur given the new logic
+                _ => unreachable!(
+                    "This shouldn't be possible given that we verify neighbors is not empty"
+                ),
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(density_map)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct DensityMap {
+    neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap<Location, usize>,
+}
+
+impl DensityMap {
+    pub(crate) fn get_density_at(&self, location: Location) -> Result<f64, DensityMapError> {
+        if self.neighbor_request_counts.is_empty() {
+            return Err(DensityMapError::EmptyNeighbors);
+        }
+
+        // Determine the locations below and above the given location
+        let previous_neighbor = self
+            .neighbor_request_counts
+            .range(..location)
+            .next_back()
+            .or_else(|| self.neighbor_request_counts.iter().next_back());
+
+        let next_neighbor = self
+            .neighbor_request_counts
+            .range(location..)
+            .next()
+            .or_else(|| self.neighbor_request_counts.iter().next());
+
+        // Determine the value proportionate to the distance to the previous and next neighbor
+        let count_estimate = match (previous_neighbor, next_neighbor) {
+            (
+                Some((previous_neighbor_location, previous_neighbor_count)),
+                Some((next_neighbor_location, next_neighbor_count)),
+            ) => {
+                let previous_neighbor_dist =
+                    location.distance(*previous_neighbor_location).as_f64();
+                let next_neighbor_dist = location.distance(*next_neighbor_location).as_f64();
+                let total_dist = previous_neighbor_dist + next_neighbor_dist;
+                let previous_neighbor_prop = previous_neighbor_dist / total_dist;
+                let next_neighbor_prop = next_neighbor_dist / total_dist;
+                next_neighbor_prop * *previous_neighbor_count as f64
+                    + previous_neighbor_prop * *next_neighbor_count as f64
+            }
+            // The None cases have been removed as they should not occur given the new logic
+            _ => unreachable!(
+                "This shouldn't be possible given that we verify neighbors is not empty"
+            ),
+        };
+
+        Ok(count_estimate)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_max_density(&self) -> Result<Location, DensityMapError> {
+        if self.neighbor_request_counts.is_empty() {
+            return Err(DensityMapError::EmptyNeighbors);
+        }
+
+        // Identify the midpoint Location between the pair of neighbors
+        // with the highest combined request count
+        let mut max_density_location = Location::new(0.0);
+        let mut max_density = 0;
+
+        for (
+            (previous_neighbor_location, previous_neighbor_count),
+            (next_neighbor_location, next_neighbor_count),
+        ) in self
+            .neighbor_request_counts
+            .iter()
+            .zip(self.neighbor_request_counts.iter().skip(1))
+        {
+            let combined_count = previous_neighbor_count + next_neighbor_count;
+            if combined_count > max_density {
+                max_density = combined_count;
+                max_density_location = Location::new(
+                    (previous_neighbor_location.as_f64() + next_neighbor_location.as_f64()) / 2.0,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // We need to also check the first and last neighbors as locations are circular
+        let first_neighbor = self.neighbor_request_counts.iter().next();
+        let last_neighbor = self.neighbor_request_counts.iter().next_back();
+        if let (
+            Some((first_neighbor_location, first_neighbor_count)),
+            Some((last_neighbor_location, last_neighbor_count)),
+        ) = (first_neighbor, last_neighbor)
+        {
+            let combined_count = first_neighbor_count + last_neighbor_count;
+            if combined_count > max_density {
+                // max_density = combined_count; Not needed as this is the last check
+                let distance = first_neighbor_location.distance(*last_neighbor_location);
+                let mut mp = first_neighbor_location.as_f64() - (distance.as_f64() / 2.0);
+                if mp < 0.0 {
+                    mp += 1.0;
+                }
+                max_density_location = Location::new(mp);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(max_density_location)
+    }
+}
+
+// Define the custom error type using thiserror
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum DensityError {
+    #[error("Not enough samples to determine lower and upper bounds")]
+    CantFindBounds,
+
+    #[error("Window radius too big. Window radius should be <= 50% of the number of samples ({samples}) and window size ({window_size}).")]
+    WindowTooBig { samples: usize, window_size: usize },
+}
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum DensityMapError {
+    #[error("The neighbors BTreeMap is empty.")]
+    EmptyNeighbors,
+}
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/tests.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f9a3fb39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/request_density_tracker/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+use super::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_create_density_map() {
+    let mut sw = RequestDensityTracker::new(5);
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.21));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.22));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.23));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.61));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.62));
+
+    let mut neighbors = BTreeMap::new();
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.6), 1);
+
+    let result = sw.create_density_map(&neighbors);
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.neighbor_request_counts.get(&Location::new(0.2)),
+        Some(&3)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.neighbor_request_counts.get(&Location::new(0.6)),
+        Some(&2)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_wrap_around() {
+    let mut sw = RequestDensityTracker::new(5);
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.21));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.22));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.23));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.61));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.62));
+
+    let mut neighbors = BTreeMap::new();
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.6), 1);
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.9), 1);
+
+    let result = sw.create_density_map(&neighbors);
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.neighbor_request_counts.get(&Location::new(0.9)),
+        Some(&3)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.neighbor_request_counts.get(&Location::new(0.6)),
+        Some(&2)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_interpolate() {
+    let mut sw = RequestDensityTracker::new(10);
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.19));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.20));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.21));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.59));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.60));
+
+    let mut neighbors = BTreeMap::new();
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.6), 1);
+
+    let result = sw.create_density_map(&neighbors);
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+
+    // Scan and dumb densities 0.0 to 1.0 at 0.01 intervals
+    println!("Location\tDensity");
+    for i in 0..100 {
+        let location = Location::new(i as f64 / 100.0);
+        let density = result.get_density_at(location).unwrap();
+        // Print and round density to 2 decimals
+        println!(
+            "{}\t{}",
+            location.as_f64(),
+            (density * 100.0).round() / 100.0
+        );
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(result.get_density_at(Location::new(0.2)).unwrap(), 3.0);
+    assert_eq!(result.get_density_at(Location::new(0.6)).unwrap(), 2.0);
+    assert_eq!(result.get_density_at(Location::new(0.4)).unwrap(), 2.5);
+    assert_eq!(result.get_density_at(Location::new(0.5)).unwrap(), 2.25);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_drop() {
+    let mut sw = RequestDensityTracker::new(4);
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.21));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.22));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.23));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.61));
+    sw.sample(Location::new(0.62));
+
+    let mut neighbors = BTreeMap::new();
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    neighbors.insert(Location::new(0.6), 1);
+
+    let result = sw.create_density_map(&neighbors);
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.neighbor_request_counts.get(&Location::new(0.2)),
+        Some(&2)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.neighbor_request_counts.get(&Location::new(0.6)),
+        Some(&2)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_neighbors_error() {
+    let sw = RequestDensityTracker::new(10);
+    let empty_neighbors = BTreeMap::new();
+    let result = sw.create_density_map(&empty_neighbors);
+    assert!(matches!(result, Err(DensityMapError::EmptyNeighbors)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_max_density() {
+    let mut density_map = DensityMap {
+        neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.6), 2);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.8), 2);
+
+    let result = density_map.get_max_density();
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, Location::new(0.7));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_max_density_2() {
+    let mut density_map = DensityMap {
+        neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.6), 2);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.8), 2);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.9), 1);
+
+    let result = density_map.get_max_density();
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, Location::new(0.7));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_max_density_first_last() {
+    let mut density_map = DensityMap {
+        neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.0), 2);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.6), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.8), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.9), 2);
+
+    let result = density_map.get_max_density();
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, Location::new(0.95));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_max_density_first_last_2() {
+    // Verify the other case in max_density_location calculation
+    let mut density_map = DensityMap {
+        neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.3), 2);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.4), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.6), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.8), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.9), 2);
+
+    let result = density_map.get_max_density();
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, Location::new(0.1));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_max_density_first_last_3() {
+    // Verify the other case in max_density_location calculation
+    let mut density_map = DensityMap {
+        neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.1), 2);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.2), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.3), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.4), 1);
+    density_map
+        .neighbor_request_counts
+        .insert(Location::new(0.7), 2);
+
+    let result = density_map.get_max_density();
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, Location::new(0.9));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_get_max_density_empty_neighbors_error() {
+    let density_map = DensityMap {
+        neighbor_request_counts: BTreeMap::new(),
+    };
+
+    let result = density_map.get_max_density();
+    assert!(matches!(result, Err(DensityMapError::EmptyNeighbors)));
+}
diff --git a/crates/core/src/topology/small_world_rand.rs b/crates/core/src/topology/small_world_rand.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57fb309fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/topology/small_world_rand.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use rand::Rng;
+
+use crate::ring::Distance;
+
+// Function to generate a random link distance based on Kleinberg's d^{-1} distribution
+pub(crate) fn random_link_distance(d_min: Distance) -> Distance {
+    let d_max = 0.5;
+
+    // Generate a uniform random number between 0 and 1
+    let u: f64 = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0.0..1.0);
+
+    // Correct Inverse CDF: F^{-1}(u) = d_min * (d_max / d_min).powf(u)
+    let d = d_min.as_f64() * (d_max / d_min.as_f64()).powf(u);
+
+    Distance::new(d)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+
+    use super::*;
+    use statrs::distribution::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chi_squared_test() {
+        let d_min = 0.01;
+        let d_max = 0.5;
+        let n = 10000; // Number of samples
+        let num_bins = 20; // Number of bins for histogram
+        let mut bins = vec![0; num_bins];
+
+        // Generate a bunch of link distances
+        for _ in 0..n {
+            let d = random_link_distance(Distance::new(d_min)).as_f64();
+            let bin_index = ((d - d_min) / (d_max - d_min) * (num_bins as f64)).floor() as usize;
+            if bin_index < num_bins {
+                bins[bin_index] += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Perform chi-squared test
+        let expected_counts: Vec<_> = (0..num_bins)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let lower = d_min + (d_max - d_min) * (i as f64 / num_bins as f64);
+                let upper = d_min + (d_max - d_min) * ((i as f64 + 1.0) / num_bins as f64);
+                ((upper - lower) / (upper.powf(-1.0) - lower.powf(-1.0))).floor() * n as f64
+                    / num_bins as f64
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let chi_squared = expected_counts
+            .iter()
+            .zip(bins.iter())
+            .map(|(&e, &o)| ((o as f64 - e) * (o as f64 - e)) / e)
+            .sum::<f64>();
+
+        // Degrees of freedom is num_bins - 1
+        let dof = num_bins - 1;
+        let chi = ChiSquared::new(dof as f64).unwrap();
+
+        let p_value = 1.0 - chi.cdf(chi_squared);
+
+        // Check if p_value is above 0.05, indicating that we fail to reject the null hypothesis
+        assert!(
+            p_value > 0.05,
+            "Chi-squared test failed, p_value = {}",
+            p_value
+        );
+    }
+}