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grammar.php
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<?php echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>'; ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<?php/*
All code, unless otherwise indicated, is original, and subject to the terms of
the GNU GPLv3 or, at your option, any later version of the GPL.
All content is derived from public domain, promotional, or otherwise-compatible
sources and published uniformly under the
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license.
See license.README for details.
(C) Neil Tallim, 2009
*/?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Hymmnoserver - Grammar (Standard)</title>
<?php include 'common/resources.xml'; ?>
<style type="text/css">
td.hymmn1{
background-color: #BBFFBB;
}
td.hymmn2{
background-color: #BBBBFF;
}
td.kanji1{
background-color: #DDFFDD;
}
td.kanji2{
background-color: #DDDDFF;
}
td.kana{
background-color: #FFCCCC;
}
td.latin{
background-color: #FFEEEE;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<?php include 'common/header.xml'; ?>
<div class="text-basic">
<div class="section-title text-title-small">⠕ Features of the Hymmnos grammar</div>
<p>
Hymmnos, described as the "language of emotions", has, as its most prominent
feature, a sentence structure that focuses on expressing the speaker's feelings.
Because it is focused on the speaker's feelings, statements nominally flow from a
first-person perspective. As with so many other things, perhaps it will be easiest to
understand how Hymmnos differs from other languages by looking at an example:
</p>
<table style="text-align: center;">
<tr style="font-size: 12pt;">
<td class="hymmn1">Was</td>
<td class="hymmn1">yea</td>
<td class="hymmn1">ra</td>
<td class="hymmn2">chs</td>
<td class="hymmn2">hymmnos</td>
<td class="hymmn2">mea</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-weight: bold;">
<td class="kanji1" colspan="3">Emotion Sound</td>
<td class="kanji2">verb</td>
<td class="kanji2">object</td>
<td class="kanji2">object</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kanji1" colspan="3">great, enjoyable happiness<br/>(I am delighted)</td>
<td class="kanji2">become</td>
<td class="kanji2">song</td>
<td class="kanji2">me</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
This sample sentence means "I am delighted to express myself through song,"
conveyed with an expression of genuine joy by the speaker.
</p>
</div>
<div class="text-basic">
<div class="section-title text-title-small">⠕ Emotion Sounds</div>
<p>
The first three words in a phrase comprise an Emotion Sound; the meaning of these
three words are described in this section.
</p>
<p>
<span style="color: red;">[first : degree]</span>-<span style="color: green;">[second : nature]</span>-<span style="color: blue;">[third : desirability]</span>
</p>
<b>▼ First word</b><br/>
The first word in an Emotion Sound describes the degree of the speaker's emotion.
<table>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">Rrha</td>
<td class="latin">trance-like</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">Was</td>
<td class="latin">very much</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">Wee</td>
<td class="latin">reasonable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">Fou</td>
<td class="latin">a little</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">Ma</td>
<td class="latin">discretionary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">Nn</td>
<td class="latin">reluctant</td>
</tr>
</table><br/>
<b>▼ Second word</b><br/>
The second word describes the emotion being conveyed.
<table>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">i</td>
<td class="latin">impatient</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">yea</td>
<td class="latin">happy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">waa</td>
<td class="latin">happy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">paks</td>
<td class="latin">excited, nervous</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">num</td>
<td class="latin">nil</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">ki</td>
<td class="latin">focused, concentrating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">wol</td>
<td class="latin">fervourous</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">apea</td>
<td class="latin">blessed, bathed in happiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">au</td>
<td class="latin">sad</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">granme</td>
<td class="latin">wanting to protect, brave</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">touwaka</td>
<td class="latin">hopeful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">quel</td>
<td class="latin">eager, desperate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">yant</td>
<td class="latin">fearful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">guwo</td>
<td class="latin">angry, resentful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">jyel</td>
<td class="latin">lonely</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">zweie</td>
<td class="latin">determined, sincere</td>
</tr>
</table><br/>
<b>▼ Third word</b><br/>
The third word describes how desirable the speaker finds the context of the emotion.
<table>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">ga</td>
<td class="latin">I want this to stop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">ra</td>
<td class="latin">I want this to continue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">erra</td>
<td class="latin">I want this to continue forever</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">wa</td>
<td class="latin">I can tolerate this</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">gaya</td>
<td class="latin">I never want this to happen again</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana text-basic-bold">gagis</td>
<td class="latin">I am indifferent</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<span class="text-title-small"><Effects of Emotion Sounds></span><br/>
Even when speaking the same core sentence, the meaning conveyed by a speaker
whose emotional state is cool and collected may be wildly different from the
meaning conveyed by a speaker who indicates seething anger.
Some Hymmnos used to control Towers have different effects depending on the
Emotion Words with which they are spoken.
For example, a command used to open a door may receive a faster response if
the emotional context with which it is delivered indicates desperation rather
than calmness.
</p>
<div class="section-title text-title-small">⠕ Prescriptive syntax</div>
<p>
In the example above, although the word for "me" was used as a noun,
it was not an indicator of narrative perspective. The nominal form of Hymmnos
is first-person, which is logical because it is a language primarily centred
around conveying the emotions of its speaker. However, structures do exist
that allow statements to be expressed in terms of second- and third-person
narrative perspectives, and these will be discussed shortly.
</p>
<div style="padding-left: 10px;">
<div class="subsection-title text-title-small">General sentence structure</div>
<p>
<b>[Emotion Sound]-[verb]-[compound]</b> [VC]<br/>
<b>[Emotion Sound]-[verb]-[object]-[compound]</b> [VOC]<br/>
In our example sentence, "Was yea ra chs hymmnos mea," the Emotion
Sound is "Was yea ra," the verb is "chs," the first object is
"hymmnos," and the variable component is another object, "mea".
</p>
<p>
Compounds may be any structure satisfying [nil/O/VC/VOC], which means that sentences
may be infinitely long, provided they continue to make use of nested compounds.
</p>
</div>
<div style="padding-left: 10px;">
<div class="subsection-title text-title-small">External-perspective sentence structure</div>
<p>
<b>[Emotion Sound]-[verb]-rre-[subject]-[verb]-[compound]</b><br/>
<b>[Emotion Sound]-[verb]-rre-[subject]-[verb]-[object]-[compound]</b><br/>
In this case, the sentence structure is [VSV'C/VSV'OC].<br/><br/>
The first verb, [V], indicates the speaker's action, and the second verb, [V'], indicates
the subject's action.
</p>
<div style="padding-left: 10px;">
<div class="subsection-title text-title-small">"rre", the subject identifier</div>
<p>
Because Hymmnos does not nominally have an explicit subject, it has need of a special
subject-identifier; this identifier is "rre".
</p>
<p>
When "rre" appears before an object, that object becomes the subject of the
sentence. However, regardless of any shifts in subject, the sentence's Emotion Sound is
relative only to the speaker.
</p>
</div>
<div style="padding-left: 10px;">
<div class="subsection-title text-title-small">Pronoun alternatives to "rre"</div>
<p>
Subject-form pronouns may be used in place of a "rre-[subject]" component.
Hymmnos's pronouns extend those found in English by accounting for gender and quantity.
</p>
<table>
<tr class="text-title-small">
<td class="kana">Pronoun</td>
<td class="latin">Object form</td>
<td class="latin">Subject form</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana">you</td>
<td class="latin">yor</td>
<td class="latin">yorr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana">you (plural)</td>
<td class="latin">yora</td>
<td class="latin">yorra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana">he</td>
<td class="latin">hes</td>
<td class="latin">herr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana">they (masculine)</td>
<td class="latin">hers</td>
<td class="latin">herra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana">she</td>
<td class="latin">has</td>
<td class="latin">harr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="kana">they (feminine)</td>
<td class="latin">hars</td>
<td class="latin">harra</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>
This may be obvious, but no sentence may contain more than one subject, so "rre"
or its equivalents may appear only once, precluding changes of focus in compounds.
</p>
<p>
Historically, non-first-person sentences were not part of standard Hymmnos; it was not
until the formation of Central Standard Note that "rre" formally became part of
the language to further its communicability.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-basic">
<div class="section-title text-title-small">⠕ Persistent Emotion Sounds definition syntax</div>
<p>
This section describes a structure that allows an Emotion Sound to be applied to an arbitrarily
large collection of sentences. This is important because it prevents a speaker from having to
continually express their emotions before every sentence in a series of related statements,
such as a stanza in a hymn.
</p>
<!-- Be very, very careful when editing this block. Do not adjust the alignment
of these lines; they are offset by fake spaces, and writing inline CSS to
duplicate the effect would be very tedious -->
<p>
<b>Ma num ra 0x vvi.</b> [Emotion sound ("Ma num ra") BEGIN]<br/>
<b>・</b> [any number of sentences in Hymmnos]<br/>
<b>(Hymmnos sentence)</b><br/>
<b>・</b> [any number of sentences in Hymmnos]<br/>
<b>1x AAs ixi.</b> [END]
</p>
<p>
This means that, between the statements "0x vvi." and "1x AAs ixi.",
every sentence will bear the Emotion Sound "Ma num ra".
0 and 1 are, of course, binary flags; as qualified numbers, "0x" is pronounced as
"o ku", and, likewise, "1x" as "i ku".
</p>
</div>
<div class="text-basic">
<div class="section-title text-title-small">⠕ Variations on Emotion Sounds</div>
<div style="padding-left: 10px;">
<div class="subsection-title text-title-small">Emotionless sentences</div>
<p>
Emotion Sounds, and, optionally, the initial verb, may be omitted from sentences, even
when they are not part of a persistent Emotion Sound sequence, leading to [VC/VOC].<br/>
When Hymmnos is spoken in this manner, it will not be processed by Towers,
making it little more than a spoken, though highly melodious, language.
</p>
<p>
Emotionless sentences may adopt a subject other than the speaker if they are
presented in [SVC/SVOC] format. (In this case, the "rre" is optional)
</p>
</div>
<div style="padding-left: 10px;">
<div class="subsection-title text-title-small">Overriding Emotion Sounds</div>
<p>
Although sentences expressed within the context of a persistent Emotion Sound sequence
already bear Emotion Sounds by definition, it is possible to explicitly change the
Emotion Sound associated with a specific sentence by prefixing it with another;
explicitly specified Emotion Sounds always take priority.
Doing this saves the speaker the trouble of ending one persistent sequence for
a single sentence, only to have to begin another sequence immediately afterwards.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<?php include 'common/footer.xml'; ?>
</body>
</html>