json.go

package main

import "encoding/json"
import "fmt"
import "os"

// We’ll use these two structs to demonstrate
// encoding and decoding of custom types below.
type Response1 struct {
    Page   int
    Fruits []string
}

type Response2 struct {
    Page   int      `json:"page"`
    Fruits []string `json:"fruits"`
}

func main() {
    // First we’ll look at encoding basic data types to JSON strings.
    // Here are some examples for atomic values.
    bolB, _ := json.Marshal(true)
    fmt.Println(string(bolB))

    intB, _ := json.Marshal(1)
    fmt.Println(string(intB))
    
    fltB, _ := json.Marshal(2.34)
    fmt.Println(string(fltB))
    
    strB, _ := json.Marshal("gopher")
    fmt.Println(string(strB))

    // And here are some for slices and maps,
    // which encode to JSON arrays and objects as you’d expect.
    slcD := []string{"apple", "peach", "pear"}
    slcB, _ := json.Marshal(slcD)
    fmt.Println(string(slcB))

    mapD := map[string]int{"apple": 5, "lettuce": 7}
    mapB, _ := json.Marshal(mapD)
    fmt.Println(string(mapB))

    // The JSON package can automatically encode
    // your custom data types.
    // It will only include exported fields in
    // the encoded output and will by default
    // use those names as the JSON keys.
    res1D := &Response1{
        Page:   1,
        Fruits: []string{"apple", "peach", "pear"}}
    res1B, _ := json.Marshal(res1D)
    fmt.Println(string(res1B))

    // You can use tags on struct field declarations
    // to customize the encoded JSON key names.
    // Check the definition of Response2 
    // above to see an example of such tags.
    res2D := &Response2{
        Page:   1,
        Fruits: []string{"apple", "peach", "pear"}}
    res2B, _ := json.Marshal(res2D)
    fmt.Println(string(res2B))

    // Now let’s look at decoding JSON data into
    // Go values.
    // Here’s an example for a generic data structure.
    byt := []byte(`{"num":6.13,"strs":["a","b"]}`)

    // We need to provide a variable where
    // the JSON package can put the decoded data.
    // This map[string]interface{} will hold
    // a map of strings to arbitrary data types.
    var dat map[string]interface{}

    // Here’s the actual decoding,
    // and a check for associated errors.
    if err := json.Unmarshal(byt, &dat); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(dat)

    // In order to use the values in the decoded map,
    // we’ll need to cast them to their appropriate type.
    // For example here we cast the value
    // in num to the expected float64 type.
    num := dat["num"].(float64)
    fmt.Println(num)

    // Accessing nested data requires a series of casts.
    strs := dat["strs"].([]interface{})
    str1 := strs[0].(string)
    fmt.Println(str1)

    // We can also decode JSON into custom data types.
    // This has the advantages of adding additional 
    // type-safety to our programs and eliminating
    // the need for type assertions when accessing
    // the decoded data.
    str := `{"page": 1, "fruits": ["apple", "peach"]}`
    res := Response2{}
    json.Unmarshal([]byte(str), &res)
    fmt.Println(res)
    fmt.Println(res.Fruits[0])

    // In the examples above we always used bytes
    // and strings as intermediates between the data
    // and JSON representation on standard out.
    // We can also stream JSON encodings directly
    // to os.Writers like os.Stdout or even HTTP response bodies.
    enc := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
    d := map[string]int{"apple": 5, "lettuce": 7}
    enc.Encode(d)
}