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To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments

GitLab Flavored Markdown (GLFM) (FREE)

The abbreviation changed from GFM to GLFM in GitLab 14.10.

When you enter text in the GitLab UI, GitLab assumes the text is in the Markdown language. The text is rendered with a set of styles. These styles are called GitLab Flavored Markdown.

For example, in Markdown, an unordered list looks like this:

- Cat
- Dog
- Turtle

When this list is rendered, it looks like this:

  • Cat
  • Dog
  • Turtle

These styles are valid for GitLab only. The GitLab documentation website and the main GitLab website use Kramdown instead.

You should not view this page in the documentation, but instead view these styles as they appear on GitLab.

GitLab Flavored Markdown extends the CommonMark specification. It was inspired by GitHub Flavored Markdown.

Where you can use GitLab Flavored Markdown

You can use GitLab Flavored Markdown in the following areas:

  • Comments
  • Issues
  • Merge requests
  • Milestones
  • Snippets (the snippet must be named with a .md extension)
  • Wiki pages
  • Markdown documents inside repositories
  • Epics

You can also use other rich text files in GitLab. You might have to install a dependency to do so. For more information, see the gitlab-markup gem project.

Differences between GitLab Flavored Markdown and standard Markdown

GitLab uses standard CommonMark formatting. However, GitLab Flavored Markdown extends standard Markdown with features made specifically for GitLab.

Features not found in standard Markdown:

Features extended from standard Markdown:

Standard Markdown Extended Markdown in GitLab
blockquotes multi-line blockquotes
code blocks colored code and syntax highlighting
emphasis multiple underscores in words
headers linkable Header IDs
images embedded videos and audio
line breaks more line break control
links automatically linking URLs

Features not found in standard Markdown

The following features are not found in standard Markdown.

Colors

Markdown does not support changing text color.

You can write a color code in the formats: HEX, RGB, or HSL.

  • HEX: `#RGB[A]` or `#RRGGBB[AA]`
  • RGB: `RGB[A](R, G, B[, A])`
  • HSL: `HSL[A](H, S, L[, A])`

Named colors are not supported.

In the GitLab application (but not the GitLab documentation) color codes in backticks display a color chip next to the color code. For example:

- `#F00`
- `#F00A`
- `#FF0000`
- `#FF0000AA`
- `RGB(0,255,0)`
- `RGB(0%,100%,0%)`
- `RGBA(0,255,0,0.3)`
- `HSL(540,70%,50%)`
- `HSLA(540,70%,50%,0.3)`

View this topic in GitLab to see the color chips next to the color code:

  • #F00
  • #F00A
  • #FF0000
  • #FF0000AA
  • RGB(0,255,0)
  • RGB(0%,100%,0%)
  • RGBA(0,255,0,0.3)
  • HSL(540,70%,50%)
  • HSLA(540,70%,50%,0.3)

Diagrams and flowcharts

You can generate diagrams from text by using:

In wikis, you can also add and edit diagrams created with the diagrams.net editor.

Mermaid

Visit the official page for more details. The Mermaid Live Editor helps you learn Mermaid and debug issues in your Mermaid code. Use it to identify and resolve issues in your diagrams.

To generate a diagram or flowchart, write your text inside the mermaid block:

```mermaid
graph TD;
  A-->B;
  A-->C;
  B-->D;
  C-->D;
```
graph TD;
  A-->B;
  A-->C;
  B-->D;
  C-->D;
Loading

You can also include subgraphs:

```mermaid
graph TB

  SubGraph1 --> SubGraph1Flow
  subgraph "SubGraph 1 Flow"
  SubGraph1Flow(SubNode 1)
  SubGraph1Flow -- Choice1 --> DoChoice1
  SubGraph1Flow -- Choice2 --> DoChoice2
  end

  subgraph "Main Graph"
  Node1[Node 1] --> Node2[Node 2]
  Node2 --> SubGraph1[Jump to SubGraph1]
  SubGraph1 --> FinalThing[Final Thing]
end
```
graph TB

  SubGraph1 --> SubGraph1Flow
  subgraph "SubGraph 1 Flow"
  SubGraph1Flow(SubNode 1)
  SubGraph1Flow -- Choice1 --> DoChoice1
  SubGraph1Flow -- Choice2 --> DoChoice2
  end

  subgraph "Main Graph"
  Node1[Node 1] --> Node2[Node 2]
  Node2 --> SubGraph1[Jump to SubGraph1]
  SubGraph1 --> FinalThing[Final Thing]
end
Loading

PlantUML

PlantUML integration is enabled on GitLab.com. To make PlantUML available in self-managed installation of GitLab, a GitLab administrator must enable it.

Kroki

To make Kroki available in GitLab, a GitLab administrator must enable it. For more information, see the Kroki integration page.

Emoji

View this topic in GitLab.

::Tabs

:::TabTitle Rendered Markdown

Sometimes you want to :monkey: around a bit and add some :star2: to your :speech_balloon:. Well we have a gift for you:

:zap:You can use emoji anywhere GitLab Flavored Markdown is supported. :v:

You can use it to point out a :bug: or warn about :speak_no_evil: patches. If someone improves your really :snail: code, send them some :birthday:. People :heart: you for that.

If you're new to this, don't be :fearful:. You can join the emoji :family:. Just look up one of the supported codes.

Consult the Emoji Cheat Sheet for a list of all supported emoji codes. :thumbsup:

:::TabTitle Code

Sometimes you want to :monkey: around a bit and add some :star2: to your
:speech_balloon:. Well we have a gift for you:

:zap: You can use emoji anywhere GitLab Flavored Markdown is supported. :v:

You can use it to point out a :bug: or warn about :speak_no_evil: patches.
And if someone improves your really :snail: code, send them some :birthday:.
People :heart: you for that.

If you're new to this, don't be :fearful:. You can join the emoji :family:.
Just look up one of the supported codes.

Consult the [Emoji Cheat Sheet](https://www.webfx.com/tools/emoji-cheat-sheet/)
for a list of all supported emoji codes. :thumbsup:

::EndTabs

Emoji and your operating system

The previous emoji example uses hard-coded images. Rendered emoji in GitLab may be different depending on the OS and browser used.

Most emoji are natively supported on macOS, Windows, iOS, Android, and fall back on image-based emoji where there is no support.

On Linux, you can download Noto Color Emoji to get full native emoji support. Ubuntu 18.04 (like many modern Linux distributions) has this font installed by default.

To learn more about adding custom emoji, see Custom emoji.

Front matter

Front matter is metadata included at the beginning of a Markdown document, preceding the content. This data can be used by static site generators like Jekyll, Hugo, and many other applications.

When you view a Markdown file rendered by GitLab, front matter is displayed as-is, in a box at the top of the document. The HTML content displays after the front matter. To view an example, you can toggle between the source and rendered version of a GitLab documentation file.

In GitLab, front matter is used only in Markdown files and wiki pages, not the other places where Markdown formatting is supported. It must be at the very top of the document and must be between delimiters.

The following delimiters are supported:

  • YAML (---):

    ---
title: About Front Matter
example:
  language: yaml
---

  • TOML (+++):

    +++
title = "About Front Matter"
[example]
language = "toml"
+++

  • JSON (;;;):

    ;;;
{
  "title": "About Front Matter"
  "example": {
    "language": "json"
  }
}
;;;

Other languages are supported by adding a specifier to any of the existing delimiters. For example:

---php
$title = "About Front Matter";
$example = array(
  'language' => "php",
);
---

Inline diff

View this topic in GitLab.

With inline diff tags, you can display {+ additions +} or [- deletions -].

The wrapping tags can be either curly braces or square brackets:

- {+ addition 1 +}
- [+ addition 2 +]
- {- deletion 3 -}
- [- deletion 4 -]

Inline diff as rendered by the GitLab interface

However, you cannot mix the wrapping tags:

- {+ addition +]
- [+ addition +}
- {- deletion -]
- [- deletion -}

If your diff includes words in `code` font, make sure to escape each backtick ` with a backslash \. Otherwise the diff highlight does not render correctly:

- {+ Just regular text +}
- {+ Text with `backticks` inside +}
- {+ Text with escaped \`backticks\` inside +}

Inline diff with mixed formatting, as rendered by the GitLab interface

Math

  • LaTeX-compatible fencing introduced in GitLab 15.4 with a flag named markdown_dollar_math. Disabled by default. Enabled on GitLab.com.
  • LaTeX-compatible fencing generally available in GitLab 15.8. Feature flag markdown_dollar_math removed.

View this topic in GitLab.

Math written in LaTeX syntax is rendered with KaTeX. KaTeX only supports a subset of LaTeX. This syntax also works for the Asciidoctor :stem: latexmath. For details, see the Asciidoctor user manual.

To prevent malicious activity, GitLab renders only the first 50 inline math instances. The number of math blocks is also limited based on render time. If the limit is exceeded, GitLab renders the excess math instances as text.

Math written between dollar signs with backticks ($`...`$) or single dollar signs ($...$) is rendered inline with the text.

Math written between double dollar signs ($$...$$) or in a code block with the language declared as math is rendered on a separate line:

This math is inline: $`a^2+b^2=c^2`$.

This math is on a separate line using a ```` ```math ```` block:

```math
a^2+b^2=c^2
```

This math is on a separate line using inline `$$`: $$a^2+b^2=c^2$$

This math is on a separate line using a `$$...$$` block:

$$
a^2+b^2=c^2
$$

This math is inline: $a^2+b^2=c^2$.

This math is on a separate line using a ```math block:

$$a^2+b^2=c^2$$

This math is on a separate line using inline $$: $$a^2+b^2=c^2$$

This math is on a separate line using a $$...$$ block:

$$ a^2+b^2=c^2 $$

Task lists

Inapplicable checkboxes introduced in GitLab 15.3.

View this topic in GitLab.

You can add task lists anywhere Markdown is supported.

  • In issues, merge requests, and comments, you can select the boxes.
  • In all other places, you cannot select the boxes. You must edit the Markdown manually by adding or removing an x in the brackets.

Besides complete and incomplete, tasks can also be inapplicable. Selecting an inapplicable checkbox in an issue, merge request, or comment has no effect.

To create a task list, follow the format of an ordered or unordered list:

- [x] Completed task
- [~] Inapplicable task
- [ ] Incomplete task
  - [x] Sub-task 1
  - [~] Sub-task 2
  - [ ] Sub-task 3

1. [x] Completed task
1. [~] Inapplicable task
1. [ ] Incomplete task
   1. [x] Sub-task 1
   1. [~] Sub-task 2
   1. [ ] Sub-task 3

Task list as rendered by GitLab

Table of contents

A table of contents is an unordered list that links to subheadings in the document. You can add a table of contents to issues and merge requests, but you can't add one to notes or comments. Add either the [[_TOC_]] or [TOC] tag on its own line to the Description field of any of the supported content types:

  • Markdown files.
  • Wiki pages.
  • Issues.
  • Merge requests.
This sentence introduces my wiki page.

[[_TOC_]]

## My first heading

First section content.

## My second heading

Second section content.

Preview of an auto-generated table of contents in a Wiki

Wiki-specific Markdown

The following topics show how links inside wikis behave.

Wiki - direct page link

A direct page link includes the slug for a page that points to that page, at the base level of the wiki.

This example links to a documentation page at the root of your wiki:

[Link to Documentation](documentation)

Wiki - direct file link

A direct file link points to a file extension for a file, relative to the current page.

If the following example is on a page at <your_wiki>/documentation/related, it links to <your_wiki>/documentation/file.md:

[Link to File](file.md)

Wiki - hierarchical link

A hierarchical link can be constructed relative to the current wiki page by using ./<page>, ../<page>, and so on.

If this example is on a page at <your_wiki>/documentation/main, it links to <your_wiki>/documentation/related:

[Link to Related Page](related)

If this example is on a page at <your_wiki>/documentation/related/content, it links to <your_wiki>/documentation/main:

[Link to Related Page](../main)

If this example is on a page at <your_wiki>/documentation/main, it links to <your_wiki>/documentation/related.md:

[Link to Related Page](related.md)

If this example is on a page at <your_wiki>/documentation/related/content, it links to <your_wiki>/documentation/main.md:

[Link to Related Page](../main.md)

Wiki - root link

A root link starts with a / and is relative to the wiki root.

This example links to <wiki_root>/documentation:

[Link to Related Page](/documentation)

This example links to <wiki_root>/miscellaneous.md:

[Link to Related Page](/miscellaneous.md)

diagrams.net editor

Introduced in GitLab 15.10.

In wikis, you can use the diagrams.net editor to create diagrams. You can also edit diagrams created with the diagrams.net editor. The diagram editor is available in both the plain text editor and the rich text editor.

For more information, see Diagrams.net.

Plain text editor

To create a diagram in the plain text editor:

  1. In the editor's toolbar, select Insert or edit diagram ({diagram}).
  2. Use the diagrams.net editor to create the diagram.
  3. Select Save & exit.

A Markdown image reference to the diagram is inserted in the wiki content.

To edit a diagram in the plain text editor:

  1. Place the plain text editor's text field cursor in a Markdown image reference that contains the diagram.
  2. Select Insert or edit diagram ({diagram}) in the plain text editor.
  3. Use the diagrams.net editor to edit the diagram.
  4. Select Save & exit.

A Markdown image reference to the diagram is inserted in the wiki content, replacing the previous diagram.

Rich text editor

To create a diagram in the rich text editor:

  1. In the editor's toolbar, select More options ({plus}).
  2. In the dropdown list, select Create or edit diagram.
  3. Use the diagrams.net editor to create the diagram.
  4. Select Save & exit.

The diagram as visualized in the diagrams.net editor is inserted in the wiki content.

To edit a diagram in the rich text editor:

  1. Select the diagram that you want to edit.
  2. In the floating toolbar, select Edit diagram ({diagram}).
  3. Use the diagrams.net editor to edit the diagram.
  4. Select Save & exit.

The selected diagram is replaced with an updated version.

GitLab-specific references

GitLab Flavored Markdown renders GitLab-specific references. For example, you can reference an issue, a commit, a team member, or even an entire project team. GitLab Flavored Markdown turns that reference into a link so you can navigate between them. All references to projects should use the project slug rather than the project name.

Additionally, GitLab Flavored Markdown recognizes certain cross-project references and also has a shorthand version to reference other projects from the same namespace.

GitLab Flavored Markdown recognizes the following:

references input cross-project reference shortcut inside same namespace
specific user @user_name
specific group @group_name
entire team @all
project namespace/project>
issue #123 namespace/project#123 project#123
merge request !123 namespace/project!123 project!123
snippet $123 namespace/project$123 project$123
epic &123 group1/subgroup&123
iteration *iteration:"iteration title"
vulnerability 1 [vulnerability:123] [vulnerability:namespace/project/123] [vulnerability:project/123]
feature flag [feature_flag:123] [feature_flag:namespace/project/123] [feature_flag:project/123]
label by ID ~123 namespace/project~123 project~123
one-word label by name ~bug namespace/project~bug project~bug
multi-word label by name ~"feature request" namespace/project~"feature request" project~"feature request"
scoped label by name ~"priority::high" namespace/project~"priority::high" project~"priority::high"
project milestone by ID %123 namespace/project%123 project%123
one-word milestone by name %v1.23 namespace/project%v1.23 project%v1.23
multi-word milestone by name %"release candidate" namespace/project%"release candidate" project%"release candidate"
specific commit 9ba12248 namespace/project@9ba12248 project@9ba12248
commit range comparison 9ba12248...b19a04f5 namespace/[email protected] [email protected]
repository file references [README](doc/README.md)
repository file line references [README](doc/README.md#L13)
alert ^alert#123 namespace/project^alert#123 project^alert#123
contact [contact:[email protected]]
  1. Introduced in GitLab 13.7.

For example, referencing an issue by using #123 formats the output as a link to issue number 123 with text #123. Likewise, a link to issue number 123 is recognized and formatted with text #123. If you don't want #123 to link to an issue, add a leading backslash \#123.

In addition to this, links to some objects are also recognized and formatted. Some examples of these are:

  • Comments on issues: "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/1234#note_101075757", which are rendered as #1234 (comment 101075757)
  • The issues designs tab: "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/1234/designs", which are rendered as #1234 (designs).
  • Links to individual designs: "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/1234/designs/layout.png", which are rendered as #1234[layout.png].

Show the issue, merge request, or epic title in the reference

  • Support for issues, merge requests, and epics introduced in GitLab 14.6.
  • Support for work items introduced in GitLab 16.0.

To include the title in the rendered link of an issue, work item, merge request, or epic, add a plus (+) at the end of the reference. For example, a reference like #123+ is rendered as The issue title (#123).

URL references like https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/1234+ are also expanded.

Show the issue, work item or merge request summary in the reference

  • Support for issues and merge requests introduced in GitLab 15.10.
  • Support for work items introduced in GitLab 16.0.

To include an extended summary in the rendered link of an issue, work item, or merge request, add a +s at the end of the reference. Summary includes information about assignees, milestone and health status of referenced item.

For example, a reference like #123+s is rendered as The issue title (#123) • First Assignee, Second Assignee+ • v15.10 • Needs attention.

URL references like https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/1234+s are also expanded.

Embedding metrics

Metric charts can be embedded in GitLab Flavored Markdown. Read Embedding Metrics in GitLab flavored Markdown for more details.

Embedding Observability dashboards

You can embed GitLab Observability UI dashboards descriptions and comments, for example in epics, issues, and MRs.

To embed an Observability dashboard URL:

  1. In GitLab Observability UI, copy the URL in the address bar.

  2. Paste your link wherever you want to embed your dashboard. GitLab Flavored Markdown recognizes the URL and displays the source.

Features extended from standard Markdown

All standard Markdown formatting should work as expected in GitLab. Some standard functionality is extended with additional features, without affecting the standard usage. If a functionality is extended, the new option is listed as a sub-section.

Blockquotes

Use a blockquote to highlight information, such as a side note. It's generated by starting the lines of the blockquote with >:

> Blockquotes help you emulate reply text.
> This line is part of the same quote.

Quote break.

> This very long line is still quoted properly when it wraps. Keep writing to make sure this line is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. You can also *add* **Markdown** into a blockquote.

Blockquotes help you emulate reply text. This line is part of the same quote.

Quote break.

This very long line is still quoted properly when it wraps. Keep writing to make sure this line is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. You can also add Markdown into a blockquote.

Multiline blockquote

If this section isn't rendered correctly, view it in GitLab.

GitLab Flavored Markdown extends the standard Markdown by also supporting multi-line blockquotes fenced by >>>, with a blank line before and after the block:

>>>
If you paste a message from somewhere else

that spans multiple lines,

you can quote that without having to manually prepend `>` to every line!
>>>

If you paste a message from somewhere else

that spans multiple lines,

you can quote that without having to manually prepend > to every line!

Code spans and blocks

You can highlight anything that should be viewed as code and not standard text.

Inline code is highlighted with single backticks `:

Inline `code` has `back-ticks around` it.

Inline code has back-ticks around it.

To achieve a similar effect for a larger code example, you can:

  • Fence an entire block of code with triple backticks (```).
  • Fence an entire block of code with triple tildes (~~~).
  • Indent it four or more spaces.
```python
def function():
    #indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
    s = "Python code"
    print s
```

    Using 4 spaces
    is like using
    3-backtick fences.
~~~
Tildes are OK too.
~~~

The three examples above render as:

def function():
    #indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
    s = "Python code"
    print s
Using 4 spaces
is like using
3-backtick fences.

Tildes are OK too.

Colored code and syntax highlighting

If this section isn't rendered correctly, view it in GitLab.

GitLab uses the Rouge Ruby library for more colorful syntax highlighting in code blocks. For a list of supported languages visit the Rouge project wiki. Syntax highlighting is supported only in code blocks, so you can't highlight inline code.

To fence and apply syntax highlighting to a block of code, append the code language to the opening code declaration, three back-ticks (```) or three tildes (~~~):

```javascript
var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting";
alert(s);
```

```python
def function():
    #indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
    s = "Python syntax highlighting"
    print s
```

```ruby
require 'redcarpet'
markdown = Redcarpet.new("Hello World!")
puts markdown.to_html
```

```
No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.
s = "No highlighting is shown for this line."
But let's throw in a <b>tag</b>.
```

The four examples above render as:

var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting";
alert(s);
def function():
    #indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
    s = "Python syntax highlighting"
    print s
require 'redcarpet'
markdown = Redcarpet.new("Hello World!")
puts markdown.to_html
No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.
s = "No highlighting is shown for this line."
But let's throw in a <b>tag</b>.

Emphasis

In Markdown, you can emphasize text in multiple ways. You can italicize, bold, strikethrough, and combine these emphasis styles together. Strikethrough is not part of the core Markdown standard, but is part of GitLab Flavored Markdown.

Examples:

Emphasis, aka italics, with *asterisks* or _underscores_.

Strong emphasis, aka bold, with double **asterisks** or __underscores__.

Combined emphasis with **asterisks and _underscores_**.

Strikethrough uses two tildes. ~~Scratch this.~~

Emphasis, aka italics, with asterisks or underscores.

Strong emphasis, aka bold, with double asterisks or underscores.

Combined emphasis with asterisks and underscores.

Strikethrough uses two tildes. Scratch this.

Multiple underscores in words and mid-word emphasis

If this section isn't rendered correctly, view it in GitLab.

Avoid italicizing a portion of a word, especially when you're dealing with code and names that often appear with multiple underscores. GitLab Flavored Markdown extends the standard Markdown standard by ignoring multiple underlines in words, to allow better rendering of Markdown documents discussing code:

perform_complicated_task

do_this_and_do_that_and_another_thing

but_emphasis is_desired _here_

perform_complicated_task

do_this_and_do_that_and_another_thing

but_emphasis is_desired here

If you wish to emphasize only a part of a word, it can still be done with asterisks:

perform*complicated*task

do*this*and*do*that*and*another thing

performcomplicatedtask

dothisanddothatandanother thing

Footnotes

Footnotes add a link to a note that are rendered at the end of a Markdown file.

To make a footnote, you need both a reference tag and a separate line (anywhere in the file) with the note content.

Regardless of the tag names, the relative order of the reference tags determines the rendered numbering.

A footnote reference tag looks like this: [^1]

This reference tag is a mix of letters and numbers. [^footnote-42]

[^1]: This text is inside a footnote.

[^footnote-42]: This text is another footnote.

A footnote reference tag looks like this:1

This reference tag is a mix of letters and numbers.2

Headers

# H1
## H2
### H3
#### H4
##### H5
###### H6

Alternatively, for H1 and H2, an underline-ish style:

Alt-H1
======

Alt-H2
------

Header IDs and links

GitLab Flavored Markdown extends the standard Markdown standard so that all Markdown-rendered headers automatically get IDs, which can be linked to, except in comments.

On hover, a link to those IDs becomes visible to make it easier to copy the link to the header to use it somewhere else.

The IDs are generated from the content of the header according to the following rules:

  1. All text is converted to lowercase.
  2. All non-word text (such as punctuation or HTML) is removed.
  3. All spaces are converted to hyphens.
  4. Two or more hyphens in a row are converted to one.
  5. If a header with the same ID has already been generated, a unique incrementing number is appended, starting at 1.

Example:

# This header has spaces in it
## This header has a :thumbsup: in it
# This header has Unicode in it: 한글
## This header has spaces in it
### This header has spaces in it
## This header has 3.5 in it (and parentheses)

Would generate the following link IDs:

  1. this-header-has-spaces-in-it
  2. this-header-has-a-in-it
  3. this-header-has-unicode-in-it-한글
  4. this-header-has-spaces-in-it-1
  5. this-header-has-spaces-in-it-2
  6. this-header-has-3-5-in-it-and-parentheses

Emoji processing happens before the header IDs are generated. The emoji is converted to an image, which is then removed from the ID.

Horizontal Rule

Create a horizontal rule by using three or more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores:

Three or more hyphens,

---

asterisks,

***

or underscores

___

Images

Examples:

Inline-style (hover to see title text):

![alt text](img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text")

Reference-style (hover to see title text):

![alt text1][logo]

[logo]: img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text"

Inline-style (hover to see title text):

alt text

Reference-style (hover to see title text):

alt text

Change the image or video dimensions

You can control the width and height of an image or video by following the image with an attribute list. The value must an integer with a unit of either px (default) or %.

For example

![alt text](img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text"){width=100 height=100px}

![alt text](img/markdown_logo.png "Title Text"){width=75%}

alt text{width=100 height=100px}

You can also use the img HTML tag instead of Markdown and set its height and width parameters.

Videos

If this section isn't rendered correctly, view it in GitLab.

Image tags that link to files with a video extension are automatically converted to a video player. The valid video extensions are .mp4, .m4v, .mov, .webm, and .ogv:

Here's a sample video:

![Sample Video](img/markdown_video.mp4)

Here's a sample video:

Sample Video

Audio

If this section isn't rendered correctly, view it in GitLab.

Similar to videos, link tags for files with an audio extension are automatically converted to an audio player. The valid audio extensions are .mp3, .oga, .ogg, .spx, and .wav:

Here's a sample audio clip:

![Sample Audio](img/markdown_audio.mp3)

Here's a sample audio clip:

Sample Audio

Inline HTML

Allowing rel="license" introduced in GitLab 14.6.

To see the second example of Markdown rendered in HTML, view it in GitLab.

You can also use raw HTML in your Markdown, and it usually works pretty well.

See the documentation for HTML::Pipeline's SanitizationFilter class for the list of allowed HTML tags and attributes. In addition to the default SanitizationFilter allowlist, GitLab allows span, abbr, details and summary elements. rel="license" is allowed on links to support the Rel-License microformat and license attribution.

<dl>
  <dt>Definition list</dt>
  <dd>Is something people use sometimes.</dd>

  <dt>Markdown in HTML</dt>
  <dd>Does *not* work **very** well. HTML <em>tags</em> do <b>work</b>, in most cases.</dd>
</dl>
Definition list
Is something people use sometimes.
Markdown in HTML
Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags do work, in most cases.

It's still possible to use Markdown inside HTML tags, but only if the lines containing Markdown are separated into their own lines:

<dl>
  <dt>Markdown in HTML</dt>
  <dd>Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags work, in most cases.</dd>

  <dt>Markdown in HTML</dt>
  <dd>

  Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags work, in most cases.

  </dd>
</dl>
Markdown in HTML
Does *not* work **very** well. HTML tags work, in most cases.
Markdown in HTML

Does not work very well. HTML tags work, in most cases.

Collapsible section

To see the second Markdown example rendered in HTML, view it in GitLab.

Content can be collapsed using HTML's <details> and <summary> tags. For example, collapse a long log file so it takes up less screen space.

<p>
<details>
<summary>Click this to collapse/fold.</summary>

These details <em>remain</em> <strong>hidden</strong> until expanded.

<pre><code>PASTE LOGS HERE</code></pre>

</details>
</p>

Click this to collapse/fold.

These details remain hidden until expanded.

PASTE LOGS HERE

Markdown inside these tags is also supported.

Remember to leave a blank line before and after any Markdown sections, as shown in the example:

<details>
<summary>

Click this to _collapse/fold._

</summary>

These details _remain_ **hidden** until expanded.

```
PASTE LOGS HERE
```

</details>
Click this to collapse/fold.

These details remain hidden until expanded.

PASTE LOGS HERE

Line breaks

A line break is inserted (a new paragraph starts) if the previous text is ended with two newlines, like when you press Enter twice in a row. If you only use one newline (select Enter once), the next sentence remains part of the same paragraph. Use this approach if you want to keep long lines from wrapping, and keep them editable:

Here's a line for us to start with.

This longer line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it is a *separate paragraph*.

This line is also a separate paragraph, but...
These lines are only separated by single newlines,
so they *do not break* and just follow the previous lines
in the *same paragraph*.

Here's a line for us to start with.

This longer line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it is a separate paragraph.

This line is also a separate paragraph, but... These lines are only separated by single newlines, so they do not break and just follow the previous lines in the same paragraph.

Newlines

GitLab Flavored Markdown adheres to the Markdown specification for handling paragraphs and line breaks.

A paragraph is one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines (two newlines at the end of the first paragraph), as explained above.

Need more control over line breaks or soft returns? Add a single line break by ending a line with a backslash, or two or more spaces. Two newlines in a row create a new paragraph, with a blank line in between:

First paragraph.
Another line in the same paragraph.
A third line in the same paragraph, but this time ending with two spaces.{space}{space}
A new line directly under the first paragraph.

Second paragraph.
Another line, this time ending with a backslash.\
A new line due to the previous backslash.

Links

You can create links two ways: inline-style and reference-style. For example:

- This line shows an [inline-style link](https://www.google.com)
- This line shows a [link to a repository file in the same directory](permissions.md)
- This line shows a [relative link to a file one directory higher](../index.md)
- This line shows a [link that also has title text](https://www.google.com "This link takes you to Google!")

Using header ID anchors:

- This line links to [a section on a different Markdown page, using a "#" and the header ID](permissions.md#project-features-permissions)
- This line links to [a different section on the same page, using a "#" and the header ID](#header-ids-and-links)

Using references:

- This line shows a [reference-style link, see below][Arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]
- You can [use numbers for reference-style link definitions, see below][1]
- Or leave it empty and use the [link text itself][], see below.

Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.

[arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/
[1]: https://slashdot.org
[link text itself]: https://www.reddit.com

Using header ID anchors:

Using references:

Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.

NOTE: Relative links do not allow the referencing of project files in a wiki page, or a wiki page in a project file. The reason: a wiki is always in a separate Git repository in GitLab. For example, [I'm a reference-style link](style) points the link to wikis/style only when the link is inside of a wiki Markdown file.

URL auto-linking

GitLab Flavored Markdown auto-links almost any URL you put into your text:

- https://www.google.com
- https://www.google.com
- ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
- smb://foo/bar/baz
- irc://irc.freenode.net/
- http://localhost:3000

Lists

You can create ordered and unordered lists.

For an ordered list, add the number you want the list to start with, like 1., followed by a space, at the start of each line for ordered lists. After the first number, it does not matter what number you use. Ordered lists are numbered automatically by vertical order, so repeating 1. for all items in the same list is common. If you start with a number other than 1., it uses that as the first number, and counts up from there.

Examples:

1. First ordered list item
2. Another item
   - Unordered sub-list.
1. Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number
   1. Ordered sub-list
   1. Next ordered sub-list item
4. And another item.
  1. First ordered list item
  2. Another item
    • Unordered sub-list.
  3. Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number
    1. Ordered sub-list
    2. Next ordered sub-list item
  4. And another item.

For an unordered list, add a -, * or +, followed by a space, at the start of each line for unordered lists, but you should not use a mix of them.

Unordered lists can:

- use
- minuses

They can also:

* use
* asterisks

They can even:

+ use
+ pluses

Unordered lists can:

  • use
  • minuses

They can also:

  • use
  • asterisks

They can even:

  • use
  • pluses

If a list item contains multiple paragraphs, each subsequent paragraph should be indented to the same level as the start of the list item text.

Example:

1. First ordered list item

   Second paragraph of first item.

1. Another item

  1. First ordered list item

    Second paragraph of first item.

  2. Another item

If the first item's paragraph isn't indented with the proper number of spaces, the paragraph appears outside the list, instead of properly indented under the list item. For example:

1. First ordered list item

  Paragraph of first item.

1. Another item
  1. First ordered list item

Paragraph of first item.

  1. Another item

Ordered lists that are the first sub-item of an unordered list item must have a preceding blank line if they don't start with 1..

Good

- Unordered list item

  5. First ordered list item

Bad

- Unordered list item
  5. First ordered list item

CommonMark ignores blank lines between ordered and unordered list items, and considers them part of a single list. These are rendered as a loose list. Each list item is enclosed in a paragraph tag and, therefore, has paragraph spacing and margins. This makes the list look like there is extra spacing between each item.

For example:

- First list item
- Second list item

- A different list

CommonMark ignores the blank line and renders this as one list with paragraph spacing.

Superscripts / Subscripts

CommonMark and GitLab Flavored Markdown don't support the Redcarpet superscript syntax ( x^2 ). Use the standard HTML syntax for superscripts and subscripts:

The formula for water is H<sub>2</sub>O
while the equation for the theory of relativity is E = mc<sup>2</sup>.

The formula for water is H2O while the equation for the theory of relativity is E = mc2.

Keyboard HTML tag

The <kbd> element is used to identify text that represents user keyboard input. Text surrounded by <kbd> tags is typically displayed in the browser's default monospace font.

Press <kbd>Enter</kbd> to go to the next page.

Press Enter to go to the next page.

Tables

Tables are not part of the core Markdown specification, but are part of GitLab Flavored Markdown.

Markdown

  1. The first line contains the headers, separated by "pipes" (|).
  2. The second line separates the headers from the cells.
    • The cells can contain only empty spaces, hyphens, and (optionally) colons for horizontal alignment.
    • Each cell must contain at least one hyphen, but adding more hyphens to a cell does not change the cell's rendering.
    • Any content other than hyphens, whitespace, or colons is not allowed
  3. The third, and any following lines, contain the cell values.
    • You can't have cells separated over many lines in the Markdown, they must be kept to single lines, but they can be very long. You can also include HTML <br> tags to force newlines if needed.
    • The cell sizes don't have to match each other. They are flexible, but must be separated by pipes (|).
    • You can have blank cells.
  4. Column widths are calculated dynamically based on the content of the cells.
  5. To use the pipe character (|) in the text and not as table delimiter, you must escape it with a backslash (\|).

Example:

| header 1 | header 2 | header 3 |
| ---      | ---      | ---      |
| cell 1   | cell 2   | cell 3   |
| cell 4 | cell 5 is longer | cell 6 is much longer than the others, but that's ok. It eventually wraps the text when the cell is too large for the display size. |
| cell 7   |          | cell 9   |
header 1 header 2 header 3
cell 1 cell 2 cell 3
cell 4 cell 5 is longer cell 6 is much longer than the others, but that's ok. It eventually wraps the text when the cell is too large for the display size.
cell 7 cell 9

Additionally, you can choose the alignment of text in columns by adding colons (:) to the sides of the "dash" lines in the second row. This affects every cell in the column:

| Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned |
| :---         | :---:    | ---:          |
| Cell 1       | Cell 2   | Cell 3        |
| Cell 4       | Cell 5   | Cell 6        |
Left Aligned Centered Right Aligned
Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3
Cell 4 Cell 5 Cell 6

In GitLab itself, the headers are always left-aligned in Chrome and Firefox, and centered in Safari.

You can use HTML formatting to adjust the rendering of tables. For example, you can use <br> tags to force a cell to have multiple lines:

| Name | Details |
| ---  | ---     |
| Item1 | This text is on one line |
| Item2 | This item has:<br>- Multiple items<br>- That we want listed separately |
Name Details
Item1 This text is on one line
Item2 This item has:
- Multiple items
- That we want listed separately

You can use HTML formatting in GitLab itself to add task lists with checkboxes, but they do not render properly on docs.gitlab.com. These tasks will not save their state when selected, like regular GitLab task lists.

| header 1 | header 2 |
| ---      | ---      |
| cell 1   | cell 2   |
| cell 3   | <ul><li> - [ ] Task one </li><li> - [ ] Task two </li></ul> |

To have fully functioning task lists in a table, create an HTML table with Markdown in the cells:

<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>header 1</th><th>header 2</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>cell 1</td>
<td>cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cell 3</td>
<td>

- [ ] Task one
- [ ] Task two

</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Copy and paste from a spreadsheet

Introduced in GitLab 12.7.

If you're working in spreadsheet software (for example, Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, or Apple Numbers), GitLab creates a Markdown table when you copy and paste from a spreadsheet. For example, suppose you have the following spreadsheet:

Copy from spreadsheet

Select the cells and copy them to your clipboard. Open a GitLab Markdown entry and paste the spreadsheet:

Paste to Markdown table

JSON

Introduced in GitLab 15.3.

To render tables with JSON code blocks, use the following syntax:

```json:table
{}
```

Watch the following video walkthrough of this feature:

<iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/12yWKw1AdKY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen> </iframe>

The items attribute is a list of objects representing the data points.

```json:table
{
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"}
    ]
}
```

To specify the table labels, use the fields attribute.

```json:table
{
    "fields" : ["a", "b", "c"],
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"}
    ]
}
```

Not all elements of items must have corresponding values in fields.

```json:table
{
    "fields" : ["a", "b", "c"],
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"},
      {"a": "211", "c": "233"}
    ]
}
```

When fields is not explicitly specified, the labels are picked from the first element of items.

```json:table
{
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"},
      {"a": "211", "c": "233"}
    ]
}
```

You can specify custom labels for fields.

```json:table
{
    "fields" : [
        {"key": "a", "label": "AA"},
        {"key": "b", "label": "BB"},
        {"key": "c", "label": "CC"}
    ],
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"},
      {"a": "211", "b": "222", "c": "233"}
    ]
}
```

You can enable sorting for individual elements of fields.

```json:table
{
    "fields" : [
        {"key": "a", "label": "AA", "sortable": true},
        {"key": "b", "label": "BB"},
        {"key": "c", "label": "CC"}
    ],
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"},
      {"a": "211", "b": "222", "c": "233"}
    ]
}
```

You can use the filter attribute to render a table with content filtered dynamically by user input.

```json:table
{
    "fields" : [
        {"key": "a", "label": "AA"},
        {"key": "b", "label": "BB"},
        {"key": "c", "label": "CC"}
    ],
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"},
      {"a": "211", "b": "222", "c": "233"}
    ],
    "filter" : true
}
```

By default, every JSON table has the caption Generated with JSON data. You can override this caption by specifying the caption attribute.

```json:table
{
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"}
    ],
    "caption" : "Custom caption"
}
```

If JSON is invalid, an error occurs.

```json:table
{
    "items" : [
      {"a": "11", "b": "22", "c": "33"}
    ],
}
```

References

Footnotes

  1. This text is inside a footnote. ↩

  2. This text is another footnote. ↩