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stage group info
Deploy
Environments
To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments

CI/CD variables

Use CI/CD variables to set up the Auto DevOps domain, provide a custom Helm chart, or scale your application.

Build and deployment variables

Use these variables to customize and deploy your build.

CI/CD variable Description
ADDITIONAL_HOSTS Fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts.
<ENVIRONMENT>_ADDITIONAL_HOSTS For a specific environment, the fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts. This takes precedence over ADDITIONAL_HOSTS.
AUTO_BUILD_IMAGE_VERSION Customize the image version used for the build job. See list of versions.
AUTO_DEPLOY_IMAGE_VERSION Customize the image version used for Kubernetes deployment jobs. See list of versions.
AUTO_DEVOPS_ATOMIC_RELEASE As of GitLab 13.0, Auto DevOps uses --atomic for Helm deployments by default. Set this variable to false to disable the use of --atomic
AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_CNB_ENABLED Set to false to use Herokuish instead of Cloud Native Buildpacks with Auto Build. More details.
AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_CNB_BUILDER The builder used when building with Cloud Native Buildpacks. The default builder is heroku/buildpacks:18. More details.
AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS Extra arguments to be passed to the docker build command. Using quotes doesn't prevent word splitting. More details.
AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES A comma-separated list of CI/CD variable names to be forwarded to the build environment (the buildpack builder or docker build).
AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_CNB_PORT In GitLab 15.0 and later, port exposed by the generated Docker image. Set to false to prevent exposing any ports. Defaults to 5000.
AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART Helm Chart used to deploy your apps. Defaults to the one provided by GitLab.
AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY Helm Chart repository used to search for charts. Defaults to https://charts.gitlab.io.
AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_NAME Used to set the name of the Helm repository. Defaults to gitlab.
AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME Used to set a username to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD.
AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD Used to set a password to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME.
AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASS_CREDENTIALS From GitLab 14.2, set to a non-empty value to enable forwarding of the Helm repository credentials to the chart server when the chart artifacts are on a different host than repository.
AUTO_DEVOPS_COMMON_NAME From GitLab 15.5, set to a valid domain name to customize the common name used for the TLS certificate. Defaults to le-$CI_PROJECT_ID.$KUBE_INGRESS_BASE_DOMAIN. Set to false to not set this alternative host on the Ingress.
AUTO_DEVOPS_DEPLOY_DEBUG From GitLab 13.1, if this variable is present, Helm outputs debug logs.
AUTO_DEVOPS_ALLOW_TO_FORCE_DEPLOY_V<N> From auto-deploy-image v1.0.0, if this variable is present, a new major version of chart is forcibly deployed. For more information, see Ignore warnings and continue deploying.
BUILDPACK_URL A full Buildpack URL. Must point to a URL supported by Pack or Herokuish.
CANARY_ENABLED Used to define a deploy policy for canary environments.
BUILDPACK_VOLUMES Specify one or more Buildpack volumes to mount. Use a pipe `
CANARY_PRODUCTION_REPLICAS Number of canary replicas to deploy for Canary Deployments in the production environment. Takes precedence over CANARY_REPLICAS. Defaults to 1.
CANARY_REPLICAS Number of canary replicas to deploy for Canary Deployments. Defaults to 1.
CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY The repository of container image being built or deployed, $CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:$CI_APPLICATION_TAG. For more details, read Custom container image.
CI_APPLICATION_TAG The tag of the container image being built or deployed, $CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:$CI_APPLICATION_TAG. For more details, read Custom container image.
DAST_AUTO_DEPLOY_IMAGE_VERSION Customize the image version used for DAST deployments on the default branch. Should usually be the same as AUTO_DEPLOY_IMAGE_VERSION. See list of versions.
DOCKERFILE_PATH From GitLab 13.2, allows overriding the default Dockerfile path for the build stage
HELM_RELEASE_NAME Allows the helm release name to be overridden. Can be used to assign unique release names when deploying multiple projects to a single namespace.
HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE Allows the helm upgrade values file to be overridden. Defaults to .gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml.
HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS Allows extra options in helm upgrade commands when deploying the application. Using quotes doesn't prevent word splitting.
INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE If present, can be used to enable an incremental rollout of your application for the production environment. Set to manual for manual deployment jobs or timed for automatic rollout deployments with a 5 minute delay each one.
K8S_SECRET_* Any variable prefixed with K8S_SECRET_ is made available by Auto DevOps as environment variables to the deployed application.
KUBE_CONTEXT From GitLab 14.5, can be used to select a context to use from KUBECONFIG. When KUBE_CONTEXT is blank, the default context in KUBECONFIG (if any) is used. A context must be selected when used with the agent for Kubernetes.
KUBE_INGRESS_BASE_DOMAIN Can be used to set a domain per cluster. See cluster domains for more information.
KUBE_NAMESPACE The namespace used for deployments. When using certificate-based clusters, this value should not be overwritten directly.
KUBECONFIG The kubeconfig to use for deployments. User-provided values take priority over GitLab-provided values.
PRODUCTION_REPLICAS Number of replicas to deploy in the production environment. Takes precedence over REPLICAS and defaults to 1. For zero downtime upgrades, set to 2 or greater.
REPLICAS Number of replicas to deploy. Defaults to 1. Change this variable instead of modifying replicaCount.
ROLLOUT_RESOURCE_TYPE Allows specification of the resource type being deployed when using a custom Helm chart. Default value is deployment.
ROLLOUT_STATUS_DISABLED Used to disable rollout status check because it does not support all resource types, for example, cronjob.
STAGING_ENABLED Used to define a deploy policy for staging and production environments.
TRACE Set to any value to make Helm commands produce verbose output. You can use this setting to help diagnose Auto DevOps deployment problems.

Database variables

WARNING: From GitLab 16.0, POSTGRES_ENABLED is no longer set by default.

Use these variables to integrate CI/CD with PostgreSQL databases.

CI/CD variable Description
DB_INITIALIZE Used to specify the command to run to initialize the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod.
DB_MIGRATE Used to specify the command to run to migrate the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod.
POSTGRES_ENABLED Whether PostgreSQL is enabled. Set to true to enable the automatic deployment of PostgreSQL.
POSTGRES_USER The PostgreSQL user. Defaults to user. Set it to use a custom username.
POSTGRES_PASSWORD The PostgreSQL password. Defaults to testing-password. Set it to use a custom password.
POSTGRES_DB The PostgreSQL database name. Defaults to the value of $CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG. Set it to use a custom database name.
POSTGRES_VERSION Tag for the postgres Docker image to use. Defaults to 9.6.16 for tests and deployments as of GitLab 13.0 (previously 9.6.2). If AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_CHANNEL is set to 1, deployments uses the default version 9.6.2.
POSTGRES_HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE In GitLab 13.8 and later, and when using auto-deploy-image v2, this variable allows the helm upgrade values file for PostgreSQL to be overridden. Defaults to .gitlab/auto-deploy-postgres-values.yaml.
POSTGRES_HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS In GitLab 13.8 and later, and when using auto-deploy-image v2, this variable allows extra PostgreSQL options in helm upgrade commands when deploying the application. Using quotes doesn't prevent word splitting.
POSTGRES_CHART_REPOSITORY Helm Chart repository used to search for PostgreSQL chart. Defaults to https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitnami/charts/eb5f9a9513d987b519f0ecd732e7031241c50328/bitnami.
POSTGRES_CHART_VERSION Helm Chart version used for PostgreSQL chart. Defaults to 8.2.1.

Job-disabling variables

Use these variables to disable CI/CD jobs.

Job name CI/CD variable GitLab version Description
.fuzz_base COVFUZZ_DISABLED From GitLab 13.2 Read more about how .fuzz_base provide capability for your own jobs. The job isn't created if the value is "true".
apifuzzer_fuzz API_FUZZING_DISABLED From GitLab 13.3 The job isn't created if the value is "true".
build BUILD_DISABLED If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
build_artifact BUILD_DISABLED If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
brakeman-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
canary CANARY_ENABLED This manual job is created if the variable is present.
code_intelligence CODE_INTELLIGENCE_DISABLED From GitLab 13.6 If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
code_quality CODE_QUALITY_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
container_scanning CONTAINER_SCANNING_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
dast DAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
dast_environment_deploy DAST_DISABLED_FOR_DEFAULT_BRANCH or DAST_DISABLED From GitLab 12.4 The job isn't created if the value is "true".
dependency_scanning DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
flawfinder-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
gemnasium-dependency_scanning DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
gemnasium-maven-dependency_scanning DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
gemnasium-python-dependency_scanning DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
kubesec-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
license_management LICENSE_MANAGEMENT_DISABLED GitLab 12.7 and earlier If the variable is present, the job isn't created. Job deprecated from GitLab 12.8
license_scanning LICENSE_MANAGEMENT_DISABLED From GitLab 12.8 The job isn't created if the value is "true".
load_performance LOAD_PERFORMANCE_DISABLED From GitLab 13.2 If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
nodejs-scan-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
performance PERFORMANCE_DISABLED GitLab 13.12 and earlier Browser performance. If the variable is present, the job isn't created. Replaced by browser_performance.
browser_performance BROWSER_PERFORMANCE_DISABLED From GitLab 14.0 Browser performance. If the variable is present, the job isn't created. Replaces performance.
phpcs-security-audit-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
pmd-apex-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
review REVIEW_DISABLED If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
review:stop REVIEW_DISABLED Manual job. If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
secret_detection SECRET_DETECTION_DISABLED From GitLab 13.1 The job isn't created if the value is "true".
secret_detection_default_branch SECRET_DETECTION_DISABLED From GitLab 13.2 The job isn't created if the value is "true".
semgrep-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
sobelow-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
stop_dast_environment DAST_DISABLED_FOR_DEFAULT_BRANCH or DAST_DISABLED From GitLab 12.4 The job isn't created if the value is "true".
spotbugs-sast SAST_DISABLED The job isn't created if the value is "true".
test TEST_DISABLED If the variable is present, the job isn't created.
staging STAGING_ENABLED The job is created if the variable is present.
stop_review REVIEW_DISABLED If the variable is present, the job isn't created.

Configure application secret variables

Some deployed applications require access to secret variables. Auto DevOps detects CI/CD variables starting with K8S_SECRET_, and makes them available to the deployed application as environment variables.

Prerequisite:

  • The variable value must be a single line.

To configure secret variables:

  1. On the left sidebar, at the top, select Search GitLab ({search}) to find your project.
  2. Select Settings > CI/CD.
  3. Expand Variables.
  4. Create a CI/CD variable with the prefix K8S_SECRET_. For example, you can create a variable called K8S_SECRET_RAILS_MASTER_KEY.
  5. Run an Auto DevOps pipeline, either by manually creating a new pipeline or by pushing a code change to GitLab.

Kubernetes secrets

Auto DevOps pipelines use your application secret variables to populate a Kubernetes secret. This secret is unique per environment. When deploying your application, the secret is loaded as environment variables in the container running the application. For example, if you create a secret called K8S_SECRET_RAILS_MASTER_KEY, your Kubernetes secret might look like:

$ kubectl get secret production-secret -n minimal-ruby-app-54 -o yaml

apiVersion: v1
data:
  RAILS_MASTER_KEY: MTIzNC10ZXN0
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2018-12-20T01:48:26Z
  name: production-secret
  namespace: minimal-ruby-app-54
  resourceVersion: "429422"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/minimal-ruby-app-54/secrets/production-secret
  uid: 57ac2bfd-03f9-11e9-b812-42010a9400e4
type: Opaque

Update application secrets

Environment variables are generally immutable in a Kubernetes pod. If you update an application secret and then manually create a new pipeline, running applications do not receive the updated secret.

To update application secrets, either:

  • Push a code update to GitLab to force the Kubernetes deployment to recreate pods.
  • Manually delete running pods to cause Kubernetes to create new pods with updated secrets.

Variables with multi-line values are not supported due to limitations with the Auto DevOps scripting environment.

Configure replica variables

Add replica variables when you want to scale your deployments:

  1. Add a replica variable as a project CI/CD variable.

  2. To scale your application, redeploy it.

    WARNING: Do not scale your application using Kubernetes directly. Helm might not detect the change, and subsequent deployments with Auto DevOps can undo your changes.

Custom replica variables

You can create custom replica variables with the format <TRACK>_<ENV>_REPLICAS:

  • <TRACK> is the all-caps value of the track Kubernetes label set in the Helm Chart app definition. If track is not set, omit <TRACK> from the custom variable.
  • <ENV> is the all-caps environment name of the deploy job set in .gitlab-ci.yml.

For example, if the environment is qa and the track is foo, create an environment variable called FOO_QA_REPLICAS:

QA testing:
  stage: deploy
  environment:
    name: qa
  script:
    - deploy foo

The track foo must be defined in the application's Helm chart. For example:

replicaCount: 1
image:
  repository: gitlab.example.com/group/project
  tag: stable
  pullPolicy: Always
  secrets:
    - name: gitlab-registry
application:
  track: foo
  tier: web
service:
  enabled: true
  name: web
  type: ClusterIP
  url: http://my.host.com/
  externalPort: 5000
  internalPort: 5000

Deploy policy for staging and production environments

Auto DevOps typically uses continuous deployment, and pushes automatically to the production environment whenever a new pipeline runs on the default branch. To deploy to production manually, you can use the STAGING_ENABLED CI/CD variable.

If you set STAGING_ENABLED, GitLab automatically deploys the application to a staging environment. When you're ready to deploy to production, GitLab creates a production_manual job.

You can also enable manual deployment in your project settings.

Deploy policy for canary environments (PREMIUM)

You can use a canary environment before deploying any changes to production.

If you set CANARY_ENABLED, GitLab creates two manual jobs:

  • canary - Deploys the application to the canary environment.
  • production_manual - Deploys the application to production.

Incremental rollout to production (PREMIUM)

Use an incremental rollout to continuously deploy your application, starting with only a few pods. You can increase the number of pods manually.

You can enable manual deployment in your project settings, or by setting INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE to manual.

If you set INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE to manual, GitLab creates four manual jobs:

  1. rollout 10%
  2. rollout 25%
  3. rollout 50%
  4. rollout 100%

The percentage is based on the REPLICAS CI/CD variable, and defines the number of pods used for deployment. For example, if the value is 10 and you run the 10% rollout job, your application is deployed to only one pod.

You can run the rollout jobs in any order. To scale down, rerun a lower percentage job.

After you run the rollout 100% job, you cannot scale down, and must roll back your deployment.

Example incremental rollout configurations

Without INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE and without STAGING_ENABLED:

Staging and rollout disabled

Without INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE and with STAGING_ENABLED:

Staging enabled

With INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE set to manual and without STAGING_ENABLED:

Rollout enabled

With INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE set to manual and with STAGING_ENABLED:

Rollout and staging enabled

Timed incremental rollout to production (PREMIUM)

Use a timed incremental rollout to continuously deploy your application, starting with only a few pods.

You can enable timed incremental deployment in your project settings, or by setting the INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE CI/CD variable to timed.

If you set INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE to timed, GitLab creates four jobs:

  1. timed rollout 10%
  2. timed rollout 25%
  3. timed rollout 50%
  4. timed rollout 100%

There is a five-minute delay between jobs.