diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 29fcdeef..68460d1a 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
 
 group :development, :test do
   gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.6.0'
+  gem 'factory_bot_rails', '~> 4.10.0'
   gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
   gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13.0'
   gem 'selenium-webdriver'
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 45f1595d..bdec2ffd 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ GEM
     diff-lcs (1.3)
     erubi (1.7.1)
     execjs (2.7.0)
+    factory_bot (4.10.0)
+      activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
+    factory_bot_rails (4.10.0)
+      factory_bot (~> 4.10.0)
+      railties (>= 3.0.0)
     faker (1.7.3)
       i18n (~> 0.5)
     ffi (1.9.18)
@@ -235,6 +240,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   capybara (~> 2.13.0)
   coffee-rails (~> 4.2)
   devise
+  factory_bot_rails (~> 4.10.0)
   faker
   geocoder
   jbuilder (~> 2.5)
diff --git a/config/application.rb b/config/application.rb
index 6ea74494..c6e90abb 100644
--- a/config/application.rb
+++ b/config/application.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ class Application < Rails::Application
 
     config.generators do |g|
       g.test_framework :rspec,
-        fixtures: false,
         view_specs: false,
         helper_specs: false,
         routing_specs: false
diff --git a/spec/factories/notes.rb b/spec/factories/notes.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06d32ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/notes.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :note do
+    message "My important note."
+    association :project
+    user { project.owner }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/projects.rb b/spec/factories/projects.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa7ce3c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/projects.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :project do
+    sequence(:name) { |n| "Project #{n}" }
+    description "A test project."
+    due_on 1.week.from_now
+    association :owner
+
+    trait :with_notes do
+      after(:create) { |project| create_list(:note, 5, project: project) }
+    end
+
+    trait :due_yesterday do
+      due_on 1.day.ago
+    end
+
+    trait :due_today do
+      due_on Date.current.in_time_zone
+    end
+
+    trait :due_tomorrow do
+      due_on 1.day.from_now
+    end
+
+    # Factory inheritance examples ...
+    #
+    # factory :project_due_yesterday do
+    #   due_on 1.day.ago
+    # end
+    #
+    # factory :project_due_today do
+    #   due_on Date.current.in_time_zone
+    # end
+    #
+    # factory :project_due_tomorrow do
+    #   due_on 1.day.from_now
+    # end
+  end
+
+  # Non-DRY versions ...
+  #
+  # factory :project_due_yesterday, class: Project do
+  #   sequence(:name) { |n| "Test Project #{n}" }
+  #   description "Sample project for testing purposes"
+  #   due_on 1.day.ago
+  #   association :owner
+  # end
+  #
+  # factory :project_due_today, class: Project do
+  #   sequence(:name) { |n| "Test Project #{n}" }
+  #   description "Sample project for testing purposes"
+  #   due_on Date.today
+  #   association :owner
+  # end
+  #
+  # factory :project_due_tomorrow, class: Project do
+  #   sequence(:name) { |n| "Test Project #{n}" }
+  #   description "Sample project for testing purposes"
+  #   due_on 1.day.from_now
+  #   association :owner
+  # end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/users.rb b/spec/factories/users.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff172d27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/users.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :user, aliases: [:owner] do
+    first_name "Aaron"
+    last_name  "Sumner"
+    sequence(:email) { |n| "tester#{n}@example.com" }
+    password "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/project_spec.rb b/spec/models/project_spec.rb
index 13b610ee..8adf092f 100644
--- a/spec/models/project_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/project_spec.rb
@@ -46,4 +46,26 @@
 
     expect(other_project).to be_valid
   end
+
+  describe "late status" do
+    it "is late when the due date is past today" do
+      project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :due_yesterday)
+      expect(project).to be_late
+    end
+
+    it "is on time when the due date is today" do
+      project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :due_today)
+      expect(project).to_not be_late
+    end
+
+    it "is on time when the due date is in the future" do
+      project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :due_tomorrow)
+      expect(project).to_not be_late
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "can have many notes" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :with_notes)
+    expect(project.notes.length).to eq 5
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
index 02097563..4ce9e26e 100644
--- a/spec/models/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 RSpec.describe User, type: :model do
+  it "has a valid factory" do
+    expect(FactoryBot.build(:user)).to be_valid
+  end
+
   it "is valid with a first name, last name and email, and password" do
     user = User.new(
       first_name: "Aaron",
@@ -12,46 +16,32 @@
   end
 
   it "is invalid without a first name" do
-    user = User.new(first_name: nil)
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, first_name: nil)
     user.valid?
     expect(user.errors[:first_name]).to include("can't be blank")
   end
 
   it "is invalid without a last name" do
-    user = User.new(last_name: nil)
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, last_name: nil)
     user.valid?
     expect(user.errors[:last_name]).to include("can't be blank")
   end
 
   it "is invalid without an email address" do
-    user = User.new(email: nil)
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, email: nil)
     user.valid?
     expect(user.errors[:email]).to include("can't be blank")
   end
 
   it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do
-    User.create(
-      first_name:  "Joe",
-      last_name:  "Tester",
-      email:      "tester@example.com",
-      password:   "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
-    )
-    user = User.new(
-      first_name:  "Jane",
-      last_name:  "Tester",
-      email:      "tester@example.com",
-      password:   "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
-    )
+    FactoryBot.create(:user, email: "aaron@example.com")
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, email: "aaron@example.com")
     user.valid?
     expect(user.errors[:email]).to include("has already been taken")
   end
 
   it "returns a user's full name as a string" do
-    user = User.new(
-      first_name: "John",
-      last_name:  "Doe",
-      email:      "johndoe@example.com",
-    )
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, first_name: "John", last_name: "Doe")
     expect(user.name).to eq "John Doe"
   end
 end