erts: Add BIFs processes_first/0 and processes_next/1

This PR adds 2 BIFs to the `erlang` module.

`processes_first/0` returns a process iterator that can be used to
iterate through the process table.

`process_next/1` takes in a process iterator and returns a 2-tuple,
consisting of one process identifier and a new process iterator. If the
process iterator runs out of processes in the process table, `none`
will be returned.

By using these 2 BIFs instead of `processes/0`, one can avoid creating
a potentially huge list of the pids for all existing processes, at the
cost of less consistency guarantees. Process identifiers returned from
consecutive calls of `process_next/1` may not be a consistent snapshot
of all elements existing in the table during any of the calls.

erts/emulator/beam/bif.c

@@ -3825,6 +3825,24 @@ BIF_RETTYPE processes_0(BIF_ALIST_0)
     return erts_ptab_list(BIF_P, &erts_proc);
 }
 
+/**********************************************************************/
+/*
+ * The erts_internal:processes_next/1 BIF.
+ */
+
+BIF_RETTYPE erts_internal_processes_next_1(BIF_ALIST_1)
+{
+    Eterm res;
+    if (is_not_small(BIF_ARG_1)) {
+        BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
+    }
+    res = erts_ptab_processes_next(BIF_P, &erts_proc, unsigned_val(BIF_ARG_1));
+    if (is_non_value(res)) {
+        BIF_ERROR(BIF_P, BADARG);
+    }
+    BIF_RET(res);
+}
+
 /**********************************************************************/
 /*
  * The erlang:ports/0 BIF.

erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab

@@ -807,3 +807,4 @@ bif erts_trace_cleaner:send_trace_clean_signal/1
 #
 bif erts_internal:system_monitor/1
 bif erts_internal:system_monitor/3
+bif erts_internal:processes_next/1

erts/emulator/beam/erl_ptab.c

@@ -1465,6 +1465,61 @@ ptab_pix2el(ErtsPTab *ptab, int ix)
 	return ptab_el;
 }
 
+#define ERTS_PTAB_REDS_MULTIPLIER 25
+
+Eterm
+erts_ptab_processes_next(Process *c_p, ErtsPTab *ptab, Uint first)
+{
+    Uint i;
+    int scanned;
+    Sint limit;
+    Uint need;
+    Eterm res;
+    Eterm* hp;
+    Eterm *hp_end;
+
+    int max_pids = MAX(ERTS_BIF_REDS_LEFT(c_p), 1);
+    int num_pids = 0;
+    int n = max_pids * ERTS_PTAB_REDS_MULTIPLIER;
+
+    need = n * 2;
+    hp = HAlloc(c_p, need); /* we need two heap words for each id */
+    hp_end = hp + need;
+    res = make_list(hp);
+
+    limit = MIN(ptab->r.o.max, first+n);
+    if (first == limit) {
+	return am_none;
+    } else if (first > limit) {
+        return THE_NON_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    for (i = first; i < limit && num_pids < max_pids; i++) {
+	ErtsPTabElementCommon *el = ptab_pix2el(ptab, i);
+	if (el) {
+	    hp[0] = el->id;
+	    hp[1] = make_list(hp+2);
+	    hp += 2;
+	    num_pids++;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (num_pids == 0) {
+        res = NIL;
+    } else {
+        hp[-1] = NIL;
+    }
+
+    scanned = (i - first) / ERTS_PTAB_REDS_MULTIPLIER + 1;
+
+    res = TUPLE2(hp, make_small(i), res);
+    HRelease(c_p, hp_end, hp);
+
+    BUMP_REDS(c_p, scanned);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
 Eterm
 erts_debug_ptab_list(Process *c_p, ErtsPTab *ptab)
 {

erts/emulator/beam/erl_ptab.h

@@ -474,6 +474,9 @@ ERTS_GLB_INLINE int erts_lc_ptab_is_rwlocked(ErtsPTab *ptab)
 
 BIF_RETTYPE erts_ptab_list(struct process *c_p, ErtsPTab *ptab);
 
+BIF_RETTYPE erts_ptab_processes_next(struct process *c_p, ErtsPTab *ptab,
+                                     Uint first);
+
 #endif
 
 #if defined(ERTS_PTAB_WANT_DEBUG_FUNCS__) && !defined(ERTS_PTAB_DEBUG_FUNCS__)

erts/emulator/test/exception_SUITE.erl

@@ -1108,6 +1108,10 @@ error_info(_Config) ->
          {process_display, [ExternalPid, whatever]},
          {process_display, [DeadProcess, backtrace]},
 
+         {processes_next, [{a, []}]},
+         {processes_next, [{-1, []}]},
+         {processes_next, [a]},
+
          {process_flag, [trap_exit, some_value]},
          {process_flag, [bad_flag, some_value]},
 

erts/emulator/test/process_SUITE.erl

@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@
          demonitor_aliasmonitor/1,
          down_aliasmonitor/1,
          monitor_tag/1,
-         no_pid_wrap/1]).
+         no_pid_wrap/1,
+         processes_iter/1]).
 
 -export([prio_server/2, prio_client/2, init/1, handle_event/2]).
 
@@ -163,7 +164,8 @@ groups() ->
        processes_small_tab, processes_this_tab,
        processes_last_call_trap, processes_apply_trap,
        processes_gc_trap, processes_term_proc_list,
-       processes_send_infant]},
+       processes_send_infant,
+       processes_iter]},
      {process_info_bif, [],
       [t_process_info, process_info_messages,
        process_info_other, process_info_other_msg,
@@ -2513,7 +2515,14 @@ processes_bif_test() ->
 	    processes()
     end,
 
+    IterProcesses =
+        fun () ->
+                erts_debug:set_internal_state(reds_left, WantReds),
+                iter_all_processes()
+        end,
+
     ok = do_processes_bif_test(WantReds, WillTrap, Processes),
+    ok = do_processes_bif_test(WantReds, false, IterProcesses()),
 
     case WillTrap of
 	false ->
@@ -2550,7 +2559,19 @@ processes_bif_test() ->
 	undefined -> ok;
 	Comment -> {comment, Comment}
     end.
-
+
+iter_all_processes() ->
+    Iter = erlang:processes_first(),
+    iter_all_processes(Iter).
+
+iter_all_processes(Iter0) ->
+    case erlang:processes_next(Iter0) of
+        {Pid, Iter} ->
+            [Pid|iter_all_processes(Iter)];
+        none ->
+            none
+    end.
+
 do_processes_bif_test(WantReds, DieTest, Processes) ->
     Tester = self(),
     SpawnProcesses = fun (Prio) ->
@@ -4199,6 +4220,19 @@ processes_term_proc_list(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
 
     ok.
 
+processes_iter(Config) when is_list(Config) ->
+    ProcessLimit = erlang:system_info(process_limit),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = catch erts_internal:processes_next(ProcessLimit + 1),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = catch erts_internal:processes_next(-1),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = catch erts_internal:processes_next(1 bsl 32),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = catch erts_internal:processes_next(1 bsl 64),
+    {'EXIT',{badarg,_}} = catch erts_internal:processes_next(abc),
+
+    none = erts_internal:processes_next(ProcessLimit),
+
+    ok.
+
+
 %% OTP-18322: Send msg to spawning process pid returned from processes/0
 processes_send_infant(_Config) ->
     case erlang:system_info(schedulers_online) of

erts/preloaded/src/erlang.erl

@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ A timeout value that can be passed to a
 -export_type([message_queue_data/0]).
 -export_type([monitor_option/0]).
 -export_type([stacktrace/0]).
+-export_type([processes_iter_ref/0]).
 
 -type stacktrace_extrainfo() ::
         {line, pos_integer()} |
@@ -465,6 +466,7 @@ A list of binaries. This datatype is useful to use together with
 -export([time_offset/0, time_offset/1, timestamp/0]).
 -export([process_display/2]).
 -export([process_flag/3, process_info/1, processes/0, purge_module/1]).
+-export([processes_first/0, processes_next/1]).
 -export([put/2, raise/3, read_timer/1, read_timer/2, ref_to_list/1, register/2]).
 -export([send_after/3, send_after/4, start_timer/3, start_timer/4]).
 -export([registered/0, resume_process/1, round/1, self/0]).
@@ -5219,6 +5221,64 @@ Example:
 processes() ->
     erlang:nif_error(undefined).
 
+%% The process iterator is a 2-tuple, consisting of an index to the process
+%% table and a list of process identifiers that existed when the last scan of
+%% the process table took place. The index is the starting place for the next
+%% scan of the process table.
+-opaque processes_iter_ref() :: {integer(), [pid()]}.
+
+%% processes_first/0
+-doc """
+Returns a processes iterator that can be used in
+[`processes_next/1`](`processes_next/1`).
+""".
+-doc #{ group => processes }.
+-spec processes_first() -> processes_iter_ref().
+processes_first() ->
+    {0, []}.
+
+%% processes_next/1
+-doc """
+Returns a 2-tuple, consisting of one process identifier and a new processes
+iterator. If the process iterator has run out of processes in the process table,
+`none` will be returned.
+
+Example:
+
+```erlang
+> I0 = erlang:processes_first(), ok.
+ok
+> {Pid1, I1} = erlang:processes_next(I0), Pid1.
+<0.0.0>,
+> {Pid2, I2} = erlang:processes_next(I1), Pid2.
+<0.1.0>
+```
+
+> #### Note {: .info }
+>
+> This BIF has less consistency guarantee than [`processes/0`](`processes/0`).
+> Process identifiers returned from consecutive calls of this BIF may not be a
+> consistent snapshot of all elements existing in the table during any of the
+> calls.
+""".
+-doc #{ group => processes }.
+-spec processes_next(Iter) -> {Pid, NewIter} | 'none' when
+      Iter :: processes_iter_ref(),
+      NewIter :: processes_iter_ref(),
+      Pid :: pid().
+processes_next({IterRef, [Pid|Pids]}) ->
+    {Pid, {IterRef, Pids}};
+processes_next({IterRef0, []}=Arg) ->
+    try erts_internal:processes_next(IterRef0) of
+        none -> none;
+        {IterRef, [Pid|Pids]} -> {Pid, {IterRef, Pids}};
+        {IterRef, []} -> processes_next({IterRef, []})
+    catch error:badarg ->
+            badarg_with_info([Arg])
+    end;
+processes_next(Arg) ->
+    badarg_with_info([Arg]).
+
 %% purge_module/1
 -doc """
 Removes old code for `Module`. Before this BIF is used, `check_process_code/2`

erts/preloaded/src/erts_internal.erl

@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@
 
 -export([system_monitor/1, system_monitor/3]).
 
+-export([processes_next/1]).
+
 %%
 %% Await result of send to port
 %%
@@ -1166,3 +1168,7 @@ system_monitor(_Session) ->
       Return :: undefined | ok | {pid(), Options}.
 system_monitor(_Session, _MonitorPid, _Options) ->
     erlang:nif_error(undefined).
+
+-spec processes_next(integer()) -> {integer(), [pid()]} | 'none'.
+processes_next(_IterRef) ->
+    erlang:nif_error(undefined).

lib/kernel/src/erl_erts_errors.erl

@@ -733,6 +733,8 @@ format_erlang_error(process_display, [Pid,_], Cause) ->
         _ ->
             [must_be_local_pid(Pid, dead_process)]
     end;
+format_erlang_error(processes_next, [_], _Cause) ->
+    [~"invalid processes iterator"];
 format_erlang_error(process_flag, [_,_], Cause) ->
     case Cause of
         badopt ->