From 260374b0b34f5199046f6ddc8a65e14b3f114da9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2020 22:09:41 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 001/141] First 1.0.0-alpha2 Commit --- catalog-v001.xml | 34 +- doc/make_graphs.py | 2 +- emmo-inferred.owl | 538 ++++++++++++++--------------- emmo.owl | 22 +- middle/catalog-v001.xml | 34 +- middle/holistic.owl | 6 +- middle/isq.owl | 4 +- middle/manufacturing.owl | 6 +- middle/materials.owl | 8 +- middle/math.owl | 8 +- middle/metrology.owl | 10 +- middle/models.owl | 6 +- middle/perceptual.owl | 8 +- middle/physicalistic.owl | 6 +- middle/properties.owl | 8 +- middle/reductionistic.owl | 6 +- middle/semiotics.owl | 6 +- middle/siunits.owl | 16 +- middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl | 6 +- middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl | 6 +- top/annotations.owl | 4 +- top/catalog-v001.xml | 6 +- top/mereotopology.owl | 6 +- top/physical.owl | 6 +- top/top.owl | 6 +- 25 files changed, 384 insertions(+), 384 deletions(-) diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml index 87ee7451..4243c96d 100644 --- a/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/catalog-v001.xml @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/doc/make_graphs.py b/doc/make_graphs.py index 007e3c0a..6f58be15 100755 --- a/doc/make_graphs.py +++ b/doc/make_graphs.py @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ # Visualise module dependencies (requires that we load the non-inferred # ontology) -iri = 'http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-alpha' +iri = 'http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-alpha2' onto = get_ontology(iri) onto.load() diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index f3de793a..655590b1 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -855,8 +855,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1012,8 +1012,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1171,8 +1171,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1348,8 +1348,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1504,8 +1504,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1665,8 +1665,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1830,8 +1830,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -1976,8 +1976,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -2146,8 +2146,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -2300,8 +2300,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -2471,8 +2471,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -2639,8 +2639,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -2791,8 +2791,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -2944,8 +2944,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -3110,8 +3110,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -3274,8 +3274,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -3424,8 +3424,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -3588,8 +3588,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -3749,8 +3749,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -3897,8 +3897,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4059,8 +4059,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4218,8 +4218,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4375,8 +4375,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4531,8 +4531,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4686,8 +4686,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4840,8 +4840,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -4993,8 +4993,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -5134,8 +5134,8 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - + + @@ -5288,8 +5288,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -5438,8 +5438,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -5589,8 +5589,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -5739,8 +5739,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -5876,8 +5876,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6014,8 +6014,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6151,8 +6151,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6289,8 +6289,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6428,8 +6428,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6572,8 +6572,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6713,8 +6713,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6853,8 +6853,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -6994,8 +6994,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7134,8 +7134,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7271,8 +7271,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7402,8 +7402,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7534,8 +7534,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7668,8 +7668,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7803,8 +7803,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -7939,8 +7939,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8072,8 +8072,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8204,8 +8204,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8335,8 +8335,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8460,8 +8460,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8588,8 +8588,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8712,8 +8712,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8837,8 +8837,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -8964,8 +8964,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -9099,8 +9099,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -9211,8 +9211,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -9334,8 +9334,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -9455,8 +9455,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -9576,8 +9576,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - + + @@ -10700,8 +10700,8 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - + + @@ -10919,8 +10919,8 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - + + @@ -11092,8 +11092,8 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - + + @@ -11206,8 +11206,8 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - + + @@ -11378,8 +11378,8 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - + + @@ -11554,8 +11554,8 @@ J stands for N m - - + + @@ -11715,8 +11715,8 @@ barn - - + + @@ -11804,8 +11804,8 @@ barn - - + + @@ -11899,8 +11899,8 @@ barn - - + + @@ -12074,8 +12074,8 @@ barn - - + + @@ -12247,8 +12247,8 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + @@ -12348,8 +12348,8 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + @@ -12449,8 +12449,8 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + @@ -12589,8 +12589,8 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo - - + + @@ -12692,8 +12692,8 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex - - + + @@ -12821,8 +12821,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - + + @@ -12938,8 +12938,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - + + @@ -13012,8 +13012,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - + + @@ -13137,8 +13137,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - + + @@ -13242,8 +13242,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - + + @@ -13386,8 +13386,8 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - - + + @@ -13492,8 +13492,8 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - + + @@ -13579,8 +13579,8 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - + + @@ -13679,8 +13679,8 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - + + @@ -13768,8 +13768,8 @@ Hartree-Fock. - - + + @@ -13932,8 +13932,8 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - + + @@ -14037,8 +14037,8 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - + + @@ -15140,8 +15140,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - - + + @@ -15309,8 +15309,8 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - - + + @@ -15386,8 +15386,8 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - - + + @@ -15480,8 +15480,8 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two - - + + @@ -15707,8 +15707,8 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - + + @@ -15811,8 +15811,8 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - + + @@ -15906,8 +15906,8 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - + + @@ -16008,8 +16008,8 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - + + @@ -16071,8 +16071,8 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - + + @@ -16146,8 +16146,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16250,8 +16250,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16347,8 +16347,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16443,8 +16443,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16538,8 +16538,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16624,8 +16624,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16712,8 +16712,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16850,8 +16850,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -16920,8 +16920,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17018,8 +17018,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17105,8 +17105,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17192,8 +17192,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17251,8 +17251,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17342,8 +17342,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17409,8 +17409,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17491,8 +17491,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17576,8 +17576,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17658,8 +17658,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17714,8 +17714,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17769,8 +17769,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17870,8 +17870,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -17939,8 +17939,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18014,8 +18014,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18070,8 +18070,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18122,8 +18122,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18191,8 +18191,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18259,8 +18259,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18329,8 +18329,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18406,8 +18406,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18469,8 +18469,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18544,8 +18544,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18605,8 +18605,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - + + @@ -18676,8 +18676,8 @@ kg/m^3 G - - + + @@ -18720,9 +18720,9 @@ kg/m^3 - + - + @@ -18736,7 +18736,7 @@ kg/m^3 F - + @@ -18781,9 +18781,9 @@ kg/m^3 - + - + @@ -19770,8 +19770,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - + + diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index 3cafee12..aefaf049 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/catalog-v001.xml b/middle/catalog-v001.xml index 170f8a0a..6e1df064 100644 --- a/middle/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/middle/catalog-v001.xml @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index ab93a25a..63edf708 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index bc7515ae..f4d76bbf 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 8c0f47fa..f8b66461 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index e866ebf7..004d03e1 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - - + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index 45ebe9a0..592a1ae5 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - - + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index b4c1a412..f8ea8586 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - - - - + + + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index b321ef4b..701960e9 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:units="http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index 52562986..cf409439 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - - + + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index 308bfb5c..6ab21f04 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index 9e934810..c87c6884 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - - + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index 8c1b0996..2be9f9d6 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index 676103c7..35304261 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 2a509a14..d5d27fbe 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -998,9 +998,9 @@ kg/m^3 - + - + @@ -1021,9 +1021,9 @@ kg/m^3 - + - + @@ -1471,8 +1471,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - + + diff --git a/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl b/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl index ee53754a..fcb96a2a 100644 --- a/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl +++ b/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl b/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl index 8eebdfdc..b4176a2a 100644 --- a/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl +++ b/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ xmlns:graphical="http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index a0649757..b1ebb990 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/catalog-v001.xml b/top/catalog-v001.xml index 0a930738..0f8e86a3 100644 --- a/top/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/top/catalog-v001.xml @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ - - - + + + diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index 6379297d..5d65ece0 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index f4eccd96..aa2ff2fe 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/top.owl b/top/top.owl index ed2e4adb..2ff1ee50 100644 --- a/top/top.owl +++ b/top/top.owl @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). The European Materials Modelling Ontology -Version 1.0.0-alpha +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 From 3de48ddc2db70fca8db017679e087f0df0b5df51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2020 11:11:53 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 002/141] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 715dbf90..18a65a60 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The *Holistic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects th The *Phenomenic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that express of a recognisable pattern in space or time that impress the user. Under this class the EMMO categorises e.g. formal languages, pictures, geometry, mathematics and sounds. Phenomenic objects can be used in a semiotic process as signs. -The *Physics* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the under applied physics perspective. +The *Physicalistic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the under applied physics perspective. The [semiotics](top/semiotics.owl) module introduces the concepts of semiotics and the *Semiosis* process that has a *Sign*, an *Object* and an *Interpreter* as participants. This forms the basis in EMMO to represent e.g. models, formal languages, theories, information and properties. From 66baff97fff608983a21b9e8025636511dc1ffee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2020 23:09:17 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 003/141] Removed example individuals a and b. --- middle/siunits.owl | 29 ----------------------------- 1 file changed, 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index d5d27fbe..baa69a5c 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1635,35 +1635,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - b - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - a - From 1280128d100da4be45d653b89469b9f3f41e72b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2020 21:57:32 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 004/141] Changed dimensionality restrictions on units from existential to universal. --- middle/metrology.owl | 11 +++++-- middle/siunits.owl | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index f8ea8586..3e3d461f 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> - - + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) @@ -486,6 +486,13 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + + + + 1 + + + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index baa69a5c..080c470b 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -49,13 +49,26 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + @@ -107,7 +120,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + @@ -311,7 +324,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -334,7 +347,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -369,7 +382,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -564,7 +577,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -654,7 +667,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -743,7 +756,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -778,7 +791,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -801,7 +814,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -847,7 +860,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -899,7 +912,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -952,7 +965,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1004,7 +1017,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1027,7 +1040,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1050,7 +1063,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1073,7 +1086,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1125,7 +1138,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1149,7 +1162,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1190,7 +1203,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1213,7 +1226,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1236,7 +1249,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1288,7 +1301,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1311,7 +1324,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1337,7 +1350,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1389,7 +1402,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1412,7 +1425,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1500,7 +1513,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1579,7 +1592,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + From 390d6023e82b1805265ed482111926e4dadab898 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 12:33:08 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 005/141] Relabeled Angle to PlaneAngle. Also added definition of time to be the duration of an event. --- middle/isq.owl | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index f4d76bbf..b5bb36fd 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -975,6 +975,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Time + Time is defined as the duration of an event or more operationally as "what clocks read". The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 Time @@ -1157,10 +1158,11 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + Angle http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - Angle + PlaneAngle From 51ea08759693dbd85806bb174dc54e5d5609124e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 13:22:41 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 006/141] Added some common non-SI units --- middle/units-extension.owl | 686 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 686 insertions(+) create mode 100644 middle/units-extension.owl diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..183cf2ff --- /dev/null +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -0,0 +1,686 @@ + + + + + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) +Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) +Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) +Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) +Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + Contacts: +Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + +Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Da + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton + http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit + One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 + Dalton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + au + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC + http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit + One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit + AstronomicalUnit + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + AtomicNumber + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ′ + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN + MinuteOfArc + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. + ArcMinute + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + h + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR + Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866 + Hour + + + + + + + + + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + AtomicMass + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Å + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM + Angstrom + http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m + Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350 + Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). + +Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + Ångström + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + d + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY + http://dbpedia.org/page/Day + A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527 + Day + + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareLengthDimension + + + + + + + + + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two volumes. + VolumePerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + Derived quantities defined in ISO 80000-10:2019 Quantities and units — Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics. + AtomAndNuclearPhysicsDerivedQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-10:ed-2:v1:en + + + + + + + + + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two amount of substances. + AmountPerAmountUnit + + + + + + + + + The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units + CGS is a variant of the metric system. + CGSUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI + This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. + SIAcceptedSpecialUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ″ + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC + SecondOfArc + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. + ArcSecond + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + B + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B + One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel + Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. + bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. + Bel + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + CubicLengthDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + l + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L + A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 + Litre + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Np + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP + http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. + +The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. + +Wikipedia + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106 + Neper + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ° + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG + http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle) + Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 + Degree + + + + + + + + + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two masses. + MassPerMassUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + min + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN + http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute + Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. + Minute + + + + + + + + + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two velocities. + VelocityPerVelociryUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ha + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA + http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare + A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare + Hectare + + + + + + + + + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + eV + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt + The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 + ElectronVolt + + + + + + + + + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two lengths. + LengthPerLengthUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + t + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M + A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394 + Tonne + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + g + + + Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram + 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Select `File -> 'Check for plugins...'` + 2. Tick off for the FaCT++ reasoner + 3. Click `Install` + 4. Restart Protégé + + On Windows, there is a known issue with FaCT++ for Protégé 5.5.0. See + [these instructions](installing_factplusplus.md) for how to resolve it. + + * Preferences for setting up new entities: + 1. Select `File -> Preferences...` + 2. Select the "New entities" tab + 3. Under **Entity IRI** tick for + - Start with: `Active ontology IRI` + - Followed by: `#` + - End with: `Auto-generated ID` select + 4. Under **Entity Label** + - Tick for `Same as label renderer` + 5. Under **Auto-generated ID** + - Tick for `Globally unique` + - Set prefix to "EMMO_" + + Below is a screenshot of how it should look like. + + ![Preferences for new entities in Protégé.](new_entities.png) From 763b37c48b512b42730dc5162f746470f1fb2493 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 13:47:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 008/141] Added reference to the setup page from the main README file. --- README.md | 5 +++-- doc/protege-setup.md | 6 +++--- 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 18a65a60..d721a21b 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The *Perspective* class collects the different ways to represent the objects tha ### Middle Level -The middle level ontologies act as roots for extending the EMMO towards specific application domains. +The middle level ontologies act as roots for extending the EMMO towards specific application domains. ![Figure 2. The EMMO perspectives.](doc/perspectives.png) @@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ The OWL2-DL sources are available in RDF/XML format. ## How To Use It In order to be able to view and navigate the EMMO ontology we recommend to download the Protégé editor from [https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege](https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege). +See [these instructions](doc/protege-setup.md) for how to set up Protégé for working with EMMO-based ontologies. + The fastest way to access the EMMO is to open the ontology via Protégé via the menu under *File -> Open from URL...* and copy the URL [http://emmo.info/emmo](http://emmo.info/emmo): Protégé will automatically download all the necessary dependencies. The EMMO hierarchy will be visible only after reasoning inference: use *ctrl-R* to start the reasoner and under the *Entities* tab, select the *Classes* subtab and *Inferred* in the scroll button. @@ -85,4 +87,3 @@ This work is conducted under the framework of the [SimDOME](https://simdome.eu) This work was conducted under the framework of the [EMMC-CSA](https://emmc.info) project (2016-2019), that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 723867 This work was conducted using the Protégé resource, which is supported by grant GM10331601 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the United States National Institutes of Health. - diff --git a/doc/protege-setup.md b/doc/protege-setup.md index f83a3fda..b315f738 100644 --- a/doc/protege-setup.md +++ b/doc/protege-setup.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ Setting up Protégé for working with EMMO-based ontologies ========================================================= -Protégé can be downloaded from [https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege](https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege). - -It is recommended that you go through the following steps: +After you have installed Protégé (can be downloaded from +[https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege](https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege)) +it is recommended that you go through the following steps: * To render by label, select `View -> 'Render by label (rdfs:label)'` From e4d0147dcd1b1941a379d802a57e0a6db09cab4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 21:43:11 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 009/141] Added first draft for units-extension.owl --- middle/units-extension.owl | 1106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 1093 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 183cf2ff..a4220ab7 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1,27 +1,24 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -30,12 +27,15 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -105,6 +105,17 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -113,6 +124,15 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + CurrentPerSquareLengthDimension + + + + @@ -205,6 +225,21 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + T-2 L1 M1 I-2 H0 N0 J0 + + + + @@ -245,6 +280,24 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + T-2 L2 M1 I0 H-1 N-1 J0 + + + + + + + + + MassLengthPerTimeDimension + + + + @@ -258,7 +311,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + Derived quantities defined in ISO 80000-10:2019 Quantities and units — Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics. AtomAndNuclearPhysicsDerivedQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-10:ed-2:v1:en @@ -288,6 +341,15 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + CurrentPerLengthDimension + + + + @@ -367,6 +429,24 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + AmountPerCubicLengthDimension + + + + + + + + + T2 L-2 M-1 I1 H0 N0 J0 + + + + @@ -382,6 +462,30 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + LengthPerSquareTimeDimension + + + + + + + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassCubicLengthDimension + + + + @@ -406,6 +510,39 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + MolarGasConstant + + + + + + + + + MassPerSquareLengthDimension + + + + @@ -461,6 +598,29 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + + + + @@ -471,6 +631,21 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + PerLengthDimension + + + + @@ -500,7 +675,31 @@ Wikipedia Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two velocities. - VelocityPerVelociryUnit + SpeedPerSpeedUnit + + + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + T4 L-3 M-1 I2 H0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeAmountDimension @@ -534,6 +733,17 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -565,6 +775,19 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + Resistance quantum. + VonKlitzingConstant + + + + @@ -575,6 +798,21 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + MassPerCubicLengthDimension + + + + @@ -655,6 +893,22 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -678,9 +932,835 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + AmountFraction + MoleFraction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricalInductance + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + Mass per volume. + Density + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + + + + + + + + + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat + http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) + Product of force and displacement. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Work + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricalImpedance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + CurrentDensity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricalReactance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + Extent of a surface. + Area + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricalConductivity + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + Also called "molar concentration" or "amount concentration" or "molarity". + Molarity + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration + Concentration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricalResistivity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + - + From 55efa7dd67b1d863e464ea35c9f0ae46d82dc76e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 21:48:46 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 010/141] Saved isq.owl with Protege 4.5.9.2019 --- middle/isq.owl | 29 ++++++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index b5bb36fd..8b0ed18e 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -31,6 +26,11 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). @@ -937,6 +937,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 @@ -974,10 +975,12 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time - Time is defined as the duration of an event or more operationally as "what clocks read". + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". Time @@ -1208,5 +1211,5 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - + From ca12d35f1104044eeeffb8fdc3e649dd5923486c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 21:50:18 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 011/141] Added seeAlso sub-annotation IECEntry to refer to ISO 80000 definition at IEC. --- top/annotations.owl | 10 ++++++++++ 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+) diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index b1ebb990..4dc18238 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -65,6 +65,16 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. + IECEntry + + + + + From 8d708303e8bca5a5e9b64dc72a6662323588921f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 21:51:43 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 012/141] Explicitely subclassed SIExactConstant MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Removed the definition of SIExactConstant as a disjont union, since the exact constants defined under the SI system is not a closed set. Stefan–Boltzmann constant is for example also an exact constant in SI. --- middle/siunits.owl | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 080c470b..a7faab36 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1,30 +1,25 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:changes="http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/changes#" + xmlns:graphical="http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -33,6 +28,11 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). @@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ kg/m^3 + @@ -540,6 +541,7 @@ kg/m^3 + @@ -561,6 +563,7 @@ kg/m^3 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -730,6 +733,7 @@ kg/m^3 + @@ -834,6 +838,7 @@ kg/m^3 + @@ -1183,13 +1188,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - 1 - - - A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -1532,15 +1530,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - - - - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. SIExactConstant @@ -1580,6 +1569,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1630,6 +1620,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff + @@ -1648,9 +1639,12 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant + + 1 + - + From 38040a8718fbd704578bc3db492cd3863156dd12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 22:26:34 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 013/141] Changed label of PlaneAngle back into Angle, which is the name used in iso 80000 --- middle/isq.owl | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 8b0ed18e..dc38c0ea 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -1161,11 +1161,11 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Angle + PlaneAngle http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - PlaneAngle + Angle From fe841648e76c91176fda91d6cb79521aace67640 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2020 23:26:07 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 014/141] Moved DimensionOne from isq to metrology. Reason: UnitOne relates to DimensionOne and is defined in metrology --- middle/isq.owl | 19 ++------------- middle/metrology.owl | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------- middle/siunits.owl | 17 ++----------- middle/units-extension.owl | 10 ++++---- 4 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index dc38c0ea..7a75191e 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -257,21 +257,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - DimensionOne - - - - @@ -1049,7 +1034,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - + @@ -1156,7 +1141,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - + diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 3e3d461f..a42191fe 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -1,31 +1,26 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + + - - + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -34,6 +29,11 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). @@ -101,6 +101,21 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + DimensionOne + + + + @@ -311,6 +326,12 @@ barn + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. Refractive index or volume fraction. @@ -705,5 +726,5 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index a7faab36..8fddacb2 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -49,19 +49,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -917,7 +904,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1167,7 +1154,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index a4220ab7..ce8e523d 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + @@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ Wikipedia - + From 882254896060f71722aa529aa5a4d754e64ae085 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2020 14:53:45 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 015/141] Minor update of units-extension --- middle/unit-conversions.owl | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ middle/units-extension.owl | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++-- 2 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 middle/unit-conversions.owl diff --git a/middle/unit-conversions.owl b/middle/unit-conversions.owl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a89d6729 --- /dev/null +++ b/middle/unit-conversions.owl @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + + + + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) +Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) +Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) +Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) +Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + Contacts: +Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + +Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index ce8e523d..6b66b2fc 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -704,6 +704,15 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + T-2 L3 M-1 I0 H0 N0 J0 + + + + @@ -1026,6 +1035,17 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 @@ -1063,11 +1083,11 @@ Wikipedia + MoleFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 AmountFraction - MoleFraction @@ -1646,13 +1666,13 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + Concentration http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 Also called "molar concentration" or "amount concentration" or "molarity". Molarity The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. AmountConcentration - Concentration From 14c59a4ed91a0895975a23929bf9c6dae725f8eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2020 22:20:24 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 016/141] Added initial stub for automated consistency checks --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be26e266 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +on: [push] + +jobs: + + build: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + strategy: + max-parallel: 1 + matrix: + python-version: [3.7] + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v1 + + - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} + uses: actions/setup-python@v1 + with: + python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }} + + - name: Install EMMO-python + run: | + pip install EMMO + + - name: Check EMMO + run: | + emmocheck ../../emmo.owl From b94ffff746bff68916c88802e553b018dad6fff9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2020 23:37:28 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 017/141] Added --iri option to emmocheck --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index be26e266..817951a7 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -23,4 +23,5 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | - emmocheck ../../emmo.owl + pwd + emmocheck --iri ../../emmo.owl From b87d04bb4f94237dba158de6e166239815c10349 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2020 23:39:49 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 018/141] Correcting .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index 817951a7..ebbe4118 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | pwd - emmocheck --iri ../../emmo.owl + ls + emmocheck --iri emmo.owl From f25b05281d3e5c2d4837e5ef87ee86691f331eb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2020 00:18:30 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 019/141] Cleaned up debugging output in the workflow file --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 3 +-- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index ebbe4118..aedb6953 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +name: Check that EMMO confirms to our conventions on: [push] jobs: @@ -23,6 +24,4 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | - pwd - ls emmocheck --iri emmo.owl From 3603fb2a41876634ef65bf7a83d56bf8dbc3a488 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2020 19:29:02 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 020/141] Import units-extension by default --- catalog-v001.xml | 1 + emmo.owl | 1 + middle/catalog-v001.xml | 3 ++- 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml index 4243c96d..463197dd 100644 --- a/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/catalog-v001.xml @@ -19,5 +19,6 @@ + diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index aefaf049..a48d5071 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode diff --git a/middle/catalog-v001.xml b/middle/catalog-v001.xml index 6e1df064..7f9ca75d 100644 --- a/middle/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/middle/catalog-v001.xml @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ - + @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ + From 62c19e27d6ada7ca08d4cc486099300c5542675b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2020 19:45:13 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 021/141] Fixed issues with namespace --- middle/math.owl | 106 +++++++++++++------------ middle/metrology.owl | 6 +- middle/models.owl | 4 +- middle/properties.owl | 40 +++++----- middle/semiotics.owl | 112 +++++++++++++-------------- middle/units-extension.owl | 154 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- 6 files changed, 213 insertions(+), 209 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index 592a1ae5..f446d627 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + hasVariable @@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + Vector @@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - + ArithmeticOperator @@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - + @@ -417,24 +418,24 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - + - + Δ - + Laplacian - + - + 2x+3 An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) @@ -443,36 +444,39 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - + - - + + Matrix - + - - + + Exponent - + - + Array - + - + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. @@ -485,9 +489,9 @@ y = f(x) - + - + @@ -500,18 +504,18 @@ y = f(x) - + - - + + AlgebricOperator - + - + @@ -524,10 +528,10 @@ y = f(x) - + - - + + A function defined using functional notation. y = f(x) FunctionDefinition @@ -535,9 +539,9 @@ y = f(x) - + - + @@ -552,9 +556,9 @@ y = f(x) - + - + @@ -567,24 +571,24 @@ y = f(x) - + - - + + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 Polynomial - + - + - + 2 * a - b = c @@ -594,9 +598,9 @@ y = f(x) - + - + @@ -609,9 +613,9 @@ y = f(x) - + - + 1 + 1 = 2 ArithmeticEquation @@ -619,24 +623,24 @@ y = f(x) - + - + ∇ - + Gradient - + - + MathematicalOperator @@ -644,10 +648,10 @@ y = f(x) - + - - + + DifferentialOperator diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index a42191fe..773b5de6 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - + @@ -717,9 +717,9 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. + - + diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 701960e9..452075af 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + hasModel @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index c87c6884..c36a0e9c 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -1,27 +1,24 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -30,12 +27,15 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + hasProperty @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - + @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - + @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E has_property C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +Stating that an entity E hasProperty C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. @@ -279,9 +279,9 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two - + - + @@ -319,5 +319,5 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - + diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index 35304261..5d824aa0 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + - + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. semiotical @@ -60,52 +60,52 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + - - - + + + hasIndex - + - - - + + + hasIcon - + - - - - + + + + hasSign - + - - - + + + hasInterpretant - + - - - + + + hasConvention @@ -122,26 +122,26 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + - + - + - + - + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. @@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - + - - + + - + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - + - - + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. Interpretant - + - + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status. @@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + - + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. Conventional @@ -203,10 +203,10 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + - - + + The object, in Peirce semiotics. Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. @@ -218,19 +218,19 @@ In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and th - + - + - - - + + + - + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). @@ -255,15 +255,15 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap - + - + - - - + + + @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap - + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. @@ -294,9 +294,9 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connect - + - + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index ce8e523d..2ffe3938 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ Wikipedia - + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ Wikipedia - + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 @@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ Wikipedia - + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. @@ -1048,9 +1048,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1072,9 +1072,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1095,9 +1095,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 @@ -1107,9 +1107,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1130,9 +1130,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1153,9 +1153,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1177,9 +1177,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. @@ -1188,10 +1188,10 @@ Wikipedia - + - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -1200,9 +1200,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1222,9 +1222,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1244,9 +1244,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 @@ -1256,9 +1256,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1279,9 +1279,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1302,9 +1302,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) @@ -1315,9 +1315,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1338,9 +1338,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. @@ -1349,9 +1349,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1373,9 +1373,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1396,9 +1396,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -1422,9 +1422,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1445,9 +1445,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. @@ -1456,9 +1456,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1479,9 +1479,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1502,9 +1502,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1526,9 +1526,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1549,9 +1549,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1572,9 +1572,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1594,9 +1594,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -1619,9 +1619,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . @@ -1631,9 +1631,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + @@ -1657,9 +1657,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + @@ -1681,9 +1681,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + @@ -1704,9 +1704,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + @@ -1727,9 +1727,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 @@ -1739,9 +1739,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + From d1cf6fb3a6738b391ce3128917e6bc88b3d299b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2020 17:06:42 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 022/141] Removed invalid language tags. These tags prevents EMMO to be read with rdflib. --- middle/holistic.owl | 2 +- middle/manufacturing.owl | 2 +- middle/reductionistic.owl | 2 +- middle/semiotics.owl | 2 +- top/physical.owl | 2 +- 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 63edf708..13f94241 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index f8b66461..61acd703 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index 2be9f9d6..d8067876 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index 35304261..e16d3920 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO)EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Contacts: + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index aa2ff2fe..882431b7 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com From 8dbbe5b14caad0f3a4556f63c4a45fc05b808c41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2020 01:31:07 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 023/141] Add release table to README --- README.md | 13 +++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index d721a21b..9809f5e0 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # The European Materials Modelling Ontology (EMMO) ## About -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) for applied sciences. It is based on physics, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It has been instigated by materials science and provides the connection between the physical world, the experimental world (materials characterisation) and the simulation world (materials modelling). It is released under a [Creative Commons license](LICENSE.md). +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) for applied sciences. It is based on physics, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It has been instigated by materials science and provides the connection between the physical world, the experimental world (materials characterisation) and the simulation world (materials modelling). It is released under a Creative Commons [CC BY 4.0](LICENSE.md) license. ## EMMO in a Nutshell @@ -66,9 +66,18 @@ See [these instructions](doc/protege-setup.md) for how to set up Protégé for w The fastest way to access the EMMO is to open the ontology via Protégé via the menu under *File -> Open from URL...* and copy the URL [http://emmo.info/emmo](http://emmo.info/emmo): Protégé will automatically download all the necessary dependencies. The EMMO hierarchy will be visible only after reasoning inference: use *ctrl-R* to start the reasoner and under the *Entities* tab, select the *Classes* subtab and *Inferred* in the scroll button. - It is recommended to use FaCT++ as reasoner. You can select it through the menu *Reasoner*. An instruction for how to install the FaCT++ plugin on Protege 5.5.0 on Windows can be found in the [doc subdirectory](doc/installing_factplusplus.md). +To access EMMO from Python, we recommend [EMMO-python](https://github.com/emmo-repo/EMMO-python/). + + +## Pre-inferred ontology and documentation +Browsable documentation and pre-inferred versions of EMMO can be accessed in the table below. + + Your browser doesn't support the object tag. + + + --- From 878e2e5768fa1e6ea41e56fa35e2c34fed3b0ceb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2020 01:31:26 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 024/141] Added license badge to README --- README.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 9809f5e0..1a7dad7c 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +[![License: CC BY 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-CC%20BY%204.0-lightgrey.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) + # The European Materials Modelling Ontology (EMMO) ## About From 13880c434f915dbb5061b00832fc7202eb6f9be6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2020 01:34:46 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 025/141] Added github action for generating EMMO documentation --- .github/.gitignore | 3 + .github/init_pages.sh | 43 ++++++++++ .github/mkreleasetable.py | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++ .github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml | 85 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 221 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .github/.gitignore create mode 100755 .github/init_pages.sh create mode 100755 .github/mkreleasetable.py create mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml diff --git a/.github/.gitignore b/.github/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bc6c1ff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +releases +tmp +old diff --git a/.github/init_pages.sh b/.github/init_pages.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..de3a8390 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/init_pages.sh @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: init_pages.sh PAGES_DIR VERSION +# Initialise directory for given version on GitHub Pages. +# +# Arguments +# PAGES_DIR: git root directory for GitHub Pages +# VERSION: version number to initialise +# +# This script should be run from the checked out EMMO root directory. +# + +pagesdir="$1" +version="$2" + +versiondir="$pagesdir/versions/$version" +pagesurl=git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git + + +# Add directory for current version if it does not exists +if [ ! -d "$versiondir" ]; then + mkdir -p "$versiondir" +fi + +# Add/update README and LICENSE files +cp README.md LICENSE.md "$versiondir/." +cd "$versiondir" +git add README.md LICENSE.md +git ci -m 'Added README and LICENSE files' +git push +cd - + +# Check for inferred ontology +if [ ! -d "$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" ]; then + echo "Missing inferred ontology for EMMO $version." + echo "Please do the following:" + echo " 1. Clone $pagesurl" + echo " 2. Open http://emmo.info/emmo/$version in Protege" + echo " 3. Save inferred ontology to in the cloned GitHub Pages repo as:" + echo" versions/$version/emmo-inferred.owl" + echo " 4. Add, commit and push inferred ontology to GitHub Pages" + exit 1 +fi diff --git a/.github/mkreleasetable.py b/.github/mkreleasetable.py new file mode 100755 index 00000000..791e50fa --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/mkreleasetable.py @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +"""Generates a release table. +""" +import os +import argparse +from glob import glob +from distutils.version import LooseVersion + +import semver + + +emmo_base_url = 'http://emmo.info/emmo' +pages_base_url = ('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/' + 'emmo-repo.github.io/master') + +template = """\ + + + + + + + + + + + +{versions} +
VersionOntology IRIInferred ontology IRIHTML documentationPDF documentation
+""" + +def release_table(pages_dir, unstable_version=None): + """Returns generated release table.""" + entries = [] + versions = [os.path.basename(d) + for d in glob(os.path.join(pages_dir, 'versions', '*'))] + + for version in sorted(versions, + key=lambda v: semver.parse_version_info(v), + reverse=True): + lines = [] + name = 'unstable' if version == 'unstable_version' else version + emmo_url = '%s/%s' % (emmo_base_url, version) + pages_url = '%s/versions/%s' % (pages_base_url, version) + inferred_url = '%s/emmo-inferred.owl' % pages_url + html_url = '%s/emmo.html' % pages_url + pdf_url = '%s/emmo.pdf' % pages_url + lines.append(' ') + lines.append(' %s' % name) + lines.append(' %s' % ( + emmo_url, emmo_url)) + lines.append(' %s' % ( + emmo_url + '/emmo-inferred', inferred_url)) + lines.append(' %s' % ( + version, html_url)) + lines.append(' %s' % ( + version, pdf_url)) + lines.append(' ') + entries.append('\n'.join(lines)) + table = template.format(versions='\n'.join(entries)) + return table + + +def main(): + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) + parser.add_argument( + 'pages_dir', metavar='DIR', + help='Path to root directory to checkout out EMMO-repo GitHub Pages.') + parser.add_argument( + '--unstable-version', '-u', + help='Version to mark as unstable in the table.') + parser.add_argument( + '--output', '-o', + help='Write table to this file instead of standard output.') + args = parser.parse_args() + + table = release_table( + args.pages_dir, + unstable_version=args.unstable_version, + ) + + if args.output: + with open(args.output, 'wt') as f: + f.write(table) + else: + print(table) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7bbff99e --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +name: Generate and copy EMMO documentation to GitHub Pages + +on: + push: + branches: + [0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+ + [0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+-* + +jobs: + + build: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + env: + python-version 3.7 + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v1 + + - name: Set up Python ${{ python-version }} + uses: actions/setup-python@v1 + with: + python-version: ${{ python-version }} + + - name: Checkout GitHub Pages for EMMO-repo + env: + SSH_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} + GIT_SSH_COMMAND: "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" + run: | + eval "$(ssh-agent -s)" + ssh-add - <<< "${SSH_PRIVATE_KEY}" + git config --global user.email "emmo.github.action@github.com" + git config --global user.name "EMMO GitHub Action" + git clone git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git ~/pages + + - name: Initialise GitHub pages for current version + run: | + ./.github/init_pages.sh ~/pages ${{ github.ref }} + + - name: Install EMMO-python + run: | + pip install EMMO + + - name: Generate inferred ontology + run: | + echo "TODO" + + - name: Install pandoc 2.1.2 + run: | + #sudo apt-get install pandoc + wget https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/releases/download/2.1.2/pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb + sudo apt-get install ./pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb + + - name: Install other dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install -r requirements.txt + sudo apt-get install graphviz + sudo apt-get install texlive-xetex + sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-extra + pip install semver + + - name: Generate documentation + run: | + versiondir="~/pages/versions/${{ github.ref }}" + inferred="$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" + d=$(python -c 'import os, emmo; print(os.path.dirname(emmo.__file__))') + echo "d=$d" # xxx + cd "$d/examples/emmodoc" + ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html "$inferred" emmo.html + ontodoc --template=emmo.md "$inferred" emmo.pdf + mv emmo.html emmo.pdf "$versiondir" + cd "$versiondir" + git add emmo.html emmo.pdf + git ci -m 'Added emmo.html and emmo.pdf' + git push + cd - + + - name: Update release table for README file + run: | + python ./.github/mkreleasetable.py ~/pages --unstable-version=${{ github.ref }} --output=~/pages/html/releasetable.html + cd ~/pages + git add html/releasetable.html + git ci -m 'Updated releasetable' + git push + cd - From 5ee6adde466841f3c3446b2baeac55156fdd1c61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2020 15:38:38 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 026/141] Fixed some bugs and added a reference in README file. --- .github/init_pages.sh | 15 +++-- .github/mkreleasetable.py | 6 +- .github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml | 62 ++++++++++---------- README.md | 6 +- 4 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/init_pages.sh b/.github/init_pages.sh index de3a8390..c42e29a8 100755 --- a/.github/init_pages.sh +++ b/.github/init_pages.sh @@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ # # This script should be run from the checked out EMMO root directory. # +set -e +set -x pagesdir="$1" version="$2" @@ -23,21 +25,24 @@ if [ ! -d "$versiondir" ]; then fi # Add/update README and LICENSE files -cp README.md LICENSE.md "$versiondir/." +cp -f README.md LICENSE.md "$versiondir/." cd "$versiondir" git add README.md LICENSE.md -git ci -m 'Added README and LICENSE files' -git push +if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -uno)" ]; then + git commit -m 'Added README and LICENSE files' + git push +fi cd - # Check for inferred ontology -if [ ! -d "$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" ]; then +if [ ! -f "$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" ]; then echo "Missing inferred ontology for EMMO $version." echo "Please do the following:" echo " 1. Clone $pagesurl" echo " 2. Open http://emmo.info/emmo/$version in Protege" echo " 3. Save inferred ontology to in the cloned GitHub Pages repo as:" - echo" versions/$version/emmo-inferred.owl" + echo " versions/$version/emmo-inferred.owl" echo " 4. Add, commit and push inferred ontology to GitHub Pages" + echo "" exit 1 fi diff --git a/.github/mkreleasetable.py b/.github/mkreleasetable.py index 791e50fa..e9bb3617 100755 --- a/.github/mkreleasetable.py +++ b/.github/mkreleasetable.py @@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ def release_table(pages_dir, unstable_version=None): lines.append(' %s' % ( emmo_url, emmo_url)) lines.append(' %s' % ( - emmo_url + '/emmo-inferred', inferred_url)) + inferred_url, emmo_url + '/emmo-inferred')) lines.append(' %s' % ( - version, html_url)) + html_url, version)) lines.append(' %s' % ( - version, pdf_url)) + pdf_url, version)) lines.append(' ') entries.append('\n'.join(lines)) table = template.format(versions='\n'.join(entries)) diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml index 7bbff99e..61b2192e 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml @@ -3,47 +3,50 @@ name: Generate and copy EMMO documentation to GitHub Pages on: push: branches: - [0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+ - [0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+-* + - '[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+' + - '[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+-*' jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest - env: - python-version 3.7 steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v1 + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - name: Set up Python ${{ python-version }} + - name: Setup Python 3.7 uses: actions/setup-python@v1 with: - python-version: ${{ python-version }} + python-version: 3.7 - - name: Checkout GitHub Pages for EMMO-repo - env: - SSH_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} - GIT_SSH_COMMAND: "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" + - name: Setup git identity run: | - eval "$(ssh-agent -s)" - ssh-add - <<< "${SSH_PRIVATE_KEY}" git config --global user.email "emmo.github.action@github.com" git config --global user.name "EMMO GitHub Action" - git clone git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git ~/pages - - name: Initialise GitHub pages for current version - run: | - ./.github/init_pages.sh ~/pages ${{ github.ref }} + - name: Checkout GitHub Pages for EMMO-repo + uses: actions/checkout@v2 + with: + repository: emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io + path: "pages" + ssh-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} + ssh-strict: no - name: Install EMMO-python run: | + pip install --upgrade pip pip install EMMO - name: Generate inferred ontology run: | echo "TODO" + - name: Initialise GitHub pages for current version + run: | + ref=${{ github.ref }} + version=${ref##*/} + ./.github/init_pages.sh "$PWD/pages" "$version" + - name: Install pandoc 2.1.2 run: | #sudo apt-get install pandoc @@ -52,8 +55,6 @@ jobs: - name: Install other dependencies run: | - python -m pip install --upgrade pip - pip install -r requirements.txt sudo apt-get install graphviz sudo apt-get install texlive-xetex sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-extra @@ -61,25 +62,26 @@ jobs: - name: Generate documentation run: | - versiondir="~/pages/versions/${{ github.ref }}" + ref=${{ github.ref }} + version=${ref##*/} + versiondir="$PWD/pages/versions/$version" inferred="$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" - d=$(python -c 'import os, emmo; print(os.path.dirname(emmo.__file__))') - echo "d=$d" # xxx - cd "$d/examples/emmodoc" - ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html "$inferred" emmo.html - ontodoc --template=emmo.md "$inferred" emmo.pdf + prefix=$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)') + datadir="$prefix/share/EMMO-python" + cd "$datadir/examples/emmodoc" + ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html -p variable=version:${{ github.ref }} "$inferred" emmo.html + ontodoc --template=emmo.md -p variable=version:${{ github.ref }} "$inferred" emmo.pdf mv emmo.html emmo.pdf "$versiondir" cd "$versiondir" git add emmo.html emmo.pdf - git ci -m 'Added emmo.html and emmo.pdf' + git commit -m 'Added emmo.html and emmo.pdf' git push cd - - name: Update release table for README file run: | - python ./.github/mkreleasetable.py ~/pages --unstable-version=${{ github.ref }} --output=~/pages/html/releasetable.html - cd ~/pages + python ./.github/mkreleasetable.py $PWD/pages --unstable-version=${{ github.ref }} --output=$PWD/pages/html/releasetable.html + cd $PWD/pages git add html/releasetable.html - git ci -m 'Updated releasetable' - git push + [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -uno)" ] && git commit -m 'Updated releasetable' && git push cd - diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 1a7dad7c..8a2c12e8 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -74,11 +74,7 @@ To access EMMO from Python, we recommend [EMMO-python](https://github.com/emmo-r ## Pre-inferred ontology and documentation -Browsable documentation and pre-inferred versions of EMMO can be accessed in the table below. - - Your browser doesn't support the object tag. - - +Browsable documentation and pre-inferred versions of EMMO are available on [GitHub Pages](https://emmo-repo.github.io/). --- From c268d1602d7e73c9342cc1d7215e14b234b77a48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2020 18:08:36 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 027/141] Correctly extract version from github ref --- .github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml | 10 ++++++---- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml index 61b2192e..35d7a59b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs: - name: Install pandoc 2.1.2 run: | - #sudo apt-get install pandoc + #sudo apt-get install pandoc # we need v2.1.2 wget https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/releases/download/2.1.2/pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb sudo apt-get install ./pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb @@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ jobs: prefix=$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)') datadir="$prefix/share/EMMO-python" cd "$datadir/examples/emmodoc" - ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html -p variable=version:${{ github.ref }} "$inferred" emmo.html - ontodoc --template=emmo.md -p variable=version:${{ github.ref }} "$inferred" emmo.pdf + ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html -p variable=version:$version "$inferred" emmo.html + ontodoc --template=emmo.md -p variable=version:$version "$inferred" emmo.pdf mv emmo.html emmo.pdf "$versiondir" cd "$versiondir" git add emmo.html emmo.pdf @@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ jobs: - name: Update release table for README file run: | - python ./.github/mkreleasetable.py $PWD/pages --unstable-version=${{ github.ref }} --output=$PWD/pages/html/releasetable.html + ref=${{ github.ref }} + version=${ref##*/} + python ./.github/mkreleasetable.py $PWD/pages --unstable-version=$version --output=$PWD/pages/html/releasetable.html cd $PWD/pages git add html/releasetable.html [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -uno)" ] && git commit -m 'Updated releasetable' && git push From 4583cc3df7f8773bb4828071c470033d98ba6ccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 28 Mar 2020 18:23:38 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 028/141] Fixed typo in annotation --- middle/isq.owl | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 7a75191e..a88c7255 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities InternationalSystemOfQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 From 3b40052e459c646430c727097c70728f0613eeb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2020 09:19:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 029/141] Fixed typo in namespaces in units-extension --- middle/units-extension.owl | 294 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 147 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 0de7ee3b..0f497cfa 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ - - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) @@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - - + + @@ -124,23 +124,23 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + CurrentPerSquareLengthDimension - + - + - + @@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass @@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -265,9 +265,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -280,27 +280,27 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-2 L2 M1 I0 H-1 N-1 J0 - + - + MassLengthPerTimeDimension - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two volumes. VolumePerVolumeUnit @@ -308,9 +308,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + Derived quantities defined in ISO 80000-10:2019 Quantities and units — Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics. AtomAndNuclearPhysicsDerivedQuantity @@ -319,9 +319,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two amount of substances. AmountPerAmountUnit @@ -329,9 +329,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units @@ -341,34 +341,34 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + CurrentPerLengthDimension - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI @@ -378,14 +378,14 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + - + @@ -402,9 +402,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -429,27 +429,27 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + AmountPerCubicLengthDimension - + - + T2 L-2 M-1 I1 H0 N0 J0 - + - + @@ -462,18 +462,18 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + LengthPerSquareTimeDimension - + - + @@ -486,14 +486,14 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + - + @@ -510,9 +510,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + @@ -534,18 +534,18 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + MassPerSquareLengthDimension - + - + @@ -573,14 +573,14 @@ Wikipedia - + - + - + @@ -598,9 +598,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -621,9 +621,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two masses. MassPerMassUnit @@ -631,9 +631,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -646,9 +646,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -670,9 +670,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two velocities. SpeedPerSpeedUnit @@ -680,9 +680,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -695,32 +695,32 @@ Wikipedia - + - + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeAmountDimension - + - + T-2 L3 M-1 I0 H0 N0 J0 - + - + - + @@ -738,10 +738,10 @@ Wikipedia - + - - + + @@ -759,9 +759,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -784,9 +784,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant @@ -797,9 +797,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two lengths. LengthPerLengthUnit @@ -807,9 +807,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -822,9 +822,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -847,10 +847,10 @@ Wikipedia - + - - + + @@ -871,9 +871,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two areas. AreaPerAreaUnit @@ -888,14 +888,14 @@ Wikipedia 1 - + 1 - + @@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + @@ -1486,7 +1486,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + @@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + @@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + @@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + @@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1687,7 +1687,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + From 0535724d8579d776a8c40ffa0662c46c6221b1c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2020 22:44:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 030/141] Added ISQDimensionlessQuantity and its two subclasses PureNumberQuantity and RatioQuantity. Even though all dimensionless quantities are not of the same kind, it is useful to categorise them as dimensionless quantities, especially because the physical dimensionality of ratio quantities are specialised subclasses of dimension one while the physical dimension of pure number quantities is just dimension one. --- middle/isq.owl | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 7a75191e..1a788c07 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -926,6 +926,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. Length @@ -1027,7 +1028,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - + @@ -1134,7 +1135,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - + @@ -1192,6 +1193,63 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. ElectricConductance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + + + + + + + + + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + PureNumberQuantity + + + + + + + + + The ratio of two quantities of the same kind. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + It has been argued [1] that quantities defined as ratios Q=A/B having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are unitless quantities but still have physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Since a quantity in EMMO gets its physical dimensionality from its unit, EMMO defines subclasses of UnitOne with units like MassPerMassUnit, as the measurement unit for rational quantities. + +[1] Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + From 538a666141ed4c7ea749c20303b89f2f5d8aea83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2020 22:55:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 031/141] Added annotations to SIUnit and MultipleUnit and SubMultipleunit --- middle/metrology.owl | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- middle/siunits.owl | 3 +++ 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 773b5de6..27183a87 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -101,21 +101,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - DimensionOne - - - - @@ -251,6 +236,21 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + DimensionOne + + + + @@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ barn + Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. MultipleUnit @@ -454,6 +455,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. SubMultipleUnit @@ -647,6 +649,14 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + + + + + + + + @@ -714,14 +724,6 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. Quantity - - - - - - - - diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 8fddacb2..502bb9a6 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1599,6 +1599,9 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. + The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). + +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures SIUnit From f267aa0ab74c1c8fddc196565f3a2ae5de492c4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 11 Apr 2020 08:27:50 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 032/141] Corrected annotations for dimensionless quantities. --- middle/isq.owl | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index a88c7255..cdcf7e94 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -1170,6 +1170,23 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + + + + From c26723cdbefc9e6c53c4eb311743dbcf60ba602a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2020 16:11:14 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 033/141] Corrected old eludications to use the term 'Perceptual'. --- middle/perceptual.owl | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index cf409439..3000222b 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. + A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. + A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. 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Semiotics (which includes observations). In addition it includes fundamental concepts for different perspectives, in particular Holistic, Reductionistic and Perceptual, as well as a Physicalistic perspective. + +### Domain level +Domain ontologies reuse or specialise concepts from the middle and top level EMMO and specify terms and relationships that are relevant in a domain. A Domain is a particular area of interest, such as a branch of science and technology, e.g. organic chemistry, mechanics, electronics etc. + +### Application level +In addition, there will be application ontologies, which are engineered for a specific use or application focus and whose scope is specified through testable use cases. Application ontologies re-use and extend terms from one or more domain ontologies to apply to a specific application, and generally cannot be reused for other applications. + + +__When the short-hand ‘EMMO’ is used, it generally stands for EMMO Top level and Middle level ontologies.__ + +## EMMO IP and licensing +EMMO (top level and middle level) is co-authored and (shown in brackets) copyrighted by +* Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna) +* Gerhard Goldbeck (Goldbeck Consulting) +* Jesper Friis (SINTEF) +* Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM) +* Georg J. Schmitz (ACCESS) +Updated Authors and Contributors will be published with every release. + + +EMMO is licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License](https://github.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/blob/master/LICENSE.md). +It is a permissive licence which means that everybody can develop domain and application ontologies based on EMMO. + +## Governance remit +EMMO Governance includes overseeing the maintenance and further development of EMMO top- and middle-level ontologies even when funding for the work is obtained from project grants and other sources. + + +It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the [EMMO Governance structure](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_Vlz8Ord-keObAtC_4aIveJDRBSiqDTZ3J2V_Ovhb2U/edit#heading=h.x7hpiijdzgyn) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_Vlz8Ord-keObAtC_4aIveJDRBSiqDTZ3J2V_Ovhb2U/edit#heading=h.1hwhqwfyozfx)). + +*Application Ontologies are beyond the scope of EMMO overall governance and any issues arising are the responsibility of application development.* + +Governance structure +EMMO governance is organised via [EMMC ASBL](https://emmc.eu); i.e. committees and groups concerned with EMMO governance are constituted within the groups structure of EMMC. EMMO Governance Committee members and Group Leaders are either Individual Full Members of EMMC or belong to an organisational member of EMMC. + + +In particular, all EMMO related governance is part of the EMMC Interest Group on Interoperability and Ontologies. All contributors and users of EMMO, including domain and application ontologies are encouraged to join the EMMC Interoperability and Ontologies Interest Group. +Based on input by the EMMO Governance Committee and EMMO Domain Ontology Groups, the EMMC Interoperability and Ontologies Interest Group will be responsible for a high level roadmap which includes planned EMMO developments and objectives. + + +The governance structure is shown graphically in __Figure 1__. + +![Figure 1. EMMO Governance Structure.](EMMO_governance_structure.png) + + +### EMMO Governance Committee +The EMMO Governance committee oversees and coordinates the maintenance and development of EMMO, in particular regarding top and middle level. The EMMO Governance Committee works at a conceptual level and makes high level decisions regarding for example (but not exclusively) key terminology, branches, releases, technical roadmap, general organisational matters of EMMO repository, external collaborations, publications, presentations, membership of EMMO Editors Group, high level decisions regarding domain ontologies, including coordinating cross-domain discussions, like resolution of inconsistencies between domain ontologies. + +Membership of EMMO Governance committee consists of the authors of EMMO (the membership is updated only after a major release) who may co-opt other experts to the committee. + +The EMMO Governance Committee meets in regular intervals, at least once every quarter. EMMO Governance Committee decision-making will be based on consensus finding. Failing that, a majority decision will be taken where all members need to participate in the vote for it to be valid. + + +### EMMO Editors Group +The EMMO Editors Group is responsible for the day-to-day management, technical management, maintenance and development of EMMO (top and middle level as well as domain alignments). EMMO editors are experienced in owl, Protégé, reasoners etc. +Only members of the Editors Group are allowed to accept pull requests and make changes in the ontology. +Members of the EMMO Editors Group are designated staff of the EMMO author organisations with relevant skills and other co-opted experts. +Members of the EMMO Editors Group will be listed in the Readme file of each release. +The EMMO Editors Group must refer to the EMMO Governance Committee for key decisions and provide regular reports and updates to the EMMO Governance Committee. + + +### Domain ontologies governance +Domain ontology development within the EMMO governance structure is strongly encouraged to ensure compatibility, compliance and wide stakeholder involvement. + + +For Domain Ontology development within the framework of EMMO governance and using the official EMMO repository, a proposal for a Domain Ontology development needs to be submitted to and approved by the EMMO Governance Committee. Subsequently, an EMMO Domain Ontology Task Group is formed and Domain Ontology Editor roles are agreed. The Domain Ontology Task Group is responsible for the development and maintenance of the respective Domain Ontology in line with EMMO guidelines and is required to liaise with the EMMO Governance Committee and EMMO Editors Group who oversee the alignment with EMMO middle and top level, and provide general support regarding development, integration and interoperability in line with EMMO guidelines. + + +Following quality control procedures (to be defined separately) a Domain Ontology release may be given an official EMMO Domain Ontology status by the EMMO Governance Committee. + +### Organisation of repositories +The GitHub organisation https://github.com/EMMO-repo/ is the "official" site for development and distribution of EMMO and related domain ontologies and tools. Each of these will have its own git repository within the [EMMO-repo](https://github.com/EMMO-repo/) organisation. The repositories are organised as follows. + +### EMMO +* Organised with EMMO top and middle level ontologies in two separate subfolders. All top level ontologies are also included in the top.owl file which can be addressed using URL http://emmo.info/emmo/top. +* The root folder includes an emmo.owl file containing all EMMO top and middle level ontologies. It can be addressed under the URL http://emmo.info/emmo. +Domain Ontologies +* EMMO Domain Ontologies will be managed within separate repositories. These ontologies will follow the conventions outlined for EMMO and never duplicate any class or relation defined in EMMO top and middle level. Consistency and dependencies between these ontologies shall be managed via Domain Group meetings, liaising with EMMO Editor Group and decision making by EMMO Governance Committee where required. +* It is recommended that domain ontologies are organised hierarchically, such that more specialised domain ontologies will import generic domain-level concepts from less specialised domain ontologies. However, as stated above, detailed management of domain ontologies is beyond the remit of EMMO governance. Rather, general [best practice](http://wiki.opensemanticframework.org/index.php/Ontology_Best_Practices) should be applied. + +#### Tools +* EMMO-repo includes separate repositories for tools that are useful for working with EMMO and EMMO-based ontologies. [EMMO-python](https://github.com/emmo-repo/EMMO-python) is an example of such a tool. Additional tools from different communities may be brought into the EMMO-repo if said parties wish for it, EMMO Editors recommend it and EMMO Governance Committee agrees. + +#### Examples +* EMMO-repo includes a separate repository with application examples. Application examples are managed by a range of contributors and are not generally ‘certified’ by EMMO Editors unless specifically stated. + +### Releases and versioning +All releases of EMMO will be versioned strictly according to the rules of semantic versioning as described on https://semver.org/. Each version will be addressable via URL as follows + +* EMMO (top and middle) release master\ + http://emmo.info/emmo +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/master/emmo.owl +* EMMO (top and middle) version X.Y.Z\ +http://emmo.info/emmo/X.Y.Z +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/X.Y.Z/emmo.owl +* EMMO top release master\ +http://emmo.info/emmo/top/ +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/master/top/ +* EMMO top version X.Y.Z\ +http://emmo.info/emmo/X.Y.Z/top/ +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/X.Y.Z/top/ +* EMMO middle release master\ +http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/ +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/master/middle/ +* EMMO middle version X.Y.Z\ +http://emmo.info/emmo/X.Y.Z/middle/ +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/X.Y.Z/middle/ +* EMMO “my_domain” release master\ +http://emmo.info/my_domain_1/ +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/MY_DOMAIN_1/master/ +* EMMO “my_domain” version X.Y.Z\ +http://emmo.info/my_domain_1/X.Y.Z/ +→ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/MY_DOMAIN_1/X.Y.Z/ + + +The branching model applied for EMMO (and strongly suggested for domain ontologies and tools) is illustrated in Figure 2 following a set of rules: +* Never pull to master except for publishing a new release. Master is only changed via pull requests from a release branch reviewed by the EMMO Editors Group. The master branch always hosts the current stable version. +* Each change of the master branch corresponds to a new release, with a unique semantic version number. All versions should be tagged with the version number prefixed with a “v”. For example, the tag for version 1.0.0 should be “v1.0.0”. +* Work on the next release is done in a separate release branch named after the targeted version. For example, all work towards version 0.9.10 is done in a branch with name “0.9.10”. +* After a release branch has been merged into master, it is kept, but never changed. The IRI of past versions of the EMMO will be redirected to the corresponding branches. +* All features should be associated with an issue. +* Features are developed in separate branches derived from a version branch and merged back via reviewed pull requests. Feature branches should be named “issue-”, where is the issue number and is a short message describing the feature. +* Before issuing, the developer should ensure that all unit and other tests pass. At least one EMMO Editor Group member must be assigned. + + +![Figure 2. EMMO branching model. The light blue horizontal boxes correspond to branches, blue boxes to commits (i.e. snapshots of the repository) and brown boxes to tags.](EMMO_branching_model.png) + +Only ontologies or tools with version number equal to or larger than 1.0.0 are expected to satisfy all requirements. + +An inferred version of the ontology will be published with each release under the URL http://emmo.info/emmo/emmo-inferred +and +http://emmo.info/emmo/X.Y.Z/emmo-inferred. + + +### Documentation +The GitHub release feature and GitHub Pages https://emmo-repo.github.io/ will be used for generated documentation. + +### EMMO conventions +EMMO follows a set of conventions that all ontologies published in a repository under https://github.com/emmo-repo/ are expected to follow. + +#### Naming conventions +* All OWL identifiers are unique IRIs of the following form: + + + http://emmo.info///#EMMO_ + + +where is the repository name, is the current version, is the path to the owl file in the repository (excluding the .owl file name extension) and is a unique UUID for the entity, usually assigned by Protege or a similar tool. See Figure 3 for an example for how to configure Protege to generate correct IRIs for new entities. +* Class labels should be singular nouns and CamelCase. +* Labels for relations should be of the form “hasNoun” (i.e. lowerCamelCase and start with “has” followed by a noun). + +### Structural conventions +* New relations (i.e. object properties) must be either mereotopological or semiotical and be a subrelation of any of the relations defined in EMMO Core. + + +![Figure 3. The dialog in Protege for configuring new IRIs. It is found under File->Preferences menu and then the “New Entities” tab. These settings should be used consistently in all EMMO ontologies.](new_entities.png) + + +## Community contributions and interactions +Domain and application ontology developers and the wider community is encouraged to contribute to EMMO development. + +A FAQ area will be developed to address queries that may already have been answered. + +GitHub features will be used for most of the interactions, in particular issues can be raised by creating an issue, hence requests can be managed by EMMO Editors. diff --git a/doc/EMMO_governance_structure.png b/doc/EMMO_governance_structure.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..190750380f42e02e5916bef6564364f87a7d3410 GIT binary patch literal 38887 zcmd42Wl$YKv@VKEf?IIixVu|$cMtCFZV3*--3d-`4est1+#$HT!yS&?y7m6NTj%|G z6vf`m%DB9#wZj$VB@jR1egXpnLzI#fRR#lt0N#R~!odK4hxx~2fEOs|uTrXT zz>g1{Nf;OyF_@I7u&PJq$(p+d{#^UT<$0p+?Yegz{Yt#I{UWyUEPT7j0SU^G92r5p z(5Kj-AiO3La5OJwgRbwk4&CiTe{4pR%S>+d8qZJ0+Wg0?=$kJ>pkf0j_C2BIt=#uc 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z?Npc5k~|_2y+P0BFSZgI5zM%$V<{`BAa~b6B%Q?Ui>DD3VyCXEf$q+3l1C)s>~WHp zQ%G@M8KcIHV8qx|%oZcfjjcF(oK%<9;&FR;_l1vm^3C623$}5%wvi|A{xf$x@-s~? zxF3O*o~|A$OKQp4x*wfRV)TTO3`vR8`rF)2MR65bQ^ueuDsH!%s*+lEY}`Y9ats;g zjK&^p2UVpguY|o@av41_9fLtnTv7}THH|!d|MUFfw?C!4sFKVnV;GVW=iRzJbq7XeK(oeEtwwjqZBa4YMvi#>rIvw{fdz5Q$yMk#KOk(}&Z%9rXf=;iaro5J% zExF8DI76#Y>Bm9!wVRePjI@kl$9xtPW+!9vXn%r~Uax29$Rvi2OzLwUqQJHqTh0DSUpuaSAc|t|Zjh?Q@_kCBf%ZpL zRez~;;Poc6DS$jkBq+46y^4$tXHWJ%_GItJ9%7~PP&NPk;=NdGW_~jLR$`K(_}RVJ zYvH1P67N(+MU=#2*j|12H(N}7-UEHk4I~4yAH^OhN+O~pVlWyA3bo^LdyXM68YmbL z4uB6Qqpv*K>*KX?qVpA1Az^4dPrmser3Dojj0Q$#rJ^bj79GlOpSzo+)C3GB!wF;V z-?i`B0gf9RJ-V+JtC<_`TB6Yk4^IAP4BDUlyFcT=EzgrT-a8)pJ74z5-2cok`RcHF=qq*{@m*Vkw zPW$}_apoXv{39*PBq)Gr#N@#OZ@5h+`+GH|6d) zc&2-D42lkvt$*qFubWj>RemH3(H}iDo+Lp4icaT!{}=VoYdef_SqA_B002ovPDHLk FV1j10x%dD8 literal 0 HcmV?d00001 From c03b1f0c30002b4eacfb73780689ce9539019d75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 16:25:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 035/141] Updated Governance document. Made figure captions visible and corrected a few missing headers --- doc/EMMO_governance.md | 23 +++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/EMMO_governance.md b/doc/EMMO_governance.md index 3d6b156a..ec5a1217 100644 --- a/doc/EMMO_governance.md +++ b/doc/EMMO_governance.md @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ EMMO (top level and middle level) is co-authored and (shown in brackets) copyrig * Jesper Friis (SINTEF) * Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM) * Georg J. Schmitz (ACCESS) + Updated Authors and Contributors will be published with every release. @@ -35,11 +36,11 @@ It is a permissive licence which means that everybody can develop domain and app EMMO Governance includes overseeing the maintenance and further development of EMMO top- and middle-level ontologies even when funding for the work is obtained from project grants and other sources. -It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the [EMMO Governance structure](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_Vlz8Ord-keObAtC_4aIveJDRBSiqDTZ3J2V_Ovhb2U/edit#heading=h.x7hpiijdzgyn) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_Vlz8Ord-keObAtC_4aIveJDRBSiqDTZ3J2V_Ovhb2U/edit#heading=h.1hwhqwfyozfx)). +It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the [EMMO Governance structure](#Governance structure) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](#Domain ontologies governance)). *Application Ontologies are beyond the scope of EMMO overall governance and any issues arising are the responsibility of application development.* -Governance structure +### Governance structure EMMO governance is organised via [EMMC ASBL](https://emmc.eu); i.e. committees and groups concerned with EMMO governance are constituted within the groups structure of EMMC. EMMO Governance Committee members and Group Leaders are either Individual Full Members of EMMC or belong to an organisational member of EMMC. @@ -49,7 +50,8 @@ Based on input by the EMMO Governance Committee and EMMO Domain Ontology Groups, The governance structure is shown graphically in __Figure 1__. -![Figure 1. EMMO Governance Structure.](EMMO_governance_structure.png) +__Figure 1__. EMMO Governance Structure. +![EMMO Governance Structure](EMMO_governance_structure.png) ### EMMO Governance Committee @@ -80,10 +82,11 @@ Following quality control procedures (to be defined separately) a Domain Ontolog ### Organisation of repositories The GitHub organisation https://github.com/EMMO-repo/ is the "official" site for development and distribution of EMMO and related domain ontologies and tools. Each of these will have its own git repository within the [EMMO-repo](https://github.com/EMMO-repo/) organisation. The repositories are organised as follows. -### EMMO +#### EMMO * Organised with EMMO top and middle level ontologies in two separate subfolders. All top level ontologies are also included in the top.owl file which can be addressed using URL http://emmo.info/emmo/top. * The root folder includes an emmo.owl file containing all EMMO top and middle level ontologies. It can be addressed under the URL http://emmo.info/emmo. -Domain Ontologies + +#### Domain Ontologies * EMMO Domain Ontologies will be managed within separate repositories. These ontologies will follow the conventions outlined for EMMO and never duplicate any class or relation defined in EMMO top and middle level. Consistency and dependencies between these ontologies shall be managed via Domain Group meetings, liaising with EMMO Editor Group and decision making by EMMO Governance Committee where required. * It is recommended that domain ontologies are organised hierarchically, such that more specialised domain ontologies will import generic domain-level concepts from less specialised domain ontologies. However, as stated above, detailed management of domain ontologies is beyond the remit of EMMO governance. Rather, general [best practice](http://wiki.opensemanticframework.org/index.php/Ontology_Best_Practices) should be applied. @@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ http://emmo.info/my_domain_1/X.Y.Z/ The branching model applied for EMMO (and strongly suggested for domain ontologies and tools) is illustrated in Figure 2 following a set of rules: -* Never pull to master except for publishing a new release. Master is only changed via pull requests from a release branch reviewed by the EMMO Editors Group. The master branch always hosts the current stable version. +* Never pull to master. Master is only changed via pull requests from a release branch reviewed by the EMMO Editors Group. The master branch always hosts the current stable version. * Each change of the master branch corresponds to a new release, with a unique semantic version number. All versions should be tagged with the version number prefixed with a “v”. For example, the tag for version 1.0.0 should be “v1.0.0”. * Work on the next release is done in a separate release branch named after the targeted version. For example, all work towards version 0.9.10 is done in a branch with name “0.9.10”. * After a release branch has been merged into master, it is kept, but never changed. The IRI of past versions of the EMMO will be redirected to the corresponding branches. @@ -131,8 +134,8 @@ The branching model applied for EMMO (and strongly suggested for domain ontologi * Features are developed in separate branches derived from a version branch and merged back via reviewed pull requests. Feature branches should be named “issue-”, where is the issue number and is a short message describing the feature. * Before issuing, the developer should ensure that all unit and other tests pass. At least one EMMO Editor Group member must be assigned. - -![Figure 2. EMMO branching model. The light blue horizontal boxes correspond to branches, blue boxes to commits (i.e. snapshots of the repository) and brown boxes to tags.](EMMO_branching_model.png) +![EMMO branching model](EMMO_branching_model.png) +__Figure 2__. EMMO branching model. The light blue horizontal boxes correspond to branches, blue boxes to commits (i.e. snapshots of the repository) and brown boxes to tags. Only ontologies or tools with version number equal to or larger than 1.0.0 are expected to satisfy all requirements. @@ -161,8 +164,8 @@ where is the repository name, is the current version, is ### Structural conventions * New relations (i.e. object properties) must be either mereotopological or semiotical and be a subrelation of any of the relations defined in EMMO Core. - -![Figure 3. The dialog in Protege for configuring new IRIs. It is found under File->Preferences menu and then the “New Entities” tab. These settings should be used consistently in all EMMO ontologies.](new_entities.png) +![Configuring new entities in Protege](new_entities.png) +__Figure 3__. The dialog in Protègè for configuring new IRIs. It is found under File->Preferences menu and then the “New Entities” tab. These settings should be used consistently in all EMMO ontologies. ## Community contributions and interactions From 5b8e6ef71a7845be35e83bf27e6cb15d302afdf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 16:36:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 036/141] Replaced space with hyphen in internal links in the governance document. --- doc/EMMO_governance.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/doc/EMMO_governance.md b/doc/EMMO_governance.md index ec5a1217..86f93ef6 100644 --- a/doc/EMMO_governance.md +++ b/doc/EMMO_governance.md @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ It is a permissive licence which means that everybody can develop domain and app EMMO Governance includes overseeing the maintenance and further development of EMMO top- and middle-level ontologies even when funding for the work is obtained from project grants and other sources. -It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the [EMMO Governance structure](#Governance structure) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](#Domain ontologies governance)). +It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the [EMMO Governance structure](#Governance-structure) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](#Domain-ontologies-governance)). *Application Ontologies are beyond the scope of EMMO overall governance and any issues arising are the responsibility of application development.* From f527fb806102a5fb71b0e1d81bb239f379e417f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 16:38:29 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 037/141] Minor visual fix --- doc/EMMO_governance.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/doc/EMMO_governance.md b/doc/EMMO_governance.md index 86f93ef6..93dffff3 100644 --- a/doc/EMMO_governance.md +++ b/doc/EMMO_governance.md @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ It is a permissive licence which means that everybody can develop domain and app EMMO Governance includes overseeing the maintenance and further development of EMMO top- and middle-level ontologies even when funding for the work is obtained from project grants and other sources. -It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the [EMMO Governance structure](#Governance-structure) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](#Domain-ontologies-governance)). +It is also strongly encouraged that Domain ontology developments take place within the EMMO [Governance structure](#Governance-structure) (see in particular [Domain Ontology Groups](#Domain-ontologies-governance)). *Application Ontologies are beyond the scope of EMMO overall governance and any issues arising are the responsibility of application development.* From 11c4f82ffb0b1699d8722ea0d4ef4640c9da6444 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 16:42:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 038/141] Added a blank line between figures and their captions. --- doc/EMMO_governance.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/doc/EMMO_governance.md b/doc/EMMO_governance.md index 93dffff3..2a1b8ab9 100644 --- a/doc/EMMO_governance.md +++ b/doc/EMMO_governance.md @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Based on input by the EMMO Governance Committee and EMMO Domain Ontology Groups, The governance structure is shown graphically in __Figure 1__. __Figure 1__. EMMO Governance Structure. + ![EMMO Governance Structure](EMMO_governance_structure.png) @@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ The branching model applied for EMMO (and strongly suggested for domain ontologi * Before issuing, the developer should ensure that all unit and other tests pass. At least one EMMO Editor Group member must be assigned. ![EMMO branching model](EMMO_branching_model.png) + __Figure 2__. EMMO branching model. The light blue horizontal boxes correspond to branches, blue boxes to commits (i.e. snapshots of the repository) and brown boxes to tags. Only ontologies or tools with version number equal to or larger than 1.0.0 are expected to satisfy all requirements. @@ -165,6 +167,7 @@ where is the repository name, is the current version, is * New relations (i.e. object properties) must be either mereotopological or semiotical and be a subrelation of any of the relations defined in EMMO Core. ![Configuring new entities in Protege](new_entities.png) + __Figure 3__. The dialog in Protègè for configuring new IRIs. It is found under File->Preferences menu and then the “New Entities” tab. These settings should be used consistently in all EMMO ontologies. From 3c034af51a3446fb7cf5a0ffb2239008be1ecd92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 16:49:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 039/141] Made figure captions curciv to make them stand little more out. --- doc/EMMO_governance.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/EMMO_governance.md b/doc/EMMO_governance.md index 2a1b8ab9..76f7d0cf 100644 --- a/doc/EMMO_governance.md +++ b/doc/EMMO_governance.md @@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ Based on input by the EMMO Governance Committee and EMMO Domain Ontology Groups, The governance structure is shown graphically in __Figure 1__. -__Figure 1__. EMMO Governance Structure. - ![EMMO Governance Structure](EMMO_governance_structure.png) +_**Figure 1.** EMMO Governance Structure._ + ### EMMO Governance Committee The EMMO Governance committee oversees and coordinates the maintenance and development of EMMO, in particular regarding top and middle level. The EMMO Governance Committee works at a conceptual level and makes high level decisions regarding for example (but not exclusively) key terminology, branches, releases, technical roadmap, general organisational matters of EMMO repository, external collaborations, publications, presentations, membership of EMMO Editors Group, high level decisions regarding domain ontologies, including coordinating cross-domain discussions, like resolution of inconsistencies between domain ontologies. @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ The branching model applied for EMMO (and strongly suggested for domain ontologi ![EMMO branching model](EMMO_branching_model.png) -__Figure 2__. EMMO branching model. The light blue horizontal boxes correspond to branches, blue boxes to commits (i.e. snapshots of the repository) and brown boxes to tags. +_**Figure 2.** EMMO branching model. The light blue horizontal boxes correspond to branches, blue boxes to commits (i.e. snapshots of the repository) and brown boxes to tags._ Only ontologies or tools with version number equal to or larger than 1.0.0 are expected to satisfy all requirements. @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ where is the repository name, is the current version, is ![Configuring new entities in Protege](new_entities.png) -__Figure 3__. The dialog in Protègè for configuring new IRIs. It is found under File->Preferences menu and then the “New Entities” tab. These settings should be used consistently in all EMMO ontologies. +_**Figure 3.** The dialog in Protègè for configuring new IRIs. It is found under File->Preferences menu and then the “New Entities” tab. These settings should be used consistently in all EMMO ontologies._ ## Community contributions and interactions From 7e4572c10390b5265a049ad86cf6226da440a674 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 19:52:43 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 040/141] Added a link from the main README file to the governance document. --- README.md | 6 ++++-- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index d721a21b..2ce476bb 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ The overall middle level ontoloiges are collected by the [emmo](emmo.owl) ontolo The OWL2-DL sources are available in RDF/XML format. +A description of the EMMO Governance, organisation of related repositories, +conventions and how to contribute can be found [here](doc/EMMO_governance.md). + ## How To Use It In order to be able to view and navigate the EMMO ontology we recommend to download the Protégé editor from [https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege](https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege). @@ -67,8 +70,7 @@ The fastest way to access the EMMO is to open the ontology via Protégé via the The EMMO hierarchy will be visible only after reasoning inference: use *ctrl-R* to start the reasoner and under the *Entities* tab, select the *Classes* subtab and *Inferred* in the scroll button. -It is recommended to use FaCT++ as reasoner. You can select it through the menu *Reasoner*. An instruction for how to install the FaCT++ plugin on Protege 5.5.0 on Windows can be found in the [doc subdirectory](doc/installing_factplusplus.md). - +It is recommended to use FaCT++ as reasoner. You can select it through the menu *Reasoner*. See [this instruction](doc/installing_factplusplus.md) for how to install the FaCT++ plugin on Protege 5.5.0 on Windows. --- From 9ba99ee227993de30a976cd3b0e4add0260f1ec0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 13:20:35 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 041/141] Annotations Added --- middle/isq.owl | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- middle/metrology.owl | 48 +++++++++-------- 2 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 1a788c07..eaf344e3 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -729,6 +729,30 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + + + + @@ -849,6 +873,25 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +"There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one." + PureNumberQuantity + + + + @@ -1020,6 +1063,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." +SI Brochure AmountDimension @@ -1171,6 +1216,25 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + The ratio of two quantities of the same kind. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + It has been argued [1] that quantities defined as ratios Q=A/B having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are unitless quantities but still have physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Since a quantity in EMMO gets its physical dimensionality from its unit, EMMO defines subclasses of UnitOne with units like MassPerMassUnit, as the measurement unit for rational quantities. + +[1] Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + + + + @@ -1193,63 +1257,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. ElectricConductance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - - - - - - - - - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - PureNumberQuantity - - - - - - - - - The ratio of two quantities of the same kind. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant - It has been argued [1] that quantities defined as ratios Q=A/B having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are unitless quantities but still have physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - -Since a quantity in EMMO gets its physical dimensionality from its unit, EMMO defines subclasses of UnitOne with units like MassPerMassUnit, as the measurement unit for rational quantities. - -[1] Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - RatioQuantity - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 773b5de6..57ea4c5b 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -101,21 +101,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - DimensionOne - - - - @@ -251,6 +236,23 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." +SI Brochure + DimensionOne + + + + @@ -647,6 +649,14 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + + + + + + + + @@ -714,14 +724,6 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. Quantity - - - - - - - - From b1458a85e0a6d17ab3a8ac2a8b690810cdc03675 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 3 May 2020 00:03:37 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 042/141] Added Probability as a RatioQuantity. --- middle/units-extension.owl | 12 ++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 0f497cfa..3d0b3f58 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -756,6 +756,18 @@ Wikipedia Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber + + + + + + + + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + From fa8998f4063ec45df1ed1551f6d212c69e149e10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2020 14:09:17 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 043/141] Updated command line arguments for emmocheck --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index aedb6953..09c6ddf8 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | - emmocheck --iri emmo.owl + emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported emmo.owl From 66491dffe95d3c1a970ded8aa4b5c9a805b0e2db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2020 10:15:29 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 044/141] Material Manufacturing Changes - matter and material are now distinct - added engineered/natural material - added -device to system and component classes --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++-- middle/materials.owl | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- middle/physicalistic.owl | 24 ++++++++++++------------ 3 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 61acd703..2dd1f43d 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -54,7 +55,16 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Component + ComponentDevice + + + + + + + + + NaturalMaterial @@ -105,7 +115,17 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - System + SystemDevice + + + + + + + + + + EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 004d03e1..8e0d07d3 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -1,27 +1,24 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -30,12 +27,15 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. - MaterialState + MatterState https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. H20, C6H12O6, CH4 @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - + Subatomic @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - + @@ -307,10 +307,10 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - 2 + 1 - 1 + 2 1 @@ -322,5 +322,5 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - + diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index 6ab21f04..a5fe9551 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -1,26 +1,23 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -29,12 +26,15 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. + A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances). The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). Material @@ -253,5 +253,5 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - + From ae9fccd2ebb207772a7c0ed811a4efcb04de8396 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Mon, 29 Jun 2020 10:35:26 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 045/141] FirstDraft First version of the SimDOME CB application ontology --- catalog-v001.xml | 2 + middle/manufacturing.owl | 1 + middle/materials.owl | 30 +-- middle/models.owl | 24 +- middle/physicalistic.owl | 4 +- simdome.owl | 509 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 530 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) create mode 100644 simdome.owl diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml index 463197dd..b120ae7a 100644 --- a/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/catalog-v001.xml @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ + + diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 2dd1f43d..27a751c6 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + A material coming from a manufacturing process. EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 8e0d07d3..88fa2fdb 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -90,24 +90,6 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - - - - - - - - A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. - MatterState - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 - - - - @@ -127,7 +109,6 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. H20, C6H12O6, CH4 An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. @@ -175,7 +156,6 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - Subatomic @@ -211,7 +191,6 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 @@ -265,7 +244,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - @@ -304,20 +282,20 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part Nucleus - 1 + 2 1 - - 2 - 1 1 + + 1 + diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 452075af..0554e0da 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -1,27 +1,24 @@ + xmlns:units="http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -30,12 +27,15 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -319,5 +319,5 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - + diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index a5fe9551..b468176e 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances). - The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). + The definition states that a 'Material' is a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample. Material @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. + The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences. Physicalistic diff --git a/simdome.owl b/simdome.owl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4084198f --- /dev/null +++ b/simdome.owl @@ -0,0 +1,509 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasOutput + + + + + + + + + hasInput + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vessel and the enclosed volume where the actual reactions take place, including all components (e.g. stirrer, heaters, sensors, cooling channels) that are related to the control of reaction process. + SynthesisReactor + + + + + + + + + MassFlowRate + + + + + + + + + + Gas + + + + + + + + + Nitrogen + + + + + + + + + Benzene + + + + + + + + + C2H2 + + + + + + + + + Solution + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MaterialSynthesisSystem + + + + + + + + + PhysicsPhenomenon + + + + + + + + + ParticleSynthesisReactor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleSynthesisSystem + + + + + + + + + MassFraction + + + + + + + + + Suspension + + + + + + + + + + Plasma + + + + + + + + + + Aerosol + + + + + + + + + CarbonBlackSynthesisReactor + + + + + + + + + ParticleVolumeFraction + + + + + + + + + PhaseOfMatter + + + + + + + + + ChemicalPhenomenon + + + + + + + + + MaterialSynthesis + + + + + + + + + Colloid + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CarbonBlackSynthesisSystem + + + + + + + + + + Liquid + + + + + + + + + C6H6 + + + + + + + + + NanoparticleSynthesis + + + + + + + + + Area + + + + + + + + + ChemicalReaction + + + + + + + + + StateOfMatter + + + + + + + + + ParticleQuantity + + + + + + + + + Acetylene + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CarbonBlackSynthesis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CarbonBlack + + + + + + + + + ParticleSynthesis + + + + + + + + + ParticleNumberDensity + + + + + + + + + ParticleSizeDistribution + + + + + + + + + MeanParticleSize + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CarbonBlackSynthesisGas + + + + + + + + + N2 + + + + + + + + + FractalDimension + + + + + + + + + Mixture + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NanoparticleSynthesisSystem + + + + + + + + + NanoparticleSynthesisReactor + + + + + + + + + ParticleSizeClass + + + + + + + From 572b3c951f201fae66e49c9a3d5e229dee63884f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2020 11:02:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 046/141] Mixture addition - added mixture hierarchy - simplified engineered subclasses --- emmo.owl | 4 +- middle/holistic.owl | 16 ++-- middle/manufacturing.owl | 25 ++--- middle/reductionistic.owl | 2 +- simdome.owl | 191 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- 5 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 105 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index a48d5071..2145af9e 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 13f94241..28e7225f 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. + A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). -Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ. +A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule). +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") Holistic @@ -121,13 +121,11 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. - A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. -Following the common definition of process, every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. +However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). -However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist. - -A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist, i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason. +A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist (i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason). Process diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 27a751c6..0f253f7b 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - ComponentDevice + An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. + +Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" + Device @@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. + A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -105,27 +109,12 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - - - - - - - SystemDevice - - - - - A material coming from a manufacturing process. + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index d8067876..9a49d1d1 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist can provide univocal tessellation in time. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. diff --git a/simdome.owl b/simdome.owl index 4084198f..9da1529a 100644 --- a/simdome.owl +++ b/simdome.owl @@ -127,26 +127,21 @@ - + - - - - - - - - - MaterialSynthesisSystem + + + A phenomenon that can be described using categories of physics. + PhysicsPhenomenon - + - - - PhysicsPhenomenon + + + Gel @@ -160,26 +155,38 @@ - + - - - - - - - - - ParticleSynthesisSystem + + + MassFraction - + - - - MassFraction + + + Emulsion + + + + + + + + + LiquidSol + + + + + + + + + Spray @@ -188,6 +195,7 @@ + An heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. Suspension @@ -203,11 +211,19 @@ + + + + + Vapor + + + + - - + Aerosol @@ -222,6 +238,34 @@ + + + + + Smoke + + + + + + + + + SolidSol + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + + + + @@ -244,6 +288,7 @@ + A phenomenon that can be described using categories of chemistry. ChemicalPhenomenon @@ -262,26 +307,12 @@ + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. Colloid - - - - - - - - - - - CarbonBlackSynthesisSystem - - - - @@ -301,6 +332,33 @@ + + + + + LiquidAerosol + + + + + + + + + SolidAerosol + + + + + + + + + SolidFoam + + + + @@ -323,6 +381,7 @@ + A phenomenon that involves the interaction between reactive atomic species from atomic to continuum level. ChemicalReaction @@ -425,21 +484,11 @@ - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - CarbonBlackSynthesisGas + + + LiquidFoam @@ -453,6 +502,15 @@ + + + + + Dust + + + + @@ -471,21 +529,6 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - NanoparticleSynthesisSystem - - - - From 7260518b8b980ef367ff0fdfb9b20657443d08d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Mon, 6 Jul 2020 14:56:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 047/141] Further SimDOME extension --- middle/physicalistic.owl | 3 +- simdome.owl | 403 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 396 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index b468176e..c4f47a40 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -100,8 +100,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances). - The definition states that a 'Material' is a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample. + A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. Material diff --git a/simdome.owl b/simdome.owl index 9da1529a..8c5a115b 100644 --- a/simdome.owl +++ b/simdome.owl @@ -62,11 +62,30 @@ + + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + + + + + + + + ThermalBlackSynthesis + + + + - - The vessel and the enclosed volume where the actual reactions take place, including all components (e.g. stirrer, heaters, sensors, cooling channels) that are related to the control of reaction process. + + A reactor in which raw materials are synthesized into another material. SynthesisReactor @@ -91,6 +110,36 @@ + + + + + A device built with the purpose to host, stimulate or control a specific phenomena (or phenomenon) that occurs thanks to the interactions between the enclosed physical objects. + From Latin prefix re- (again) and agere (to act). + Reactor + + + + + + + + + ThermalOxidativeDecomposition + + + + + + + + + + ChannelBlackSynthesis + + + + @@ -103,16 +152,85 @@ - + Benzene + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) hydroxides + NMCHydroxides + + + + + + + + + The synthesis of nanoparticles through a plasma driven reactor. + PlasmaNanoparticleSynthesis + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + + NanoParticle + + + + + + + + + SemibatchReactor + + + + + C2H2 @@ -121,7 +239,7 @@ - + Solution @@ -173,6 +291,16 @@ + + + + + + AcetylineBlackSynthesis + + + + @@ -182,6 +310,16 @@ + + + + + + LampblackSynthesis + + + + @@ -194,13 +332,23 @@ - + An heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. Suspension + + + + + + LiquidSolution + + + + @@ -266,6 +414,46 @@ + + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AcqueousSolution + + + + + + + + + NanoMaterial + + + + + + + + + A material in which a solute can be dissolved. + +A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes). + Solvent + + + + + + + + + Hydrocarbon + + + + @@ -275,6 +463,15 @@ + + + + + H2 + + + + @@ -284,6 +481,16 @@ + + + + + A material that undergoes chemical changes. + ReactiveMaterial + + + + @@ -306,13 +513,23 @@ - + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. Colloid + + + + + + DegussaGasSynthesis + + + + @@ -327,11 +544,59 @@ + C6H6 + + + + + + FurnaceBlackSynthesis + + + + + + + + + Hydrogen + + + + + + + + + DCPlasmaReactor + + + + + + + + + ContinuousStirredTankReactor + + + + + + + + + The simultaneous precipitation of more than one compound from a solution, normally soluble under the conditions employed. + Coprecipitation + + + + @@ -350,6 +615,15 @@ + + + + + ThermalPlasmaReactor + + + + @@ -363,6 +637,7 @@ + The synthesis process for particles lying in the 1-100 nm range (nanoparticles). NanoparticleSynthesis @@ -377,6 +652,15 @@ + + + + + BatchReactor + + + + @@ -387,6 +671,33 @@ + + + + + CatalyticReactor + + + + + + + + + PlugFlowReactor + + + + + + + + + Argon + + + + @@ -408,7 +719,7 @@ - + Acetylene @@ -433,6 +744,7 @@ + @@ -448,10 +760,20 @@ + + + + + ThermalDecomposition + + + + + The synthesis process of a material in the form of particles. ParticleSynthesis @@ -470,7 +792,10 @@ - ParticleSizeDistribution + Defined as particle number density per log(D), where D is the size of the bin containing the particle set. + +dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diameters for the bin. + ParticleNumberDensityPerSize @@ -493,10 +818,32 @@ + + + + + + The synthesis of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) hydroxides through aqueous co-precipitation, from the aqueous solutions of nickel, manganese and cobalt sulphates and sodium hydroxide, in the presence of ammonia. + NMCHydroxidesCoprecipitation + + + + + + + + + The engineered vessel and the enclosed volume where designed chemical reactions take place, including all components (e.g. stirrer, heaters, sensors, cooling channels) that are related to the control of reaction process. + ChemicalReactor + + + + + N2 @@ -511,6 +858,26 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material that is used as a source of specific matter type in a manufacturing process. + Precursor + + + + @@ -538,12 +905,32 @@ + + + + + A reactor in which a plasma source is the driver for the desired reaction or phenomena to occur. + PlasmaReactor + + + + + A vector with particle diameters defining the bins for a specific ParticleSizeDistributionPerSize ParticleSizeClass + + + + + + + + RFPlasmaReactor + From 866cef85833c1af64c0b22ff99e2fdb3fe8b8844 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2020 12:33:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 048/141] Math Model Update --- middle/math.owl | 501 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- middle/models.owl | 2 +- simdome.owl | 192 +++++++++++++++++- 3 files changed, 445 insertions(+), 250 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index f446d627..2aaba63b 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -1,27 +1,24 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -30,12 +27,15 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -111,11 +111,25 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + + + Δ + + + + Laplacian + + + + - + Vector @@ -160,6 +174,26 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + 2x+3 + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + + + + + + + + + Matrix + + + + @@ -191,11 +225,96 @@ k A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. + +More than one numeral stand for the same number. + +In the EMMO abstract entities does not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). + +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). + +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. + +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. Number + + + + + Exponent + + + + + + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) + DefiningEquation + + + + + + + + + + + * + + + + Multiplication + + + + + + + + + AlgebricOperator + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + Minus + + + + + + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) + FunctionDefinition + + + + @@ -206,6 +325,23 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac + + + + + + + = + + + + + The equals symbol. + Equals + + + + @@ -284,8 +420,8 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. - Formula + A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false. + MathematicalFormula @@ -310,6 +446,73 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac + + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + + + + + + + + + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + Polynomial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 * a - b = c + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + + + + + + + + + + + / + + + + Division + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 = 2 + ArithmeticEquation + + + + @@ -331,6 +534,21 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac + + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + + + + @@ -368,6 +586,25 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + + + + + MathematicalOperator + + + + + + + + + DifferentialOperator + + + + @@ -418,242 +655,12 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - - - - - + - - - 2x+3 - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - - - - - - - - - Matrix - - - - - - - - - Exponent - - - - - - - + Array - - - - - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) - DefiningEquation - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - - - - - - - - - AlgebricOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - - - - - - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - FunctionDefinition - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - Plus - - - - - - - - - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - Polynomial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 * a - b = c - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - - - - - - - - - - - / - - - - Division - - - - - - - - - 1 + 1 = 2 - ArithmeticEquation - - - - - - - - - - - ∇ - - - - Gradient - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalOperator - - - - - - - - - DifferentialOperator - 1 @@ -661,5 +668,5 @@ y = f(x) - + diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 0554e0da..b6b6745e 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. + A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. DataBasedModel diff --git a/simdome.owl b/simdome.owl index 8c5a115b..81668e1b 100644 --- a/simdome.owl +++ b/simdome.owl @@ -192,7 +192,16 @@ + + + + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. PhaseHeterogeneousMixture @@ -217,6 +226,28 @@ + + + + + + TwoWayCatalyst + + + + + + + + + + A photon induced phenomenon that changes the chemical nature of the object. + A molecular dissociation induced by photon. + PhotoChemistryPhenomenon + + + + @@ -245,6 +276,25 @@ + + + + + + GasolineParticleFilter + + + + + + + + + Nucleation + + + + @@ -264,6 +314,15 @@ + + + + + CatalyticConverter + + + + @@ -372,6 +431,7 @@ + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. Aerosol @@ -476,6 +536,11 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + +[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)] PhaseOfMatter @@ -504,7 +569,7 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc - + MaterialSynthesis @@ -520,6 +585,17 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. + Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. + ContinuousManufacturing + + + + @@ -530,6 +606,15 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + Filter + + + + @@ -550,6 +635,15 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + MaterialTreatment + + + + @@ -569,6 +663,16 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + A phenomenon which is driven by the interaction of an object with photon. + PhotoInducedPhenomenon + + + + @@ -587,6 +691,17 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. + Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. + DiscreteManufacturing + + + + @@ -597,6 +712,26 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + HomogeneousNucleation + + + + + + + + + A photon induced phenomenon that does not changes the chemical nature of the object. + The absorption of a photon by a molecule, whose excitation does not change the molecular structure. + PhotoPhysicsPhenomenon + + + + @@ -643,6 +778,22 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + + + + + + + + ExhaustAfterTreatment + + + + @@ -671,6 +822,15 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc + + + + + ExhaustEmissionControlDevice + + + + @@ -822,13 +982,22 @@ dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diame - + The synthesis of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) hydroxides through aqueous co-precipitation, from the aqueous solutions of nickel, manganese and cobalt sulphates and sodium hydroxide, in the presence of ammonia. NMCHydroxidesCoprecipitation + + + + + NMCHydroxidesSynthesis + + + + @@ -878,6 +1047,15 @@ dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diame + + + + + HeterogeneousNucleation + + + + @@ -905,6 +1083,16 @@ dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diame + + + + + + ThreeWayCatalyst + + + + From f91769b72ffcfc0df2bdd90db0118f10578d7018 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2020 21:34:55 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 049/141] Updated instructions for FaCT++ since path to OpenJDK has changed --- doc/installing_factplusplus.md | 11 ++++++++--- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/installing_factplusplus.md b/doc/installing_factplusplus.md index f4511c4a..e8eb1c58 100644 --- a/doc/installing_factplusplus.md +++ b/doc/installing_factplusplus.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Fortunately a solution has been posted on http://protege-project.136.n4.nabble.c Instructions ------------ 1. Ensure that "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio" is installed. -2. Download [OpenJDK](https://jdk.java.net/13/) and extract the zip file. -3. Download the [FaCT++ plugin](https://bitbucket.org/dtsarkov/factplusplus/downloads/uk.ac.manchester.cs.owl.factplusplus-P5.x-v1.6.5.jar) and save it in the Protégé plugin directory. -4. Download the [fix](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/jpi-seb/12627bba6509a85a9c75afd262e78469/raw/28016a4b292c94549623c71dff4028cbea274a29/factplusplus-P5.x-v1.6.5-manifest-fix-win10.txt) to the same directory. +2. Download [OpenJDK][openjdk] and extract the zip file. +3. Download the [FaCT++ plugin][factppplugin] and save it in the Protégé plugin directory. +4. Download the [fix][factppfix] to the same directory. 5. Open a command window in the plugin directory and run ```Shell Session @@ -16,3 +16,8 @@ Instructions ``` 6. Open Protégé and check that FaCT++ can be found under the Reasoner menu. + + +[openjdk]: https://download.java.net/java/GA/jdk13/5b8a42f3905b406298b72d750b6919f6/33/GPL/openjdk-13_windows-x64_bin.zip +[factppplugin]: https://bitbucket.org/dtsarkov/factplusplus/downloads/uk.ac.manchester.cs.owl.factplusplus-P5.x-v1.6.5.jar +[factppfix]: https://gist.githubusercontent.com/jpi-seb/12627bba6509a85a9c75afd262e78469/raw/28016a4b292c94549623c71dff4028cbea274a29/factplusplus-P5.x-v1.6.5-manifest-fix-win10.txt From faef15e21babc1bbc8e20b42491ef9cce3b1f2b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2020 22:41:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 050/141] Simplified the use of physical dimensionality to speed up the reasoner. --- middle/isq.owl | 292 +++++++++++-------------------------------- middle/metrology.owl | 4 +- middle/siunits.owl | 103 ++++++--------- 3 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 282 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index df5febe5..138730c7 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -68,13 +68,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + ElectricInductance @@ -92,13 +87,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) @@ -130,13 +120,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + Charge @@ -175,13 +160,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Force @@ -213,7 +193,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeCurrentDimension + ElectricPotentialDimension @@ -224,13 +204,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy @@ -252,7 +227,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension + ElectricConductanceDimension @@ -263,13 +238,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux @@ -286,13 +256,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy @@ -313,7 +278,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassSquareLengthPerTemperatureSquareTimeDimension + EntropyDimension @@ -328,7 +293,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension + MagneticFluxDimension @@ -339,13 +304,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + Voltage @@ -367,7 +327,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - LengthPerTimeDimension + SpeedDimension @@ -382,7 +342,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassSquareLengthPerTimeDimension + AngularMomentumDimension @@ -393,13 +353,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure @@ -415,13 +370,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity @@ -441,7 +391,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - PerTimeDimension + FrequencyDimension @@ -456,7 +406,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassPerLengthSquareTimeDimension + PressureDimension @@ -471,7 +421,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + ForceDimension @@ -486,7 +436,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeSquareCurrentDimension + InductanceDimension @@ -501,7 +451,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - LuminousIntensityCubicTimePerMassLengthDimension + LuminousEfficacyDimension @@ -516,7 +466,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - LuminousIntensityPerSquareLengthDimension + IlluminanceDimension @@ -527,13 +477,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature @@ -556,7 +501,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeSquareCurrentDimension + ElectricResistanceDimension @@ -581,13 +526,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance @@ -608,7 +548,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - SquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + AbsorbedDoseDimension @@ -619,13 +559,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency @@ -642,13 +577,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + Decays per unit time. @@ -664,13 +594,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose @@ -687,13 +612,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field @@ -711,13 +631,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + ElectricCapacitance @@ -735,13 +650,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity @@ -778,7 +688,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - TimeCurrentDimension + ElectricChargeDimension @@ -803,13 +713,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature @@ -830,7 +735,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - QuarticTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension + CapacitanceDimension @@ -856,13 +761,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance @@ -898,13 +798,8 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - - + + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. @@ -924,7 +819,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeDimension + PowerDimension @@ -934,13 +829,8 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current @@ -956,13 +846,8 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - - + + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 @@ -985,7 +870,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - AmountPerTimeDimension + CatalyticActivityDimension @@ -995,13 +880,8 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - - + + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 @@ -1036,13 +916,8 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux @@ -1099,13 +974,8 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - - + + Resistance @@ -1128,7 +998,7 @@ SI Brochure - MassPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension + MagneticFluxDensityDimension @@ -1138,13 +1008,8 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - - + + @@ -1211,7 +1076,7 @@ SI Brochure - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + EnergyDimension @@ -1239,13 +1104,8 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param - - - - - - - + + Conductance diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 1e5ff461..bb6ff9ac 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasPhysicsDimension + hasPhysicalDimension @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PhysicsDimension + PhysicalDimension diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 502bb9a6..ba0922cc 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + @@ -171,13 +171,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant @@ -312,7 +307,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -335,7 +330,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -370,7 +365,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -531,13 +526,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - + + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. @@ -567,7 +557,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -657,7 +647,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -723,13 +713,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant @@ -747,7 +732,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -782,7 +767,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -805,7 +790,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -828,13 +813,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -852,7 +832,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -904,7 +884,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -957,7 +937,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1009,7 +989,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1032,7 +1012,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1055,7 +1035,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1078,7 +1058,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1130,7 +1110,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1154,7 +1134,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1188,7 +1168,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1211,7 +1191,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1234,7 +1214,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1286,7 +1266,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1309,7 +1289,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1335,7 +1315,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1387,7 +1367,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1410,7 +1390,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1498,7 +1478,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1569,7 +1549,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + @@ -1613,13 +1593,8 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - - - - - - - + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant From 9fd288a4946488dd9faadebffe7d2cc1d973bc4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2020 22:57:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 051/141] Added a versionInfo annotation to PhysicalDimension about the changes in this and the previous commit. --- middle/isq.owl | 9 ++------- middle/metrology.owl | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 138730c7..a8da622d 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -1048,13 +1048,8 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - - + + PlaneAngle diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index bb6ff9ac..81628dad 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -61,6 +61,25 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. hasReferenceUnit + In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + Length hasReferenceUnit only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The name of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. From 087bed1c62085d5b4439249131cb765e2d7c6ff5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2020 00:14:21 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 052/141] Also fixed SolidAngle which was missed in previous commit --- middle/isq.owl | 9 ++------- middle/metrology.owl | 2 +- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index a8da622d..4efd663b 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -951,13 +951,8 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - - + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 81628dad..7afb92d4 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension -The name of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. From 69201acaab780c48bfb2abafca128b299ac03f3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2020 00:19:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 053/141] For now, skip checking definition of units and quantities --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index 09c6ddf8..b1cf963d 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | - emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported emmo.owl + emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported emmo.owl --skip=test_*_dimension emmo.owl From 6732cc955b7055a5156238772cc205099c5a2657 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2020 00:22:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 054/141] Corrected syntax in ci_emmocheck.yml --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index b1cf963d..3eb9ad1b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | - emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported emmo.owl --skip=test_*_dimension emmo.owl + emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported --skip=test_*_dimension emmo.owl From 1c342405f34d4847561df620e3fe42ccf72d5e8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 13:34:53 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 055/141] Added hasPhysicalDimension annotation to physical quantities Removed hasPhysicalDimension object property from physical quantities --- middle/isq.owl | 219 ++++++++++++------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 4efd663b..9ac70bca 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -36,6 +36,29 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + + + + + A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. + +See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. + hasPhysicalDimension + + + + + - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -475,12 +448,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. @@ -524,12 +492,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 @@ -557,12 +520,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 @@ -575,12 +533,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -592,12 +545,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 @@ -610,12 +558,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 @@ -629,12 +572,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 ElectricCapacitance http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. @@ -648,12 +586,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity @@ -711,12 +644,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 @@ -759,12 +687,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 @@ -796,12 +719,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -827,12 +745,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 @@ -844,12 +757,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. @@ -878,12 +786,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. @@ -914,12 +817,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 @@ -967,12 +865,7 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 Resistance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. @@ -1001,12 +894,6 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - @@ -1017,6 +904,7 @@ SI Brochure + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 @@ -1092,12 +980,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param - - - - - - + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 Conductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. From 16d425bd4f57ad79d842f3884f8b519bfbbf5794 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 14:21:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 056/141] Updated the description of the perceptual perspective. --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5ae361a2..f877e59e 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The *Reductionistic* perspective class uses the fundamental non-transitive parth The *Holistic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that unfold in time in a way that has a meaning for the EMMO user, through the definition of the classes *Process* and *Participant*. -The *Phenomenic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that express of a recognisable pattern in space or time that impress the user. Under this class the EMMO categorises e.g. formal languages, pictures, geometry, mathematics and sounds. Phenomenic objects can be used in a semiotic process as signs. +The *Perceptual* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that can be perceived by the user as a recognisable pattern in space or time. Under this class the EMMO categorises e.g. formal languages, pictures, geometry, mathematics and sounds. Phenomenic objects can be used in a semiotic process as signs. The *Physicalistic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the under applied physics perspective. From f1998a33e6e90ff773817198d7e39af9d6841885 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 14:23:20 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 057/141] Added MarketPlace, VIMMP and OntoTrans to acknowledgement --- README.md | 9 +++++++-- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5ae361a2..c06fe358 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -91,9 +91,14 @@ Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + ### Acknowledgement -This work is conducted under the framework of the [SimDOME](https://simdome.eu) project (2019-2023), that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 814492 +This work has been supported by several European projects, including: -This work was conducted under the framework of the [EMMC-CSA](https://emmc.info) project (2016-2019), that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 723867 + - [EMMC-CSA](https://emmc.info) (2016-2019), that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 723867. + - [SimDOME](https://simdome.eu) (2019-2023), that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 814492. + - [MarketPlace](https://www.the-marketplace-project.eu) (2018-2022) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 760173. + - [VIMMP](https://www.vimmp.eu) (2018-2021) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 760907. + - [OntoTrans](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/862136) (2020-2024) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 862136. This work was conducted using the Protégé resource, which is supported by grant GM10331601 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the United States National Institutes of Health. From 37eb2407916ab3c14e8d5612bee49c377fc569ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 15:36:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 058/141] Corrected the IRIs for Newton and Farad. Note that this creates a backward incompatible change in EMMO. --- middle/siunits.owl | 15 +++++++-------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 502bb9a6..756fbb48 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1000,12 +1000,11 @@ kg/m^3 Giga - - + - + @@ -1025,10 +1024,10 @@ kg/m^3 + + - - - + @@ -1469,8 +1468,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - + + From 19e7f323eb63dbaeee25ac9cabd8021835a3e029 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 21:26:31 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 059/141] Corrected title of README file Added missing "&" --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index e7146703..3bd0cab4 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [![License: CC BY 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-CC%20BY%204.0-lightgrey.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) -# The European Materials Modelling Ontology (EMMO) +# The European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) ## About EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) for applied sciences. It is based on physics, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It has been instigated by materials science and provides the connection between the physical world, the experimental world (materials characterisation) and the simulation world (materials modelling). It is released under a Creative Commons [CC BY 4.0](LICENSE.md) license. From 68291f1f6991062709eccba61065afac137d93c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 21:35:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 060/141] Update ci_emmocheck.yml Changed to short and concise name --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index 09c6ddf8..4a5f43f7 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -name: Check that EMMO confirms to our conventions +name: Check EMMO conventions on: [push] jobs: From fc456773e40ceda158d20366e106f74f74112016 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 21:37:59 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 061/141] Update ci_emmocheck.yml --- .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index 4a5f43f7..b9b8e77b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -name: Check EMMO conventions +name: Check conventions on: [push] jobs: From 5a16a1da5cf7ee5fce6c64732e085d76e89db838 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 21:43:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 062/141] Update README.md Added badge showing whether the check on EMMO conventions has passes --- README.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3bd0cab4..3ef5b5b0 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ [![License: CC BY 4.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-CC%20BY%204.0-lightgrey.svg)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) +![CI tests](https://github.com/emmo-repo/EMMO/workflows/Check%20conventions/badge.svg) # The European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) From da5e609f436cec0eca5c1c7bd880bff15523c21e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 22:16:56 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 063/141] Renamed hasPhysicalDimension annotation property to physicalDimension to distinguish it from the relation with the same name. --- middle/isq.owl | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 9ac70bca..c4a1697e 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. - hasPhysicalDimension + physicalDimension From 00c259b4d671e7ebc45b361564eb5c6b5f49d705 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Wed, 9 Sep 2020 15:33:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 064/141] Moved Axioms Moved all general SimDOME axioms to md-level classes. Only SimDOME app specific axioms are left in the simdome.owl file --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 16 ++ middle/materials.owl | 394 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- middle/physicalistic.owl | 6 + simdome.owl | 375 +------------------------------------ 4 files changed, 418 insertions(+), 373 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 0f253f7b..00f98615 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -62,7 +62,23 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" Device + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. + Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. + DiscreteManufacturing + + + + + + + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. + Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. + ContinuousManufacturing + diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 88fa2fdb..4596aad5 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -74,6 +74,395 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + + Gas + + + + + + + + + Nitrogen + + + + + + + + + Benzene + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + + NanoParticle + + + + + + + + + + C2H2 + + + + + + + + + Solution + + + + + + + + + Gel + + + + + + + + + Emulsion + + + + + + + + + LiquidSol + + + + + + + + + Spray + + + + + + + + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. + Suspension + + + + + + + + + + LiquidSolution + + + + + + + + + + Plasma + + + + + + + + + Vapor + + + + + + + + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + + + + + + + + + Smoke + + + + + + + + + SolidSol + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + + + + + + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AcqueousSolution + + + + + + + + + NanoMaterial + + + + + + + + + Hydrocarbon + + + + + + + + + H2 + + + + + + + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + +[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)] + PhaseOfMatter + + + + + + + + + A material that undergoes chemical changes. + ReactiveMaterial + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloid + + + + + + + + + + Liquid + + + + + + + + + + C6H6 + + + + + + + + + Hydrogen + + + + + + + + + LiquidAerosol + + + + + + + + + SolidAerosol + + + + + + + + + SolidFoam + + + + + + + + + Argon + + + + + + + + + StateOfMatter + + + + + + + + + Acetylene + + + + + + + + + LiquidFoam + + + + + + + + + + N2 + + + + + + + + + Dust + + + + + + + + + Mixture + + + + @@ -215,6 +604,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. Solid @@ -288,10 +678,10 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 1 diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index c4f47a40..a3a36adf 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -237,7 +237,13 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + diff --git a/simdome.owl b/simdome.owl index 81668e1b..d72039a9 100644 --- a/simdome.owl +++ b/simdome.owl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ - - - - - - - - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - @@ -100,16 +88,6 @@ - - - - - - Gas - - - - @@ -140,21 +118,11 @@ - - - - Nitrogen - - - - - Benzene - @@ -188,41 +156,6 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - - - - - - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - - - - - - - - - NanoParticle - @@ -257,22 +190,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - - C2H2 - - - - - - - - Solution - @@ -305,15 +223,6 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - Gel - - - - @@ -341,15 +250,6 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - Emulsion - - - - @@ -360,15 +260,6 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - LiquidSol - - - - @@ -379,64 +270,6 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - Spray - - - - - - - - - An heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. - Suspension - - - - - - - - - - LiquidSolution - - - - - - - - - - Plasma - - - - - - - - - Vapor - - - - - - - - - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - - - - @@ -446,50 +279,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - Smoke - - - - - - - - SolidSol - - - - - - - - - - GasMixture - - - - - - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AcqueousSolution - - - - - - - - - NanoMaterial - @@ -505,12 +295,7 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc - - - - Hydrocarbon - @@ -523,36 +308,10 @@ A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules oc - - - - - H2 - - - - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - -[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)] - PhaseOfMatter - - - - - - - - - A material that undergoes chemical changes. - ReactiveMaterial - @@ -569,30 +328,13 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - + MaterialSynthesis - - - - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloid - - - - - - - - - A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. - Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. - ContinuousManufacturing - @@ -615,23 +357,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - - - Liquid - - - - - - - - - C6H6 - @@ -654,12 +380,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - Hydrogen - @@ -691,14 +412,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. - Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. - DiscreteManufacturing - @@ -732,24 +446,6 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - - LiquidAerosol - - - - - - - - - SolidAerosol - - - - @@ -759,15 +455,6 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - - SolidFoam - - - - @@ -781,7 +468,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - + @@ -849,21 +536,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - Argon - - - - - - - - - StateOfMatter - @@ -875,13 +548,6 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - - - Acetylene - @@ -904,7 +570,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - + @@ -969,15 +635,6 @@ dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diame - - - - - LiquidFoam - - - - @@ -1008,22 +665,7 @@ dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diame - - - - - N2 - - - - - - - - - Dust - @@ -1065,15 +707,6 @@ dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diame - - - - - Mixture - - - - From 387b471caedb44431c02bc117509b266622eb504 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Wed, 9 Sep 2020 15:34:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 065/141] SimDOME changes to EMMO --- simdome.owl | 760 ---------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 760 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 simdome.owl diff --git a/simdome.owl b/simdome.owl deleted file mode 100644 index d72039a9..00000000 --- a/simdome.owl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,760 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasOutput - - - - - - - - - hasInput - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalBlackSynthesis - - - - - - - - - A reactor in which raw materials are synthesized into another material. - SynthesisReactor - - - - - - - - - MassFlowRate - - - - - - - - - A device built with the purpose to host, stimulate or control a specific phenomena (or phenomenon) that occurs thanks to the interactions between the enclosed physical objects. - From Latin prefix re- (again) and agere (to act). - Reactor - - - - - - - - - ThermalOxidativeDecomposition - - - - - - - - - - ChannelBlackSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) hydroxides - NMCHydroxides - - - - - - - - - The synthesis of nanoparticles through a plasma driven reactor. - PlasmaNanoparticleSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - TwoWayCatalyst - - - - - - - - - - A photon induced phenomenon that changes the chemical nature of the object. - A molecular dissociation induced by photon. - PhotoChemistryPhenomenon - - - - - - - - - SemibatchReactor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GasolineParticleFilter - - - - - - - - - Nucleation - - - - - - - - - A phenomenon that can be described using categories of physics. - PhysicsPhenomenon - - - - - - - - - CatalyticConverter - - - - - - - - - ParticleSynthesisReactor - - - - - - - - - MassFraction - - - - - - - - - - AcetylineBlackSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - LampblackSynthesis - - - - - - - - - CarbonBlackSynthesisReactor - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material in which a solute can be dissolved. - -A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes). - Solvent - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleVolumeFraction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A phenomenon that can be described using categories of chemistry. - ChemicalPhenomenon - - - - - - - - - MaterialSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DegussaGasSynthesis - - - - - - - - - Filter - - - - - - - - - - - - - MaterialTreatment - - - - - - - - - - FurnaceBlackSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - A phenomenon which is driven by the interaction of an object with photon. - PhotoInducedPhenomenon - - - - - - - - - DCPlasmaReactor - - - - - - - - - ContinuousStirredTankReactor - - - - - - - - - - - - - The simultaneous precipitation of more than one compound from a solution, normally soluble under the conditions employed. - Coprecipitation - - - - - - - - - HomogeneousNucleation - - - - - - - - - A photon induced phenomenon that does not changes the chemical nature of the object. - The absorption of a photon by a molecule, whose excitation does not change the molecular structure. - PhotoPhysicsPhenomenon - - - - - - - - - ThermalPlasmaReactor - - - - - - - - - The synthesis process for particles lying in the 1-100 nm range (nanoparticles). - NanoparticleSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ExhaustAfterTreatment - - - - - - - - - Area - - - - - - - - - BatchReactor - - - - - - - - - A phenomenon that involves the interaction between reactive atomic species from atomic to continuum level. - ChemicalReaction - - - - - - - - - ExhaustEmissionControlDevice - - - - - - - - - CatalyticReactor - - - - - - - - - PlugFlowReactor - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CarbonBlackSynthesis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CarbonBlack - - - - - - - - - ThermalDecomposition - - - - - - - - - The synthesis process of a material in the form of particles. - ParticleSynthesis - - - - - - - - - ParticleNumberDensity - - - - - - - - - Defined as particle number density per log(D), where D is the size of the bin containing the particle set. - -dN/dlog(D) where D = log(d(i+1)/d(i)) and d(i) and d(i+1) are the boundary diameters for the bin. - ParticleNumberDensityPerSize - - - - - - - - - MeanParticleSize - - - - - - - - - - The synthesis of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) hydroxides through aqueous co-precipitation, from the aqueous solutions of nickel, manganese and cobalt sulphates and sodium hydroxide, in the presence of ammonia. - NMCHydroxidesCoprecipitation - - - - - - - - - NMCHydroxidesSynthesis - - - - - - - - - The engineered vessel and the enclosed volume where designed chemical reactions take place, including all components (e.g. stirrer, heaters, sensors, cooling channels) that are related to the control of reaction process. - ChemicalReactor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material that is used as a source of specific matter type in a manufacturing process. - Precursor - - - - - - - - - HeterogeneousNucleation - - - - - - - - - FractalDimension - - - - - - - - - NanoparticleSynthesisReactor - - - - - - - - - - ThreeWayCatalyst - - - - - - - - - A reactor in which a plasma source is the driver for the desired reaction or phenomena to occur. - PlasmaReactor - - - - - - - - - A vector with particle diameters defining the bins for a specific ParticleSizeDistributionPerSize - ParticleSizeClass - - - - - - - - - RFPlasmaReactor - - - - - - - From fbb25a99e58d5645f85645be4f02926843cc2592 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Thu, 10 Sep 2020 11:24:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 066/141] Symbol axiom Related to issue #85, the axiom that force each Symbol to have a xsd:String value has been removed --- middle/perceptual.owl | 7 ------- 1 file changed, 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index 3000222b..141a6dd9 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -318,13 +318,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - - - 1 - - - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. From 44c06976801e1dc078b666610268a0523cfa04d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 14:13:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 067/141] Changed annotation from comment to example in PhysicsEquation --- catalog-v001.xml | 4 ++-- middle/models.owl | 4 ++-- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml index b120ae7a..b588f4fd 100644 --- a/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/catalog-v001.xml @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ - - + + diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index b6b6745e..6d5c361c 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. + The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrodinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. PhysicsEquation From f5fefedaffd72b497e6c0503f9ee967e80890679 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 19:34:09 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 068/141] Classes Refactorization - Moved NaturalMaterial and EngineeredMaterial under materials.owl - manufacturing.owl now import materials.owl --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 45 ++++++++++++++++++---------------------- middle/materials.owl | 23 ++++++++++++++++++-- 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 00f98615..295ba1a2 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -51,18 +52,18 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. + -Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" - Device + + + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. + Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. + ContinuousManufacturing - + + + @@ -70,21 +71,18 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. DiscreteManufacturing + - - - - A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. - Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. - ContinuousManufacturing - + - + + + An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. - - - NaturalMaterial +Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" + Device @@ -125,13 +123,10 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - + - + - - A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 4596aad5..23176924 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -541,6 +541,15 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + + + + + NaturalMaterial + + + + @@ -659,6 +668,16 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + + + + + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + + + + @@ -672,13 +691,13 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part Nucleus - 2 + 1 1 - 1 + 2 1 From 466a2a1d8e49b01409997a560f1c2b95c5f9d672 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 19:39:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 069/141] Axioms Added in Manufacturing Added: - Device inverse(hasProperParticipant) some DiscreteManufacturing - EngineeredMaterial inverse(hasProperParticipant) some ContinuousManufacturing --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 295ba1a2..5db05719 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ - + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode @@ -78,6 +78,16 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + + + + + + An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. @@ -127,6 +137,16 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" + + + + + + + + + + From 2ea14c3e3fefb4a475e12d710aac2caa60b1f308 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 20:06:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 070/141] Correct IRI Changed wrong IRI in materials.owl. http://emmo.info/emmo/materials changed into http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials --- domain/commonmaterials.owl | 46 +++++++ middle/manufacturing.owl | 12 +- middle/materials.owl | 238 +++++++++++++++++++------------------ 3 files changed, 174 insertions(+), 122 deletions(-) create mode 100644 domain/commonmaterials.owl diff --git a/domain/commonmaterials.owl b/domain/commonmaterials.owl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c751669 --- /dev/null +++ b/domain/commonmaterials.owl @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + + + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) +Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) +Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) +Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) +Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + Contacts: +Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + +Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 5db05719..44669bbe 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. @@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - + diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 23176924..9e0397ac 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -74,42 +74,41 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - - + Gas - + - + Nitrogen - + - - + + Benzene - + - - + + - + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. @@ -121,197 +120,196 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - + - - + + A single phase mixture. PhaseHomogeneousMixture - + - - + + NanoParticle - + - - + + C2H2 - + - - + + Solution - + - - + + Gel - + - - + + Emulsion - + - - + + LiquidSol - + - - + + Spray - + - - + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. Suspension - + - - - + + + LiquidSolution - + - - + Plasma - + - - + + Vapor - + - - + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. Aerosol - + - - + + Smoke - + - - + + SolidSol - + - - - + + + GasMixture - + - - + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. AcqueousSolution - + - + NanoMaterial - + - + Hydrocarbon - + - + H2 - + - + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. @@ -323,9 +321,9 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - + - + A material that undergoes chemical changes. ReactiveMaterial @@ -333,130 +331,139 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - + - - + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. Colloid - + - - + Liquid - + - - + + C6H6 - + - + Hydrogen - + - - + + LiquidAerosol - + - - + + SolidAerosol - + - - + + SolidFoam - + - + Argon - + - + + + + + + + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter StateOfMatter - + - - + + Acetylene - + - - + + LiquidFoam - + - - + + N2 - + - - + + Dust - + - + Mixture @@ -613,7 +620,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. Solid @@ -691,7 +697,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part Nucleus - 1 + 1 1 @@ -703,7 +709,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - 1 + 1 From 5dee0832e19a02cbc0ca95969b8c141326d06029 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 21:12:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 071/141] Create commonmaterials.owl Domain Ontology A domain ontology domain/commmonmaterials.owl is created to host examples of common materials. --- domain/catalog-v001.xml | 24 +++ domain/commonmaterials.owl | 106 +++++++++- middle/materials.owl | 403 +++++++++++++++---------------------- 3 files changed, 285 insertions(+), 248 deletions(-) create mode 100644 domain/catalog-v001.xml diff --git a/domain/catalog-v001.xml b/domain/catalog-v001.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..761e77ac --- /dev/null +++ b/domain/catalog-v001.xml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/domain/commonmaterials.owl b/domain/commonmaterials.owl index 7c751669..2b9ab5ba 100644 --- a/domain/commonmaterials.owl +++ b/domain/commonmaterials.owl @@ -36,8 +36,110 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nitrogen + + + + + + + + + Benzene + + + + + + + + + + C2H2 + + + + + + + + + Hydrocarbon + + + + + + + + + H2 + + + + + + + + + + C6H6 + + + + + + + + + Hydrogen + + + + + + + + + Argon + + + + + + + + + Acetylene + + + + + + + + + + N2 + diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 9e0397ac..12a9f102 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -78,29 +78,12 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. Gas - - - - - Nitrogen - - - - - - - - - Benzene - - - - @@ -130,21 +113,27 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - + - - - NanoParticle + + + + + + + + + A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. + ElectronCloud - + - - - - C2H2 + + + NanoParticle @@ -158,6 +147,40 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + + + + + + + + + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + StandaloneAtom + + + + + + + + + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H20, C6H12O6, CH4 + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. + +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. + +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. + +e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + Molecule + + + + @@ -185,6 +208,15 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + + + + @@ -232,6 +264,25 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleon + + + + @@ -265,6 +316,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + A gas made of more than one component type. GasMixture @@ -289,27 +341,10 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - Hydrocarbon - - - - - - - - - H2 - - - - + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. @@ -345,209 +380,12 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. Liquid - - - - - - C6H6 - - - - - - - - - Hydrogen - - - - - - - - - LiquidAerosol - - - - - - - - - SolidAerosol - - - - - - - - - SolidFoam - - - - - - - - - Argon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - StateOfMatter - - - - - - - - - Acetylene - - - - - - - - - LiquidFoam - - - - - - - - - - N2 - - - - - - - - - Dust - - - - - - - - - Mixture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. - ElectronCloud - - - - - - - - - - - - - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - StandaloneAtom - - - - - - - - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H20, C6H12O6, CH4 - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. - -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. - -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. - -e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - Molecule - - - - - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleon - - - - @@ -617,6 +455,33 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + + + + + LiquidAerosol + + + + + + + + + SolidAerosol + + + + + + + + + SolidFoam + + + + @@ -627,6 +492,34 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + + + + + + + + + + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + StateOfMatter + + + + + + + + + LiquidFoam + + + + @@ -645,6 +538,15 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + + + + + Dust + + + + @@ -674,6 +576,15 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + + + + + Mixture + + + + @@ -700,16 +611,16 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - 1 + 1 - 2 + 1 1 - 1 + 2 From c911d91dd1451e2ab982b6d9f2bec9f761263df5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 21:44:02 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 072/141] Updated branch added-probability to follow the simplified definition of physical constants. --- .github/.gitignore | 3 + .github/workflows/.gitignore | 1 + .gitignore | 1 + doc/.gitignore | 1 + middle/.gitignore | 1 + middle/isq.owl | 16 +- middle/siunits.owl | 41 +- middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl | 812 -------------- middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl | 335 ------ middle/units-extension.owl | 1662 ++++++++++------------------ 10 files changed, 614 insertions(+), 2259 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .github/workflows/.gitignore create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 doc/.gitignore create mode 100644 middle/.gitignore delete mode 100644 middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl delete mode 100644 middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl diff --git a/.github/.gitignore b/.github/.gitignore index bc6c1ff3..cdbe724d 100644 --- a/.github/.gitignore +++ b/.github/.gitignore @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ releases tmp +keys +pages +scripts old diff --git a/.github/workflows/.gitignore b/.github/workflows/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3367afdb --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +old diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3367afdb --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +old diff --git a/doc/.gitignore b/doc/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3367afdb --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +old diff --git a/middle/.gitignore b/middle/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3367afdb --- /dev/null +++ b/middle/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +old diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index c4a1697e..e5c9d18b 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -700,6 +700,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A pure number, typically the number of something. 1, i, @@ -847,12 +848,7 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 @@ -929,12 +925,7 @@ SI Brochure - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 PlaneAngle http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. @@ -963,6 +954,7 @@ SI Brochure + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. refractive index, volume fraction, diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 3e9ec8ed..736cf418 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -524,12 +520,7 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. LuminousEfficacy @@ -541,6 +532,7 @@ kg/m^3 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -711,12 +703,7 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -811,12 +798,7 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -980,6 +962,7 @@ kg/m^3 Giga + @@ -1004,7 +987,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -1536,6 +1519,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1590,12 +1574,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. diff --git a/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl b/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl deleted file mode 100644 index fcb96a2a..00000000 --- a/middle/todo/property-unit-list.owl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,812 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: -Gerhard Goldbeck -Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) -email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com - -Emanuele Ghedini -University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - Energy per unit temperature change. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - HeatCapacity - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2 - W/m² - WattPerSquareMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M2 - kg/m² - KilogramPerSquareMetre - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) - Product of force and displacement. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - Work - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2 - m² - SquareMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-M - VoltPerMetre - - - - - - - - - YongsModulus - http://dbpedia.org/page/Elastic_modulus - Ratio of stress to strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - ElasticModulus - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence_(optics) - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-SEC - kg⋅m/s - KilogramMetrePerSecond - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-MOL - JoulePerMole - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - The angle incremented in a plane by a segment connecting an object and a reference point per unit time. - AngularVelocity - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L - http://dbpedia.org/page/Litre - Non-SI unit of volume, corresponding 1 cube decimeter. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 - Litre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-M - H/m - HenryPerMetre - - - - - - - - - N⋅s - NewtonSecond - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - ElectricalReactance - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass - The rest mass of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - ElectronMass - - - - - - - - Extension per unit length. - http://dbpedia.org/page/Strain_(chemistry) - Strain - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Spin_(physics) - Quantum-mechanically defined angular momentum of a particle. - Spin - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - RefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - MolarGasConstant - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - The angle incremented in a plane by a segment connecting an object and a reference point per unit time - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - Magnitude of AngularVelocity. - AngularFrequency - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-SEC - m/s - MetrePerSecond - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - Resistance quantum. - VonKlitzingConstant - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M2 - A/m² - AmperePerSquareMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M-K - W/(m⋅K) - WattPerMeterAndKelvin - - - - - - - - - F/m - FaradPerMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV - A non-SI unit of energy corresponding to the amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 - Is approximately equal to 1.6e-19 joules. - ElectronVolt - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M3 - mol/m³ - MolePerCubicMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD-PER-M2 - Cd/m² - CandelaPerSquareMetre - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetization - Amount of magnetic moment per unit volume. - Magnetization - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA - http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare - Non-SI unit for area corresponding to 10 000 m². - Hectare - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-SEC - Pa⋅s - PascalSecond - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass - The rest mass of a proton. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - ProtonMass - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) - Force per unit oriented surface area. - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-SEC2 - m/s² - MetrePerSquareSecond - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight - Force of gravity acting on a body. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - Weight - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M3 - C/m³ - CoulombPerCubeMetre - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction - Volume of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - VolumeFraction - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02988 - ElectricalImpedance - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - - - - - - - - MoleFraction - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) - Amount of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - AmountFraction - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - RybergConstant - - - - - - - - - mol/(m³⋅s) - MolePerCubicMetreAndSecond - - - - - - - - - S/m - SimensPerMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM-M - Ω⋅m - OhmMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERCENT - http://dbpedia.org/page/Percentage - One part in a hundred. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04483 - Percent - - - - - - - - - Measure of plane angles. - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 - Degree - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3 - m³ - CubicMetre - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy - Energy in a thermodynamic system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - Enthalpy - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M - A/m - AmperePerMetre - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - RadiantFlux - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Irradiance - Electromagnetic radiation power per unit surface area. - Irradiance - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - Heat - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - FineStructureConstant - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-M2-PER-SEC - kg⋅m²/s - KilogramSquareMetrePerSecond - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The UIPAC Gold Book definition (https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) of the magnetic permeability in vacuum is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M2 - C/m² - CoulombPerSquareMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M - 1/m - PerMetre - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M3 - kg/m³ - KilogramPerCubicMetre - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - MassFraction - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-K - JoulePerKelvin - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-MOL - m³/mol - CubicMetrePerMole - - - - - - - diff --git a/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl b/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl deleted file mode 100644 index b4176a2a..00000000 --- a/middle/todo/units-leftovers.owl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,335 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: -Gerhard Goldbeck -Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) -email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com - -Emanuele Ghedini -University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - ExtensiveQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical quantity whose magnitude is independent of the extent of the system. - IntensiveQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical quantities that are conserved in any inertial frame. - That is, if a closed system is not affected by external forces, the conserved quantity does not change. - ConservedQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 3d0b3f58..7a118603 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -76,6 +148,47 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + MoleFraction + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + AmountFraction + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricalInductance + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + + + + @@ -101,21 +214,24 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + Mass per volume. + Density + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -124,11 +240,67 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - - - CurrentPerSquareLengthDimension + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration @@ -157,6 +329,18 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + + + + @@ -185,6 +369,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 @@ -225,21 +410,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - T-2 L1 M1 I-2 H0 N0 J0 - - - - @@ -275,25 +445,32 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareLengthDimension + AreaDimension - + - - - T-2 L2 M1 I0 H-1 N-1 J0 + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent - + - - - MassLengthPerTimeDimension + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy @@ -308,13 +485,30 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + - Derived quantities defined in ISO 80000-10:2019 Quantities and units — Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics. - AtomAndNuclearPhysicsDerivedQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-10:ed-2:v1:en + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass @@ -341,25 +535,71 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - - - CurrentPerLengthDimension + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex - + - - - - - - - - + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat + http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) + Product of force and displacement. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Work + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -429,20 +669,84 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - - - AmountPerCubicLengthDimension + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricalImpedance - + - - - T2 L-2 M-1 I1 H0 N0 J0 + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + CurrentDensity + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass @@ -457,31 +761,60 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - CubicLengthDimension + VolumeDimension - + - - - LengthPerSquareTimeDimension + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricalReactance - + - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassCubicLengthDimension + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + Extent of a surface. + Area + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy @@ -510,21 +843,26 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). @@ -534,11 +872,15 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - - - MassPerSquareLengthDimension + + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity @@ -573,6 +915,19 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + + + + @@ -602,17 +957,7 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - - - - - - - + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. @@ -631,17 +976,14 @@ Wikipedia - + - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - PerLengthDimension + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity @@ -680,35 +1022,46 @@ Wikipedia - + - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - T4 L-3 M-1 I2 H0 N0 J0 + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricalConductivity - + - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeAmountDimension + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress - + - - - T-2 L3 M-1 I0 H0 N0 J0 + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration @@ -738,35 +1091,82 @@ Wikipedia - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + + + - + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + + - - - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricalResistivity @@ -796,11 +1196,38 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. @@ -819,17 +1246,14 @@ Wikipedia - + - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MassPerCubicLengthDimension + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume @@ -890,906 +1314,6 @@ Wikipedia Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two areas. AreaPerAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MoleFraction - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - AmountFraction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricalInductance - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - Mass per volume. - Density - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - - - - - - - - - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat - http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) - Product of force and displacement. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - Work - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricalImpedance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - CurrentDensity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricalReactance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - Extent of a surface. - Area - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricalConductivity - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Concentration - http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - Also called "molar concentration" or "amount concentration" or "molarity". - Molarity - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricalResistivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - From d304d62a3097431c3860aa5c650076a92c6e8b5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 23:10:27 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 073/141] Added a few missing annotations. --- middle/materials.owl | 16 ++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 12a9f102..28bcb6bd 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + A gas, liquid, or solid dispersed homogeneously in a gas, liquid, or solid without chemical change. Solution @@ -241,6 +242,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + A homogeneous liquid with of one or more substances dispersed in it without chemical change. LiquidSolution @@ -580,6 +582,12 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + A continuum made by mixing two or more substances together that are not chemically united and that exists in no fixed proportion to each other. + Suspension + +Solution + +Colloid Mixture @@ -607,20 +615,20 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part Nucleus - - 1 - 1 1 + + 2 + 1 - 2 + 1 From cef29ef3ae22fd9421792b93eb5e55c4cac25ad8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2020 01:06:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 074/141] Added Annotations - Added annotations to materials and manufacturing. - Expanded materials branch with more Suspension subclasses and added Dispersion class. --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 46 ++++----- middle/materials.owl | 202 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 2 files changed, 214 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 44669bbe..5dca1cf7 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -52,28 +52,6 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. - Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. - ContinuousManufacturing - - - - - - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. - Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. - DiscreteManufacturing - - - - @@ -97,6 +75,17 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" + + + + + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. + Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. + ContinuousManufacturing + + + + @@ -118,6 +107,17 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" + + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. + Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. + DiscreteManufacturing + + + + @@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" + The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". Manufacturing diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 12a9f102..5d2f48d0 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -84,6 +84,20 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + + + + @@ -133,20 +147,44 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm NanoParticle + + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, Solution + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + SolidSolidSuspension + + + + @@ -162,6 +200,16 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + + + + + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + + + + @@ -181,10 +229,22 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. Gel @@ -194,15 +254,31 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. Emulsion + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water + LiquidGasSuspension + + + + - + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. LiquidSol @@ -217,10 +293,21 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + + + + - + + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. Spray @@ -230,7 +317,18 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - An heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. + + + + + + + + + + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. Suspension @@ -241,6 +339,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. LiquidSolution @@ -250,6 +349,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. Plasma @@ -259,6 +359,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. Vapor @@ -286,8 +387,9 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. Aerosol @@ -297,6 +399,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. Smoke @@ -305,7 +408,9 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. SolidSol @@ -316,7 +421,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A gas made of more than one component type. + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. GasMixture @@ -336,16 +441,29 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm NanoMaterial + + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. @@ -371,6 +489,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. Colloid @@ -390,6 +509,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. NaturalMaterial @@ -459,6 +579,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. LiquidAerosol @@ -468,6 +589,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. SolidAerosol @@ -476,7 +598,10 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - + + + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel SolidFoam @@ -511,10 +636,33 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + + + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. + GasSolidSuspension + + + + - + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. LiquidFoam @@ -538,15 +686,38 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + GasLiquidSuspension + + + + - + + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. Dust + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud + LiquidSolidSuspension + + + + @@ -580,6 +751,8 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture @@ -611,16 +784,21 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - 1 + 1 + - 1 + 2 + + + 2 1 - 2 + 1 + From 1ed3f1b1633054d9a675b5927205f262eed88f0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2020 01:24:02 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 075/141] Wrong IRI in units-extension --- middle/units-extension.owl | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 0f497cfa..f1c61030 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) From 8149bb41d2b68859c631377f40b769d10a32d8ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2020 01:47:22 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 076/141] Minor Amendments - moved a couple of dimensional axioms to siunits.owl - removed existential axioms from Atom (properties exists only after an observation, they do not exist for every atom!) --- middle/siunits.owl | 24 +++++++++++++++++++ middle/units-extension.owl | 47 -------------------------------------- 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 736cf418..81a0b727 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -869,6 +869,12 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + @@ -1119,6 +1125,12 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + @@ -1582,6 +1594,18 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_MeasuresThe DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index d79a18b2..eb98e873 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -52,27 +52,6 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - @@ -89,32 +68,6 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - From 282de7d60a4f32da9c3c566dcd1e4110833d47ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2020 10:20:42 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 077/141] Amended units-extension.owl - wrong IRI - removed ghost classes --- middle/siunits.owl | 24 --- middle/units-extension.owl | 386 +++++++++++++++++-------------------- 2 files changed, 174 insertions(+), 236 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 81a0b727..736cf418 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -869,12 +869,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - @@ -1125,12 +1119,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - @@ -1594,18 +1582,6 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_MeasuresThe DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index eb98e873..95d07c74 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - - - + + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + @@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + - + @@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 MoleFraction @@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance @@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight @@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Density @@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number @@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) @@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. @@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity @@ -233,9 +233,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 @@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - - + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 @@ -258,16 +258,10 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + - - - - - - @@ -282,9 +276,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence @@ -294,9 +288,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -318,9 +312,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The mass of an atom in the ground state. @@ -333,9 +327,9 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - + - + @@ -363,9 +357,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -388,9 +382,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -403,9 +397,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose @@ -415,9 +409,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy @@ -428,9 +422,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two volumes. VolumePerVolumeUnit @@ -438,9 +432,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum @@ -451,9 +445,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 @@ -466,9 +460,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two amount of substances. AmountPerAmountUnit @@ -476,9 +470,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units @@ -488,9 +482,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index @@ -501,11 +495,11 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + - + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 @@ -516,9 +510,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat @@ -530,9 +524,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum @@ -543,25 +537,25 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI @@ -571,16 +565,10 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + - - - - - - @@ -595,9 +583,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + @@ -622,9 +610,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance @@ -634,9 +622,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) @@ -648,9 +636,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density @@ -661,9 +649,9 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + - + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed @@ -677,9 +665,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential @@ -690,9 +678,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 @@ -704,9 +692,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -719,9 +707,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance @@ -731,9 +719,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area @@ -744,9 +732,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance @@ -758,9 +746,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy @@ -772,14 +760,14 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + - + @@ -796,11 +784,11 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + - + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant @@ -811,9 +799,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant @@ -825,9 +813,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density @@ -838,9 +826,9 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - + - + @@ -868,9 +856,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field @@ -881,16 +869,10 @@ Wikipedia - + - + - - - - - - @@ -906,9 +888,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant @@ -919,9 +901,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two masses. MassPerMassUnit @@ -929,9 +911,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 @@ -941,9 +923,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + @@ -965,9 +947,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two velocities. SpeedPerSpeedUnit @@ -975,9 +957,9 @@ Wikipedia - + - + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity @@ -990,9 +972,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) @@ -1003,9 +985,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Concentration @@ -1019,14 +1001,14 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + - + @@ -1044,9 +1026,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant @@ -1058,9 +1040,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber @@ -1072,9 +1054,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity @@ -1086,9 +1068,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. @@ -1097,11 +1079,11 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + - + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. @@ -1111,9 +1093,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity @@ -1124,9 +1106,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + @@ -1149,9 +1131,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration @@ -1162,9 +1144,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux @@ -1175,9 +1157,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 @@ -1189,19 +1171,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - - - - - Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two lengths. - LengthPerLengthUnit - - - - - + - + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume @@ -1211,9 +1183,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - + @@ -1236,10 +1208,10 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - - + + @@ -1257,16 +1229,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 Gram - - - - - - - - Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two areas. - AreaPerAreaUnit - From 3fb2dfbf4143bd38bd26024135b77d31f0137bbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 11:37:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 078/141] Updated header of all ontologies to use dcterms. --- emmo.owl | 35 ++++++++++++++++---------- middle/holistic.owl | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------- middle/isq.owl | 36 +++++++++++++++++---------- middle/manufacturing.owl | 43 ++++++++++++++++++-------------- middle/materials.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ middle/math.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ middle/metrology.owl | 36 +++++++++++++++++---------- middle/models.owl | 40 +++++++++++++++++------------- middle/perceptual.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ middle/physicalistic.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ middle/properties.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ middle/reductionistic.owl | 43 ++++++++++++++++++-------------- middle/semiotics.owl | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------- middle/siunits.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ middle/unit-conversions.owl | 41 ------------------------------- middle/units-extension.owl | 42 +++++++++++++++++-------------- top/annotations.owl | 38 +++++++++++++++++----------- top/mereotopology.owl | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------- top/physical.owl | 43 ++++++++++++++++++-------------- top/top.owl | 39 +++++++++++++++++------------ 20 files changed, 456 insertions(+), 355 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 middle/unit-conversions.owl diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index 2145af9e..2331172c 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> @@ -19,14 +21,26 @@ - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -35,11 +49,6 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 28e7225f..309fdc56 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -1,40 +1,47 @@ - - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index e5c9d18b..d719502b 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -6,18 +6,32 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -26,12 +40,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 5dca1cf7..0098e89f 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -6,37 +6,44 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index f51187a8..37a03ef9 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -6,19 +6,33 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -27,15 +41,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index 2aaba63b..48b85366 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -6,19 +6,33 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -27,15 +41,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 7afb92d4..fa4f00b0 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> @@ -13,14 +15,26 @@ - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -29,12 +43,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 6d5c361c..7016b5ca 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -6,19 +6,32 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" - xmlns:units="http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -27,15 +40,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index 141a6dd9..e44b43f4 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -6,19 +6,33 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -27,15 +41,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index a3a36adf..312be126 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -6,18 +6,32 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -26,15 +40,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index c36a0e9c..a6eb77c2 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -6,19 +6,33 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -27,15 +41,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index 9a49d1d1..f1947cdc 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -6,35 +6,42 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index a63d6650..f7f49892 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -1,40 +1,47 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Contacts: + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 736cf418..611ea0d2 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1,26 +1,37 @@ - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -29,12 +40,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/unit-conversions.owl b/middle/unit-conversions.owl deleted file mode 100644 index a89d6729..00000000 --- a/middle/unit-conversions.owl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Contacts: -Gerhard Goldbeck -Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) -email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com - -Emanuele Ghedini -University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - - - - - - - diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 95d07c74..3c23c65a 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1,26 +1,39 @@ - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com @@ -28,15 +41,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index 4dc18238..b229fe5b 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -5,14 +5,31 @@ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" - xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -21,15 +38,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index 5d65ece0..630c494f 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -1,26 +1,37 @@ + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -30,11 +41,7 @@ Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index 882431b7..feb0a88b 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -6,35 +6,42 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - Contacts: + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/top/top.owl b/top/top.owl index 2ff1ee50..560c10bd 100644 --- a/top/top.owl +++ b/top/top.owl @@ -6,18 +6,32 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -26,15 +40,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 From acfb674ae307a4b8e3be0e34b4197efd1315895e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 11:47:26 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 079/141] Replaced rdfs:label with skos:prefLabel --- domain/commonmaterials.owl | 59 +-- emmo-inferred.owl | 712 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- middle/holistic.owl | 10 +- middle/isq.owl | 128 +++---- middle/manufacturing.owl | 10 +- middle/materials.owl | 118 +++--- middle/math.owl | 78 ++-- middle/metrology.owl | 74 ++-- middle/models.owl | 36 +- middle/perceptual.owl | 52 +-- middle/physicalistic.owl | 26 +- middle/properties.owl | 26 +- middle/reductionistic.owl | 12 +- middle/semiotics.owl | 30 +- middle/siunits.owl | 134 +++---- middle/units-extension.owl | 146 ++++---- top/annotations.owl | 37 +- top/mereotopology.owl | 40 +-- top/physical.owl | 12 +- top/top.owl | 2 +- 20 files changed, 875 insertions(+), 867 deletions(-) diff --git a/domain/commonmaterials.owl b/domain/commonmaterials.owl index 2b9ab5ba..f24dbfb3 100644 --- a/domain/commonmaterials.owl +++ b/domain/commonmaterials.owl @@ -6,18 +6,32 @@ xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Emanuele Ghedini + University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + Adham Hashibon + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Georg Schmitz + Access, DE + Jesper Friis + SINTEF, NO + EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -26,15 +40,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Nitrogen + Nitrogen @@ -63,7 +70,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Benzene + Benzene @@ -73,7 +80,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - C2H2 + C2H2 @@ -82,7 +89,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Hydrocarbon + Hydrocarbon @@ -91,7 +98,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - H2 + H2 @@ -101,7 +108,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - C6H6 + C6H6 @@ -110,7 +117,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Hydrogen + Hydrogen @@ -119,7 +126,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Argon + Argon @@ -128,7 +135,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Acetylene + Acetylene @@ -138,7 +145,7 @@ Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - N2 + N2 diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index 655590b1..cbabbc63 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtMatch + qudtMatch http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - altLabel + altLabel @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - license + license @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - dbpediaMatch + dbpediaMatch https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - definition + definition @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - elucidation + elucidation @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - example + example @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaEntry + wikipediaEntry https://www.wikipedia.org/ @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - author + author @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacDoi + iupacDoi https://goldbook.iupac.org/ @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The relation between a process and an object participating to it. Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - hasParticipant + hasParticipant @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasProperParticipant + hasProperParticipant @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasVariable + hasVariable @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferenceUnit + hasReferenceUnit @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasQuantityValue + hasQuantityValue @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasPhysicsDimension + hasPhysicsDimension @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasModel + hasModel @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasProperty + hasProperty @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalDirectPart @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasSpatioTemporalDirectPart + hasSpatioTemporalDirectPart @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialDirectPart @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. - mereotopological + mereotopological @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasPart + hasPart @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasContactWith + hasContactWith @@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - disconnected + disconnected @@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio Causality is a topological property between connected items. Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. - connected + connected @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasMember + hasMember @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. - encloses + encloses @@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasProperPart + hasProperPart @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - overcrosses + overcrosses @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasOverlapWith + hasOverlapWith @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The superclass of all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation + EMMORelation @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. - hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. - hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart @@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). - hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical + semiotical @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasIndex + hasIndex @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasIcon + hasIcon @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasSign + hasSign @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasConvention + hasConvention @@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasNumericalData + hasNumericalData @@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasSymbolData + hasSymbolData @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without c This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule). Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") - Holistic + Holistic @@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ Following the common definition of process, every 'Physical' should be However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist. A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist, i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason. - Process + Process @@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - Participant + Participant @@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - TimeDimension + TimeDimension @@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - Inductance + Inductance @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - Power + Power @@ -1387,7 +1387,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - LuminousIntensityDimension + LuminousIntensityDimension @@ -1545,7 +1545,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - ElectricCharge + ElectricCharge @@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity @@ -1870,7 +1870,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Force Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - Force + Force @@ -2014,7 +2014,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity + ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -2185,7 +2185,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeCurrentDimension + MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeCurrentDimension @@ -2341,7 +2341,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy + Energy @@ -2510,7 +2510,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension + CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension @@ -2678,7 +2678,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - DimensionOne + DimensionOne @@ -2831,7 +2831,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux @@ -2984,7 +2984,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent @@ -3149,7 +3149,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassSquareLengthPerTemperatureSquareTimeDimension + MassSquareLengthPerTemperatureSquareTimeDimension @@ -3313,7 +3313,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension @@ -3465,7 +3465,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - ElectricPotential + ElectricPotential @@ -3627,7 +3627,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - LengthPerTimeDimension + LengthPerTimeDimension @@ -3788,7 +3788,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassSquareLengthPerTimeDimension + MassSquareLengthPerTimeDimension @@ -3937,7 +3937,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - Pressure + Pressure @@ -4099,7 +4099,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity @@ -4257,7 +4257,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - PerTimeDimension + PerTimeDimension @@ -4414,7 +4414,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassPerLengthSquareTimeDimension + MassPerLengthSquareTimeDimension @@ -4570,7 +4570,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + MassLengthPerSquareTimeDimension @@ -4725,7 +4725,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeSquareCurrentDimension + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeSquareCurrentDimension @@ -4879,7 +4879,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - LuminousIntensityCubicTimePerMassLengthDimension + LuminousIntensityCubicTimePerMassLengthDimension @@ -5032,7 +5032,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - LuminousIntensityPerSquareLengthDimension + LuminousIntensityPerSquareLengthDimension @@ -5176,7 +5176,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature @@ -5327,7 +5327,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeSquareCurrentDimension + MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeSquareCurrentDimension @@ -5477,7 +5477,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassDimension + MassDimension @@ -5630,7 +5630,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance @@ -5778,7 +5778,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - SquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + SquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension @@ -5916,7 +5916,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - Frequency + Frequency @@ -6053,7 +6053,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - Radioactivity + Radioactivity @@ -6191,7 +6191,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose @@ -6330,7 +6330,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 Often denoted B. - MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticFluxDensity @@ -6469,7 +6469,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - Capacitance + Capacitance @@ -6611,7 +6611,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - TemperatureDimension + TemperatureDimension @@ -6752,7 +6752,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - TimeCurrentDimension + TimeCurrentDimension @@ -6892,7 +6892,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - PerAmountDimension + PerAmountDimension @@ -7035,7 +7035,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature @@ -7173,7 +7173,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - QuarticTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension + QuarticTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension @@ -7310,7 +7310,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - LengthDimension + LengthDimension @@ -7442,7 +7442,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - Illuminance + Illuminance @@ -7573,7 +7573,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity @@ -7707,7 +7707,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeDimension + MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeDimension @@ -7844,7 +7844,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent @@ -7980,7 +7980,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - Length + Length @@ -8111,7 +8111,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - AmountPerTimeDimension + AmountPerTimeDimension @@ -8245,7 +8245,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Time The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - Time + Time @@ -8374,7 +8374,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - ElectricCurrentDimension + ElectricCurrentDimension @@ -8500,7 +8500,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - LuminousFlux + LuminousFlux @@ -8627,7 +8627,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - AmountDimension + AmountDimension @@ -8752,7 +8752,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - SolidAngle + SolidAngle @@ -8879,7 +8879,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - ElectricResistance + ElectricResistance @@ -9003,7 +9003,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension + MassPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension @@ -9140,7 +9140,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - Mass + Mass @@ -9250,7 +9250,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - InternationalSystemOfQuantity + InternationalSystemOfQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 @@ -9374,7 +9374,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - Angle + Angle @@ -9494,7 +9494,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension @@ -9618,7 +9618,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - ElectricConductance + ElectricConductance @@ -9629,7 +9629,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Component + Component @@ -9653,7 +9653,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. - Engineered + Engineered @@ -9671,7 +9671,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Manufacturing + Manufacturing @@ -9698,7 +9698,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - System + System @@ -9727,7 +9727,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. - ElectronCloud + ElectronCloud @@ -9759,7 +9759,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. - MaterialState + MaterialState https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 @@ -9788,7 +9788,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom @@ -9822,7 +9822,7 @@ An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a cha Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - Molecule + Molecule @@ -9846,7 +9846,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom @@ -9878,7 +9878,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - Nucleon + Nucleon @@ -9902,7 +9902,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - Subatomic + Subatomic @@ -9930,7 +9930,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom + BondedAtom @@ -9954,7 +9954,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. Gas, liquid, plasma, - Fluid + Fluid @@ -9986,7 +9986,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - Continuum + Continuum @@ -10009,7 +10009,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - Proton + Proton @@ -10032,7 +10032,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid + Solid @@ -10056,7 +10056,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom + IonAtom @@ -10078,7 +10078,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - Neutron + Neutron @@ -10122,7 +10122,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom + Atom @@ -10150,7 +10150,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - Nucleus + Nucleus @@ -10161,7 +10161,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - Vector + Vector @@ -10184,7 +10184,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. f(x) > 0 - Inequality + Inequality @@ -10252,7 +10252,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - Real + Real @@ -10277,7 +10277,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. x k - Variable + Variable @@ -10330,7 +10330,7 @@ k A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - Number + Number @@ -10342,7 +10342,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical + Numerical @@ -10409,7 +10409,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - Boolean + Boolean @@ -10421,7 +10421,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical + Mathematical @@ -10487,7 +10487,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol @@ -10534,7 +10534,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator @@ -10557,7 +10557,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. - Formula + Formula @@ -10593,7 +10593,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac 2+2 - ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression @@ -10616,7 +10616,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - Constant + Constant @@ -10629,7 +10629,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter + Parameter @@ -10747,7 +10747,7 @@ sin(x) = y f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - Equation + Equation @@ -10812,7 +10812,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - Integer + Integer @@ -10835,7 +10835,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression + Expression @@ -10848,7 +10848,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - Unknown + Unknown @@ -10979,7 +10979,7 @@ As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a un — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity + PhysicalQuantity @@ -10995,7 +10995,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit @@ -11015,7 +11015,7 @@ ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properties (semiotics). - ReferenceUnit + ReferenceUnit @@ -11132,7 +11132,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti μ - GreekSmallLetterMu + GreekSmallLetterMu @@ -11245,7 +11245,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti A - LatinCapitalLetterA + LatinCapitalLetterA @@ -11305,7 +11305,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti A symbol that stands for a single unit. Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol @@ -11418,7 +11418,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti µ - MicroUnit + MicroUnit @@ -11489,7 +11489,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit @@ -11595,7 +11595,7 @@ J stands for N m For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant @@ -11659,7 +11659,7 @@ J stands for N m A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol @@ -11673,7 +11673,7 @@ J stands for N m A unit that does not belong to any system of units. eV barn - OffSystemUnit + OffSystemUnit @@ -11744,7 +11744,7 @@ barn Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. Refractive index or volume fraction. Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - UnitOne + UnitOne @@ -11841,7 +11841,7 @@ barn - MultipleUnit + MultipleUnit @@ -11937,7 +11937,7 @@ barn "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity @@ -11984,7 +11984,7 @@ barn Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix + MetricPrefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix @@ -12018,7 +12018,7 @@ barn A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit @@ -12112,7 +12112,7 @@ barn Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant + ExactConstant @@ -12125,7 +12125,7 @@ barn A symbolic object used in metrology. This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. - Metrological + Metrological @@ -12191,7 +12191,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PhysicsDimension + PhysicsDimension @@ -12284,7 +12284,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SubMultipleUnit + SubMultipleUnit @@ -12388,7 +12388,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 m - LatinSmallLetterM + LatinSmallLetterM @@ -12489,7 +12489,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity @@ -12503,7 +12503,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - StandardUnit + StandardUnit @@ -12535,7 +12535,7 @@ https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit @@ -12634,7 +12634,7 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant @@ -12738,7 +12738,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity @@ -12863,7 +12863,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit @@ -12876,7 +12876,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - ProcedureUnit + ProcedureUnit @@ -12978,7 +12978,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) a - LatinSmallLetterA + LatinSmallLetterA @@ -13038,7 +13038,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit + BaseUnit @@ -13074,7 +13074,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - UTF8 + UTF8 @@ -13178,7 +13178,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) U+0020 - Space + Space @@ -13300,7 +13300,7 @@ The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - Quantity + Quantity @@ -13319,7 +13319,7 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment + Experiment @@ -13430,7 +13430,7 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation @@ -13443,7 +13443,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. - PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -13530,7 +13530,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel @@ -13617,7 +13617,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel @@ -13630,7 +13630,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization + Theorization @@ -13719,7 +13719,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock. - ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel @@ -13806,7 +13806,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel @@ -13823,7 +13823,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory + Theory @@ -13848,7 +13848,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. - Model + Model @@ -13859,7 +13859,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - PhysicalLaw + PhysicalLaw @@ -13871,7 +13871,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. - DataBasedModel + DataBasedModel @@ -13970,7 +13970,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel @@ -13981,7 +13981,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw @@ -14082,7 +14082,7 @@ A force field. An Hamiltonian. A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation @@ -14093,7 +14093,7 @@ An Hamiltonian. - MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw @@ -14116,7 +14116,7 @@ An Hamiltonian. A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel @@ -14132,7 +14132,7 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 emmo !5*a cat - Symbolic + Symbolic @@ -14143,7 +14143,7 @@ cat - 0-manifold + 0-manifold @@ -14154,7 +14154,7 @@ cat - 1-manifold + 1-manifold @@ -14171,7 +14171,7 @@ cat A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. - Music + Music @@ -14182,7 +14182,7 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - Curve + Curve @@ -14197,7 +14197,7 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa. - Pictorial + Pictorial @@ -14208,7 +14208,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - Plane + Plane @@ -14219,7 +14219,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - Point + Point @@ -14230,7 +14230,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - Line + Line @@ -14241,7 +14241,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - 3-manifold + 3-manifold @@ -14254,7 +14254,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. - Acoustical + Acoustical @@ -14296,7 +14296,7 @@ In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related t If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - String + String @@ -14307,7 +14307,7 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos - EuclideanSpace + EuclideanSpace @@ -14345,7 +14345,7 @@ A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a &ap A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). - Perceptual + Perceptual @@ -14356,7 +14356,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - Speech + Speech @@ -14367,7 +14367,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - Torus + Torus @@ -14396,7 +14396,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - SymbolicComposition + SymbolicComposition @@ -14407,7 +14407,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - Noise + Noise @@ -14418,7 +14418,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - 2-manifold + 2-manifold @@ -14467,7 +14467,7 @@ e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrolog Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia) The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - Symbol + Symbol @@ -14478,7 +14478,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - Circle + Circle @@ -14498,7 +14498,7 @@ b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical&apos c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings. - Geometrical + Geometrical @@ -14512,7 +14512,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. - Graphical + Graphical @@ -14523,7 +14523,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - Sphere + Sphere @@ -14535,7 +14535,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language + Language @@ -14578,7 +14578,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon + Photon @@ -14626,7 +14626,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. - Massive + Massive @@ -14650,7 +14650,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. - Vacuum + Vacuum @@ -14663,7 +14663,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). - Material + Material @@ -14688,7 +14688,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. - Matter + Matter @@ -14716,7 +14716,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). - Field + Field @@ -14758,7 +14758,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark + Quark @@ -14798,7 +14798,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon + Gluon @@ -14838,7 +14838,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. - Electron + Electron @@ -14858,7 +14858,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. - Physicalistic + Physicalistic @@ -14904,7 +14904,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. - ElementaryParticle + ElementaryParticle @@ -14950,7 +14950,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. - Massless + Massless @@ -14991,7 +14991,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton + Graviton @@ -15016,7 +15016,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Observation + Observation @@ -15040,7 +15040,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Observer + Observer @@ -15067,7 +15067,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty @@ -15081,7 +15081,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty + ObjectiveProperty @@ -15100,7 +15100,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. - Measurement + Measurement @@ -15177,7 +15177,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - MeasuredQuantitativeProperty + MeasuredQuantitativeProperty @@ -15199,7 +15199,7 @@ Sex of a human being. "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - NominalProperty + NominalProperty @@ -15269,7 +15269,7 @@ Property subclasses are specializations that depend on the type of observation p e.g. the property 'colour' is related to a process that involves emission or interaction of photon and an observer who can perceive electromagnetic radiation in the visible frequency range. Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette or RGB). - Property + Property @@ -15346,7 +15346,7 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - ModelledQuantitativeProperty + ModelledQuantitativeProperty @@ -15430,7 +15430,7 @@ If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conduc Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - ConventionalQuantitativeProperty + ConventionalQuantitativeProperty @@ -15529,7 +15529,7 @@ A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shar For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - QuantitativeProperty + QuantitativeProperty @@ -15542,7 +15542,7 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - MeasurementInstrument + MeasurementInstrument @@ -15566,7 +15566,7 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). - Reductionistic + Reductionistic @@ -15607,7 +15607,7 @@ A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole. - State + State @@ -15649,7 +15649,7 @@ Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - Existent + Existent @@ -15748,7 +15748,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 Measurement unit for absorbed dose. - Gray + Gray @@ -15850,7 +15850,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - Pico + Pico @@ -15947,7 +15947,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 Measurement unit for power. - Watt + Watt @@ -16047,7 +16047,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - Deci + Deci @@ -16095,7 +16095,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only m/s kg/m^3 This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. - SICoherentDerivedUnit + SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -16191,7 +16191,7 @@ kg/m^3 The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant @@ -16289,7 +16289,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Deka + Deka @@ -16386,7 +16386,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Hecto + Hecto @@ -16482,7 +16482,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Femto + Femto @@ -16577,7 +16577,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Zepto + Zepto @@ -16666,7 +16666,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 - Kelvin + Kelvin @@ -16754,7 +16754,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 - Second + Second @@ -16804,7 +16804,7 @@ kg/m^3 - SIUnitSymbol + SIUnitSymbol @@ -16891,7 +16891,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 Measurement unit for catalytic activity. - Katal + Katal @@ -16967,7 +16967,7 @@ kg/m^3 The base units in the SI system. - SIBaseUnit + SIBaseUnit https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf @@ -17055,7 +17055,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Tera + Tera @@ -17144,7 +17144,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Atto + Atto @@ -17231,7 +17231,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Peta + Peta @@ -17305,7 +17305,7 @@ kg/m^3 - SIMetricPrefix + SIMetricPrefix @@ -17383,7 +17383,7 @@ kg/m^3 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacy + LuminousEfficacy @@ -17453,7 +17453,7 @@ kg/m^3 The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge @@ -17532,7 +17532,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 Measurement unit for resistance. - Ohm + Ohm @@ -17615,7 +17615,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Exa + Exa @@ -17697,7 +17697,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Mega + Mega @@ -17735,7 +17735,7 @@ kg/m^3 A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. - SINonCoherentDerivedUnit + SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -17810,7 +17810,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 Measurement unit for electric charge. - Coulomb + Coulomb @@ -17829,7 +17829,7 @@ kg/m^3 Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. - SICoherentUnit + SICoherentUnit @@ -17909,7 +17909,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Kilo + Kilo @@ -17983,7 +17983,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant @@ -18056,7 +18056,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 - Metre + Metre @@ -18093,7 +18093,7 @@ kg/m^3 - SINonCoherentUnit + SINonCoherentUnit @@ -18163,7 +18163,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 Measurement unit for energy. - Joule + Joule @@ -18233,7 +18233,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 - Candela + Candela @@ -18303,7 +18303,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -18371,7 +18371,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 - Kilogram + Kilogram @@ -18445,7 +18445,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Micro + Micro @@ -18511,7 +18511,7 @@ kg/m^3 Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. - Radian + Radian @@ -18583,7 +18583,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Milli + Milli @@ -18646,7 +18646,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 Measurement unit for pressure. - Pascal + Pascal @@ -18715,7 +18715,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Giga + Giga @@ -18776,7 +18776,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 Measurement unit for electric capacitance. - Farad + Farad @@ -18836,7 +18836,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 Measurement unit for force. - Newton + Newton @@ -18895,7 +18895,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. - Tesla + Tesla @@ -18953,7 +18953,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. - DegreeCelsius + DegreeCelsius @@ -19017,7 +19017,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Centi + Centi @@ -19074,7 +19074,7 @@ kg/m^3 Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 Unit for radioactive activity. - Becquerel + Becquerel @@ -19129,7 +19129,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 - Steradian + Steradian @@ -19179,7 +19179,7 @@ kg/m^3 A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. - SIPrefixedUnit + SIPrefixedUnit @@ -19232,7 +19232,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 Measurement unit for luminous flux. - Lumen + Lumen @@ -19284,7 +19284,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 Measurement unit for magnetic flux. - Weber + Weber @@ -19335,7 +19335,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 Measurement unit for illuminance. - Lux + Lux @@ -19392,7 +19392,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Zetta + Zetta @@ -19443,7 +19443,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 - Ampere + Ampere @@ -19494,7 +19494,7 @@ kg/m^3 Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy. - Sievert + Sievert @@ -19542,7 +19542,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 - Mole + Mole @@ -19595,7 +19595,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - Nano + Nano @@ -19640,7 +19640,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 Measurement unit for voltage. - Volt + Volt @@ -19684,7 +19684,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 Measurement unit for frequence. - Hertz + Hertz @@ -19734,7 +19734,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - Yotta + Yotta @@ -19788,7 +19788,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units These units are SI coherent by definition. - SISpecialUnit + SISpecialUnit @@ -19828,7 +19828,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Measurement unit for electrical conductance. - Siemens + Siemens @@ -19864,7 +19864,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant + SIExactConstant @@ -19910,7 +19910,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - Yocto + Yocto @@ -19938,7 +19938,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -19976,7 +19976,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 Measurement unit for electrical inductance. - Henry + Henry @@ -19996,7 +19996,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. - SIUnit + SIUnit @@ -20036,7 +20036,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant @@ -20051,7 +20051,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective + Perspective @@ -20078,7 +20078,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - Laplacian + Laplacian @@ -20093,7 +20093,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real 2x+3 An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression @@ -20104,7 +20104,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - Matrix + Matrix @@ -20119,7 +20119,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - Exponent + Exponent @@ -20130,7 +20130,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - Array + Array @@ -20158,7 +20158,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x) - DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation @@ -20183,7 +20183,7 @@ y = f(x) - Multiplication + Multiplication @@ -20197,7 +20197,7 @@ y = f(x) - AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator @@ -20221,7 +20221,7 @@ y = f(x) - Minus + Minus @@ -20242,7 +20242,7 @@ y = f(x) A function defined using functional notation. y = f(x) - FunctionDefinition + FunctionDefinition @@ -20267,7 +20267,7 @@ y = f(x) The equals symbol. - Equals + Equals @@ -20288,7 +20288,7 @@ y = f(x) - Plus + Plus @@ -20302,7 +20302,7 @@ y = f(x) 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - Polynomial + Polynomial @@ -20327,7 +20327,7 @@ y = f(x) 2 * a - b = c An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation @@ -20346,7 +20346,7 @@ y = f(x) - Division + Division @@ -20363,7 +20363,7 @@ y = f(x) 1 + 1 = 2 - ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation @@ -20380,7 +20380,7 @@ y = f(x) - Gradient + Gradient @@ -20393,7 +20393,7 @@ y = f(x) - MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator @@ -20404,7 +20404,7 @@ y = f(x) - DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator @@ -20444,7 +20444,7 @@ An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object whi A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. - Collection + Collection @@ -20474,7 +20474,7 @@ The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit t To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology. From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. - Quantum + Quantum @@ -20523,7 +20523,7 @@ Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referre The smallest part of a real world object (i.e. a part that has no proper parts) is referred in the EMMO by a 'Quantum' individual. It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4D (e.g. surfaces, lines) do not exist. - EMMO + EMMO @@ -20547,7 +20547,7 @@ All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - Item + Item @@ -20578,7 +20578,7 @@ Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model. From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. - Elementary + Elementary @@ -20605,7 +20605,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. From Latin vacuus, “empty”. - Void + Void @@ -20696,7 +20696,7 @@ d) upon collision with the detector: 'physical' made of one declared More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'. e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter. - Physical + Physical @@ -20730,7 +20730,7 @@ me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - Semiosis + Semiosis @@ -20746,7 +20746,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - Interpreter + Interpreter @@ -20756,7 +20756,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant + Interpretant @@ -20768,7 +20768,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Index + Index @@ -20779,7 +20779,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional + Conventional @@ -20794,7 +20794,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Object + Object @@ -20831,7 +20831,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - Sign + Sign @@ -20870,7 +20870,7 @@ The triadic elements: - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - Semiotic + Semiotic @@ -20892,7 +20892,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia] - Icon + Icon @@ -20928,7 +20928,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - b + b @@ -20953,7 +20953,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - a + a @@ -20982,7 +20982,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - Universe + Universe 1 @@ -21015,12 +21015,12 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl - bdoMatch + bdoMatch URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - omMatch + omMatch https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 309fdc56..13eb08e3 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The relation between a process and an object participating to it. Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - hasParticipant + hasParticipant @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasProperParticipant + hasProperParticipant @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") - Holistic + Holistic @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist (i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason). - Process + Process @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - Participant + Participant diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index d719502b..b9052f67 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. - physicalDimension + physicalDimension @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - TimeDimension + TimeDimension @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - Inductance + Inductance @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - Power + Power @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - LuminousIntensityDimension + LuminousIntensityDimension @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - ElectricCharge + ElectricCharge @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Force Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - Force + Force @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity + ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - ElectricPotentialDimension + ElectricPotentialDimension @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy + Energy @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - ElectricConductanceDimension + ElectricConductanceDimension @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - EntropyDimension + EntropyDimension @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - MagneticFluxDimension + MagneticFluxDimension @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - ElectricPotential + ElectricPotential @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - SpeedDimension + SpeedDimension @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - AngularMomentumDimension + AngularMomentumDimension @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - Pressure + Pressure @@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity @@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - FrequencyDimension + FrequencyDimension @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - PressureDimension + PressureDimension @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - ForceDimension + ForceDimension @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - InductanceDimension + InductanceDimension @@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - LuminousEfficacyDimension + LuminousEfficacyDimension @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - IlluminanceDimension + IlluminanceDimension @@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature @@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - ElectricResistanceDimension + ElectricResistanceDimension @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - MassDimension + MassDimension @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - AbsorbedDoseDimension + AbsorbedDoseDimension @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - Frequency + Frequency @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - Radioactivity + Radioactivity @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 Often denoted B. - MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticFluxDensity @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - Capacitance + Capacitance @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - ISQDimensionlessQuantity + ISQDimensionlessQuantity @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - TemperatureDimension + TemperatureDimension @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - ElectricChargeDimension + ElectricChargeDimension @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - PerAmountDimension + PerAmountDimension @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - CapacitanceDimension + CapacitanceDimension @@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - LengthDimension + LengthDimension @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - Illuminance + Illuminance @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - PureNumberQuantity + PureNumberQuantity @@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity @@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - PowerDimension + PowerDimension @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent @@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length + Length @@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - CatalyticActivityDimension + CatalyticActivityDimension @@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time + Time @@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - ElectricCurrentDimension + ElectricCurrentDimension @@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - LuminousFlux + LuminousFlux @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." SI Brochure - AmountDimension + AmountDimension @@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - SolidAngle + SolidAngle @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ SI Brochure Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - ElectricResistance + ElectricResistance @@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ SI Brochure - MagneticFluxDensityDimension + MagneticFluxDensityDimension @@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - Mass + Mass @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ SI Brochure Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - InternationalSystemOfQuantity + InternationalSystemOfQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 @@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - Angle + Angle @@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ SI Brochure - EnergyDimension + EnergyDimension @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ fine structure constant Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - RatioQuantity + RatioQuantity https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - ElectricConductance + ElectricConductance diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 0098e89f..b874c81f 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" - Device + Device @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. - ContinuousManufacturing + ContinuousManufacturing @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. - Engineered + Engineered @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. - DiscreteManufacturing + DiscreteManufacturing @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - Manufacturing + Manufacturing diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 37a03ef9..407096fa 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas + Gas @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion + Dispersion @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture + PhaseHomogeneousMixture @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. - ElectronCloud + ElectronCloud @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoParticle + NanoParticle @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam + Foam @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution + Solution @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. Granite, sand, dried concrete. - SolidSolidSuspension + SolidSolidSuspension @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol + Sol @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a cha Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - Molecule + Molecule @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension + SolidLiquidSuspension @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel + Gel @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). Mayonnaise, milk. - Emulsion + Emulsion @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. Sparkling water - LiquidGasSuspension + LiquidGasSuspension @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol + LiquidSol @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension + LiquidLiquidSuspension @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray + Spray @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension + Suspension @@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution + LiquidSolution @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma + Plasma @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor + Vapor @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - Nucleon + Nucleon @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol + Aerosol @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke + Smoke @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol + SolidSol @@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture + GasMixture @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AcqueousSolution + AcqueousSolution @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial + NanoMaterial @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution + SolidSolution @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)] - PhaseOfMatter + PhaseOfMatter @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can A material that undergoes chemical changes. - ReactiveMaterial + ReactiveMaterial @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid + Colloid @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid + Liquid @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial + NaturalMaterial @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - Subatomic + Subatomic @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom + BondedAtom @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. Gas, liquid, plasma, - Fluid + Fluid @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - Continuum + Continuum @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - Proton + Proton @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol + LiquidAerosol @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol + SolidAerosol @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. A foam of trapped gas in a solid. Aerogel - SolidFoam + SolidFoam @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid + Solid @@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - StateOfMatter + StateOfMatter @@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension + SolidGasSuspension @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. Dust, sand storm. - GasSolidSuspension + GasSolidSuspension @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam + LiquidFoam @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom + IonAtom @@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - Neutron + Neutron @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. Rain, spray. - GasLiquidSuspension + GasLiquidSuspension @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust + Dust @@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. Mud - LiquidSolidSuspension + LiquidSolidSuspension @@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom + Atom @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture + Mixture @@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial + EngineeredMaterial @@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - Nucleus + Nucleus 1 diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index 48b85366..a17a682a 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasVariable + hasVariable @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasNumericalData + hasNumericalData @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Laplacian + Laplacian @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Vector + Vector @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. f(x) > 0 - Inequality + Inequality @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Real + Real @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it 2x+3 An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Matrix + Matrix @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. x k - Variable + Variable @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific car The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Number + Number @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same conce - Exponent + Exponent @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same conce The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x) - DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ y = f(x) - Multiplication + Multiplication @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ y = f(x) - AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ y = f(x) - Minus + Minus @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ y = f(x) A function defined using functional notation. y = f(x) - FunctionDefinition + FunctionDefinition @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ y = f(x) A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical + Numerical @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ y = f(x) The equals symbol. - Equals + Equals @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ y = f(x) - Boolean + Boolean @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ y = f(x) The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical + Mathematical @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ y = f(x) - MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ y = f(x) - ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator @@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ y = f(x) A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false. - MathematicalFormula + MathematicalFormula @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ y = f(x) 2+2 - ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression @@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ y = f(x) - Plus + Plus @@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ y = f(x) 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - Polynomial + Polynomial @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ y = f(x) 2 * a - b = c An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ y = f(x) - Division + Division @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ y = f(x) 1 + 1 = 2 - ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ y = f(x) A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - Constant + Constant @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ y = f(x) - Gradient + Gradient @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ y = f(x) viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter + Parameter @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ sin(x) = y f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - Equation + Equation @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - Integer + Integer @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression + Expression @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - Unknown + Unknown @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - Array + Array 1 diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index fa4f00b0..f2bab6fe 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferenceUnit + hasReferenceUnit In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasQuantityValue + hasQuantityValue @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - hasPhysicalDimension + hasPhysicalDimension @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a un — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity + PhysicalQuantity @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properties (semiotics). - ReferenceUnit + ReferenceUnit @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti μ - GreekSmallLetterMu + GreekSmallLetterMu @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti A - LatinCapitalLetterA + LatinCapitalLetterA @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti A symbol that stands for a single unit. Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti µ - MicroUnit + MicroUnit @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." SI Brochure - DimensionOne + DimensionOne @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ SI Brochure Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ J stands for N m For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ J stands for N m A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ J stands for N m A unit that does not belong to any system of units. eV barn - OffSystemUnit + OffSystemUnit @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ barn Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. Refractive index or volume fraction. Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - UnitOne + UnitOne @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ barn Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. - MultipleUnit + MultipleUnit @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ barn "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ barn Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix + MetricPrefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ barn A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit @@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ barn Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant + ExactConstant @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ barn A symbolic object used in metrology. This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. - Metrological + Metrological @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PhysicalDimension + PhysicalDimension @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. - SubMultipleUnit + SubMultipleUnit @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 m - LatinSmallLetterM + LatinSmallLetterM @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - StandardUnit + StandardUnit @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit @@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - ProcedureUnit + ProcedureUnit @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) a - LatinSmallLetterA + LatinSmallLetterA @@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit + BaseUnit @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - UTF8 + UTF8 @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) U+0020 - Space + Space @@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - Quantity + Quantity diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 7016b5ca..c71ae507 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasModel + hasModel @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment + Experiment @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The Schrodinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation. - PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. - PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization + Theorization @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation.A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock. - ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory + Theory @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. - Model + Model @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - PhysicalLaw + PhysicalLaw @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. - DataBasedModel + DataBasedModel @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ A force field. An Hamiltonian. A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ An Hamiltonian. - MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ An Hamiltonian. A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index e44b43f4..b11cd238 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasSymbolData + hasSymbolData @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it emmo !5*a cat - Symbolic + Symbolic @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ cat - 0-manifold + 0-manifold @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ cat - 1-manifold + 1-manifold @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ cat A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. - Music + Music @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - Curve + Curve @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa. - Pictorial + Pictorial @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - Plane + Plane @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - Point + Point @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - Line + Line @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - 3-manifold + 3-manifold @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. - Acoustical + Acoustical @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related t If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - String + String @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos - EuclideanSpace + EuclideanSpace @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a &ap A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). - Perceptual + Perceptual @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - Speech + Speech @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - Torus + Torus @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - SymbolicComposition + SymbolicComposition @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - Noise + Noise @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - 2-manifold + 2-manifold @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrolog Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia) The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - Symbol + Symbol @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - Circle + Circle @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical&apos c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings. - Geometrical + Geometrical @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. - Graphical + Graphical @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - Sphere + Sphere @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language + Language diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index 312be126..c375b425 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon + Photon @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. - Massive + Massive @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. - Vacuum + Vacuum @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material + Material @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. - Matter + Matter @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). - Field + Field @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark + Quark @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon + Gluon @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. - Electron + Electron @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences. - Physicalistic + Physicalistic @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. - ElementaryParticle + ElementaryParticle @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. - Massless + Massless @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton + Graviton diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index a6eb77c2..4f2f6c5a 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasProperty + hasProperty @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Observation + Observation @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Observer + Observer @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty + ObjectiveProperty @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. - Measurement + Measurement @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - MeasuredQuantitativeProperty + MeasuredQuantitativeProperty @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Sex of a human being. "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - NominalProperty + NominalProperty @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Property subclasses are specializations that depend on the type of observation p e.g. the property 'colour' is related to a process that involves emission or interaction of photon and an observer who can perceive electromagnetic radiation in the visible frequency range. Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette or RGB). - Property + Property @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - ModelledQuantitativeProperty + ModelledQuantitativeProperty @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conduc Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - ConventionalQuantitativeProperty + ConventionalQuantitativeProperty @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shar For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - QuantitativeProperty + QuantitativeProperty @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - MeasurementInstrument + MeasurementInstrument diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index f1947cdc..fcdae2c9 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalDirectPart @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasSpatioTemporalDirectPart + hasSpatioTemporalDirectPart @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialDirectPart @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). - Reductionistic + Reductionistic @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole. - State + State @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - Existent + Existent diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index f7f49892..7f5ec11d 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical + semiotical @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasIndex + hasIndex @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasIcon + hasIcon @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasSign + hasSign @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasConvention + hasConvention @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - Semiosis + Semiosis @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - Interpreter + Interpreter @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant + Interpretant @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Index + Index @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional + Conventional @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Object + Object @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - Sign + Sign @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ The triadic elements: - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - Semiotic + Semiotic @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia] - Icon + Icon diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 611ea0d2..03cb4c49 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 Measurement unit for absorbed dose. - Gray + Gray @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it p - Pico + Pico @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 Measurement unit for power. - Watt + Watt @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it d - Deci + Deci @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it m/s kg/m^3 This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. - SICoherentDerivedUnit + SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ kg/m^3 The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ kg/m^3 da - Deka + Deka @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ kg/m^3 h - Hecto + Hecto @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ kg/m^3 f - Femto + Femto @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ kg/m^3 z - Zepto + Zepto @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 - Kelvin + Kelvin @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 - Second + Second @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ kg/m^3 - SIUnitSymbol + SIUnitSymbol @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 Measurement unit for catalytic activity. - Katal + Katal @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ kg/m^3 The base units in the SI system. - SIBaseUnit + SIBaseUnit https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf @@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ kg/m^3 T - Tera + Tera @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ kg/m^3 a - Atto + Atto @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ kg/m^3 P - Peta + Peta @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ kg/m^3 - SIMetricPrefix + SIMetricPrefix @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ kg/m^3 T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacy + LuminousEfficacy @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ kg/m^3 The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 Measurement unit for resistance. - Ohm + Ohm @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ kg/m^3 E - Exa + Exa @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ kg/m^3 M - Mega + Mega @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ kg/m^3 A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. - SINonCoherentDerivedUnit + SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 Measurement unit for electric charge. - Coulomb + Coulomb @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ kg/m^3 Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. - SICoherentUnit + SICoherentUnit @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ kg/m^3 k - Kilo + Kilo @@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant @@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 - Metre + Metre @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ kg/m^3 - SINonCoherentUnit + SINonCoherentUnit @@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 Measurement unit for energy. - Joule + Joule @@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 - Candela + Candela @@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 - Kilogram + Kilogram @@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ kg/m^3 µ - Micro + Micro @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ kg/m^3 Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. - Radian + Radian @@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ kg/m^3 m - Milli + Milli @@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 Measurement unit for pressure. - Pascal + Pascal @@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ kg/m^3 G - Giga + Giga @@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 Measurement unit for electric capacitance. - Farad + Farad @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 Measurement unit for force. - Newton + Newton @@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. - Tesla + Tesla @@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. - DegreeCelsius + DegreeCelsius @@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ kg/m^3 c - Centi + Centi @@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ kg/m^3 Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 Unit for radioactive activity. - Becquerel + Becquerel @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 - Steradian + Steradian @@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ kg/m^3 A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. - SIPrefixedUnit + SIPrefixedUnit @@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 Measurement unit for luminous flux. - Lumen + Lumen @@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 Measurement unit for magnetic flux. - Weber + Weber @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 Measurement unit for illuminance. - Lux + Lux @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ kg/m^3 Z - Zetta + Zetta @@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 - Ampere + Ampere @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ kg/m^3 Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy. - Sievert + Sievert @@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 - Mole + Mole @@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff n - Nano + Nano @@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 Measurement unit for voltage. - Volt + Volt @@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 Measurement unit for frequence. - Hertz + Hertz @@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Y - Yotta + Yotta @@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units These units are SI coherent by definition. - SISpecialUnit + SISpecialUnit @@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Measurement unit for electrical conductance. - Siemens + Siemens @@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant + SIExactConstant @@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff y - Yocto + Yocto @@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 Measurement unit for electrical inductance. - Henry + Henry @@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - SIUnit + SIUnit @@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_MeasuresA physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant 1 diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 3c23c65a..f264f4ae 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 - Dalton + Dalton @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - AmountFraction + AmountFraction @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricalInductance + ElectricalInductance @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight + Weight @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit - AstronomicalUnit + AstronomicalUnit @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 Mass per volume. - Density + Density @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - AtomicNumber + AtomicNumber @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability + Permeability @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability + Probability @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity + Permittivity @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat + Heat @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration + MassConcentration @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN MinuteOfArc Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. - ArcMinute + ArcMinute @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence + Vergence @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866 - Hour + Hour @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - AtomicMass + AtomicMass @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - Ångström + Ångström @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Day A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527 - Day + Day @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaDimension + AreaDimension @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy + Enthalpy @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two volumes. - VolumePerVolumeUnit + VolumePerVolumeUnit @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum + Momentum @@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass + ElectronMass @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two amount of substances. - AmountPerAmountUnit + AmountPerAmountUnit @@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units CGS is a variant of the metric system. - CGSUnit + CGSUnit @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex + RefractiveIndex @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity + VacuumElectricPermittivity @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) Product of force and displacement. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - Work + Work @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum + AngularMomentum @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. - SIAcceptedSpecialUnit + SIAcceptedSpecialUnit @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC SecondOfArc Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. - ArcSecond + ArcSecond @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. - Bel + Bel @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricalImpedance + ElectricalImpedance @@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction + MassFraction @@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - CurrentDensity + CurrentDensity @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.Length per unit time. Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed + Speed @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential + ChemicalPotential @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass + ProtonMass @@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - VolumeDimension + VolumeDimension @@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricalReactance + ElectricalReactance @@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 Extent of a surface. - Area + Area @@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance + Luminance @@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy + Entropy @@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 - Litre + Litre @@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant + RybergConstant @@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - MolarGasConstant + MolarGasConstant @@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity + AreaDensity @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are t Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106 - Neper + Neper @@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ Wikipedia http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength @@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ Wikipedia http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle) Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 - Degree + Degree @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ Wikipedia http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant + JosephsonConstant @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ Wikipedia Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two masses. - MassPerMassUnit + MassPerMassUnit @@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ Wikipedia T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity @@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ Wikipedia http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. - Minute + Minute @@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ Wikipedia Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two velocities. - SpeedPerSpeedUnit + SpeedPerSpeedUnit @@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ Wikipedia Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricalConductivity + ElectricalConductivity @@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress + Stress @@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration + AmountConcentration @@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare - Hectare + Hectare @@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant + FineStructureConstant @@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber + Wavenumber @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity + NewtonianConstantOfGravity @@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber + MassNumber @@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability + VacuumMagneticPermeability @@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricalResistivity + ElectricalResistivity @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 - ElectronVolt + ElectronVolt @@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration + Acceleration @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux + RadiantFlux @@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. - VonKlitzingConstant + VonKlitzingConstant @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume Extent of an object in space. - Volume + Volume @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394 - Tonne + Tonne @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 - Gram + Gram diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index b229fe5b..f7f692eb 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -1,15 +1,16 @@ - - - + xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtMatch + qudtMatch http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html @@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - altLabel + altLabel @@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. - IECEntry + IECEntry @@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - license + license @@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - dbpediaMatch + dbpediaMatch https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ @@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - definition + definition @@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - elucidation + elucidation @@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) - bdoMatch + bdoMatch https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl @@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - example + example @@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaEntry + wikipediaEntry https://www.wikipedia.org/ @@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - author + author @@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - omMatch + omMatch https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM @@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacDoi + iupacDoi https://goldbook.iupac.org/ diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index 630c494f..d2b75e43 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - - - + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. - mereotopological + mereotopological @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasPart + hasPart @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasContactWith + hasContactWith @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - disconnected + disconnected @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Causality is a topological property between connected items. Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. - connected + connected @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasMember + hasMember @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. - encloses + encloses @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasProperPart + hasProperPart @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - overcrosses + overcrosses @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - hasOverlapWith + hasOverlapWith @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The superclass of all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation + EMMORelation @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object whi A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. - Collection + Collection @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit t To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology. From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. - Quantum + Quantum @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referre The smallest part of a real world object (i.e. a part that has no proper parts) is referred in the EMMO by a 'Quantum' individual. It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4D (e.g. surfaces, lines) do not exist. - EMMO + EMMO @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - Item + Item @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n - Universe + Universe diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index feb0a88b..fb37ba2d 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. - hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. - hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). - hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model. From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. - Elementary + Elementary @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. From Latin vacuus, “empty”. - Void + Void @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ d) upon collision with the detector: 'physical' made of one declared More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'. e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter. - Physical + Physical diff --git a/top/top.owl b/top/top.owl index 560c10bd..e08aaca0 100644 --- a/top/top.owl +++ b/top/top.owl @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective + Perspective From b22a65883ad8113ebc88163d688e18593c35154b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 12:07:57 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 080/141] Corrected ontology headers --- middle/holistic.owl | 4 ++-- top/annotations.owl | 8 ++++---- top/mereotopology.owl | 8 ++++---- 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 13eb08e3..83d0499c 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - - - - + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index d2b75e43..df81c3b0 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - - - + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) From 76adbe0af7de87bb445f6b717256107eb07a71bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 12:27:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 081/141] Deprecated old unused annotations (to removed later) --- emmo.owl | 14 ++++---- middle/metrology.owl | 30 ++++++++-------- top/annotations.owl | 86 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 3 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index 2331172c..34f9a8b9 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index f2bab6fe..7c4acb1f 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -22,18 +22,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferenceUnit In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) @@ -90,6 +89,7 @@ was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. + hasReferenceUnit @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - μ + μ GreekSmallLetterMu @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - A + A LatinCapitalLetterA @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - µ + µ MicroUnit @@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ barn Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - m + m LatinSmallLetterM @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - a + a LatinSmallLetterA @@ -707,8 +707,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - U+0020 + Space diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index bb051381..eb7c6057 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtMatch http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtMatch @@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + Replaced by skos:altLabel altLabel @@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + Replaced by dcterms:license license @@ -99,8 +101,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - dbpediaMatch https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaMatch @@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + Human readable definition of a concept. definition @@ -118,6 +121,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + Short enlightening explanation of a concept. elucidation @@ -128,8 +132,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) - bdoMatch https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl + bdoMatch @@ -138,6 +142,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. example @@ -148,8 +153,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaEntry https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaEntry @@ -158,6 +163,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + Replaced by dcterms:creator author @@ -168,9 +174,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - omMatch https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omMatch @@ -180,10 +186,64 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacDoi https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacDoi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + From 4af94cf70ca2ba6dab5db0df34031fd49beacc4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 12:33:58 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 082/141] Internationalized all comments --- domain/commonmaterials.owl | 2 +- emmo-inferred.owl | 336 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- emmo.owl | 2 +- middle/holistic.owl | 16 +- middle/isq.owl | 22 +-- middle/manufacturing.owl | 8 +- middle/materials.owl | 38 ++--- middle/math.owl | 14 +- middle/metrology.owl | 50 +++--- middle/models.owl | 12 +- middle/perceptual.owl | 28 ++-- middle/physicalistic.owl | 14 +- middle/properties.owl | 22 +-- middle/reductionistic.owl | 18 +- middle/semiotics.owl | 14 +- middle/siunits.owl | 62 +++---- middle/units-extension.owl | 112 ++++++------- top/annotations.owl | 22 +-- top/mereotopology.owl | 40 ++--- top/physical.owl | 24 +-- top/top.owl | 4 +- 21 files changed, 430 insertions(+), 430 deletions(-) diff --git a/domain/commonmaterials.owl b/domain/commonmaterials.owl index f24dbfb3..75121c9b 100644 --- a/domain/commonmaterials.owl +++ b/domain/commonmaterials.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index cbabbc63..545aa758 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. qudtMatch http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. + URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. dbpediaMatch https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. wikipediaEntry https://www.wikipedia.org/ @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC iupacDoi https://goldbook.iupac.org/ @@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The relation between a process and an object participating to it. - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. - Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. + Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. hasParticipant @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. + Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. hasReferenceUnit @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. hasQuantityValue @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. - Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. + Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. mereotopological @@ -389,8 +389,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - Causality is a topological property between connected items. - Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. + Causality is a topological property between connected items. + Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. connected @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. + Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. encloses @@ -656,12 +656,12 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule). - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") Holistic @@ -681,8 +681,8 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. - A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. - A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. + A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. + A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. Following the common definition of process, every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. @@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. Participant @@ -2340,7 +2340,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. Energy @@ -6329,7 +6329,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - Often denoted B. + Often denoted B. MagneticFluxDensity @@ -8878,7 +8878,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. ElectricResistance @@ -9617,7 +9617,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. ElectricConductance @@ -9652,7 +9652,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. - The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. + The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -9787,7 +9787,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. StandaloneAtom @@ -9814,10 +9814,10 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. H20, C6H12O6, CH4 - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. @@ -9925,11 +9925,11 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. BondedAtom @@ -9981,11 +9981,11 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. Continuum @@ -10055,7 +10055,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, IonAtom @@ -10121,7 +10121,7 @@ An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_ato In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. Atom @@ -10327,7 +10327,7 @@ k A numerical data value. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. Number @@ -10628,7 +10628,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. Parameter @@ -10742,7 +10742,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y - An equation with variables can always be represented as: + An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) @@ -10961,12 +10961,12 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. @@ -10975,7 +10975,7 @@ However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1 @@ -11006,9 +11006,9 @@ ISO 80000-1 - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity @@ -11488,7 +11488,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. SpecialUnit @@ -12111,7 +12111,7 @@ barn - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. ExactConstant @@ -12124,7 +12124,7 @@ barn A symbolic object used in metrology. - This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. + This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological @@ -12169,16 +12169,16 @@ barn A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. - All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. + All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. (SI brochure) - The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. + The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. ISO 80000-1 - The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this: + The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this: Ta Lb Mc Id Θe Nf Jg @@ -12523,14 +12523,14 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'. + While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'. SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, considers a SI quantity as a SI quantity value, collapsing the two concepts into one: the 'Quantity'. @@ -12631,7 +12631,7 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. PhysicalConstant @@ -12736,7 +12736,7 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Hardness Resilience - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) OrdinalQuantity @@ -13177,7 +13177,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - U+0020 + U+0020 Space @@ -13289,11 +13289,11 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg) - A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. However, a quantitative property is always a quantity. - Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). + Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects and then collapses the two concepts of SI quantity and SI quantity value into a single one: the 'Quantity'. @@ -13425,7 +13425,7 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. + The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrodinger equation. @@ -13442,7 +13442,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -13818,7 +13818,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. @@ -13847,7 +13847,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). - A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. + A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. Model @@ -14081,7 +14081,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b A force field. An Hamiltonian. - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. MaterialRelation @@ -14113,7 +14113,7 @@ An Hamiltonian. - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 MathematicalModel @@ -14166,7 +14166,7 @@ cat A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. - A music score is not a 'music' individual. + A music score is not a 'music' individual. A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. @@ -14253,7 +14253,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. - 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. + 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical @@ -14294,8 +14294,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. String @@ -14333,14 +14333,14 @@ I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical impression individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Impression' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. - 'Perceptual' includes real world objects that: + 'Perceptual' includes real world objects that: - are part of a communication system (e.g. words, speech, alphabets) - are not part of a communication system, but can be identified and referred by an interpreter - A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. + A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist through the EMMO. - From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”). - This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent). + From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”). + This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent). A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). @@ -14455,18 +14455,18 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. Symbol @@ -14490,7 +14490,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. - A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. + A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' @@ -14511,7 +14511,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... - From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. + From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. Graphical @@ -14577,7 +14577,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. Photon @@ -14662,7 +14662,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. - The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). + The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). Material @@ -14713,7 +14713,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. - The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. + The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). Field @@ -14903,7 +14903,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. + Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. ElementaryParticle @@ -14988,7 +14988,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. Graviton @@ -15060,7 +15060,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing. - The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. + The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. @@ -15079,8 +15079,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. ObjectiveProperty @@ -15194,7 +15194,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." @@ -15249,10 +15249,10 @@ Stating that an entity E has_property C, we mean that it can be observed by such This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way. + A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way. e.g. "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. - We know real world entities through observation/perception. + We know real world entities through observation/perception. A non-perceivable real world entity does not exist (or it exists on a plane of existance that has no intersection with us and we can say nothing about it). @@ -15429,7 +15429,7 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. ConventionalQuantitativeProperty @@ -15518,17 +15518,17 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. - "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" + "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" ISO 80000-1 "A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. + A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. - Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). QuantitativeProperty @@ -15589,22 +15589,22 @@ Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granu e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. + Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. A 'State' can always be direct partitioned in 'Elementary'-s and 'Void' or 'Physical'. e.g. the water in my glass can be seen as a single object without declaring direct parts, or as made of H2O molecules direct parts. - The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant. + The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the 'State' direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. There is no change in granularity or cardinality of direct parts of a 'State'. The use of spatial direct parthood in 'State' definition means that a 'State' cannot overlap in space another 'State'. - The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. + The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense that its direct parts do not appear or disappear within its lifetime as it can be for a generic 'Existent'. - There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. + There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole. State @@ -15633,22 +15633,22 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist can provide univocal tessellation in time. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist can provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). Existent @@ -15747,7 +15747,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 - Measurement unit for absorbed dose. + Measurement unit for absorbed dose. Gray @@ -15946,7 +15946,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 - Measurement unit for power. + Measurement unit for power. Watt @@ -16094,7 +16094,7 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. m/s kg/m^3 - This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. + This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -16190,7 +16190,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. AvogadroConstant @@ -16890,7 +16890,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 - Measurement unit for catalytic activity. + Measurement unit for catalytic activity. Katal @@ -17452,7 +17452,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. ElementaryCharge @@ -17531,7 +17531,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 - Measurement unit for resistance. + Measurement unit for resistance. Ohm @@ -17809,7 +17809,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 - Measurement unit for electric charge. + Measurement unit for electric charge. Coulomb @@ -17828,7 +17828,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. SICoherentUnit @@ -18162,7 +18162,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 - Measurement unit for energy. + Measurement unit for energy. Joule @@ -18510,7 +18510,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 - Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. + Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. Radian @@ -18645,7 +18645,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 - Measurement unit for pressure. + Measurement unit for pressure. Pascal @@ -18775,7 +18775,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 - Measurement unit for electric capacitance. + Measurement unit for electric capacitance. Farad @@ -18835,7 +18835,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 - Measurement unit for force. + Measurement unit for force. Newton @@ -18894,7 +18894,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 - Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. + Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. Tesla @@ -18952,7 +18952,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 - Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. + Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. DegreeCelsius @@ -19073,7 +19073,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 - Unit for radioactive activity. + Unit for radioactive activity. Becquerel @@ -19178,7 +19178,7 @@ kg/m^3 A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. - The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. + The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -19231,7 +19231,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 - Measurement unit for luminous flux. + Measurement unit for luminous flux. Lumen @@ -19283,7 +19283,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 - Measurement unit for magnetic flux. + Measurement unit for magnetic flux. Weber @@ -19334,7 +19334,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 - Measurement unit for illuminance. + Measurement unit for illuminance. Lux @@ -19491,7 +19491,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658 - Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. + Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy. Sievert @@ -19639,7 +19639,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 - Measurement unit for voltage. + Measurement unit for voltage. Volt @@ -19683,7 +19683,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 - Measurement unit for frequence. + Measurement unit for frequence. Hertz @@ -19787,7 +19787,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units - These units are SI coherent by definition. + These units are SI coherent by definition. SISpecialUnit @@ -19827,7 +19827,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - Measurement unit for electrical conductance. + Measurement unit for electrical conductance. Siemens @@ -19975,7 +19975,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 - Measurement unit for electrical inductance. + Measurement unit for electrical inductance. Henry @@ -19995,7 +19995,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. - The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. + The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. SIUnit @@ -20035,7 +20035,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant @@ -20048,7 +20048,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. Perspective @@ -20092,7 +20092,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real 2x+3 - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) AlgebricExpression @@ -20326,7 +20326,7 @@ y = f(x) 2 * a - b = c - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s AlgebricEquation @@ -20434,16 +20434,16 @@ y = f(x) The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. - A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. + A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation. An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). - Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'. + Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'. A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. Collection @@ -20466,14 +20466,14 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'.For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. + A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. - A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. + A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology. - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. Quantum @@ -20503,20 +20503,20 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. - 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). + 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items). Disjointness means that a 'Collection' individual cannot be an 'Item' individual and viceversa, representing the fact that a real world object cannot be self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime). + For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime). A real world object is then a 4D topological sub-region of the universe. A universe sub-region is isolated and defined as a real world object by the ontologist. Then, through a semiotic process that occurs at meta-ontological level (i.e. outside the ontology). an EMMO ontology entity (e.g. an OWL individual) is assigned to represent that real world object. The fundamental distinction between real world objects, upon which the EMMO is based, is self-connectedness: a real world object can be self-connected xor not self-connected. - In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach. - Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts. + In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach. + Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts. Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referred by an 'EMMO' individual, i.e. every part of a real world object always retains its 4D dimensionality. @@ -20536,17 +20536,17 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). + A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. - An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). + An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". Item @@ -20571,13 +20571,13 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. - According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). + According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model. - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) - While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) + While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. Elementary @@ -20604,7 +20604,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. - From Latin vacuus, “empty”. + From Latin vacuus, “empty”. Void @@ -20627,12 +20627,12 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). - A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. + A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived. Perception is a subcategory of physical interactions. It is an interaction that stimulate a representation of the physical object within the ontologist (the agent). - A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts. + A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts. A 'Physical' may include as part also the 'Void' surrounding or enclosed by its 'Physical' sub parts. @@ -20641,16 +20641,16 @@ There are no particular criteria for 'Physical'-s structure, except th This is done in order to take into account the quantum nature of physical systems, in which the actual position of sub-components (e.g. electrons in an atom) is not known except for its probability distribution function (according to the Copenhagen interpretation.) e.g. a real world object that has spatial parts an atom and a cubic light year of void, extending for some time, can be a physical object. - A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class. + A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class. It follows from the fact that perception is always unfolding in time. e.g. you always have an aperture time when you take a picture or measure a property. Instantaneous perceptions are idealizations (abstractions) or a very small time measurement. - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). Here the word relates to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete. - In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions. - The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models. + In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions. + The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models. Classical mechanics poses no representational issues, for the EMMO: the 4D representation of 'Physical'-s is consistent with classical physics systems. @@ -20691,7 +20691,7 @@ a) before the slit: a 'physical' that extend in space and has parts &a b) during slit passage: a 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. c) after the slit: again 'single_electron_wave_function' d) upon collision with the detector: 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. - The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch. + The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch. More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'. @@ -20778,7 +20778,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. Conventional @@ -20789,7 +20789,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. The object, in Peirce semiotics. - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. @@ -20822,12 +20822,12 @@ A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition @@ -20860,7 +20860,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). @@ -20883,7 +20883,7 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connect A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - Three subtypes of icon are possible: + Three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) @@ -21016,10 +21016,10 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl bdoMatch - URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) + URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure omMatch https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index 34f9a8b9..f7aed0fe 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 83d0499c..aa08373b 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The relation between a process and an object participating to it. - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. - Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. + Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. hasParticipant @@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") Holistic @@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. - A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. + A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. Participant diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index b9052f67..c50656f5 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. + A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. physicalDimension @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. Energy @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - Often denoted B. + Often denoted B. MagneticFluxDensity @@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. @@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. Length @@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". Time @@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." SI Brochure AmountDimension @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. ElectricResistance @@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ SI Brochure refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. RatioQuantity @@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. ElectricConductance diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index b874c81f..b8eddade 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" Device @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. - The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. + The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". Manufacturing diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 407096fa..40d1dd75 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. PhaseHeterogeneousMixture @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, Solution @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. StandaloneAtom @@ -223,10 +223,10 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. H20, C6H12O6, CH4 - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. Suspension @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. Colloid @@ -536,11 +536,11 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. BondedAtom @@ -564,11 +564,11 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. Continuum @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter StateOfMatter @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, IonAtom @@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_ato In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. Atom @@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index a17a682a..bbcc63b9 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it 2x+3 - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) AlgebricExpression @@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ k A numerical data value. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stand for the same number. @@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ y = f(x) 2 * a - b = c - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s AlgebricEquation @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ y = f(x) viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. Parameter @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ y = f(x) x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y - An equation with variables can always be represented as: + An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 7c4acb1f..c924c1f8 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. + Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. hasQuantityValue @@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1 @@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ ISO 80000-1 - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity @@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." SI Brochure DimensionOne @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ SI Brochure A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. SpecialUnit @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ barn - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. ExactConstant @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ barn A symbolic object used in metrology. - This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. + This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological @@ -456,16 +456,16 @@ barn A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. - All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. + All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. (SI brochure) - The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. + The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. ISO 80000-1 - The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this: + The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this: Ta Lb Mc Id Θe Nf Jg @@ -556,14 +556,14 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'. + While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'. SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, considers a SI quantity as a SI quantity value, collapsing the two concepts into one: the 'Quantity'. @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. PhysicalConstant @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Hardness Resilience - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) OrdinalQuantity @@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - U+0020 + U+0020 Space @@ -742,11 +742,11 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg) - A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. However, a quantitative property is always a quantity. - Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). + Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects and then collapses the two concepts of SI quantity and SI quantity value into a single one: the 'Quantity'. diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index c71ae507..8d43b090 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). - A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. + A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. Model @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b A force field. An Hamiltonian. - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. MaterialRelation @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ An Hamiltonian. - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 MathematicalModel diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index b11cd238..3a031877 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ cat A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. - A music score is not a 'music' individual. + A music score is not a 'music' individual. A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. - 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. + 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical @@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. String @@ -252,14 +252,14 @@ I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical impression individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Impression' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. - 'Perceptual' includes real world objects that: + 'Perceptual' includes real world objects that: - are part of a communication system (e.g. words, speech, alphabets) - are not part of a communication system, but can be identified and referred by an interpreter - A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. + A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist through the EMMO. - From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”). - This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent). + From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”). + This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent). A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). @@ -327,18 +327,18 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. Symbol @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. - A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. + A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... - From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. + From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. Graphical diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index c375b425..9853210e 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. Photon @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. - The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. + The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). Field @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. + Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. ElementaryParticle @@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. Graviton diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index 4f2f6c5a..5dca7e64 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing. - The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. + The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. @@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. ObjectiveProperty @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." @@ -238,10 +238,10 @@ Stating that an entity E hasProperty C, we mean that it can be observed by such This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way. + A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way. e.g. "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. - We know real world entities through observation/perception. + We know real world entities through observation/perception. A non-perceivable real world entity does not exist (or it exists on a plane of existance that has no intersection with us and we can say nothing about it). @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. ConventionalQuantitativeProperty @@ -300,17 +300,17 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. - "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" + "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" ISO 80000-1 "A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. + A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. - Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). QuantitativeProperty diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index fcdae2c9..1ea8e3cd 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -140,22 +140,22 @@ Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granu e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. + Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. A 'State' can always be direct partitioned in 'Elementary'-s and 'Void' or 'Physical'. e.g. the water in my glass can be seen as a single object without declaring direct parts, or as made of H2O molecules direct parts. - The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant. + The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the 'State' direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. There is no change in granularity or cardinality of direct parts of a 'State'. The use of spatial direct parthood in 'State' definition means that a 'State' cannot overlap in space another 'State'. - The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. + The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense that its direct parts do not appear or disappear within its lifetime as it can be for a generic 'Existent'. - There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. + There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole. State @@ -179,22 +179,22 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). Existent diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index 7f5ec11d..49ce2b17 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. Conventional @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. The object, in Peirce semiotics. - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. @@ -248,12 +248,12 @@ A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connect A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - Three subtypes of icon are possible: + Three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 03cb4c49..bfcacc4f 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 - Measurement unit for absorbed dose. + Measurement unit for absorbed dose. Gray @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 - Measurement unit for power. + Measurement unit for power. Watt @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. m/s kg/m^3 - This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. + This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. AvogadroConstant @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 - Measurement unit for catalytic activity. + Measurement unit for catalytic activity. Katal @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. ElementaryCharge @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 - Measurement unit for resistance. + Measurement unit for resistance. Ohm @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 - Measurement unit for electric charge. + Measurement unit for electric charge. Coulomb @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ kg/m^3 - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. SICoherentUnit @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 - Measurement unit for energy. + Measurement unit for energy. Joule @@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 - Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. + Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. Radian @@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 - Measurement unit for pressure. + Measurement unit for pressure. Pascal @@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 - Measurement unit for electric capacitance. + Measurement unit for electric capacitance. Farad @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 - Measurement unit for force. + Measurement unit for force. Newton @@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 - Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. + Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. Tesla @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 - Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. + Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. DegreeCelsius @@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 - Unit for radioactive activity. + Unit for radioactive activity. Becquerel @@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ kg/m^3 A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. - The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. + The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 - Measurement unit for luminous flux. + Measurement unit for luminous flux. Lumen @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 - Measurement unit for magnetic flux. + Measurement unit for magnetic flux. Weber @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 - Measurement unit for illuminance. + Measurement unit for illuminance. Lux @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658 - Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. + Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy. Sievert @@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 - Measurement unit for voltage. + Measurement unit for voltage. Volt @@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 - Measurement unit for frequence. + Measurement unit for frequence. Hertz @@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units - These units are SI coherent by definition. + These units are SI coherent by definition. SISpecialUnit @@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff S - Measurement unit for electrical conductance. + Measurement unit for electrical conductance. Siemens @@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 - Measurement unit for electrical inductance. + Measurement unit for electrical inductance. Henry @@ -1568,8 +1568,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. - The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. - The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). + The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. + The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures SIUnit @@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measureshttp://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index f264f4ae..aa121d61 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. ElectricalInductance @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - Force of gravity acting on a body. + Force of gravity acting on a body. Weight @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - Mass per volume. + Mass per volume. Density @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . Permeability @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. Probability @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. Permittivity @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Heat @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. MassConcentration @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. Vergence @@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. AtomicMass @@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350 - Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). + Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. Ångström @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. DoseEquivalent @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. Enthalpy @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - Product of mass and velocity. + Product of mass and velocity. Momentum @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - The rest mass of an electron. + The rest mass of an electron. ElectronMass @@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units - CGS is a variant of the metric system. + CGS is a variant of the metric system. CGSUnit @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. RefractiveIndex @@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. VacuumElectricPermittivity @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. AngularMomentum @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI - This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. + This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. SIAcceptedSpecialUnit @@ -609,8 +609,8 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel - Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. - bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. + Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. + bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. Bel @@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. ElectricalImpedance @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. MassFraction @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. CurrentDensity @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - Length per unit time. + Length per unit time. Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. Speed @@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. ChemicalPotential @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - The rest mass of a proton. + The rest mass of a proton. ProtonMass @@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. ElectricalReactance @@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - Extent of a surface. + Extent of a surface. Area @@ -745,8 +745,8 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. Luminance @@ -759,8 +759,8 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. Entropy @@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. RybergConstant @@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - Mass per unit area. + Mass per unit area. AreaDensity @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ Wikipedia T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. MagneticFieldStrength @@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ Wikipedia T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. JosephsonConstant @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ Wikipedia T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. CatalyticActivity @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ Wikipedia T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. ElectricalConductivity @@ -984,8 +984,8 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. Stress @@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. Molarity http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. AmountConcentration @@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. FineStructureConstant @@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. Wavenumber @@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. NewtonianConstantOfGravity @@ -1092,8 +1092,8 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. VacuumMagneticPermeability @@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - Electric field strength divided by the current density. + Electric field strength divided by the current density. ElectricalResistivity @@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. Acceleration @@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. RadiantFlux @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - Resistance quantum. + Resistance quantum. VonKlitzingConstant @@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - Extent of an object in space. + Extent of an object in space. Volume diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index eb7c6057..6eb4db8d 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html qudtMatch @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. + URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. IECEntry @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. + URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ dbpediaMatch @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Human readable definition of a concept. + Human readable definition of a concept. definition @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Short enlightening explanation of a concept. + Short enlightening explanation of a concept. elucidation @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) + URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl bdoMatch @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. example @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. https://www.wikipedia.org/ wikipediaEntry @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM omMatch @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC https://goldbook.iupac.org/ iupacDoi diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index df81c3b0..3a1eb87e 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. - Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. + Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. mereotopological @@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Causality is a topological property between connected items. - Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. + Causality is a topological property between connected items. + Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. connected @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. + Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. encloses @@ -202,16 +202,16 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. - A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. + A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation. An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). - Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'. + Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'. A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. Collection @@ -231,14 +231,14 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'.For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. + A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. - A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. + A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology. - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. Quantum @@ -268,20 +268,20 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. - 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). + 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items). Disjointness means that a 'Collection' individual cannot be an 'Item' individual and viceversa, representing the fact that a real world object cannot be self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime). + For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime). A real world object is then a 4D topological sub-region of the universe. A universe sub-region is isolated and defined as a real world object by the ontologist. Then, through a semiotic process that occurs at meta-ontological level (i.e. outside the ontology). an EMMO ontology entity (e.g. an OWL individual) is assigned to represent that real world object. The fundamental distinction between real world objects, upon which the EMMO is based, is self-connectedness: a real world object can be self-connected xor not self-connected. - In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach. - Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts. + In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach. + Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts. Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referred by an 'EMMO' individual, i.e. every part of a real world object always retains its 4D dimensionality. @@ -296,17 +296,17 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). + A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. - An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). + An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". Item diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index fb37ba2d..d3ebefd1 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -135,13 +135,13 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. - According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). + According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model. - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) - While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) + While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. Elementary @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. - From Latin vacuus, “empty”. + From Latin vacuus, “empty”. Void @@ -179,12 +179,12 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). - A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. + A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived. Perception is a subcategory of physical interactions. It is an interaction that stimulate a representation of the physical object within the ontologist (the agent). - A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts. + A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts. A 'Physical' may include as part also the 'Void' surrounding or enclosed by its 'Physical' sub parts. @@ -193,16 +193,16 @@ There are no particular criteria for 'Physical'-s structure, except th This is done in order to take into account the quantum nature of physical systems, in which the actual position of sub-components (e.g. electrons in an atom) is not known except for its probability distribution function (according to the Copenhagen interpretation.) e.g. a real world object that has spatial parts an atom and a cubic light year of void, extending for some time, can be a physical object. - A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class. + A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class. It follows from the fact that perception is always unfolding in time. e.g. you always have an aperture time when you take a picture or measure a property. Instantaneous perceptions are idealizations (abstractions) or a very small time measurement. - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). Here the word relates to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete. - In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions. - The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models. + In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions. + The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models. Classical mechanics poses no representational issues, for the EMMO: the 4D representation of 'Physical'-s is consistent with classical physics systems. @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ a) before the slit: a 'physical' that extend in space and has parts &a b) during slit passage: a 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. c) after the slit: again 'single_electron_wave_function' d) upon collision with the detector: 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. - The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch. + The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch. More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'. diff --git a/top/top.owl b/top/top.owl index e08aaca0..ebee2914 100644 --- a/top/top.owl +++ b/top/top.owl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. Perspective From 2995abb6d4a0e7de133c08240c41aa00d9a11c85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 12:39:47 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 083/141] Internationalized titles and abstracts --- domain/commonmaterials.owl | 4 ++-- emmo.owl | 4 ++-- middle/holistic.owl | 4 ++-- middle/isq.owl | 4 ++-- middle/manufacturing.owl | 4 ++-- middle/materials.owl | 4 ++-- middle/math.owl | 4 ++-- middle/metrology.owl | 4 ++-- middle/models.owl | 4 ++-- middle/perceptual.owl | 4 ++-- middle/physicalistic.owl | 4 ++-- middle/properties.owl | 4 ++-- middle/reductionistic.owl | 4 ++-- middle/semiotics.owl | 4 ++-- middle/siunits.owl | 4 ++-- middle/units-extension.owl | 4 ++-- top/annotations.owl | 4 ++-- top/mereotopology.owl | 4 ++-- top/physical.owl | 4 ++-- top/top.owl | 4 ++-- 20 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/domain/commonmaterials.owl b/domain/commonmaterials.owl index 75121c9b..63502312 100644 --- a/domain/commonmaterials.owl +++ b/domain/commonmaterials.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index f7aed0fe..d4acf684 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International Jesper Friis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode EMMC ASBL - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index aa08373b..5ca54959 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index c50656f5..63218390 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index b8eddade..e3d0fb9d 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 40d1dd75..f91d84b9 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index bbcc63b9..ba3ba760 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index c924c1f8..03b249ee 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International Jesper Friis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode EMMC ASBL - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 8d43b090..15646eeb 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index 3a031877..230457e5 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index 9853210e..50b20a8f 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index 5dca7e64..5ea9ac2a 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index 1ea8e3cd..c4fda395 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index 49ce2b17..309deb89 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index bfcacc4f..6955817c 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index aa121d61..d00c44e0 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index 6eb4db8d..c6c5fdab 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International Jesper Friis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode EMMC ASBL - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index 3a1eb87e..27e36a33 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index d3ebefd1..139cbb86 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) diff --git a/top/top.owl b/top/top.owl index ebee2914..88e85da2 100644 --- a/top/top.owl +++ b/top/top.owl @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - European Materials & Modelling Ontology + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) From ab03eabcb4836e80d2f892434dd42f29df3548c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 13:05:56 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 084/141] Import all ontologies in emmo/middle directly --- emmo.owl | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index d4acf684..afbde10e 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -13,12 +13,15 @@ + + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) From 5547ce1a25ef1c35f80b6b813e6fc5f62370ece9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 13:36:17 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 085/141] Removed separage namespace for isq --- middle/siunits.owl | 14 +++--- middle/units-extension.owl | 98 +++++++++++++++++++------------------- 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 6955817c..3c741b41 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. LuminousEfficacy @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index d00c44e0..c5e106fc 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 MoleFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 Force of gravity acting on a body. @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 Mass per volume. @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Heat @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. Vergence @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. DoseEquivalent @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 Product of mass and velocity. @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) Product of force and displacement. @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. ElectricalImpedance @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 @@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 Energy per unit change in amount of substance. @@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 The rest mass of a proton. @@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. ElectricalReactance @@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 Extent of a surface. @@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. @@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 Mass per unit area. @@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ Wikipedia - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. @@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ Wikipedia - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. @@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ Wikipedia - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. CatalyticActivity @@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ Wikipedia - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. @@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Concentration MolarConcentration Molarity @@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 @@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 @@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 Electric field strength divided by the current density. @@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 Derivative of velocity with respect to time. @@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. @@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume Extent of an object in space. Volume From 0916954b18c29185818c1bb1625d37c5fda8f02f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 13:44:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 086/141] Corrected previous commit --- middle/siunits.owl | 14 +++--- middle/units-extension.owl | 98 +++++++++++++++++++------------------- 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 3c741b41..b2f69039 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. LuminousEfficacy @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index c5e106fc..25cf7db0 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 MoleFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 Force of gravity acting on a body. @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 Mass per volume. @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Heat @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. Vergence @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. DoseEquivalent @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 Product of mass and velocity. @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) Product of force and displacement. @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. ElectricalImpedance @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 @@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 Energy per unit change in amount of substance. @@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 The rest mass of a proton. @@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. ElectricalReactance @@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 Extent of a surface. @@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. @@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 Mass per unit area. @@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ Wikipedia - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. @@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ Wikipedia - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. @@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ Wikipedia - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. CatalyticActivity @@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ Wikipedia - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. @@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Concentration MolarConcentration Molarity @@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 @@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 @@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 Electric field strength divided by the current density. @@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 Derivative of velocity with respect to time. @@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. @@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume Extent of an object in space. Volume From 94c8dba375e291a6e97e6ab43bf3adbbb3274657 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 14:28:14 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 087/141] Corrected namespace of Item --- emmo-inferred.owl | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ top/mereotopology.owl | 10 +++++----- top/physical.owl | 16 ++++++++-------- 3 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index 545aa758..ce5392d6 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + hasMember @@ -487,8 +487,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -500,8 +500,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. hasTemporalPart @@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). hasSpatialPart @@ -20416,11 +20416,11 @@ y = f(x) - + - + @@ -20453,7 +20453,7 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - + @@ -20500,7 +20500,7 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - + The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). @@ -20528,9 +20528,9 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - + - + @@ -20586,7 +20586,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - + @@ -20613,7 +20613,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - + @@ -20917,7 +20917,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + @@ -20942,7 +20942,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + @@ -20962,7 +20962,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index 27e36a33..a7c4ce08 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + hasMember @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - + The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). @@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - + - + A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index 139cbb86..b4733a16 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - + + A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. hasTemporalPart @@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). hasSpatialPart @@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + - + From 18bf244d12f34000383c4dcc2595089e68876b6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 14:45:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 088/141] Corrected namespace of prefLabel and comment of EngeneeredMaterial --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 4 ++-- middle/materials.owl | 4 ++-- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index e3d0fb9d..927e3523 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - + - + diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index f91d84b9..8c3d1a0e 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -765,9 +765,9 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - + - + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. EngineeredMaterial From 998a95eeeba2d7977640246d81482be1d9691463 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 17:32:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 089/141] Added some physical quantities and dimensionless dimensions and fixed isq namespace. New quantities - PositionVector - CentreOfMass - Velocity - ElectricDipoleMoment - MagneticDipoleMoment New dimensions - SpeedPerSpeedDimension - VolumePerVolumeDimension - AmountPerAmountDimension - MassPerMassDimension - LengthPerLengthDimension - areaPerAreaDimension --- emmo.owl | 1 + middle/isq.owl | 78 ++++++++++-- middle/siunits.owl | 31 ++--- middle/units-extension.owl | 248 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- top/annotations.owl | 11 ++ 5 files changed, 249 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo.owl b/emmo.owl index afbde10e..34b73de2 100644 --- a/emmo.owl +++ b/emmo.owl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -925,8 +925,8 @@ SI Brochure Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - InternationalSystemOfQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity @@ -972,8 +972,8 @@ fine structure constant Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - RatioQuantity https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity @@ -990,6 +990,66 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. ElectricConductance + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaPerAreaDimension + + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedPerSpeedDimension + + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two amount of substances. + AmountPerAmountDimension + + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumePerVolumeDimension + + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two masses. + MassPerMassDimension + + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthPerLengthDimension + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index b2f69039..5337bf17 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -399,8 +400,8 @@ kg/m^3 The base units in the SI system. - SIBaseUnit https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + SIBaseUnit @@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. LuminousEfficacy @@ -539,7 +540,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -710,7 +711,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -805,7 +806,7 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -1526,7 +1527,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1581,7 +1582,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 25cf7db0..0d3f8b02 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -107,11 +108,32 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3‑10.1 + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Velocity + + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 MoleFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. @@ -126,7 +148,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. @@ -139,7 +161,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 Force of gravity acting on a body. @@ -177,7 +199,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 Mass per volume. @@ -190,7 +212,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -203,7 +225,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . @@ -216,7 +238,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. @@ -229,7 +251,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 @@ -243,7 +265,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Heat @@ -255,7 +277,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -264,6 +286,22 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + ElectricDipoleMoment + + + + @@ -286,7 +324,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. Vergence @@ -322,7 +360,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 @@ -407,7 +445,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. DoseEquivalent @@ -419,7 +457,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. @@ -428,21 +466,11 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two volumes. - VolumePerVolumeUnit - - - - - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 Product of mass and velocity. @@ -451,12 +479,31 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Position + PositionVector + + + + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 @@ -466,16 +513,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two amount of substances. - AmountPerAmountUnit - - - - @@ -492,7 +529,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. @@ -506,7 +543,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. @@ -520,7 +557,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) Product of force and displacement. @@ -534,7 +571,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. @@ -620,7 +657,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. ElectricalImpedance @@ -632,7 +669,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 @@ -646,7 +683,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. @@ -659,7 +696,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 @@ -671,11 +708,35 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment + 10-9.1 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + MagneticDipoleMoment + + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 Energy per unit change in amount of substance. @@ -689,7 +750,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 The rest mass of a proton. @@ -717,7 +778,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. ElectricalReactance @@ -729,7 +790,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 Extent of a surface. @@ -742,7 +803,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). @@ -756,7 +817,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. @@ -766,6 +827,21 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + CentreOfMass + + + + @@ -795,7 +871,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 @@ -809,7 +885,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). @@ -823,7 +899,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 Mass per unit area. @@ -866,7 +942,7 @@ Wikipedia - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. @@ -898,7 +974,7 @@ Wikipedia - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. @@ -907,21 +983,11 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two masses. - MassPerMassUnit - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. CatalyticActivity @@ -953,21 +1019,11 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - Dimensionless unit for the fraction of two velocities. - SpeedPerSpeedUnit - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. @@ -982,7 +1038,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. @@ -995,7 +1051,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Concentration MolarConcentration Molarity @@ -1036,7 +1092,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 @@ -1050,7 +1106,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 @@ -1064,7 +1120,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 @@ -1078,7 +1134,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -1090,7 +1146,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. @@ -1103,7 +1159,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 Electric field strength divided by the current density. @@ -1141,7 +1197,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 Derivative of velocity with respect to time. @@ -1154,7 +1210,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. @@ -1168,7 +1224,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. @@ -1181,7 +1237,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume Extent of an object in space. Volume diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index c6c5fdab..d529103c 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -118,6 +118,17 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + 3‑1.1 (refers to length) + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + ISO80000Entry + + + + + From 70207ebcf3360c3b2e982b73f4d27259628d8385 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 18:09:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 090/141] Made all hasPhysicalDimension restrictions on units exsistential --- middle/metrology.owl | 2 +- middle/units-extension.owl | 22 +++++++++++----------- 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 03b249ee..083bbc14 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ barn - + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 0d3f8b02..c4e7d13f 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + @@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - + @@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ Wikipedia - + @@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + From 72faca4b8f9307911b98ae7a329f9dd3eb7d80f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 18:20:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 091/141] Made the dimensionality of a few missed units exsistential and switched to skos:altLabel for a few entities --- middle/isq.owl | 14 +++++++------- middle/metrology.owl | 4 ++-- middle/units-extension.owl | 20 ++++++++++---------- 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 92b8daef..2ca09efa 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricInductance + ElectricInductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - Charge + Charge http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - Voltage + Voltage http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCapacitance + ElectricCapacitance http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 @@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ SI Brochure T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - Resistance + Resistance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 @@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PlaneAngle + PlaneAngle http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - Conductance + Conductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 083bbc14..455023e5 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - µ + µ MicroUnit @@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) U+0020 - + Space diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index c4e7d13f..ae0eefad 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MoleFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + MoleFraction AmountFraction @@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN - MinuteOfArc Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. + MinuteOfArc ArcMinute @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + @@ -388,7 +388,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM - Angstrom http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom @@ -396,6 +395,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + Angstrom Ångström @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3 - Position + Position PositionVector @@ -619,8 +619,8 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC - SecondOfArc Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. + SecondOfArc ArcSecond @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - + @@ -1052,12 +1052,12 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity AmountConcentration From f831d5a6d740a0cb093fa438918ed01afd7bad2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2020 20:20:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 092/141] Added annotation from BIPM --- middle/metrology.owl | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 455023e5..1ad3c1e4 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -444,6 +444,9 @@ barn A symbolic object used in metrology. + Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application. + +-- BIPM This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological From c1045891e86515efbea8bf16a7bbe0e0c499b863 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2020 13:47:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 093/141] Updated a some annotations. --- middle/isq.owl | 134 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- middle/metrology.owl | 4 +- middle/properties.owl | 74 +++++++++++------------ middle/siunits.owl | 3 +- 4 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 2ca09efa..bc18b877 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -100,10 +100,10 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricInductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + ElectricInductance Inductance @@ -142,10 +142,10 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - Charge http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + Charge ElectricCharge @@ -185,6 +185,26 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaPerAreaDimension + + + + + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedPerSpeedDimension + + + + @@ -301,10 +321,10 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - Voltage http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + Voltage ElectricPotential @@ -469,6 +489,16 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two amount of substances. + AmountPerAmountDimension + + + + @@ -499,6 +529,16 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumePerVolumeDimension + + + + @@ -564,6 +604,16 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two masses. + MassPerMassDimension + + + + @@ -583,10 +633,10 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCapacitance http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + ElectricCapacitance Capacitance @@ -621,6 +671,16 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthPerLengthDimension + + + + @@ -872,11 +932,11 @@ SI Brochure T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - Resistance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Resistance ElectricResistance @@ -936,10 +996,10 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PlaneAngle http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + PlaneAngle Angle @@ -983,73 +1043,13 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - Conductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Conductance ElectricConductance - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaPerAreaDimension - - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedPerSpeedDimension - - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two amount of substances. - AmountPerAmountDimension - - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumePerVolumeDimension - - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two masses. - MassPerMassDimension - - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthPerLengthDimension - diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 1ad3c1e4..270fd295 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ barn A symbolic object used in metrology. Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application. --- BIPM +-- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index 5ea9ac2a..074fae46 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -80,6 +80,36 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" +ISO 80000-1 + +"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. + A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. + +A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. + +For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. + Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + QuantitativeProperty + + + + @@ -286,36 +316,6 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. - "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" -ISO 80000-1 - -"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. - -A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. - -For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. - Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - QuantitativeProperty - - - - diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 5337bf17..d99a436f 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -530,7 +530,8 @@ kg/m^3 T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacy + Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation From 0cd05e6aeeb481a015469eee116a5a0976ad17f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2020 21:59:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 094/141] Removed the subclasses of DimensionOne and added them to UnitOne instead. Since this is more in accordance with VIM. --- middle/isq.owl | 60 ------------------------- middle/units-extension.owl | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index bc18b877..b4fa258a 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -185,26 +185,6 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaPerAreaDimension - - - - - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedPerSpeedDimension - - - - @@ -489,16 +469,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two amount of substances. - AmountPerAmountDimension - - - - @@ -529,16 +499,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumePerVolumeDimension - - - - @@ -604,16 +564,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two masses. - MassPerMassDimension - - - - @@ -671,16 +621,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - Physical dimension of quantities that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthPerLengthDimension - - - - diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index ae0eefad..56e56925 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -273,6 +273,18 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + Unit for dimensionless units that cannot be expressed as a 'FractionUnit'. + Unit of AtomicNumber + PureNumberUnit + + + + @@ -286,6 +298,17 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + MassFractionUnit + + + + @@ -653,6 +676,17 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. + AreaFractionUnit + + + + @@ -842,6 +876,17 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. + VolumeFractionUnit + + + + @@ -995,6 +1040,19 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + FractionUnit + + + + @@ -1019,6 +1077,17 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. + LengthFractionUnit + + + + @@ -1219,6 +1288,17 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. + SpeedFractionUnit + + + + @@ -1245,6 +1325,17 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + AmountFractionUnit + + + + From f318a1b60c873e6ced466bc0a0378c86cbafb535 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2020 22:12:38 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 095/141] Added some additional quantities and units from MarketPlace-1.0.1. Needed by crystallography and atomistic ontologies. --- middle/isq.owl | 13 ++ middle/physicalistic.owl | 24 ++- middle/units-extension.owl | 335 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 3 files changed, 340 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index b4fa258a..fc92a21c 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -990,6 +990,19 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param Conductance ElectricConductance + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index 50b20a8f..a7e7eef5 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. Material @@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. Electron @@ -244,13 +246,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 56e56925..111e0b67 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -59,6 +59,88 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -132,7 +214,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. @@ -211,7 +293,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. @@ -325,6 +407,21 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentDimension + + + + @@ -464,18 +561,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - - - - @@ -536,6 +621,38 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for speed. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time + MetrePerSecond + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + PotentialEnergy + + + + @@ -551,7 +668,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 @@ -702,7 +819,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction @@ -766,6 +883,22 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/InternalEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + + + + @@ -887,6 +1020,23 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for volume. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre + CubicMetre + + + + @@ -926,6 +1076,63 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + VolumeFraction + + + + + + + + + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Torque + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + Torque + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/KineticEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + KineticEnergy + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain + Strain + + + + @@ -953,6 +1160,23 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for area. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre + SquareMetre + + + + @@ -1040,6 +1264,24 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for torque. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre + Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule. + NewtonMetre + + + + @@ -1077,6 +1319,19 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). + + + + + + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + + + + @@ -1174,7 +1429,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber @@ -1202,7 +1457,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -1299,6 +1554,22 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + + + + + + + + + + + Measurement unit for electric dipole moment. + ColumnMetre + + + + @@ -1313,6 +1584,19 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + ReciprocalLength + + + + @@ -1336,6 +1620,21 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VelocityDimension + + + + From bfca53ca742686bced2e9d95912284090e815202 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2020 20:00:12 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 096/141] changed how to view skos:prefLabel in Protege doc --- doc/protege-setup.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/doc/protege-setup.md b/doc/protege-setup.md index b315f738..a9afabce 100644 --- a/doc/protege-setup.md +++ b/doc/protege-setup.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ After you have installed Protégé (can be downloaded from [https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege](https://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege)) it is recommended that you go through the following steps: - * To render by label, select `View -> 'Render by label (rdfs:label)'` + * To render by label, select `View -> 'Render by annotation property' -> skos:prefLabel` * Install the FaCT++ reasoner: 1. Select `File -> 'Check for plugins...'` From a628028a612edd724b4c055a4e9649f360abf3c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2020 15:05:12 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 097/141] Removed duplicated decleration of Inductance --- middle/units-extension.owl | 13 ------------- 1 file changed, 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 111e0b67..7e117b4d 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -226,19 +226,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricalInductance - - - - From 5b1edc3c68d675a5147a798da2c453365ace6641 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2020 15:40:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 098/141] Removed duplicated decleration of CatalyticActivity --- middle/units-extension.owl | 12 ------------ 1 file changed, 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 7e117b4d..f52b01b9 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -1239,18 +1239,6 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - - - - From 7d2438c136a345ae0e7bbc6306c72663e2bd9183 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2020 10:51:16 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 099/141] Remade emmo-inferred.owl --- emmo-inferred.owl | 18564 ++++++++------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 3067 insertions(+), 15497 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index ce5392d6..67c1882c 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -1,40 +1,36 @@ - - - - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" + xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" + xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Contacts: -Gerhard Goldbeck -Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) -email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com - -Emanuele Ghedini -University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT + Adham Hashibon + Emanuele Ghedini + Georg Schmitz + Gerhard Goldbeck + Jesper Friis + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL + European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -44,11 +40,7 @@ Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + 1.0.0-alpha2 @@ -64,29 +56,33 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtMatch - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + + A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. + +See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. + physicalDimension - + - - altLabel + + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtMatch - + - - license - + + URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. + IECEntry + @@ -94,8 +90,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - dbpediaMatch https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaMatch @@ -103,14 +99,26 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + Human readable definition of a concept. definition + + + + 3‑1.1 (refers to length) + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + ISO80000Entry + + + + + Short enlightening explanation of a concept. elucidation @@ -119,6 +127,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. example @@ -128,17 +137,20 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaEntry https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaEntry - + - - author - + + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omMatch + @@ -146,12 +158,48 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacDoi https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacDoi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -164,6 +212,18 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + + + + + + + + - + hasVariable @@ -214,13 +274,31 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. + In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + Length hasReferenceUnit only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. hasReferenceUnit @@ -230,7 +308,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - @@ -247,7 +324,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasPhysicsDimension + hasPhysicalDimension @@ -255,7 +332,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + hasModel @@ -264,8 +341,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + hasProperty @@ -311,6 +388,72 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio + + + + + + + + + + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + + + + + + + + + + hasIndex + + + + + + + + + + hasIcon + + + + + + + + + + + hasSign + + + + + + + + + + hasInterpretant + + + + + + + + + + hasConvention + + + + @@ -320,7 +463,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. @@ -355,7 +497,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasContactWith @@ -371,7 +512,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - disconnected @@ -387,7 +527,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - Causality is a topological property between connected items. Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. @@ -444,7 +583,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - overcrosses @@ -460,7 +598,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - hasOverlapWith @@ -471,7 +608,6 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - @@ -521,76 +657,9 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - - - - - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - - - - - - - - - - hasIndex - - - - - - - - - - hasIcon - - - - - - - - - - - hasSign - - - - - - - - - - hasInterpretant - - - - - - - - - - hasConvention - - - - - @@ -653,14 +722,12 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - - A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. + A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). -Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ. +A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule). +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") Holistic @@ -678,17 +745,13 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid - - A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. - A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. -Following the common definition of process, every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. +However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). -However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist. - -A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist, i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason. +A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist (i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason). Process @@ -709,8 +772,6 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom - - A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. @@ -730,170 +791,6 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TimeDimension @@ -903,156 +800,11 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricInductance + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + ElectricInductance Inductance @@ -1062,152 +814,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 @@ -1226,167 +833,6 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensityDimension @@ -1396,155 +842,11 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Charge + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + Charge ElectricCharge @@ -1555,154 +857,6 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -1723,150 +877,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Force Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 @@ -1880,139 +891,6 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -2029,163 +907,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeCurrentDimension + ElectricPotentialDimension @@ -2194,149 +916,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -2356,329 +936,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DimensionOne + ElectricConductanceDimension @@ -2687,147 +945,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 @@ -2840,147 +958,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -2999,157 +977,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerTemperatureSquareTimeDimension + EntropyDimension @@ -3164,156 +992,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension + MagneticFluxDimension @@ -3322,149 +1001,11 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Voltage + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + Voltage ElectricPotential @@ -3473,6 +1014,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world + @@ -3480,154 +1022,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LengthPerTimeDimension + SpeedDimension @@ -3642,153 +1037,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerTimeDimension + AngularMomentumDimension @@ -3797,143 +1046,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 @@ -3946,157 +1059,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -4114,150 +1077,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PerTimeDimension + FrequencyDimension @@ -4272,149 +1092,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassPerLengthSquareTimeDimension + PressureDimension @@ -4429,148 +1107,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + ForceDimension @@ -4585,147 +1122,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeSquareCurrentDimension + InductanceDimension @@ -4740,146 +1137,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensityCubicTimePerMassLengthDimension + LuminousEfficacyDimension @@ -4894,145 +1152,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensityPerSquareLengthDimension + IlluminanceDimension @@ -5041,136 +1161,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. @@ -5191,143 +1182,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeSquareCurrentDimension + ElectricResistanceDimension @@ -5342,141 +1197,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassDimension @@ -5486,147 +1206,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 @@ -5645,140 +1225,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + AbsorbedDoseDimension @@ -5787,132 +1234,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 @@ -5925,132 +1247,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -6062,132 +1259,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 @@ -6200,132 +1272,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 @@ -6339,141 +1286,30 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCapacitance + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + ElectricCapacitance Capacitance + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + + + + @@ -6484,133 +1320,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TemperatureDimension @@ -6626,133 +1335,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TimeCurrentDimension + ElectricChargeDimension @@ -6767,131 +1350,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PerAmountDimension @@ -6901,137 +1359,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 @@ -7050,130 +1378,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - QuarticTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension + CapacitanceDimension @@ -7188,128 +1393,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LengthDimension @@ -7319,126 +1402,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 @@ -7447,130 +1411,31 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +"There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one." + PureNumberQuantity + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -7588,126 +1453,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeDimension + PowerDimension @@ -7716,131 +1462,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 @@ -7853,133 +1475,12 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. Length @@ -7995,123 +1496,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AmountPerTimeDimension + CatalyticActivityDimension @@ -8120,131 +1505,13 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". Time @@ -8260,120 +1527,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCurrentDimension @@ -8383,120 +1536,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 @@ -8515,118 +1555,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." +SI Brochure AmountDimension @@ -8635,120 +1565,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 @@ -8761,124 +1579,12 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Resistance + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Resistance ElectricResistance @@ -8894,116 +1600,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension + MagneticFluxDensityDimension @@ -9012,17 +1609,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -9033,110 +1619,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 @@ -9149,109 +1632,10 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - InternationalSystemOfQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity @@ -9259,121 +1643,12 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + PlaneAngle Angle @@ -9389,112 +1664,25 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension + EnergyDimension + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity @@ -9503,121 +1691,12 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Conductance + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Conductance ElectricConductance @@ -9627,9 +1706,32 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - Component + + + + + + + + + + + An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. + +Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" + Device + + + + + + + + + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. + Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. + ContinuousManufacturing @@ -9648,9 +1750,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. + A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -9658,6 +1758,17 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. + Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. + DiscreteManufacturing + + + + @@ -9668,99 +1779,146 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - + The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". Manufacturing - + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - System - - - - - - - - + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. - ElectronCloud + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial - + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. - MaterialState - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 + + + + + + + A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. + ElectronCloud + + + + + + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoParticle + + + + + + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + + + + + + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + + + + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + SolidSolidSuspension @@ -9769,19 +1927,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -9793,25 +1938,20 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. H20, C6H12O6, CH4 An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. @@ -9827,53 +1967,160 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + + + + + + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + + + + + + + + + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. + Emulsion + + + + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water + LiquidGasSuspension + + + + + + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. NeutralAtom + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + + + + + + + + + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + + + + + + + + + + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + + + + + + + + + + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + + + + + + + + + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -9883,25 +2130,143 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) + + + + + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + + + + + + + + + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + + + + + + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + + + + + + + + + + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasMixture + + + + + + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AcqueousSolution + + + + + + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + + + + + + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + + + + + + + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + +[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)] + PhaseOfMatter + + + + + + + + + A material that undergoes chemical changes. + ReactiveMaterial + + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + + + + + + + + + + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + + + + + + + + + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Subatomic @@ -9911,19 +2276,6 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - - - - - - - - - - - - - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. @@ -9939,19 +2291,6 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. Gas, liquid, plasma, Fluid @@ -9962,22 +2301,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 @@ -9995,65 +2319,124 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + Proton + + + + + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + + + + + + + + + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + + + + + + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel + SolidFoam + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. Solid + + + + + + + + + + + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + StateOfMatter + + + + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + + + + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. + GasSolidSuspension + + + + + + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, IonAtom @@ -10065,30 +2448,68 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Neutron - + - - - + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + GasLiquidSuspension + + + + + + + + + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + + + + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud + LiquidSolidSuspension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -10101,19 +2522,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. @@ -10127,40 +2535,51 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + + + + + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleus + + + + + + + Δ + + + + Laplacian + + + + - - - + Vector @@ -10170,18 +2589,6 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - - - - - - - - - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. f(x) > 0 Inequality @@ -10212,56 +2619,36 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Real + + + + + 2x+3 + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + + + + + + + + + Matrix + + + + - + @@ -10272,8 +2659,6 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - - A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. x k @@ -10288,65 +2673,128 @@ k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A numerical data value. A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. + +More than one numeral stand for the same number. + +In the EMMO abstract entities does not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). + +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). + +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. + +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. Number + + + + + Exponent + + + + + + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) + DefiningEquation + + + + + + + + + + + * + + + + Multiplication + + + + + + + + + AlgebricOperator + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + Minus + + + + + + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) + FunctionDefinition + + + + - - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). Numerical + + + + + + + = + + + + + + The equals symbol. + Equals + + + + @@ -10370,45 +2818,6 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Boolean @@ -10418,8 +2827,6 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. Mathematical @@ -10449,44 +2856,6 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol @@ -10495,45 +2864,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + ArithmeticOperator @@ -10544,20 +2875,8 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. - Formula + A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false. + MathematicalFormula @@ -10565,7 +2884,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - + @@ -10576,28 +2895,79 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2+2 ArithmeticExpression + + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + + + + + + + + + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + Polynomial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 * a - b = c + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + + + + + + + + + + + / + + + + Division + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 = 2 + ArithmeticEquation + + + + @@ -10612,8 +2982,6 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. π refers to the constant number ~3.14 Constant @@ -10621,12 +2989,25 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac + + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + + + + - - viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. Parameter @@ -10645,98 +3026,6 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x @@ -10752,6 +3041,26 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + + + + + + MathematicalOperator + + + + + + + + + DifferentialOperator + + + + @@ -10775,43 +3084,6 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Integer @@ -10822,18 +3094,6 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - - - - - - - - - - - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. Expression @@ -10844,8 +3104,6 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. Unknown @@ -10853,6 +3111,15 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + + + + Array + + + + @@ -10864,103 +3131,11 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. @@ -10988,12 +3163,6 @@ ISO 80000-1 - - - - - - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. DerivedUnit @@ -11004,8 +3173,6 @@ ISO 80000-1 - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). @@ -11030,108 +3197,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - μ + μ GreekSmallLetterMu @@ -11147,104 +3213,7 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A + A LatinCapitalLetterA @@ -11263,42 +3232,6 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -11320,171 +3253,45 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - µ + µ MicroUnit + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." +SI Brochure + DimensionOne + + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m @@ -11498,102 +3305,6 @@ J stands for N m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. MeasuredConstant @@ -11623,41 +3334,6 @@ J stands for N m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. MetrologicalSymbol @@ -11668,8 +3344,6 @@ J stands for N m - - A unit that does not belong to any system of units. eV barn @@ -11682,64 +3356,12 @@ barn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. Refractive index or volume fraction. @@ -11753,94 +3375,7 @@ barn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. MultipleUnit @@ -11850,92 +3385,6 @@ barn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". DerivedQuantity @@ -11950,42 +3399,9 @@ barn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix @@ -12012,11 +3428,6 @@ barn - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. NonPrefixedUnit @@ -12027,90 +3438,6 @@ barn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. ExactConstant @@ -12121,9 +3448,10 @@ barn - - A symbolic object used in metrology. + Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application. + +-- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological @@ -12136,38 +3464,6 @@ barn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, @@ -12191,7 +3487,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PhysicsDimension + PhysicalDimension @@ -12200,90 +3496,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. SubMultipleUnit @@ -12299,95 +3512,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m + m LatinSmallLetterM @@ -12403,90 +3528,6 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1 BaseQuantity @@ -12498,8 +3539,6 @@ ISO 80000-1 - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l @@ -12512,9 +3551,15 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - + + + + + 1 + + + + @@ -12544,88 +3589,6 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -12643,95 +3606,6 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Hardness @@ -12775,89 +3649,6 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -12872,8 +3663,6 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) ProcedureUnit @@ -12891,93 +3680,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a + a LatinSmallLetterA @@ -12987,93 +3690,47 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. BaseUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" +ISO 80000-1 + +"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. + A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. + +A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. + +For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. + Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + QuantitativeProperty + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UTF8 @@ -13089,95 +3746,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U+0020 + Space @@ -13202,83 +3772,6 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -13315,9 +3808,6 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. Experiment @@ -13345,91 +3835,12 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. + The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrodinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. PhysicsEquation @@ -13439,10 +3850,8 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -13452,83 +3861,6 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. ContinuumModel @@ -13539,83 +3871,6 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. MesoscopicModel @@ -13626,9 +3881,6 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. Theorization @@ -13639,83 +3891,6 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock. @@ -13728,83 +3903,6 @@ Hartree-Fock. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. AtomisticModel @@ -13814,9 +3912,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - - - + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. @@ -13841,9 +3937,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - - - + A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). @@ -13857,8 +3951,6 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - PhysicalLaw @@ -13868,9 +3960,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - - A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. + A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. DataBasedModel @@ -13892,83 +3982,6 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. PhysicsBasedModel @@ -13979,8 +3992,6 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - NaturalLaw @@ -13996,85 +4007,6 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). The Lennard-Jones potential. @@ -14091,8 +4023,6 @@ An Hamiltonian. - - MaterialLaw @@ -14111,8 +4041,6 @@ An Hamiltonian. - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 @@ -14125,8 +4053,6 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - - An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. fe780 emmo @@ -14141,8 +4067,6 @@ cat - - 0-manifold @@ -14152,8 +4076,6 @@ cat - - 1-manifold @@ -14163,8 +4085,6 @@ cat - - A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. A music score is not a 'music' individual. @@ -14180,8 +4100,6 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - - Curve @@ -14191,8 +4109,6 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - - A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. @@ -14206,8 +4122,6 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - Plane @@ -14217,8 +4131,6 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - Point @@ -14228,8 +4140,6 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - Line @@ -14239,8 +4149,6 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - 3-manifold @@ -14250,9 +4158,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - - An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. + A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical @@ -14276,18 +4182,6 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. @@ -14305,8 +4199,6 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos - - EuclideanSpace @@ -14316,8 +4208,6 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos - - A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). A line scratched on a surface. A sound. @@ -14354,8 +4244,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - Speech @@ -14365,8 +4253,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - Torus @@ -14383,18 +4269,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. SymbolicComposition @@ -14405,8 +4279,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - Noise @@ -14416,8 +4288,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - 2-manifold @@ -14427,32 +4297,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. @@ -14476,8 +4320,6 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - - Circle @@ -14487,8 +4329,6 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - - A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. @@ -14507,9 +4347,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. + A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. Graphical @@ -14521,8 +4359,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - Sphere @@ -14532,8 +4368,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). Language @@ -14545,38 +4379,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. Photon @@ -14595,36 +4397,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. Massive @@ -14645,10 +4417,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - - A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. Vacuum @@ -14659,10 +4427,9 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. - The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). + A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. Material @@ -14672,7 +4439,26 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -14685,8 +4471,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. Matter @@ -14710,8 +4494,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. @@ -14726,37 +4508,6 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. Quark @@ -14768,35 +4519,6 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. Gluon @@ -14807,37 +4529,21 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. Electron @@ -14855,9 +4561,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. + The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences. Physicalistic @@ -14868,33 +4572,6 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -14922,33 +4599,6 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. Massless @@ -14960,33 +4610,6 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. @@ -14999,7 +4622,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - + @@ -15012,9 +4635,6 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observation @@ -15024,7 +4644,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - + @@ -15035,10 +4655,6 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - - - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observer @@ -15049,14 +4665,6 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - - - - - - - - A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing. @@ -15076,8 +4684,6 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - - A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. @@ -15096,9 +4702,6 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - - - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. Measurement @@ -15108,75 +4711,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + MeasuredQuantitativeProperty @@ -15186,8 +4721,6 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered @@ -15207,7 +4740,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - + @@ -15225,11 +4758,9 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - + - - @@ -15244,7 +4775,7 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E has_property C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +Stating that an entity E hasProperty C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. @@ -15277,75 +4808,7 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + ModelledQuantitativeProperty @@ -15354,75 +4817,7 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. @@ -15435,113 +4830,10 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. - "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" -ISO 80000-1 - -"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. - -A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. - -For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. - Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - QuantitativeProperty - - - - - - - - MeasurementInstrument @@ -15559,10 +4851,6 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - - - - A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). @@ -15581,10 +4869,6 @@ Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granu - - - - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. @@ -15628,10 +4912,6 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot - - - - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). @@ -15640,7 +4920,7 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist can provide univocal tessellation in time. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. @@ -15654,6 +4934,202 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + Semiosis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + Interpreter + + + + + + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + Index + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + + + + + + + + + The object, in Peirce semiotics. + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + Object + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + Sign + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + Semiotic + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + +An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + Three subtypes of icon are possible: + +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) + +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) + +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else + +[Wikipedia] + Icon + + + + @@ -15670,81 +5146,6 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only Gy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 Measurement unit for absorbed dose. @@ -15778,78 +5179,6 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only p - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pico @@ -15871,79 +5200,6 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only W - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 Measurement unit for power. @@ -15977,76 +5233,6 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deci @@ -16056,41 +5242,6 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. m/s kg/m^3 @@ -16104,88 +5255,7 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -16221,74 +5291,6 @@ kg/m^3 da - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deka @@ -16319,73 +5321,6 @@ kg/m^3 h - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hecto @@ -16416,72 +5351,6 @@ kg/m^3 f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Femto @@ -16512,71 +5381,6 @@ kg/m^3 z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zepto @@ -16598,71 +5402,6 @@ kg/m^3 K - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 @@ -16687,70 +5426,6 @@ kg/m^3 s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 @@ -16764,42 +5439,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -16825,69 +5464,6 @@ kg/m^3 kat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 Measurement unit for catalytic activity. @@ -16901,62 +5477,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -16967,8 +5487,8 @@ kg/m^3 The base units in the SI system. - SIBaseUnit https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + SIBaseUnit @@ -16998,63 +5518,6 @@ kg/m^3 T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tera @@ -17086,64 +5549,6 @@ kg/m^3 a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Atto @@ -17174,63 +5579,6 @@ kg/m^3 P - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Peta @@ -17240,49 +5588,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -17314,76 +5619,10 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacy + Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation @@ -17393,61 +5632,7 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -17474,61 +5659,6 @@ kg/m^3 Ω - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 Measurement unit for resistance. @@ -17562,59 +5692,6 @@ kg/m^3 E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Exa @@ -17645,58 +5722,6 @@ kg/m^3 M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mega @@ -17706,34 +5731,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -17756,57 +5753,6 @@ kg/m^3 C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 Measurement unit for electric charge. @@ -17819,10 +5765,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - @@ -17859,56 +5801,6 @@ kg/m^3 k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kilo @@ -17918,67 +5810,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -18005,54 +5838,6 @@ kg/m^3 m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 @@ -18065,30 +5850,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -18114,52 +5875,6 @@ kg/m^3 J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 Measurement unit for energy. @@ -18184,52 +5899,6 @@ kg/m^3 cd - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 @@ -18242,63 +5911,8 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -18324,50 +5938,6 @@ kg/m^3 kg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 @@ -18402,49 +5972,6 @@ kg/m^3 µ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Micro @@ -18457,7 +5984,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -18466,47 +5993,6 @@ kg/m^3 rad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 @@ -18542,47 +6028,6 @@ kg/m^3 m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Milli @@ -18604,45 +6049,6 @@ kg/m^3 Pa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 Measurement unit for pressure. @@ -18676,53 +6082,14 @@ kg/m^3 G - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Giga - + - + @@ -18736,43 +6103,6 @@ kg/m^3 F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 Measurement unit for electric capacitance. @@ -18781,9 +6111,9 @@ kg/m^3 - + - + @@ -18797,42 +6127,6 @@ kg/m^3 N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 Measurement unit for force. @@ -18857,41 +6151,6 @@ kg/m^3 T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. @@ -18916,40 +6175,6 @@ kg/m^3 °C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. @@ -18983,40 +6208,6 @@ kg/m^3 c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Centi @@ -19038,38 +6229,6 @@ kg/m^3 Bq - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 @@ -19086,7 +6245,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -19095,37 +6254,6 @@ kg/m^3 sr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 @@ -19139,44 +6267,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -19200,35 +6290,6 @@ kg/m^3 lm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 Measurement unit for luminous flux. @@ -19253,34 +6314,6 @@ kg/m^3 Wb - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 Measurement unit for magnetic flux. @@ -19305,33 +6338,6 @@ kg/m^3 lx - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 Measurement unit for illuminance. @@ -19365,33 +6371,6 @@ kg/m^3 Z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zetta @@ -19414,32 +6393,6 @@ kg/m^3 A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 @@ -19464,30 +6417,6 @@ kg/m^3 Sv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658 @@ -19515,30 +6444,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff mol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 @@ -19572,29 +6477,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nano @@ -19616,27 +6498,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff V - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 Measurement unit for voltage. @@ -19661,26 +6522,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Hz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 Measurement unit for frequence. @@ -19714,26 +6555,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yotta @@ -19744,23 +6565,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -19770,8 +6574,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - + + @@ -19793,618 +6597,1661 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + S + + + Measurement unit for electrical conductance. + Siemens + + + + + + + + + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1e-24 + + + + + + + + y + + + Yocto + + + + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + H + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 + Measurement unit for electrical inductance. + Henry + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. + The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. + The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). + +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures + SIUnit + + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Da + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton + http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit + One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 + Dalton + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3‑10.1 + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Velocity + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + au + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC + http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit + One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit + AstronomicalUnit + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + Mass per volume. + Density + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + AtomicNumber + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + + + + + + + + + + Unit for dimensionless units that cannot be expressed as a 'FractionUnit'. + Unit of AtomicNumber + PureNumberUnit + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + + + + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + MassFractionUnit + + + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + ElectricDipoleMoment + + + + + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + ′ + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. + MinuteOfArc + ArcMinute + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + h + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR + Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866 + Hour + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + AtomicMass + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Å + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM + http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m + Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350 + Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). + +Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + Angstrom + Ångström + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + d + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY + http://dbpedia.org/page/Day + A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527 + Day + + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaDimension + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Position + PositionVector + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for speed. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time + MetrePerSecond + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + PotentialEnergy + + + + + + + + + The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units + CGS is a variant of the metric system. + CGSUnit + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat + http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) + Product of force and displacement. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Work + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI + This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. + SIAcceptedSpecialUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + ″ + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. + SecondOfArc + ArcSecond + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + B + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B + One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel + Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. + bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. + Bel + + + + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. + AreaFractionUnit + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricalImpedance + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + CurrentDensity + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + + + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment + 10-9.1 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + MagneticDipoleMoment + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/InternalEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VolumeDimension + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricalReactance + + + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + Extent of a surface. + Area + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + CentreOfMass + + + + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. + VolumeFractionUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for volume. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre + CubicMetre + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + l + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L + A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 + Litre + + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + VolumeFraction + + + + + + + + + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Torque + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + Torque + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/KineticEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + KineticEnergy + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain + Strain + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + MolarGasConstant + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for area. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre + SquareMetre + + + + + - - + + + - + - S + Np - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measurement unit for electrical conductance. - Siemens + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP + http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. + +The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. + +Wikipedia + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106 + Neper - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength - + - - + + + - - - - - - - - - 1e-24 - - + + ° + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG + http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle) + Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 + Degree + + + + + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + + + + + + + + - - y + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yocto + SI coherent measurement unit for torque. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre + Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule. + NewtonMetre - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + + + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + FractionUnit - + - - + + + - + - H + min - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 - Measurement unit for electrical inductance. - Henry + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN + http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute + Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. + Minute - + - - - - - - - - - - - - The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. - The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. - SIUnit + + + + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. + LengthFractionUnit - + - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricalConductivity - + - - + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Δ + ha - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Laplacian + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA + http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare + A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare + Hectare - + - - - - - - - 2x+3 - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant - + - - - - - Matrix + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber - + - - - - - - - - - Exponent + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity - + - - - - - Array + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + + -The definition of density as mass/volume. -y = f(x) - DefiningEquation + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricalResistivity - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - * + eV - - - - - - - - - - - - - Multiplication + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt + The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 + ElectronVolt - + - - - - - - - - AlgebricOperator + + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Minus + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - FunctionDefinition + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. + SpeedFractionUnit - + - - + + + - - = + + - - - - - - - - - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals + + Measurement unit for electric dipole moment. + ColumnMetre - + - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - Plus + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + Resistance quantum. + VonKlitzingConstant - + - - - - - - - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - Polynomial + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + ReciprocalLength - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 * a - b = c - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume - + - - - - - / - - - - - - - - Division + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + AmountFractionUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - 1 + 1 = 2 - ArithmeticEquation + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VelocityDimension - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - ∇ + t - - - - - Gradient + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M + A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394 + Tonne - + - - - - - - - MathematicalOperator + + + + + + + + + + + + + g + + + Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 + Gram - + - - - - - DifferentialOperator + + + The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. + +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective @@ -20419,20 +8266,6 @@ y = f(x) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. @@ -20460,8 +8293,6 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - - The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). @@ -20482,6 +8313,12 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the + + + + + + @@ -20492,12 +8329,6 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - - - - - - @@ -20528,30 +8359,6 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - - - - - - - - - A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). - -Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. - An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). - -In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. - -All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. - -Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - Item - - - - @@ -20568,8 +8375,6 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n - - The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). @@ -20593,16 +8398,6 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - - - - - - - - - - A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. From Latin vacuus, “empty”. Void @@ -20701,198 +8496,26 @@ e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - Semiosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - Interpreter - - - - - - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Index - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - - - - - - - - - The object, in Peirce semiotics. - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - Object - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - Sign - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - Semiotic - - - - - + - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + + + + + + + A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). -An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - Three subtypes of icon are possible: - -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. + An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. -[Wikipedia] - Icon +Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + Item @@ -20908,91 +8531,29 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Universe 1 - 1 + 1 1 + + 1 + + + 2 + 2 @@ -21000,7 +8561,10 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic 1 - 1 + 1 + + + 1 @@ -21013,20 +8577,26 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// --> + + Replaced by skos:altLabel + altLabel + + + license + Replaced by dcterms:license + https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl - bdoMatch URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) + bdoMatch - - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - omMatch - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + + Replaced by dcterms:creator + author - + From f6397609226ac75e3b07a70f44fbb538bce87d7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2020 15:25:31 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 100/141] removed duplicates of CatalyticActivity and Inductance --- middle/units-extension.owl | 27 +-------------------------- top/annotations.owl | 17 +++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 56e56925..0fd4c3a5 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -144,19 +144,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricalInductance - - - - @@ -1028,18 +1015,6 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - - - - @@ -1386,5 +1361,5 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index d529103c..be290f5b 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -242,22 +242,31 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + + + + - + + + + - + + + + - + From be74dec6707709ab3079ff24ee6752debff95848 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2020 15:31:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 101/141] Removed duplicate DoseEquivalent --- middle/units-extension.owl | 12 ------------ 1 file changed, 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 0fd4c3a5..84418ba1 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -451,18 +451,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - - - - From d1514c3f96aecc757250af6dd5c5f3029d8e04a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Thu, 24 Sep 2020 21:58:53 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 102/141] Perceptual Branch Improvements --- middle/isq.owl | 55 ------ middle/metrology.owl | 144 ++++----------- middle/perceptual.owl | 363 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- middle/siunits.owl | 7 - middle/units-extension.owl | 54 ------ 5 files changed, 380 insertions(+), 243 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index b4fa258a..3d029d62 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -46,29 +46,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - - - - - A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. - -See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. - physicalDimension - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -458,7 +425,6 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. @@ -502,7 +468,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 @@ -530,7 +495,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 @@ -543,7 +507,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -555,7 +518,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 @@ -568,7 +530,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 @@ -582,7 +543,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 @@ -596,7 +556,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity @@ -654,7 +613,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 @@ -697,7 +655,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 @@ -710,7 +667,6 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A pure number, typically the number of something. 1, i, @@ -730,7 +686,6 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -756,7 +711,6 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 @@ -768,7 +722,6 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. @@ -797,7 +750,6 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. @@ -828,7 +780,6 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 @@ -858,7 +809,6 @@ SI Brochure - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 @@ -871,7 +821,6 @@ SI Brochure - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 @@ -910,7 +859,6 @@ SI Brochure - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 @@ -935,7 +883,6 @@ SI Brochure - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 @@ -964,7 +911,6 @@ SI Brochure - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. refractive index, volume fraction, @@ -982,7 +928,6 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 270fd295..4f1273a6 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -177,6 +177,22 @@ ISO 80000-1 + + + + + + + + + + + + IdiomaticSymbol + + + + @@ -195,38 +211,6 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - - - - μ - - - - μ - GreekSmallLetterMu - - - - - - - - - - - A - - - - A - LatinCapitalLetterA - - - - @@ -249,22 +233,6 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - - - - µ - - - - µ - MicroUnit - - - - @@ -341,6 +309,16 @@ J stands for N m + + + + + + ItalianLetter + + + + @@ -381,6 +359,16 @@ barn + + + + + + EnglishLetter + + + + @@ -443,7 +431,7 @@ barn - A symbolic object used in metrology. + A language object used in metrology. Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application. -- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) @@ -495,22 +483,6 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - m - - - - m - LatinSmallLetterM - - - - @@ -658,22 +630,6 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - - - a - - - - a - LatinSmallLetterA - - - - @@ -691,32 +647,6 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - UTF8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U+0020 - - Space - - - - diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index 230457e5..da79ecf3 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -83,16 +83,26 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. fe780 emmo !5*a -cat +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) Symbolic + + + + + Java + + + + @@ -115,7 +125,7 @@ cat - A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. A music score is not a 'music' individual. A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. @@ -126,6 +136,17 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b + + + + + An idiomatic object following english language syntactic rules. + What's the weather? + English + + + + @@ -135,6 +156,24 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b + + + + + + + . + + + + + U+002E + . + FullStop + + + + @@ -148,6 +187,53 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + + + + + + μ + + + + + U+03BC + μ + GreekSmallLetterMu + + + + + + + + + + + A + + + + + + + U+0041 + A + LatinCapitalLetterA + + + + + + + + + ArabicNumeral + + + + @@ -157,6 +243,23 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + + + + + + µ + + + + U+00B5 + µ + MicroUnit + + + + @@ -175,6 +278,15 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + + + + Spacing + + + + @@ -184,21 +296,42 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a an idiom (e.g. english, italian). + Idiomatic + + + + - A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. + A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical + + + + + An idiomatic object following italian language syntactic rules. + Ciao mamma. + Italian + + + + - + @@ -211,7 +344,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). @@ -237,12 +370,12 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos - A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). - A line scratched on a surface. + A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). + A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical). - The meta-semiotic process: + The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Impression' class. This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world. The semiotic process within EMMO: @@ -269,6 +402,15 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + + + + C++ + + + + @@ -278,6 +420,15 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + + + + Numeral + + + + @@ -287,13 +438,23 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + Software + + + + - + @@ -303,6 +464,22 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + + + + + + + + + + + EnglishLetter + + + + @@ -344,6 +521,44 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe + + + + + Punctuation + + + + + + + + + + + m + + + + + + + U+006D + m + LatinSmallLetterM + + + + + + + + + Python + + + + @@ -371,18 +586,100 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + + + + Letter + + + + + + + + + + + K + + + + + + U+004B + K + LatinCapitalLetterK + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + + + + + U+0030 + 0 + DigitZero + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ItalianLetter + + + + - A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. - 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... + A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. + 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. Graphical + + + + + + + a + + + + + + + U+0061 + a + LatinSmallLetterA + + + + @@ -396,9 +693,35 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). Language + + + + + + + + UTF8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U+0020 + Space + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index d99a436f..433f2bb8 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ kg/m^3 - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -528,7 +527,6 @@ kg/m^3 - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation @@ -541,7 +539,6 @@ kg/m^3 - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -712,7 +709,6 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -807,7 +803,6 @@ kg/m^3 - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -1528,7 +1523,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1583,7 +1577,6 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 56e56925..d85144e4 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. @@ -133,7 +132,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction @@ -148,7 +146,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. @@ -161,7 +158,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 Force of gravity acting on a body. @@ -199,7 +195,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 Mass per volume. @@ -212,7 +207,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -225,7 +219,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . @@ -238,7 +231,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. @@ -251,7 +243,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 @@ -265,7 +256,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Heat @@ -289,7 +279,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -313,7 +302,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment @@ -347,7 +335,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. Vergence @@ -383,7 +370,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 @@ -468,7 +454,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Equivalent_dose A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. DoseEquivalent @@ -480,7 +465,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. @@ -493,7 +477,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 Product of mass and velocity. @@ -506,7 +489,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. @@ -526,7 +508,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 @@ -552,7 +533,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. @@ -566,7 +546,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. @@ -580,7 +559,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) Product of force and displacement. @@ -594,7 +572,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. @@ -691,7 +668,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. ElectricalImpedance @@ -703,7 +679,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 @@ -717,7 +692,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. @@ -730,7 +704,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 @@ -746,7 +719,6 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment 10-9.1 @@ -770,7 +742,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 Energy per unit change in amount of substance. @@ -784,7 +755,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 The rest mass of a proton. @@ -812,7 +782,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. ElectricalReactance @@ -824,7 +793,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 Extent of a surface. @@ -837,7 +805,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). @@ -851,7 +818,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. @@ -865,7 +831,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. @@ -916,7 +881,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 @@ -930,7 +894,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). @@ -944,7 +907,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 Mass per unit area. @@ -987,7 +949,6 @@ Wikipedia - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. @@ -1019,7 +980,6 @@ Wikipedia - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. @@ -1032,7 +992,6 @@ Wikipedia - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. CatalyticActivity @@ -1092,7 +1051,6 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. @@ -1107,7 +1065,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. @@ -1120,7 +1077,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -1161,7 +1117,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 @@ -1175,7 +1130,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 @@ -1189,7 +1143,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 @@ -1203,7 +1156,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -1215,7 +1167,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. @@ -1228,7 +1179,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 Electric field strength divided by the current density. @@ -1266,7 +1216,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 Derivative of velocity with respect to time. @@ -1279,7 +1228,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. @@ -1304,7 +1252,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. @@ -1317,7 +1264,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume Extent of an object in space. Volume From 177f4c7b614f6b19689b4e08acd318fdb193195b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Fri, 25 Sep 2020 21:10:35 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 103/141] Added en language in annotations --- catalog-v001.xml | 41 ++-- domain/commonmaterials.owl | 14 +- emmo-inferred.owl | 422 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- middle/holistic.owl | 22 +- middle/isq.owl | 68 +++--- middle/manufacturing.owl | 30 +-- middle/materials.owl | 167 +++++++-------- middle/math.owl | 52 ++--- middle/metrology.owl | 82 +++---- middle/models.owl | 32 +-- middle/perceptual.owl | 40 ++-- middle/physicalistic.owl | 48 ++--- middle/properties.owl | 28 +-- middle/reductionistic.owl | 25 ++- middle/semiotics.owl | 46 ++-- middle/siunits.owl | 34 +-- middle/units-extension.owl | 18 +- top/mereotopology.owl | 28 +-- top/physical.owl | 49 ++--- top/top.owl | 18 +- 20 files changed, 619 insertions(+), 645 deletions(-) diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml index b588f4fd..77d9df24 100644 --- a/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/catalog-v001.xml @@ -1,26 +1,25 @@ + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/domain/commonmaterials.owl b/domain/commonmaterials.owl index 63502312..e67bee15 100644 --- a/domain/commonmaterials.owl +++ b/domain/commonmaterials.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index ce5392d6..8db17e17 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - The relation between a process and an object participating to it. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it. Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. hasParticipant @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. + The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. mereotopological @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - The superclass of all relations used by the EMMO. + The superclass of all relations used by the EMMO. EMMORelation @@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. + A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. hasTemporalPart @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). hasSpatialPart @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. semiotical @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. + A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ. @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid - A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. + A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. @@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom - A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. + A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. @@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world ElectricInductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 Inductance @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 Power @@ -1543,7 +1543,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world Charge http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 ElectricCharge @@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities ISQBaseQuantity @@ -1868,7 +1868,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 Force @@ -2013,7 +2013,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -2338,7 +2338,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. Energy @@ -2829,7 +2829,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 MagneticFlux @@ -2982,7 +2982,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 DoseEquivalent @@ -3463,7 +3463,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world Voltage http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 ElectricPotential @@ -3935,7 +3935,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 Pressure @@ -4098,7 +4098,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -5172,7 +5172,7 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 @@ -5628,7 +5628,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance - The number of elementary entities present. + The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 AmountOfSubstance @@ -5914,7 +5914,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. + Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 Frequency @@ -6051,7 +6051,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Decays per unit time. + Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -6327,7 +6327,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - Strength of the magnetic field. + Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 Often denoted B. MagneticFluxDensity @@ -6467,7 +6467,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe ElectricCapacitance http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 Capacitance @@ -7033,7 +7033,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 ThermodynamicTemperature @@ -7571,7 +7571,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -7842,7 +7842,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current - A flow of electric charge. + A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 ElectricCurrent @@ -7978,7 +7978,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. + Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 Length @@ -8243,7 +8243,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Time - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 Time @@ -8498,7 +8498,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux - Perceived power of light. + Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 LuminousFlux @@ -8750,7 +8750,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 SolidAngle @@ -8876,7 +8876,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Resistance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. ElectricResistance @@ -9138,7 +9138,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 Mass @@ -9248,7 +9248,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. + Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities InternationalSystemOfQuantity https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 @@ -9615,7 +9615,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Conductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. ElectricConductance @@ -9650,8 +9650,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -9726,7 +9726,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. + A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. ElectronCloud @@ -9758,7 +9758,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. + A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. MaterialState https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 @@ -9786,7 +9786,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. StandaloneAtom @@ -9812,8 +9812,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H20, C6H12O6, CH4 + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H20, C6H12O6, CH4 An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. @@ -9845,7 +9845,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + A standalone atom that has no net charge. NeutralAtom @@ -9924,7 +9924,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. @@ -9952,8 +9952,8 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, Fluid @@ -9978,7 +9978,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. @@ -10031,7 +10031,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. Solid @@ -10054,7 +10054,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, IonAtom @@ -10114,7 +10114,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. @@ -10182,8 +10182,8 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 Inequality @@ -10274,8 +10274,8 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. - x + A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. + x k Variable @@ -10326,7 +10326,7 @@ k - A numerical data value. + A numerical data value. A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. @@ -10341,7 +10341,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). Numerical @@ -10420,7 +10420,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. Mathematical @@ -10556,7 +10556,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. + A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. Formula @@ -10592,7 +10592,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - 2+2 + 2+2 ArithmeticExpression @@ -10614,8 +10614,8 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 Constant @@ -10627,7 +10627,7 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. Parameter @@ -10737,8 +10737,8 @@ A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the ac - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y @@ -10834,7 +10834,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. Expression @@ -10846,8 +10846,8 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. Unknown @@ -10960,7 +10960,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. @@ -10994,7 +10994,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. DerivedUnit @@ -11303,8 +11303,8 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". UnitSymbol @@ -11485,8 +11485,8 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. SpecialUnit @@ -11594,7 +11594,7 @@ J stands for N m - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. MeasuredConstant @@ -11658,7 +11658,7 @@ J stands for N m - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. MetrologicalSymbol @@ -11670,8 +11670,8 @@ J stands for N m - A unit that does not belong to any system of units. - eV + A unit that does not belong to any system of units. + eV barn OffSystemUnit @@ -11741,9 +11741,9 @@ barn http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. UnitOne @@ -11936,7 +11936,7 @@ barn - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". DerivedQuantity @@ -11983,7 +11983,7 @@ barn - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. MetricPrefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix @@ -12017,7 +12017,7 @@ barn - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. NonPrefixedUnit @@ -12123,7 +12123,7 @@ barn - A symbolic object used in metrology. + A symbolic object used in metrology. This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological @@ -12168,7 +12168,7 @@ barn - A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. + A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, @@ -12487,7 +12487,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1 BaseQuantity @@ -12500,9 +12500,9 @@ ISO 80000-1 - A reference unit provided by a reference material. + A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l StandardUnit @@ -12518,7 +12518,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law. + A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law. The numerical quantity value of the 'MeasurementUnit' is conventionally 1 and does not appear. @@ -12732,9 +12732,9 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness + Hardness Resilience "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) @@ -12862,7 +12862,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. PrefixedUnit @@ -12874,8 +12874,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) ProcedureUnit @@ -13037,7 +13037,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. BaseUnit @@ -13283,8 +13283,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m + A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV @@ -13318,7 +13318,7 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. Experiment @@ -13424,7 +13424,7 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrodinger equation. @@ -13441,7 +13441,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -13529,7 +13529,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. ContinuumModel @@ -13616,7 +13616,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. MesoscopicModel @@ -13629,7 +13629,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. Theorization @@ -13716,8 +13716,8 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock. ElectronicModel @@ -13805,7 +13805,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. AtomisticModel @@ -13817,7 +13817,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. @@ -13844,7 +13844,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. + A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. @@ -13870,7 +13870,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. + A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. DataBasedModel @@ -13969,7 +13969,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. PhysicsBasedModel @@ -14075,8 +14075,8 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. @@ -14127,8 +14127,8 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 + An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 emmo !5*a cat @@ -14165,7 +14165,7 @@ cat - A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. A music score is not a 'music' individual. A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. @@ -14193,8 +14193,8 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. - A drawing of a cat. + A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. + A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa. Pictorial @@ -14252,7 +14252,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. + An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical @@ -14288,8 +14288,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). @@ -14318,12 +14318,12 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos - A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). - A line scratched on a surface. + A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). + A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical). - The meta-semiotic process: + The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Impression' class. This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world. The semiotic process within EMMO: @@ -14395,7 +14395,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. SymbolicComposition @@ -14453,8 +14453,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. @@ -14489,7 +14489,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. + A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by: @@ -14509,8 +14509,8 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. - 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... + A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. + 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. Graphical @@ -14534,7 +14534,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). Language @@ -14625,7 +14625,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. + The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. Massive @@ -14649,7 +14649,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. + A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. Vacuum @@ -14661,7 +14661,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. + A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). Material @@ -14687,7 +14687,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. + A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. Matter @@ -14712,7 +14712,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. + A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). @@ -14757,7 +14757,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. Quark @@ -14797,7 +14797,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. Gluon @@ -14837,7 +14837,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. Electron @@ -14857,7 +14857,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. + The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. Physicalistic @@ -14902,7 +14902,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. ElementaryParticle @@ -14949,7 +14949,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. + The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. Massless @@ -14987,7 +14987,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. @@ -15015,7 +15015,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observation @@ -15039,7 +15039,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observer @@ -15057,8 +15057,8 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. + A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing. The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. @@ -15078,7 +15078,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. + A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. ObjectiveProperty @@ -15099,7 +15099,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. Measurement @@ -15188,8 +15188,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. @@ -15234,13 +15234,13 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'. + A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'. (A property is always a partial representation of an 'Object' since it reflects the 'Object' capability to be part of a specific 'Observation' process) - Hardness is a subclass of properties. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer. + Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer. An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) @@ -15423,8 +15423,8 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. @@ -15517,7 +15517,7 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two - A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. + A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" ISO 80000-1 @@ -15563,7 +15563,7 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). + A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). Reductionistic @@ -15585,8 +15585,8 @@ Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granu - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. @@ -15632,7 +15632,7 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. @@ -16091,8 +16091,8 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. - m/s + A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. + m/s kg/m^3 This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -16188,7 +16188,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. AvogadroConstant @@ -16966,7 +16966,7 @@ kg/m^3 - The base units in the SI system. + The base units in the SI system. SIBaseUnit https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf @@ -17382,7 +17382,7 @@ kg/m^3 - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. LuminousEfficacy @@ -17450,7 +17450,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. ElementaryCharge @@ -17734,7 +17734,7 @@ kg/m^3 - A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. + A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -17981,7 +17981,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. + The quantum of action. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 PlanckConstant @@ -18301,7 +18301,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. + The speed of light in vacuum. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -18508,7 +18508,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD - Measure of plane angle. + Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. Radian @@ -19127,7 +19127,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR - Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. + Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 Steradian @@ -19177,7 +19177,7 @@ kg/m^3 - A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. + A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -19785,7 +19785,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. + The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units These units are SI coherent by definition. SISpecialUnit @@ -19863,7 +19863,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. SIExactConstant @@ -19937,7 +19937,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -19994,7 +19994,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. + The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. SIUnit @@ -20033,7 +20033,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant @@ -20047,7 +20047,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. @@ -20091,7 +20091,7 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - 2x+3 + 2x+3 An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) AlgebricExpression @@ -20152,8 +20152,8 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. @@ -20240,8 +20240,8 @@ y = f(x) - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) FunctionDefinition @@ -20266,7 +20266,7 @@ y = f(x) - The equals symbol. + The equals symbol. Equals @@ -20301,7 +20301,7 @@ y = f(x) - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 Polynomial @@ -20325,7 +20325,7 @@ y = f(x) - 2 * a - b = c + 2 * a - b = c An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s AlgebricEquation @@ -20362,7 +20362,7 @@ y = f(x) - 1 + 1 = 2 + 1 + 1 = 2 ArithmeticEquation @@ -20433,7 +20433,7 @@ y = f(x) - The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. + The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation. @@ -20462,8 +20462,8 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. - For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). + The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. + For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. @@ -20502,7 +20502,7 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. + The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items). @@ -20570,7 +20570,7 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n - The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. + The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. @@ -20603,7 +20603,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. + A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. From Latin vacuus, “empty”. Void @@ -20626,7 +20626,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). + A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived. @@ -20723,8 +20723,8 @@ e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) @@ -20745,7 +20745,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. Interpreter @@ -20755,7 +20755,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. Interpretant @@ -20765,8 +20765,8 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status. Index @@ -20777,7 +20777,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. Conventional @@ -20788,7 +20788,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - The object, in Peirce semiotics. + The object, in Peirce semiotics. Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. @@ -20812,8 +20812,8 @@ In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and th - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. @@ -20859,7 +20859,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). @@ -20879,8 +20879,8 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connect - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. Three subtypes of icon are possible: diff --git a/middle/holistic.owl b/middle/holistic.owl index 5ca54959..530b7b43 100644 --- a/middle/holistic.owl +++ b/middle/holistic.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The relation between a process and an object participating to it. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it. Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. hasParticipant @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid - A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. + A temporal part of a physical that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom - A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. + A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 3d029d62..bc959d99 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 ElectricInductance Inductance @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 Power @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 Charge ElectricCharge @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities ISQBaseQuantity @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 Force @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. Energy @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 MagneticFlux @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 DoseEquivalent @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 Voltage ElectricPotential @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 Pressure @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 @@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance - The number of elementary entities present. + The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 AmountOfSubstance @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. + Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 Frequency @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - Decays per unit time. + Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - Strength of the magnetic field. + Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 Often denoted B. MagneticFluxDensity @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 ElectricCapacitance Capacitance @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 ISQDimensionlessQuantity @@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 ThermodynamicTemperature @@ -667,8 +667,8 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom @@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current - A flow of electric charge. + A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 ElectricCurrent @@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. + Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. Length @@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". Time @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux - Perceived power of light. + Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 LuminousFlux @@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 SolidAngle @@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. Resistance @@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ SI Brochure http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 Mass @@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ SI Brochure - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 InternationalSystemOfQuantity @@ -911,8 +911,8 @@ SI Brochure - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). @@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. Conductance diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 927e3523..43ce9c7e 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" @@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. - Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. + A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. + Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. ContinuousManufacturing @@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. - Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. + A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. + Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. DiscreteManufacturing @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". Manufacturing diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 8c3d1a0e..a8c9df1f 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -81,11 +81,21 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + + + + - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. Gas @@ -99,7 +109,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. Dispersion @@ -115,7 +125,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. @@ -128,7 +138,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - A single phase mixture. + A single phase mixture. PhaseHomogeneousMixture @@ -144,7 +154,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. + A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. ElectronCloud @@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm NanoParticle @@ -164,7 +174,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. Foam @@ -174,7 +184,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, Solution @@ -185,8 +195,8 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. SolidSolidSuspension @@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. StandaloneAtom @@ -211,7 +221,7 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. Sol @@ -221,8 +231,8 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H20, C6H12O6, CH4 + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H20, C6H12O6, CH4 An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. @@ -240,7 +250,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. SolidLiquidSuspension @@ -251,7 +261,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. Gel @@ -262,8 +272,8 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. Emulsion @@ -273,8 +283,8 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water LiquidGasSuspension @@ -285,7 +295,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. LiquidSol @@ -294,7 +304,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + A standalone atom that has no net charge. NeutralAtom @@ -304,7 +314,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. LiquidLiquidSuspension @@ -314,7 +324,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. Spray @@ -334,7 +344,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. Suspensions show no significant effect on light. Suspension @@ -346,7 +356,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. LiquidSolution @@ -356,7 +366,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. Plasma @@ -366,7 +376,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. Vapor @@ -396,7 +406,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. Aerosol @@ -406,7 +416,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. Smoke @@ -417,7 +427,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. SolidSol @@ -428,7 +438,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. GasMixture @@ -438,7 +448,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. AcqueousSolution @@ -448,7 +458,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm NanoMaterial @@ -459,7 +469,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. SolidSolution @@ -470,7 +480,7 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. @@ -485,7 +495,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - A material that undergoes chemical changes. + A material that undergoes chemical changes. ReactiveMaterial @@ -495,7 +505,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. Colloid @@ -506,7 +516,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. Liquid @@ -516,7 +526,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. NaturalMaterial @@ -535,7 +545,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. @@ -550,8 +560,8 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, Fluid @@ -561,7 +571,7 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. @@ -586,7 +596,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. LiquidAerosol @@ -596,7 +606,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. SolidAerosol @@ -607,8 +617,8 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel SolidFoam @@ -618,7 +628,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. Solid @@ -634,7 +644,7 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter @@ -647,7 +657,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. SolidGasSuspension @@ -657,8 +667,8 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. GasSolidSuspension @@ -669,7 +679,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. LiquidFoam @@ -678,7 +688,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, IonAtom @@ -697,8 +707,8 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. GasLiquidSuspension @@ -708,7 +718,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. Dust @@ -718,8 +728,8 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud LiquidSolidSuspension @@ -741,7 +751,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. @@ -758,23 +768,12 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. Mixture - - - - - A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - - - - @@ -795,20 +794,18 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - - 2 + 1 2 - 1 + 2 - 1 - + 1 diff --git a/middle/math.owl b/middle/math.owl index ba3ba760..8971b759 100644 --- a/middle/math.owl +++ b/middle/math.owl @@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 Inequality @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - 2x+3 + 2x+3 An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) AlgebricExpression @@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. - x + A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. + x k Variable @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ k - A numerical data value. + A numerical data value. A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. @@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same conce - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. @@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ y = f(x) - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) FunctionDefinition @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ y = f(x) - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). Numerical @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ y = f(x) - The equals symbol. + The equals symbol. Equals @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ y = f(x) - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. Mathematical @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ y = f(x) - A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false. + A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false. MathematicalFormula @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ y = f(x) - 2+2 + 2+2 ArithmeticExpression @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ y = f(x) - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 Polynomial @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ y = f(x) - 2 * a - b = c + 2 * a - b = c An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s AlgebricEquation @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ y = f(x) - 1 + 1 = 2 + 1 + 1 = 2 ArithmeticEquation @@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ y = f(x) - A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 Constant @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ y = f(x) - viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. Parameter @@ -578,8 +578,8 @@ y = f(x) - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y @@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. Expression @@ -655,8 +655,8 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. Unknown diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 4f1273a6..436bbc59 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. DerivedUnit @@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". UnitSymbol @@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ SI Brochure - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. SpecialUnit @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ J stands for N m - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. MeasuredConstant @@ -303,28 +303,18 @@ J stands for N m - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. MetrologicalSymbol - - - - - - ItalianLetter - - - - - A unit that does not belong to any system of units. - eV + A unit that does not belong to any system of units. + eV barn OffSystemUnit @@ -342,9 +332,9 @@ barn http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. UnitOne @@ -353,26 +343,16 @@ barn - Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. + Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. MultipleUnit - - - - - - EnglishLetter - - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". DerivedQuantity @@ -384,7 +364,7 @@ barn - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix MetricPrefix @@ -412,7 +392,7 @@ barn - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. NonPrefixedUnit @@ -446,7 +426,7 @@ barn - A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. + A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, @@ -477,7 +457,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. + Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. SubMultipleUnit @@ -492,7 +472,7 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1 BaseQuantity @@ -503,9 +483,9 @@ ISO 80000-1 - A reference unit provided by a reference material. + A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l StandardUnit @@ -526,7 +506,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law. + A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law. The numerical quantity value of the 'MeasurementUnit' is conventionally 1 and does not appear. @@ -568,9 +548,9 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness + Hardness Resilience "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) @@ -613,7 +593,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. PrefixedUnit @@ -623,8 +603,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) ProcedureUnit @@ -633,7 +613,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. BaseUnit @@ -669,8 +649,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m + A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 15646eeb..9a0bbdcb 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. Experiment @@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrodinger equation. @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. ContinuumModel @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. MesoscopicModel @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. Theorization @@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock. ElectronicModel @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. AtomisticModel @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. + A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. + A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. DataBasedModel @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. PhysicsBasedModel @@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index da79ecf3..a8f593d0 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 + fe780 emmo !5*a cat @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b U+002E - . + . FullStop @@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. - A drawing of a cat. + A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. + A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa. Pictorial @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. U+03BC - μ + μ GreekSmallLetterMu @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. U+0041 - A + A LatinCapitalLetterA @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. U+00B5 - µ + µ MicroUnit @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a an idiom (e.g. english, italian). + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a an idiom (e.g. english, italian). Idiomatic @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). @@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + A language object respectin the syntactic rules of C++. C++ @@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. Software @@ -458,7 +459,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. SymbolicComposition @@ -502,8 +504,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. @@ -544,7 +546,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe U+006D - m + m LatinSmallLetterM @@ -572,7 +574,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. + A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by: @@ -608,7 +610,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, U+004B - K + K LatinCapitalLetterK @@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, U+0030 - 0 + 0 DigitZero @@ -674,7 +676,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, U+0061 - a + a LatinSmallLetterA @@ -719,7 +721,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - U+0020 + U+0020 Space diff --git a/middle/physicalistic.owl b/middle/physicalistic.owl index 50b20a8f..da20fe9b 100644 --- a/middle/physicalistic.owl +++ b/middle/physicalistic.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. Photon @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. + The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. Massive @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. + A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. Vacuum @@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A matter individual that stands for a real world object representing an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. Material @@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. + A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. Matter @@ -151,7 +153,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. + A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). @@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. Quark @@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. Gluon @@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. Electron @@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences. + The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences. Physicalistic @@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. ElementaryParticle @@ -239,23 +241,17 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. + The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. Massless - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index 074fae46..c10f172b 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ ISO 80000-1 "A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. + A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observation @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observer @@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie - A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. + A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing. The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. + A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. ObjectiveProperty @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. Measurement @@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. @@ -253,13 +253,13 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'. + A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'. (A property is always a partial representation of an 'Object' since it reflects the 'Object' capability to be part of a specific 'Observation' process) - Hardness is a subclass of properties. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer. + Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer. An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) @@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. diff --git a/middle/reductionistic.owl b/middle/reductionistic.owl index c4fda395..95b35827 100644 --- a/middle/reductionistic.owl +++ b/middle/reductionistic.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -119,9 +119,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). - -Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). + A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). + Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. Reductionistic @@ -136,8 +135,8 @@ Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granu - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. @@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. diff --git a/middle/semiotics.owl b/middle/semiotics.owl index 309deb89..a7025d72 100644 --- a/middle/semiotics.owl +++ b/middle/semiotics.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. semiotical @@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. Interpreter @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. Interpretant @@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status. Index @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. Conventional @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - The object, in Peirce semiotics. + The object, in Peirce semiotics. Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. @@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and th - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each &ap - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). @@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connect - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. Three subtypes of icon are possible: @@ -323,5 +323,5 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 433f2bb8..01ef0ad9 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. - m/s + A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. + m/s kg/m^3 This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. AvogadroConstant @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ kg/m^3 - The base units in the SI system. + The base units in the SI system. https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf SIBaseUnit @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ kg/m^3 - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. ElementaryCharge @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ kg/m^3 - A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. + A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. + The quantum of action. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 PlanckConstant @@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. + The speed of light in vacuum. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD - Measure of plane angle. + Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. Radian @@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR - Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. + Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 Steradian @@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ kg/m^3 - A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. + A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. + The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units These units are SI coherent by definition. SISpecialUnit @@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. SIExactConstant @@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. + The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). @@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index d85144e4..582cdba5 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. Probability @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 ElectricDipoleMoment @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. + The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units CGS is a variant of the metric system. CGSUnit @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. + Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. SIAcceptedSpecialUnit @@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. - Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment 10-9.1 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 @@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 MolarGasConstant @@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ Wikipedia http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. JosephsonConstant @@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. g - Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. + Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 Gram diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index a7c4ce08..50102f91 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. + The superclass for all EMMO mereotopological relations. Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. mereotopological @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The superclass of all relations used by the EMMO. + The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO. EMMORelation @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. + The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation. @@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. - For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). + The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. + For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. + The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items). @@ -332,5 +332,5 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n - + diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index b4733a16..947ab1a2 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. + A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. hasTemporalPart @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). hasSpatialPart @@ -107,17 +107,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -134,7 +123,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. + The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. @@ -156,8 +145,9 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. + A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. From Latin vacuus, “empty”. + The void concept is paramount for the representation of physical systems according to quantum theory. Void @@ -178,7 +168,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). + A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived. @@ -250,6 +240,17 @@ More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physica e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter. Physical + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/top/top.owl b/top/top.owl index 88e85da2..072461cb 100644 --- a/top/top.owl +++ b/top/top.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. + The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. Perspective From 381443fe7a55bfea9fc240ee2f3b9fea2378e7b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 23:40:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 104/141] fixed typo --- middle/models.owl | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/models.owl b/middle/models.owl index 15646eeb..b16c68f5 100644 --- a/middle/models.owl +++ b/middle/models.owl @@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrodinger equation. +The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation. PhysicsEquation From f6055a3083b96391e9605cd9a6658421ae0a555e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 01:04:45 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 105/141] Moved physical quantities, constants and dimensions to isq.owl Import matter from isq instead of units-extension --- middle/isq.owl | 1077 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ middle/siunits.owl | 108 ---- middle/units-extension.owl | 1009 +-------------------------------- 3 files changed, 1083 insertions(+), 1111 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index fc92a21c..d1accbb9 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) @@ -95,6 +96,42 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3‑10.1 + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Velocity + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + + + + @@ -109,6 +146,58 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + Mass per volume. + Density + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + AtomicNumber + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + + + + @@ -122,6 +211,45 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + + + + @@ -151,6 +279,50 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + AvogadroConstant + + + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + ElectricDipoleMoment + + + + @@ -172,6 +344,18 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + + + + @@ -185,6 +369,21 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + AtomicMass + + + + @@ -281,6 +480,81 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Position + PositionVector + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + PotentialEnergy + + + + @@ -340,6 +614,18 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + + + + @@ -424,6 +710,22 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge + http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + ElementaryCharge + + + + @@ -439,6 +741,48 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat + http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) + Product of force and displacement. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Work + + + + @@ -469,6 +813,19 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + + + + @@ -484,6 +841,21 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant + The quantum of action. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + PlanckConstant + + + + @@ -499,6 +871,61 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricalImpedance + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + CurrentDensity + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + + + + @@ -511,6 +938,46 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment + 10-9.1 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + MagneticDipoleMoment + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/InternalEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + + + + @@ -539,6 +1006,19 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + + + + @@ -551,6 +1031,20 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + + + + @@ -564,6 +1058,18 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricalReactance + + + + @@ -578,6 +1084,48 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + Extent of a surface. + Area + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light + The speed of light in vacuum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + + + + @@ -592,6 +1140,50 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + CentreOfMass + + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + + + + @@ -621,6 +1213,35 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + VolumeFraction + + + + + + + + + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Torque + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + Torque + + + + @@ -636,6 +1257,48 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/KineticEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + KineticEnergy + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain + Strain + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + MolarGasConstant + + + + @@ -651,6 +1314,19 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + + + + @@ -693,6 +1369,19 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + + + + @@ -706,6 +1395,19 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + + + + @@ -765,6 +1467,19 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + + + + @@ -779,6 +1494,21 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricalConductivity + + + + @@ -794,6 +1524,19 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + + + + @@ -809,6 +1552,22 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + + + + @@ -824,6 +1583,86 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricalResistivity + + + + @@ -837,6 +1676,32 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + + + + @@ -882,6 +1747,20 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + Resistance quantum. + VonKlitzingConstant + + + + @@ -897,6 +1776,19 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + ReciprocalLength + + + + @@ -919,6 +1811,28 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + + + + + + + + + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + + + + @@ -960,6 +1874,18 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + + + + @@ -993,16 +1919,167 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaDimension + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VolumeDimension + + + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VelocityDimension + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index d99a436f..8c442ff4 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -174,21 +174,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - AvogadroConstant - - - - @@ -524,34 +509,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - - - - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge - http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - ElementaryCharge - - - - @@ -708,20 +665,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - PlanckConstant - - - - @@ -803,20 +746,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - - - - @@ -1484,16 +1413,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - - - - @@ -1523,18 +1442,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - - - - @@ -1576,21 +1483,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures SIUnit - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - 1 diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index f52b01b9..3074462d 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) @@ -59,112 +58,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -190,55 +83,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - 3‑10.1 - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Velocity - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - - - - @@ -264,84 +108,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - Mass per volume. - Density - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - AtomicNumber - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - - - - @@ -354,19 +120,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - - - - @@ -378,37 +131,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - ElectricDipoleMoment - - - - - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticDipoleMomentDimension - - - - @@ -427,18 +149,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - - - - @@ -463,21 +173,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - AtomicMass - - - - @@ -533,81 +228,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - - - - T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaDimension - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Position - PositionVector - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - - - - @@ -615,7 +235,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - + SI coherent measurement unit for speed. @@ -625,21 +245,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - PotentialEnergy - - - - @@ -652,61 +257,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat - http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) - Product of force and displacement. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - Work - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - - - - @@ -791,211 +341,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricalImpedance - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - CurrentDensity - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - - - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment - 10-9.1 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - MagneticDipoleMoment - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/InternalEnergy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VolumeDimension - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricalReactance - - - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - Extent of a surface. - Area - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - CentreOfMass - - - - @@ -1014,7 +359,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - + SI coherent measurement unit for volume. @@ -1031,7 +376,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - + @@ -1048,105 +393,6 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - VolumeFraction - - - - - - - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Torque - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - Torque - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/KineticEnergy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - KineticEnergy - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain - Strain - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - MolarGasConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - - - - @@ -1154,7 +400,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - + SI coherent measurement unit for area. @@ -1194,19 +440,6 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - - - - @@ -1226,19 +459,6 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - - - - @@ -1294,19 +514,6 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). - - - - - - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - - - - @@ -1318,50 +525,6 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricalConductivity - - - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - - - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - - - - @@ -1369,7 +532,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1387,86 +550,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricalResistivity - - - - @@ -1492,32 +575,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - - - - @@ -1536,7 +593,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + Measurement unit for electric dipole moment. @@ -1545,45 +602,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - Resistance quantum. - VonKlitzingConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - ReciprocalLength - - - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - - - - @@ -1595,21 +613,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VelocityDimension - - - - From 1bfaf225f70d496195a44374edbc57c314ddc410 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 10:46:53 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 106/141] Moved a few additional quantities to isq Also added more specific hasReferenceUnit relations. --- middle/isq.owl | 120 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- middle/units-extension.owl | 120 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 180 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index d1accbb9..d7602a01 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -344,6 +344,21 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentDimension + + + + @@ -439,6 +454,21 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + + + + + + + + T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaDimension + + + + @@ -1058,6 +1088,21 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VolumeDimension + + + + @@ -1874,6 +1919,21 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VelocityDimension + + + + @@ -2020,66 +2080,6 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param - - - - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticDipoleMomentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VolumeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VelocityDimension - diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 3074462d..8d335534 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -58,6 +58,126 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + From 6f2c276109b6adebb9344ebe020d4b05bb475ca5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 13:21:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 107/141] Moved EngineeredMaterial from materials to manufacturing --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 17 ++++++++++------- middle/materials.owl | 31 +++++++++---------------------- 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 927e3523..bcff6db4 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" + @@ -156,6 +157,8 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 8c3d1a0e..04d0845e 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Emanuele Ghedini - University of Bologna, IT - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT Adham Hashibon - Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Emanuele Ghedini Georg Schmitz - Access, DE + Gerhard Goldbeck Jesper Friis - SINTEF, NO - EMMC ASBL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -759,22 +759,11 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - - - - - A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - - - - @@ -788,14 +777,13 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part Nucleus - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 1 - 2 @@ -808,7 +796,6 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 - From e66fcd54a8440f348c9da830eb1187635e0a8cf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 20:06:31 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 108/141] Revert "Moved EngineeredMaterial from materials to manufacturing" This reverts commit 6f2c276109b6adebb9344ebe020d4b05bb475ca5. --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 17 +++++++---------- middle/materials.owl | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index bcff6db4..927e3523 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Access, DE - Fraunhofer IWM, DE - Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) - SINTEF, NO + Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) Adham Hashibon - Emanuele Ghedini + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Georg Schmitz - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE Jesper Friis - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - @@ -157,8 +156,6 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/middle/materials.owl b/middle/materials.owl index 04d0845e..8c3d1a0e 100644 --- a/middle/materials.owl +++ b/middle/materials.owl @@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framew It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Access, DE - Fraunhofer IWM, DE - Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) - SINTEF, NO + Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna, IT + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) Adham Hashibon - Emanuele Ghedini + Fraunhofer IWM, DE Georg Schmitz - Gerhard Goldbeck + Access, DE Jesper Friis - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + SINTEF, NO EMMC ASBL + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode European Materials & Modelling Ontology Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck @@ -759,11 +759,22 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + + + + + A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + + + + @@ -777,13 +788,14 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part Nucleus - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 1 + 2 @@ -796,6 +808,7 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part 1 + From e3dcdc1ddea30235044eb7fae2cd139c7273e8bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Fri, 2 Oct 2020 20:19:43 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 109/141] Added a configuration file where we can add emmocheck exceptions until a new version of emmocheck is released that includes these exceptions by default. --- .github/emmocheck_conf.yml | 4 ++++ .github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml | 2 +- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 .github/emmocheck_conf.yml diff --git a/.github/emmocheck_conf.yml b/.github/emmocheck_conf.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7f3f537d --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/emmocheck_conf.yml @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Configurations used when running emmocheck from the ci_emmocheck workflow +test_namespace: + exceptions: + - manufacturing.EngineeredMaterial diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml index cf2d6d17..8f78503b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci_emmocheck.yml @@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ jobs: - name: Check EMMO run: | - emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported --skip=test_*_dimension emmo.owl + emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported --configfile=.github/emmocheck_conf.yml --skip=test_*_dimension emmo.owl From 2cf6ad1bc6d0f182678779dd6aa24de9307fe87f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 11:16:59 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 110/141] Updated and simplified scripts for deploying on GitHub Pages --- .github/.gitignore | 4 +- .github/README.md | 63 ++++++++++++++ .github/init_pages.sh | 48 ----------- .github/mkreleasetable.py | 90 -------------------- .github/pages-index.html.in | 48 +++++++++++ .github/scripts/fixinferred.sh | 67 +++++++++++++++ .github/scripts/init_pages.sh | 16 ++++ .github/scripts/makedoc.sh | 32 +++++++ .github/scripts/makeindex.sh | 54 ++++++++++++ .github/scripts/makeversions.sh | 73 ++++++++++++++++ .github/scripts/update_pages.sh | 61 +++++++++++++ .github/versions.txt | 6 ++ .github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml | 89 ------------------- .github/workflows/update_pages.yml | 55 ++++++++++++ 14 files changed, 476 insertions(+), 230 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .github/README.md delete mode 100755 .github/init_pages.sh delete mode 100755 .github/mkreleasetable.py create mode 100644 .github/pages-index.html.in create mode 100755 .github/scripts/fixinferred.sh create mode 100755 .github/scripts/init_pages.sh create mode 100755 .github/scripts/makedoc.sh create mode 100755 .github/scripts/makeindex.sh create mode 100755 .github/scripts/makeversions.sh create mode 100755 .github/scripts/update_pages.sh create mode 100644 .github/versions.txt delete mode 100644 .github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml create mode 100644 .github/workflows/update_pages.yml diff --git a/.github/.gitignore b/.github/.gitignore index cdbe724d..cc371a8b 100644 --- a/.github/.gitignore +++ b/.github/.gitignore @@ -1,6 +1,4 @@ -releases +pages tmp keys -pages -scripts old diff --git a/.github/README.md b/.github/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a7266d13 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +Files used for continous testing and releases on GitHub +======================================================= + +**Sub-directories** + - [workflows](workflows): YAML scripts defining GitHub Actions in response + to push requests. + - [scripts](scripts): Shell and puthon scripts for testing and creating + documentation + - [pages](pages): Local copy of + [GitHub Pages](git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git) + used for releasing documentation and inferred ontology. + Run `scripts/update_pages.sh` to create/update this local copy and push + to GitHub Pages. + - [tmp](tmp): Temporary directory used when generating documentation. + + +Scripts +------- +Scripts found in the [scripts](scripts) sub-directory: + + * update_pages.sh [-g -p -v] + + Main script that calls the other scripts to update GitHub Pages. + + Options: + -n Just update local copy of GitHub Pages, do not add and commit + changes. + -l Just work on local copy of GitHub Pages. Do not push changes. + -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. + + * init_pages.sh + + Clones GitHub Pages to .github/pages. + + * makeindex.sh + + Creates index.html file in local copy of GitHub Pages. + + * makeversions.sh [-r -v] + + Creates version sub-directories in local copy of GitHub Pages. + Calls makedoc.sh and fixinferred.sh. + + Options: + -r Recreate existing sub-directories and their content. + -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. + + * makedoc.sh inferred version outdir + + Generates EMMO documentation in html and pdf formats. + + Arguments: + - inferred: path to inferred ontology + - version: version to generate documentation for + - outdir: output directory + + * fixinferred.sh owlfile + + Fix inferred ontology modifying the target file in-place. + It is safe to run this script multiple times on the same file. + + Arguments: + - owlfile: Inferred ontology up fix. diff --git a/.github/init_pages.sh b/.github/init_pages.sh deleted file mode 100755 index c42e29a8..00000000 --- a/.github/init_pages.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh - -# Usage: init_pages.sh PAGES_DIR VERSION -# Initialise directory for given version on GitHub Pages. -# -# Arguments -# PAGES_DIR: git root directory for GitHub Pages -# VERSION: version number to initialise -# -# This script should be run from the checked out EMMO root directory. -# -set -e -set -x - -pagesdir="$1" -version="$2" - -versiondir="$pagesdir/versions/$version" -pagesurl=git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git - - -# Add directory for current version if it does not exists -if [ ! -d "$versiondir" ]; then - mkdir -p "$versiondir" -fi - -# Add/update README and LICENSE files -cp -f README.md LICENSE.md "$versiondir/." -cd "$versiondir" -git add README.md LICENSE.md -if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -uno)" ]; then - git commit -m 'Added README and LICENSE files' - git push -fi -cd - - -# Check for inferred ontology -if [ ! -f "$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" ]; then - echo "Missing inferred ontology for EMMO $version." - echo "Please do the following:" - echo " 1. Clone $pagesurl" - echo " 2. Open http://emmo.info/emmo/$version in Protege" - echo " 3. Save inferred ontology to in the cloned GitHub Pages repo as:" - echo " versions/$version/emmo-inferred.owl" - echo " 4. Add, commit and push inferred ontology to GitHub Pages" - echo "" - exit 1 -fi diff --git a/.github/mkreleasetable.py b/.github/mkreleasetable.py deleted file mode 100755 index e9bb3617..00000000 --- a/.github/mkreleasetable.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python3 -"""Generates a release table. -""" -import os -import argparse -from glob import glob -from distutils.version import LooseVersion - -import semver - - -emmo_base_url = 'http://emmo.info/emmo' -pages_base_url = ('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/' - 'emmo-repo.github.io/master') - -template = """\ - - - - - - - - - - - -{versions} -
VersionOntology IRIInferred ontology IRIHTML documentationPDF documentation
-""" - -def release_table(pages_dir, unstable_version=None): - """Returns generated release table.""" - entries = [] - versions = [os.path.basename(d) - for d in glob(os.path.join(pages_dir, 'versions', '*'))] - - for version in sorted(versions, - key=lambda v: semver.parse_version_info(v), - reverse=True): - lines = [] - name = 'unstable' if version == 'unstable_version' else version - emmo_url = '%s/%s' % (emmo_base_url, version) - pages_url = '%s/versions/%s' % (pages_base_url, version) - inferred_url = '%s/emmo-inferred.owl' % pages_url - html_url = '%s/emmo.html' % pages_url - pdf_url = '%s/emmo.pdf' % pages_url - lines.append(' ') - lines.append(' %s' % name) - lines.append(' %s' % ( - emmo_url, emmo_url)) - lines.append(' %s' % ( - inferred_url, emmo_url + '/emmo-inferred')) - lines.append(' %s' % ( - html_url, version)) - lines.append(' %s' % ( - pdf_url, version)) - lines.append(' ') - entries.append('\n'.join(lines)) - table = template.format(versions='\n'.join(entries)) - return table - - -def main(): - parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__) - parser.add_argument( - 'pages_dir', metavar='DIR', - help='Path to root directory to checkout out EMMO-repo GitHub Pages.') - parser.add_argument( - '--unstable-version', '-u', - help='Version to mark as unstable in the table.') - parser.add_argument( - '--output', '-o', - help='Write table to this file instead of standard output.') - args = parser.parse_args() - - table = release_table( - args.pages_dir, - unstable_version=args.unstable_version, - ) - - if args.output: - with open(args.output, 'wt') as f: - f.write(table) - else: - print(table) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - main() diff --git a/.github/pages-index.html.in b/.github/pages-index.html.in new file mode 100644 index 00000000..87d096d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/pages-index.html.in @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Europeean Materials & Modelling Ontology + + + +
+ +

The Europeean Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO)

+ +
+The European Materials Modelling Ontology (EMMO) is the result of a multidisciplinary effort within the EMMC, aimed at the development of a standard representational ontology framework based on current materials modelling and characterization knowledge. Instead of starting from general upper level concepts, as done by other ontologies, the EMMO development started from the very bottom level, using the actual picture of the physical world coming from applied sciences, and in particular from physics and material sciences. +

+The EMMO has grown from the bottom (i.e. scientific application field) to the top (i.e. conceptualization), staying focused on the original scope while at the same time maintaining an approach as general as possible. The ontological framework has been built around concepts like elementary particles, wave-particle dualism, finiteness of space and time intervals coming from the perspective for experimental physics. The development of the middle and upper layers of the ontology has been functional to the respect of these low level concepts, to facilitate the understanding of the high level concepts to users with limited or no philosophical background. + +

Links

+ + +

Releases

+ + + + + + + + +${versions} +
VersionOntology IRIInferred ontology IRIHTML documentationPDF documentation
+ + + + diff --git a/.github/scripts/fixinferred.sh b/.github/scripts/fixinferred.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8a77492f --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/scripts/fixinferred.sh @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: fixinferred.sh filename +# +# Fix inferred ontology modifying the target file in-place. +# It is safe to run this script multiple times on the same file. +set -e + +rootdir="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +ghdir="$rootdir/.github" +tmpfile="$ghdir/tmp/fixinferred.owl" + + + +filename=$1 +[ $# -ne 1 ] && echo "Usage: fixinferred.sh filename" && exit 1 + + +# Do nothing if filename is already fixed +grep -q "fixinferred.sh" "$filename" && exit 0 + + +# Create temporary file +mkdir -p $(dirname "$tmpfile") +sed -e 's|||p' "$filename" > "$tmpfile" +cat <> "$tmpfile" + + + +EOF + +# Add annotation superproperties +# The table below associates annotation property IRIs with their superproperties +while read iri superprop; do + [ -z "$iri" ] && continue + cat <> "$tmpfile" + + + + + +EOF +done <" >> "$tmpfile" + + +# Overwrite filename +cat "$tmpfile" > "$filename" diff --git a/.github/scripts/init_pages.sh b/.github/scripts/init_pages.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..9eccf6d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/scripts/init_pages.sh @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: init_pages.sh +# +# Check out github pages under .github/pages if the directory does not +# already exists. +set -e + +rootdir="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +pagesdir="$rootdir/.github/pages" +pagesurl=git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git + +if [ ! -d "$pagesdir" ]; then + set -x + git clone $pagesurl "$pagesdir" +fi diff --git a/.github/scripts/makedoc.sh b/.github/scripts/makedoc.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d898f714 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/scripts/makedoc.sh @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: makedoc.sh inferred version outdir +# +# Generates EMMO html and pdf documentation. +# +# Arguments: +# - inferred: path to inferred ontology +# - version: version to generate documentation for +# - outdir: output directory +set -e + +rootdir="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +scriptsdir="$rootdir/.github/scripts" + +inferred=$1 +version=$2 +outdir=$3 +[ $# -ne 3 ] && echo "Usage: makedoc.sh inferred version outdir" && exit 1 + +emmodir=$(python -c 'import os, emmo; print(os.path.dirname(emmo.__file__))') +[ -d "$emmodir/examples" ] && ex="$emmodir/examples" || \ + ex="$emmodir/../examples" +cd "$ex/emmodoc" + + +set -x +ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html -p variable=version:$version \ + "$inferred" "$outdir/emmo.html" + +ontodoc --template=emmo.md -p variable=version:$version \ + "$inferred" "$outdir/emmo.pdf" diff --git a/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh b/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..89ab78c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: makeindex.sh +# +# Parse $rootdir/.github/versions.txt and generate index.html file on +# github pages. +set -e + +# Configurations +pages_url="https://emmo-repo.github.io" +pages_versions_url="$pages_url/versions" +emmo_url="http://emmo.info/emmo" + +rootdir="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +ghdir="$rootdir/.github" +tmpdir="$ghdir/tmp" +pagesdir="$ghdir/pages" + +versionsfile="$ghdir/versions.txt" +tmpfile="$tmpdir/versions_html_table.txt" + + +# Initiate github pages +"$rootdir/.github/scripts/init_pages.sh" + + +# Parse versions.sh and save html table rows in tmpfile +tdlink() { + echo " $2" +} +rm -rf "$tmpfile" +while read version name; do + [ -z "$name" ] && name=$version + iri=$emmo_url/$version + inferred=$pages_url/versions/$version/emmo-inferred.owl + inferred_iri=$iri/emmo-inferred.owl + html=$pages_url/versions/$version/emmo.html + pdf=$pages_url/versions/$version/emmo.pdf + echo " " >> "$tmpfile" + echo " $name" >> "$tmpfile" + tdlink $iri $iri >> "$tmpfile" + tdlink $inferred $inferred_iri >> "$tmpfile" + tdlink $html $version >> "$tmpfile" + tdlink $pdf $version >> "$tmpfile" + echo " " >> "$tmpfile" +done < "$versionsfile" + + +# Generate index.html +d=$(date +%F) +sed -e "/\${versions}/ r $tmpfile" \ + -e 's/\${versions}//' \ + -e "s|\(|\1${d}\">|" \ + "$ghdir/pages-index.html.in" > "$pagesdir/index.html" diff --git a/.github/scripts/makeversions.sh b/.github/scripts/makeversions.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e62a609b --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/scripts/makeversions.sh @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: makeversions.sh [-r -v] +# +# Creates versions sub-directories in local copy of GitHub Pages. +# +# Options: +# -r Recreate existing sub-directories and their content. +# -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. +set -e + +rootdir="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +ghdir="$rootdir/.github" +pagesdir="$ghdir/pages" +scriptsdir="$ghdir/scripts" + +$scriptsdir/init_pages.sh + +# Parse options +recreate=false +verbose=false +while getopts "rv" arg; do + case $arg in + r) recreate=true;; + v) verbose=true;; + esac +done + +# If verbose, print commands as they are executed +if $verbose; then + set -x +fi + +# Initiate local GitHub Pages +"$scriptsdir/init_pages.sh" + + +# Parse versions.sh and save html table rows in tmpfile +while read version name; do + $verbose && echo + d="$pagesdir/versions/$version" + if $recreate || [ ! -d "$d" ]; then + mkdir -p "$d" + cd "$rootdir" + cp -f README.md LICENSE.md "$d/." + fi + + # Generate inferred ontology + if $recreate || [ ! -f "$d/emmo-inferred.owl" ]; then + # TODO: add tool for automatic generation of inferred ontology + echo "Missing inferred ontology: $d/emmo-inferred.owl" + echo "Please add this file and rerun this script." + exit 1 + fi + "$scriptsdir/fixinferred.sh" "$d/emmo-inferred.owl" + + # Generate documentation + if $recreate || [ ! -f "$d/emmo.html" ]; then + echo "Generate documentation" + "$scriptsdir/makedoc.sh" "$d/emmo-inferred.owl" $version "$d" + fi + + # Create symlinks + cd "$pagesdir" + if [ ! -z "$name" ]; then + rm -f $name + ln -sf versions/$version $name + fi +done < "$ghdir/versions.txt" + + +# Make sure that we exit with non-zero +exit 0 diff --git a/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh b/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c0319c0f --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +# Usage: update_pages.sh [-g -p -v] +# +# This is the main script that updates GitHub Pages. +# +# Options: +# -n Just update local copy of GitHub Pages, do not add and commit +# changes. +# -l Just work on local copy of GitHub Pages. Do not push changes. +# -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. +set -e + +rootdir="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +pagesdir="$rootdir/.github/pages" +scriptsdir="$rootdir/.github/scripts" + +# Parse options +noadd=false +local=false +verbose=false +while getopts "nlv" arg; do + case $arg in + n) noadd=true;; + l) local=true;; + v) verbose=true;; + esac +done + +# If verbose, print commands as they are executed +args="" +if $verbose; then + args="-v" + set -x +fi + + +# Initiate local GitHub Pages +"$scriptsdir/init_pages.sh" + + +# Make version sub-directories on GitHub Pages +"$scriptsdir/makeversions.sh" $args + + +# Create index.html on GitHub Pages +"$scriptsdir/makeindex.sh" + + +# Commit changes and push to GitHub Pages +if ! $noadd; then + echo + cd "$pagesdir" + git add --all + git commit -m 'Update github pages' + [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -uno)" ] && git commit -m 'Updated releasetable' && git push + + if ! $local; then + git push origin master + fi +fi diff --git a/.github/versions.txt b/.github/versions.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79c4079f --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/versions.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +1.0.0-alpha2 unstable +1.0.0-alpha latest +0.9.10 +0.9.10-beta +0.9.9 +0.9.9-beta diff --git a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml b/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 35d7a59b..00000000 --- a/.github/workflows/generate_documentation.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -name: Generate and copy EMMO documentation to GitHub Pages - -on: - push: - branches: - - '[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+' - - '[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+-*' - -jobs: - - build: - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - - name: Setup Python 3.7 - uses: actions/setup-python@v1 - with: - python-version: 3.7 - - - name: Setup git identity - run: | - git config --global user.email "emmo.github.action@github.com" - git config --global user.name "EMMO GitHub Action" - - - name: Checkout GitHub Pages for EMMO-repo - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - with: - repository: emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io - path: "pages" - ssh-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} - ssh-strict: no - - - name: Install EMMO-python - run: | - pip install --upgrade pip - pip install EMMO - - - name: Generate inferred ontology - run: | - echo "TODO" - - - name: Initialise GitHub pages for current version - run: | - ref=${{ github.ref }} - version=${ref##*/} - ./.github/init_pages.sh "$PWD/pages" "$version" - - - name: Install pandoc 2.1.2 - run: | - #sudo apt-get install pandoc # we need v2.1.2 - wget https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/releases/download/2.1.2/pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb - sudo apt-get install ./pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb - - - name: Install other dependencies - run: | - sudo apt-get install graphviz - sudo apt-get install texlive-xetex - sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-extra - pip install semver - - - name: Generate documentation - run: | - ref=${{ github.ref }} - version=${ref##*/} - versiondir="$PWD/pages/versions/$version" - inferred="$versiondir/emmo-inferred.owl" - prefix=$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)') - datadir="$prefix/share/EMMO-python" - cd "$datadir/examples/emmodoc" - ontodoc --template=emmo.md --format=html -p variable=version:$version "$inferred" emmo.html - ontodoc --template=emmo.md -p variable=version:$version "$inferred" emmo.pdf - mv emmo.html emmo.pdf "$versiondir" - cd "$versiondir" - git add emmo.html emmo.pdf - git commit -m 'Added emmo.html and emmo.pdf' - git push - cd - - - - name: Update release table for README file - run: | - ref=${{ github.ref }} - version=${ref##*/} - python ./.github/mkreleasetable.py $PWD/pages --unstable-version=$version --output=$PWD/pages/html/releasetable.html - cd $PWD/pages - git add html/releasetable.html - [ -n "$(git status --porcelain -uno)" ] && git commit -m 'Updated releasetable' && git push - cd - diff --git a/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml b/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..726695c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +name: Update GitHub Pages with generated documentation and inferred ontology + +on: + push: + branches: + - '[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+' + - '[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+-*' + +jobs: + + build: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + + - name: Setup git identity + run: | + git config --global user.email "emmo.github.action@github.com" + git config --global user.name "EMMO GitHub Action" + + - name: Setup Python 3.7 + uses: actions/setup-python@v1 + with: + python-version: 3.7 + + - name: Install EMMO-python + run: | + pip install --upgrade pip + pip install EMMO + + - name: Install pandoc 2.1.2 + run: | + #sudo apt-get install pandoc # we need v2.1.2 + wget https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/releases/download/2.1.2/pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb + sudo apt-get install ./pandoc-2.1.2-1-amd64.deb + + - name: Install other dependencies + run: | + sudo apt-get install graphviz + sudo apt-get install texlive-xetex + sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-extra + pip install semver + + - name: Checkout GitHub Pages for EMMO-repo + uses: actions/checkout@v2 + with: + repository: emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io + path: ".github/pages" + ssh-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} + ssh-strict: no + + - name: Update GitHub Pages + run: | + .github/pages/scripts/update_pages.sh From 71baaca478bb3b72be21723730fda70fc049e253 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 11:46:22 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 111/141] Added icon to index.html --- .github/pages-index.html.in | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/.github/pages-index.html.in b/.github/pages-index.html.in index 87d096d4..c0337263 100644 --- a/.github/pages-index.html.in +++ b/.github/pages-index.html.in @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ + Europeean Materials & Modelling Ontology From 4dbd31e8960649ae5360b043bf4c2fdfe489fb02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 12:02:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 112/141] Merged 1.0.0-alpha2 to fix-deploy-to-github-pages --- top/annotations.owl | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index be290f5b..d7ac4ab1 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - @@ -253,7 +252,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - @@ -262,7 +260,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - From 3f7338602fb52b2987a8b35034e0074f51cea228 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 12:11:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 113/141] Removed PlainLiteral annotation on SKOS prefLabel, altLabel and hiddenLabel --- top/annotations.owl | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index be290f5b..d7ac4ab1 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - @@ -253,7 +252,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - @@ -262,7 +260,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - From 28bf08c7f2bb0be94e653fc9bef8da188cabbed5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 12:38:21 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 114/141] Updated .github/README.md --- .github/README.md | 89 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/README.md b/.github/README.md index a7266d13..200cc256 100644 --- a/.github/README.md +++ b/.github/README.md @@ -1,63 +1,92 @@ Files used for continous testing and releases on GitHub ======================================================= +For check EMMO locally before a commit, you should install [EMMO-python][EMMO-python] +and run emmocheck from the root of the repository: + + emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported --configfile=.github/emmocheck_conf.yml emmo.owl + +To test generation of documentation and inferred ontology locally, install +[EMMO-python][EMMO-python] and its dependencies and run + + .github/scripts/update_pages.sh -n + +Remove the -n option if you also want to push possible changes to +GitHub Pages. + **Sub-directories** - [workflows](workflows): YAML scripts defining GitHub Actions in response to push requests. - [scripts](scripts): Shell and puthon scripts for testing and creating documentation - - [pages](pages): Local copy of + - pages: Local copy of [GitHub Pages](git@github.com:emmo-repo/emmo-repo.github.io.git) used for releasing documentation and inferred ontology. Run `scripts/update_pages.sh` to create/update this local copy and push to GitHub Pages. - - [tmp](tmp): Temporary directory used when generating documentation. + - tmp: Temporary directory used when generating documentation. + - README.md: This file. + + - [emmocheck_conf.yml](emmocheck_conf.yml): emmocheck configurations. + Example use when running emmocheck from the root directory: + + emmocheck --local --verbose --check-imported --configfile=.github/emmocheck_conf.yml emmo.owl + + - [versions.txt](versions.txt): List of versions that should be deployed to GitHub Pages. + + The format is simple - each line starts with a version + number. Optionally it may be followed by label indicating the + status. Use either "unstable" or "latest" or leave it out as + default. Scripts ------- Scripts found in the [scripts](scripts) sub-directory: - * update_pages.sh [-g -p -v] +### update_pages.sh [-gpv] + +Main script that calls the other scripts to update GitHub Pages. + +Options: + - -n: Just update local copy of GitHub Pages, do not add and commit changes. + - -l: Just work on local copy of GitHub Pages. Do not push changes. + - -v: Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. + +### init_pages.sh - Main script that calls the other scripts to update GitHub Pages. +Clones GitHub Pages to .github/pages. - Options: - -n Just update local copy of GitHub Pages, do not add and commit - changes. - -l Just work on local copy of GitHub Pages. Do not push changes. - -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. +### makeindex.sh - * init_pages.sh +Creates index.html file in local copy of GitHub Pages. - Clones GitHub Pages to .github/pages. +### makeversions.sh [-rv] - * makeindex.sh +Creates version sub-directories in local copy of GitHub Pages. +Calls makedoc.sh and fixinferred.sh. - Creates index.html file in local copy of GitHub Pages. +Options: + - -r Recreate existing sub-directories and their content. + - -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. - * makeversions.sh [-r -v] +### makedoc.sh - Creates version sub-directories in local copy of GitHub Pages. - Calls makedoc.sh and fixinferred.sh. +Generates EMMO documentation in html and pdf formats. - Options: - -r Recreate existing sub-directories and their content. - -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. +Arguments: + - : path to inferred ontology + - : version to generate documentation for + - : output directory - * makedoc.sh inferred version outdir +### fixinferred.sh - Generates EMMO documentation in html and pdf formats. +Fix inferred ontology modifying the target file in-place. +It is safe to run this script multiple times on the same file. - Arguments: - - inferred: path to inferred ontology - - version: version to generate documentation for - - outdir: output directory +Arguments: + - : Inferred ontology up fix. - * fixinferred.sh owlfile - Fix inferred ontology modifying the target file in-place. - It is safe to run this script multiple times on the same file. - Arguments: - - owlfile: Inferred ontology up fix. +[EMMO-python]: https://github.com/emmo-repo/EMMO-python From 18cec1239430e836df17da1c0e131dc18e4bf904 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 12:43:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 115/141] Updated documentation and fixed typo --- .github/README.md | 5 +++-- .github/scripts/update_pages.sh | 2 +- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/README.md b/.github/README.md index 200cc256..301c6e98 100644 --- a/.github/README.md +++ b/.github/README.md @@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ Remove the -n option if you also want to push possible changes to GitHub Pages. -**Sub-directories** +Directory content +----------------- - [workflows](workflows): YAML scripts defining GitHub Actions in response to push requests. - [scripts](scripts): Shell and puthon scripts for testing and creating @@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ Scripts ------- Scripts found in the [scripts](scripts) sub-directory: -### update_pages.sh [-gpv] +### update_pages.sh [-glv] Main script that calls the other scripts to update GitHub Pages. diff --git a/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh b/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh index c0319c0f..656fcf0e 100755 --- a/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh +++ b/.github/scripts/update_pages.sh @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ #!/bin/sh -# Usage: update_pages.sh [-g -p -v] +# Usage: update_pages.sh [-g -l -v] # # This is the main script that updates GitHub Pages. # From b963e8e7f900f631a55a4589994ac0ccb612d1f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 12:45:22 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 116/141] Fixed markdown formatting --- .github/README.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/README.md b/.github/README.md index 301c6e98..f74d3cbf 100644 --- a/.github/README.md +++ b/.github/README.md @@ -71,22 +71,22 @@ Options: - -r Recreate existing sub-directories and their content. - -v Verbose. Print commands as they are executed. -### makedoc.sh +### makedoc.sh inferred version outdir Generates EMMO documentation in html and pdf formats. Arguments: - - : path to inferred ontology - - : version to generate documentation for - - : output directory + - inferred: path to inferred ontology + - version: version to generate documentation for + - outdir: output directory -### fixinferred.sh +### fixinferred.sh owlfile Fix inferred ontology modifying the target file in-place. It is safe to run this script multiple times on the same file. Arguments: - - : Inferred ontology up fix. + - owlfile: Inferred ontology up fix. From 4cbe4b47e9ee9f1bf84db3d1bedc2bbf2536d5cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 12:55:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 117/141] Cleaned up inclusion of date in index.html --- .github/pages-index.html.in | 4 ++-- .github/scripts/makeindex.sh | 3 +-- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/pages-index.html.in b/.github/pages-index.html.in index c0337263..f856b438 100644 --- a/.github/pages-index.html.in +++ b/.github/pages-index.html.in @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ + - - + Europeean Materials & Modelling Ontology diff --git a/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh b/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh index 89ab78c8..6ffcbb12 100755 --- a/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh +++ b/.github/scripts/makeindex.sh @@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ done < "$versionsfile" # Generate index.html -d=$(date +%F) sed -e "/\${versions}/ r $tmpfile" \ -e 's/\${versions}//' \ - -e "s|\(|\1${d}\">|" \ + -e "s|\${date}|$(date +%F)|" \ "$ghdir/pages-index.html.in" > "$pagesdir/index.html" From d0a2ce9b34830f6fb0fb0167e51a7bfdd2f67ecc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 14:10:38 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 118/141] Added missing physical dimensions --- middle/isq.owl | 2 ++ middle/units-extension.owl | 20 +++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index d7602a01..b0e659ad 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -1276,6 +1276,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. @@ -1517,6 +1518,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 The charge of an electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 The negative of ElementaryCharge. diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index a66037a4..974aeefc 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -255,6 +255,12 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + @@ -409,6 +415,12 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + + + @@ -564,6 +576,12 @@ Wikipedia + + + + + + @@ -783,5 +801,5 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). - + From 60cbea1670e94262f2a61d8e060cd0d668efce22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 16:18:05 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 119/141] Updated labels of sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso 'Match' is used for resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology. 'Entry' is used for resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject. 'Ref' is used for non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject. Also made rdfs:isDefinedBy a sub-property of rdfs:seeAlso, which is how it is defined in the RDF Schema. --- top/annotations.owl | 22 ++++++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index d7ac4ab1..3601406a 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtMatch + qudtEntry @@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. + http://www.electropedia.org/ IECEntry @@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - dbpediaMatch + dbpediaEntry @@ -121,8 +122,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - 3‑1.1 (refers to length) - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3‑1.1 (refers to length) + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en ISO80000Entry @@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacDoi + iupacEntry @@ -240,6 +242,14 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + @@ -265,5 +275,5 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + From 1d6adc02be72f0c60f12f7623fc709c5ca4cb9c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 16:57:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 120/141] Added a comment about naming convension applied in EMMO to rdfs:seeAlso. Also made ISO80000Ref and IECEntry sub-properties of refs:isDefinedBy. --- top/annotations.owl | 18 +++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index 3601406a..d1366235 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. http://www.electropedia.org/ IECEntry - + @@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it 3‑1.1 (refers to length) Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Entry - + ISO80000Ref + @@ -250,6 +250,18 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: + - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology + - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject + - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject + Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. + + + + From d9f77049a5e91e3fb7f4dfe1db5d6c6c3c99ccfe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2020 17:07:57 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 121/141] Added the two missing restrictions mentioned in issue #91 --- middle/properties.owl | 6 ++++++ middle/siunits.owl | 1 + 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+) diff --git a/middle/properties.owl b/middle/properties.owl index 074fae46..ee4cf954 100644 --- a/middle/properties.owl +++ b/middle/properties.owl @@ -185,6 +185,12 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 8c442ff4..bef82c06 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. m/s kg/m^3 From 89193f5369c5bf86368e6e65f3d299d9225c604e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 11:05:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 122/141] fixed link to top.owl in Readme Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3ef5b5b0..189ba4ba 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The EMMO ontology is structured in shells, expressed by specific ontology fragme ### Top Level -The [EMMO top level](top.owl) is the group of fundamental axioms that constitute the philosophical foundation of the EMMO. Adopting a physicalistic/nominalistic perspective, the EMMO defines real world objects as 4D objects that are always extended in space and time (i.e. real world objects cannot be spaceless nor timeless). For this reason abstract objects, i.e. objects that does not extend in space and time, are forbidden in the EMMO. +The [EMMO top level](top/top.owl) is the group of fundamental axioms that constitute the philosophical foundation of the EMMO. Adopting a physicalistic/nominalistic perspective, the EMMO defines real world objects as 4D objects that are always extended in space and time (i.e. real world objects cannot be spaceless nor timeless). For this reason abstract objects, i.e. objects that does not extend in space and time, are forbidden in the EMMO. EMMO is strongly based on the analytical philosophy dicipline semiotic. The role of abstract objects are in EMMO fulfilled by semiotic objects, i.e. real world objects (e.g. symbol or sign) that stand for other real world objects that are to be interpreted by an agent. These symbols appear in actions (semiotic processes) meant to communicate meaning by establishing relationships between symbols (signs). From 7350bf05975e995fda3d9f9a3279a172f8455c6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 11:13:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 123/141] Fixed link to middle/semiotics.owl and typo --- README.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 189ba4ba..25719136 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The *Perceptual* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects The *Physicalistic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the under applied physics perspective. -The [semiotics](top/semiotics.owl) module introduces the concepts of semiotics and the *Semiosis* process that has a *Sign*, an *Object* and an *Interpreter* as participants. This forms the basis in EMMO to represent e.g. models, formal languages, theories, information and properties. +The [semiotics](midlle/semiotics.owl) module introduces the concepts of semiotics and the *Semiosis* process that has a *Sign*, an *Object* and an *Interpreter* as participants. This forms the basis in EMMO to represent e.g. models, formal languages, theories, information and properties. ![Figure 3. The semiotic level.](doc/semiotics.png) @@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ Imposing all relations to fall under mereotopology or semiotics is how the EMMO ## Repository Description -You can find the EMMO ontology at [http://emmo.info/emmo](http://emmo.info/emmo). The basic structure of the EMMO is collected by the [top](top.owl) ontology. +You can find the EMMO ontology at [http://emmo.info/emmo](http://emmo.info/emmo). The basic structure of the EMMO is collected by the [top](top/top.owl) ontology. -The overall middle level ontoloiges are collected by the [emmo](emmo.owl) ontology. +The overall middle level ontologies are collected by the [emmo](emmo.owl) ontology. The OWL2-DL sources are available in RDF/XML format. From bc0416396676b2ee6c76ca411c5c134e0908da90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Francesca=20L=C3=B8nstad=20Bleken?= Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 11:15:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 124/141] fixed typo --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 25719136..bc3e528d 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The *Perceptual* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects The *Physicalistic* perspective class introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the under applied physics perspective. -The [semiotics](midlle/semiotics.owl) module introduces the concepts of semiotics and the *Semiosis* process that has a *Sign*, an *Object* and an *Interpreter* as participants. This forms the basis in EMMO to represent e.g. models, formal languages, theories, information and properties. +The [semiotics](middle/semiotics.owl) module introduces the concepts of semiotics and the *Semiosis* process that has a *Sign*, an *Object* and an *Interpreter* as participants. This forms the basis in EMMO to represent e.g. models, formal languages, theories, information and properties. ![Figure 3. The semiotic level.](doc/semiotics.png) From 69fa16369b866aeadd7f2102867c8a1a092f85b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 13:25:25 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 125/141] IMPORTANT Top Level Issue Item was declared under physical module. --- emmo-inferred.owl | 36 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ top/mereotopology.owl | 10 +++++----- top/physical.owl | 16 ++++++++-------- 3 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index ce5392d6..545aa758 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - + hasMember @@ -487,8 +487,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -500,8 +500,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. hasTemporalPart @@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisatio - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). hasSpatialPart @@ -20416,11 +20416,11 @@ y = f(x) - + - + @@ -20453,7 +20453,7 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - + @@ -20500,7 +20500,7 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - + The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). @@ -20528,9 +20528,9 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - + - + @@ -20586,7 +20586,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - + @@ -20613,7 +20613,7 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w - + @@ -20917,7 +20917,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + @@ -20942,7 +20942,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + @@ -20962,7 +20962,7 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic - + diff --git a/top/mereotopology.owl b/top/mereotopology.owl index a7c4ce08..27e36a33 100644 --- a/top/mereotopology.owl +++ b/top/mereotopology.owl @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + hasMember @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - + The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). @@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 - + - + A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index b4733a16..139cbb86 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. hasSpatioTemporalPart @@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - + + A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. hasTemporalPart @@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - + + A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). hasSpatialPart @@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + - + From 2291573c7201aa0ca2fc35bc11ce9bc714f9be10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 15:02:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 126/141] Added commonperceptual Classes that expand the perceptual domain are included here --- domain/commonperceptual.owl | 324 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ middle/perceptual.owl | 14 +- 2 files changed, 326 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) create mode 100644 domain/commonperceptual.owl diff --git a/domain/commonperceptual.owl b/domain/commonperceptual.owl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6a144820 --- /dev/null +++ b/domain/commonperceptual.owl @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ + + + + + + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + +EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). + Access, DE + Fraunhofer IWM, DE + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + SINTEF, NO + University of Bologna, IT + Adham Hashibon + Emanuele Ghedini + Georg Schmitz + Gerhard Goldbeck + Jesper Friis + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + EMMC ASBL + European Materials & Modelling Ontology + Contacts: +Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + +Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). + 1.0.0-alpha2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. + A music score is not a 'music' individual. + +A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. + +The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. + Music + + + + + + + + + An idiomatic object following english language syntactic rules. + What's the weather? + English + + + + + + + + + + + . + + + + + U+002E + . + FullStop + + + + + + + + + + + μ + + + + + U+03BC + μ + GreekSmallLetterMu + + + + + + + + + + + A + + + + + + + U+0041 + A + LatinCapitalLetterA + + + + + + + + + ArabicNumeral + + + + + + + + + + + µ + + + + U+00B5 + µ + MicroUnit + + + + + + + + + An idiomatic object following italian language syntactic rules. + Ciao mamma. + Italian + + + + + + + + + Speech + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EnglishLetter + + + + + + + + + Noise + + + + + + + + + + + m + + + + + + + U+006D + m + LatinSmallLetterM + + + + + + + + + + + K + + + + + + U+004B + K + LatinCapitalLetterK + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + + + + + U+0030 + 0 + DigitZero + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ItalianLetter + + + + + + + + + + + a + + + + + + + U+0061 + a + LatinSmallLetterA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U+0020 + Space + + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index a8f593d0..b74ccaf4 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -138,12 +138,7 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - - - An idiomatic object following english language syntactic rules. - What's the weather? - English - + @@ -319,12 +314,7 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - - An idiomatic object following italian language syntactic rules. - Ciao mamma. - Italian - + From c796f3241118b093910fe969bb25fefa0195d0ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 15:08:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 127/141] Changed IRI of commonperceptual entities --- domain/commonperceptual.owl | 88 +++---- middle/perceptual.owl | 466 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ 2 files changed, 277 insertions(+), 277 deletions(-) diff --git a/domain/commonperceptual.owl b/domain/commonperceptual.owl index 6a144820..85d86219 100644 --- a/domain/commonperceptual.owl +++ b/domain/commonperceptual.owl @@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + - + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. A music score is not a 'music' individual. @@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + An idiomatic object following english language syntactic rules. What's the weather? @@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + @@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + @@ -118,17 +118,17 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + A - - + + U+0041 @@ -138,18 +138,18 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + ArabicNumeral - + - + @@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + An idiomatic object following italian language syntactic rules. Ciao mamma. @@ -175,22 +175,22 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + Speech - + - + - + @@ -200,26 +200,26 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + Noise - + - + m - - + + U+006D @@ -229,16 +229,16 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + K - + U+004B @@ -248,16 +248,16 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + 0 - + U+0030 0 @@ -266,13 +266,13 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + - + @@ -282,17 +282,17 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + a - - + + U+0061 @@ -302,9 +302,9 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b - + - + diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index b74ccaf4..281ca386 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -79,178 +79,328 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + - - - An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - Symbolic + + + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. + A music score is not a 'music' individual. + +A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. + +The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. + Music - + - - - Java + + + + + + + + + + + . + + + + + U+002E + . + FullStop - + - - - 0-manifold + + + + + μ + + + + + U+03BC + μ + GreekSmallLetterMu - + - - - 1-manifold + + + + + A + + + + + + + U+0041 + A + LatinCapitalLetterA - + - - - A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. - A music score is not a 'music' individual. + + + ArabicNumeral + + -A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. -The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. - Music + + + + + + + µ + + + + U+00B5 + µ + MicroUnit - + - + - + - - - Curve + + + Speech - + - + - - - . - + + + + + + - - - U+002E - . - FullStop + EnglishLetter - + - - - A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. - A drawing of a cat. -A circle on a paper sheet. -The Mona Lisa. - Pictorial + + + Noise - + - + - μ + m + + - U+03BC - μ - GreekSmallLetterMu + U+006D + m + LatinSmallLetterM - + - + - A + K - - + - U+0041 - A - LatinCapitalLetterA + U+004B + K + LatinCapitalLetterK - + - - - ArabicNumeral + + + + + 0 + + + + + U+0030 + 0 + DigitZero - + - - - Plane + + + + + + + + + + ItalianLetter - + - + - µ + a + + + - U+00B5 - µ - MicroUnit + U+0061 + a + LatinSmallLetterA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U+0020 + Space + + + + + + + + + An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + Symbolic + + + + + + + + + Java + + + + + + + + + 0-manifold + + + + + + + + + 1-manifold + + + + + + + + + Curve + + + + + + + + + A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. + A drawing of a cat. +A circle on a paper sheet. +The Mona Lisa. + Pictorial + + + + + + + + + Plane @@ -312,12 +462,6 @@ The Mona Lisa. - - - - - - @@ -402,15 +546,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - - - - Speech - - - - @@ -456,31 +591,6 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche - - - - - - - - - - - - EnglishLetter - - - - - - - - - Noise - - - - @@ -522,26 +632,6 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - - - - - - - m - - - - - - - U+006D - m - LatinSmallLetterM - - - - @@ -587,59 +677,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - - - - - K - - - - - - U+004B - K - LatinCapitalLetterK - - - - - - - - - - - 0 - - - - - U+0030 - 0 - DigitZero - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ItalianLetter - - - - @@ -652,26 +689,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - - - - - a - - - - - - - U+0061 - a - LatinSmallLetterA - - - - @@ -697,23 +714,6 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, UTF8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U+0020 - Space - From ba234c6b2fcb69634d2a50a70442167963df1948 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Thu, 8 Oct 2020 22:01:22 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 128/141] Moved axioms from perceptual to commonperceptual --- domain/commonperceptual.owl | 239 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ middle/perceptual.owl | 247 +----------------------------------- 2 files changed, 240 insertions(+), 246 deletions(-) diff --git a/domain/commonperceptual.owl b/domain/commonperceptual.owl index 85d86219..364927cf 100644 --- a/domain/commonperceptual.owl +++ b/domain/commonperceptual.owl @@ -65,6 +65,19 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. +The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. + Music + + + + + + + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. + A music score is not a 'music' individual. + +A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. + The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. Music @@ -80,8 +93,234 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b English + + + + + + + μ + + + + + U+03BC + μ + GreekSmallLetterMu + + + + + + + + + + + A + + + + + + + U+0041 + A + LatinCapitalLetterA + + + + + + + ArabicNumeral + + + + + + + + + + + µ + + + + U+00B5 + µ + MicroUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Speech + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EnglishLetter + + + + + + + + + Noise + + + + + + + + + + + m + + + + + + + U+006D + m + LatinSmallLetterM + + + + + + + + + + + K + + + + + + U+004B + K + LatinCapitalLetterK + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + + + + + U+0030 + 0 + DigitZero + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ItalianLetter + + + + + + + + + + + a + + + + + + + U+0061 + a + LatinSmallLetterA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U+0020 + Space + + + + + + + + + . + + + + + U+002E + . + FullStop + + diff --git a/middle/perceptual.owl b/middle/perceptual.owl index 281ca386..0673bcb7 100644 --- a/middle/perceptual.owl +++ b/middle/perceptual.owl @@ -79,257 +79,12 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. - A music score is not a 'music' individual. -A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. - -The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. - Music - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - U+002E - . - FullStop - - - - - - - - - - - μ - - - - - U+03BC - μ - GreekSmallLetterMu - - - - - - - - - - - A - - - - - - - U+0041 - A - LatinCapitalLetterA - - - - - - - - - ArabicNumeral - - - - - - - - - - - µ - - - - U+00B5 - µ - MicroUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Speech - - - - - - - - - - - - - EnglishLetter - - - - - - - - - Noise - - - - - - - - - - - m - - - - - - - U+006D - m - LatinSmallLetterM - - - - - - - - - - - K - - - - - - U+004B - K - LatinCapitalLetterK - - - - - - - - - - - 0 - - - - - U+0030 - 0 - DigitZero - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ItalianLetter - - - - - - - - - - - a - - - - - - - U+0061 - a - LatinSmallLetterA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U+0020 - Space - - + From 223e0be0e3d99512e7669855034ade00b139d854 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 00:09:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 129/141] Added missing lang tags --- middle/isq.owl | 124 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- middle/siunits.owl | 32 +++++----- middle/units-extension.owl | 38 ++++++------ 3 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index b0e659ad..ee18c102 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3 3‑10.1 - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1 Velocity @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 MoleFraction @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 ElectricInductance Inductance @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 AtomicNumber @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 Power @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. Probability @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 Charge ElectricCharge @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. AvogadroConstant @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 ElectricDipoleMoment @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities ISQBaseQuantity @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 Force @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The mass of an atom in the ground state. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. Energy @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 MagneticFlux @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 DoseEquivalent @@ -542,11 +542,11 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. -- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3 Position @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 Voltage ElectricPotential @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 Pressure @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. ElementaryCharge @@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) - Product of force and displacement. + Product of force and displacement. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 Work @@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 @@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. + The quantum of action. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 PlanckConstant @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance - The number of elementary entities present. + The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 AmountOfSubstance @@ -976,11 +976,11 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment 10-9.1 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: W = g μ M B @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. + Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 Frequency @@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Decays per unit time. + Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 AbsorbedDose @@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - Strength of the magnetic field. + Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 Often denoted B. MagneticFluxDensity @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. + The speed of light in vacuum. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 ElectricCapacitance Capacitance @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 ISQDimensionlessQuantity @@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 MolarGasConstant @@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 ThermodynamicTemperature @@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 Illuminance @@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. JosephsonConstant @@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - A pure number, typically the number of something. + A pure number, typically the number of something. 1, i, π, @@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current - A flow of electric charge. + A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 ElectricCurrent @@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. + Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. Length @@ -1590,8 +1590,8 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". Time @@ -1677,7 +1677,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. MassNumber @@ -1716,7 +1716,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux - Perceived power of light. + Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 LuminousFlux @@ -1772,7 +1772,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 SolidAngle @@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ SI Brochure T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. Resistance @@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@ SI Brochure T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. Resistance quantum. VonKlitzingConstant @@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 Mass @@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ SI Brochure - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. SIExactConstant @@ -1884,7 +1884,7 @@ SI Brochure - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 InternationalSystemOfQuantity @@ -1898,7 +1898,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 PlaneAngle Angle @@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ SI Brochure T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1953,7 +1953,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant @@ -1972,7 +1972,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. Conductance @@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index bef82c06..4c50e5f6 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. + A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. m/s kg/m^3 This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K - The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. + The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 Kelvin @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC - The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. + The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 Second @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ kg/m^3 - The base units in the SI system. + The base units in the SI system. https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf SIBaseUnit @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ kg/m^3 - A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. + A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M - The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. + The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 Metre @@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD - The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. + The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 Candela @@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM - The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. + The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 Kilogram @@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD - Measure of plane angle. + Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. Radian @@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ - Radioactive decays per second. + Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 Unit for radioactive activity. Becquerel @@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR - Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. + Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 Steradian @@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ kg/m^3 - A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. + A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A - The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. + The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 Ampere @@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL - The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. + The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 Mole @@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. + The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units These units are SI coherent by definition. SISpecialUnit @@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. + The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 974aeefc..1cefe9a6 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit - One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. + One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 Dalton @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit - One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. + One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit AstronomicalUnit @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN - Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. MinuteOfArc ArcMinute @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR - Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. + Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866 Hour @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m - Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. + Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350 Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). @@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY http://dbpedia.org/page/Day - A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. + A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527 Day @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. + The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units CGS is a variant of the metric system. CGSUnit @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. + Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. SIAcceptedSpecialUnit @@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC - Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. SecondOfArc ArcSecond @@ -452,8 +452,8 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B - One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. - Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. + One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L - A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), + A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 Litre @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper - Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ Wikipedia http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle) - Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. + Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 Degree @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute - Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. + Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. Minute @@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare - A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. + A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare Hectare @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt - The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. + The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 ElectronVolt @@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M - A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. + A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394 Tonne @@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). g - Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. + Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 Gram From bf2c76f90fbfbb6fcb5e86439af0bfaf19a1b3d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 00:11:11 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 130/141] Revert changes to emmo-inferred.owl --- emmo-inferred.owl | 18414 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 15422 insertions(+), 2992 deletions(-) diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl index 67c1882c..ce5392d6 100644 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ b/emmo-inferred.owl @@ -1,36 +1,40 @@ - - - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#" + xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"> + + + Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) +Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) +Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) +Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) +Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - -EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). - Access, DE - Fraunhofer IWM, DE - Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) - SINTEF, NO - University of Bologna, IT - Adham Hashibon - Emanuele Ghedini - Georg Schmitz - Gerhard Goldbeck - Jesper Friis - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - EMMC ASBL - European Materials & Modelling Ontology +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. + EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) + +https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode + The European Materials Modelling Ontology + +Version 1.0.0-alpha2 + Contacts: +Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + +Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -40,7 +44,11 @@ Emanuele Ghedini University of Bologna (IT) email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - 1.0.0-alpha2 + European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) + +EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. + +It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. @@ -56,42 +64,38 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. - -See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. - physicalDimension - - - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html qudtMatch + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - + - - URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. - IECEntry + + altLabel + + + + license + + + + URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ dbpediaMatch + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ @@ -99,26 +103,14 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - Human readable definition of a concept. definition - - - - 3‑1.1 (refers to length) - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - ISO80000Entry - - - - - Short enlightening explanation of a concept. elucidation @@ -127,7 +119,6 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. example @@ -137,20 +128,17 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - https://www.wikipedia.org/ wikipediaEntry + https://www.wikipedia.org/ - + - - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omMatch - + + author + @@ -158,48 +146,12 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ iupacDoi + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -212,18 +164,6 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" - - - - - - - - - - - - - + hasVariable @@ -274,31 +214,13 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" + Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. - In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - -The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - Length hasReferenceUnit only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) - -was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension - -was changed to - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. hasReferenceUnit @@ -308,6 +230,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + @@ -324,7 +247,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - hasPhysicalDimension + hasPhysicsDimension @@ -332,7 +255,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - + hasModel @@ -341,8 +264,8 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - - + + hasProperty @@ -388,72 +311,6 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - - - - - - - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - - - - - - - - - - hasIndex - - - - - - - - - - hasIcon - - - - - - - - - - - hasSign - - - - - - - - - - hasInterpretant - - - - - - - - - - hasConvention - - - - @@ -463,6 +320,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. @@ -497,6 +355,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + hasContactWith @@ -512,6 +371,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + disconnected @@ -527,6 +387,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + Causality is a topological property between connected items. Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. @@ -583,6 +444,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + overcrosses @@ -598,6 +460,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + hasOverlapWith @@ -608,6 +471,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + @@ -657,9 +521,76 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens + + + + + + + + + + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + + + + + + + + + + hasIndex + + + + + + + + + + hasIcon + + + + + + + + + + + hasSign + + + + + + + + + + hasInterpretant + + + + + + + + + + hasConvention + + + + + @@ -722,12 +653,14 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). + + + A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. -A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. +Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ. -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule). Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") Holistic @@ -745,13 +678,17 @@ This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid + + A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. + A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. -However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). +Following the common definition of process, every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. -A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist (i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason). +However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist. + +A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist, i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason. Process @@ -772,6 +709,8 @@ A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is autom + + A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. @@ -791,6 +730,170 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TimeDimension @@ -800,11 +903,156 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricInductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - ElectricInductance Inductance @@ -814,7 +1062,152 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 @@ -833,6 +1226,167 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + LuminousIntensityDimension @@ -842,11 +1396,155 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Charge http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - Charge ElectricCharge @@ -857,6 +1555,154 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -877,7 +1723,150 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Force Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 @@ -891,6 +1880,139 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQDerivedQuantity @@ -907,7 +2029,163 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - ElectricPotentialDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeCurrentDimension @@ -916,7 +2194,149 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -936,7 +2356,329 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - ElectricConductanceDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DimensionOne @@ -945,7 +2687,147 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 @@ -958,7 +2840,147 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -977,7 +2999,157 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - EntropyDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerTemperatureSquareTimeDimension @@ -992,7 +3164,156 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - MagneticFluxDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension @@ -1001,20 +3322,157 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - Voltage - ElectricPotential - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Voltage + http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + ElectricPotential + + + + - @@ -1022,7 +3480,154 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - SpeedDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + LengthPerTimeDimension @@ -1037,7 +3642,153 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - AngularMomentumDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerTimeDimension @@ -1046,7 +3797,143 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 @@ -1059,7 +3946,157 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -1077,7 +4114,150 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - FrequencyDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PerTimeDimension @@ -1092,7 +4272,149 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - PressureDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassPerLengthSquareTimeDimension @@ -1107,7 +4429,148 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - ForceDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassLengthPerSquareTimeDimension @@ -1122,7 +4585,147 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - InductanceDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeSquareCurrentDimension @@ -1137,7 +4740,146 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - LuminousEfficacyDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + LuminousIntensityCubicTimePerMassLengthDimension @@ -1152,7 +4894,145 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - IlluminanceDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + LuminousIntensityPerSquareLengthDimension @@ -1161,7 +5041,136 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. @@ -1182,7 +5191,143 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - ElectricResistanceDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeSquareCurrentDimension @@ -1197,6 +5342,141 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassDimension @@ -1206,7 +5486,147 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 @@ -1225,7 +5645,140 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - AbsorbedDoseDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension @@ -1234,7 +5787,132 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 @@ -1247,7 +5925,132 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -1259,7 +6062,132 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 @@ -1272,7 +6200,132 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 @@ -1286,30 +6339,141 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricCapacitance http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - ElectricCapacitance Capacitance - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - - - - @@ -1320,6 +6484,133 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TemperatureDimension @@ -1335,7 +6626,133 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - ElectricChargeDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TimeCurrentDimension @@ -1350,6 +6767,131 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PerAmountDimension @@ -1359,7 +6901,137 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 @@ -1378,7 +7050,130 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - CapacitanceDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + QuarticTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension @@ -1393,6 +7188,128 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + LengthDimension @@ -1402,7 +7319,126 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 @@ -1411,31 +7447,130 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -"There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one." - PureNumberQuantity - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -1453,7 +7588,126 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - PowerDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeDimension @@ -1462,7 +7716,131 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 @@ -1475,12 +7853,133 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. Length @@ -1496,7 +7995,123 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - CatalyticActivityDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AmountPerTimeDimension @@ -1505,13 +8120,131 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". Time @@ -1527,6 +8260,120 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricCurrentDimension @@ -1536,7 +8383,120 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 @@ -1555,8 +8515,118 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -SI Brochure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AmountDimension @@ -1565,8 +8635,120 @@ SI Brochure - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 @@ -1579,12 +8761,124 @@ SI Brochure - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Resistance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Resistance ElectricResistance @@ -1600,7 +8894,116 @@ SI Brochure - MagneticFluxDensityDimension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension @@ -1609,6 +9012,17 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -1619,7 +9033,110 @@ SI Brochure - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 @@ -1632,10 +9149,109 @@ SI Brochure - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 InternationalSystemOfQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 @@ -1643,12 +9259,121 @@ SI Brochure - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - PlaneAngle Angle @@ -1664,25 +9389,112 @@ SI Brochure - EnergyDimension - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension @@ -1691,12 +9503,121 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Conductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Conductance ElectricConductance @@ -1706,32 +9627,9 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param - - - - - - - - - - - An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. - -Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide" - Device - - - - - - - - - A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. - Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. - ContinuousManufacturing + + + Component @@ -1750,7 +9648,9 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + + + A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. Car, tire, composite material. The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. Engineered @@ -1758,17 +9658,6 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components. - Assemblying a bicycle, building a car. - DiscreteManufacturing - - - - @@ -1779,85 +9668,37 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" - The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + Manufacturing - + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - - - - - - - - - - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - - - - - - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + System @@ -1866,59 +9707,60 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. ElectronCloud - - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoParticle - - - - - - - - - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - - - - - - - - - - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - - - - - + - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. - SolidSolidSuspension + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. + MaterialState + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 @@ -1927,6 +9769,19 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -1938,20 +9793,25 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - - - - - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. H20, C6H12O6, CH4 An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. @@ -1967,160 +9827,53 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - - - - - - - - - - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - - - - - - - - - - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. - Emulsion - - - - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water - LiquidGasSuspension - - - - - - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. NeutralAtom - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - - - - - - - - - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - - - - - - - - - - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - - - - - - - - - - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - - - - - - - - - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -2130,143 +9883,25 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential) - - - - - - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - - - - - - - - - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - - - - - - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - - - - - - - - - - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture - - - - - - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AcqueousSolution - - - - - - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - - - - - - - - - - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - - - - - - - - - - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - -[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)] - PhaseOfMatter - - - - - - - - - A material that undergoes chemical changes. - ReactiveMaterial - - - - - - - - - - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - - - - - - - - - - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - - - - - - - - - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subatomic @@ -2276,6 +9911,19 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can + + + + + + + + + + + + + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. @@ -2291,6 +9939,19 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. Gas, liquid, plasma, Fluid @@ -2301,7 +9962,22 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 @@ -2319,124 +9995,65 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Proton - - - - - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - - - - - - - - - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - - - - - - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel - SolidFoam - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. Solid - - - - - - - - - - - - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - StateOfMatter - - - - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - - - - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. - GasSolidSuspension - - - - - - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, IonAtom @@ -2448,68 +10065,30 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + + + + + + + + + Neutron - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. - GasLiquidSuspension - - - - - - - - - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - - - - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud - LiquidSolidSuspension - - - - - + - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -2522,6 +10101,19 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. @@ -2535,51 +10127,40 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part - - - - - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus - - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - - - - - + + + Vector @@ -2589,6 +10170,18 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + + + + + + + + + + + + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. f(x) > 0 Inequality @@ -2619,36 +10212,56 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Real - - - - - 2x+3 - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - - - - - - - - - Matrix - - - - - + @@ -2659,6 +10272,8 @@ We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part + + A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. x k @@ -2673,128 +10288,65 @@ k + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A numerical data value. A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. - -More than one numeral stand for the same number. - -In the EMMO abstract entities does not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). - -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). - -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. - -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. Number - - - - - Exponent - - - - - - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) - DefiningEquation - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - - - - - - - - - AlgebricOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - - - - - - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - FunctionDefinition - - - - + + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). Numerical - - - - - - - = - - - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals - - - - @@ -2818,6 +10370,45 @@ y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Boolean @@ -2827,6 +10418,8 @@ y = f(x) + + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. Mathematical @@ -2856,6 +10449,44 @@ y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalSymbol @@ -2864,7 +10495,45 @@ y = f(x) - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticOperator @@ -2875,8 +10544,20 @@ y = f(x) - A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false. - MathematicalFormula + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. + Formula @@ -2884,7 +10565,7 @@ y = f(x) - + @@ -2895,79 +10576,28 @@ y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2+2 ArithmeticExpression - - - - - - - + - - - - Plus - - - - - - - - - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - Polynomial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 * a - b = c - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - - - - - - - - - - - / - - - - Division - - - - - - - - - 1 + 1 = 2 - ArithmeticEquation - - - - @@ -2982,6 +10612,8 @@ y = f(x) + + A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. π refers to the constant number ~3.14 Constant @@ -2989,25 +10621,12 @@ y = f(x) - - - - - - - ∇ - - - - Gradient - - - - + + viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. Parameter @@ -3026,6 +10645,98 @@ y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x @@ -3041,26 +10752,6 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - - - - - - MathematicalOperator - - - - - - - - - DifferentialOperator - - - - @@ -3084,6 +10775,43 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Integer @@ -3094,6 +10822,18 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + + + + + + + + + + + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. Expression @@ -3104,6 +10844,8 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. Unknown @@ -3111,15 +10853,6 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., - - - - - Array - - - - @@ -3131,11 +10864,103 @@ where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. @@ -3163,6 +10988,12 @@ ISO 80000-1 + + + + + + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. DerivedUnit @@ -3173,6 +11004,8 @@ ISO 80000-1 + + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). @@ -3197,7 +11030,108 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - μ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + μ GreekSmallLetterMu @@ -3213,7 +11147,104 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - A + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A LatinCapitalLetterA @@ -3232,6 +11263,42 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -3253,45 +11320,171 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - µ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + µ MicroUnit - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -SI Brochure - DimensionOne - - - - - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m @@ -3305,6 +11498,102 @@ J stands for N m + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. MeasuredConstant @@ -3334,6 +11623,41 @@ J stands for N m + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. MetrologicalSymbol @@ -3344,6 +11668,8 @@ J stands for N m + + A unit that does not belong to any system of units. eV barn @@ -3356,12 +11682,64 @@ barn - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. Refractive index or volume fraction. @@ -3375,7 +11753,94 @@ barn - Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MultipleUnit @@ -3385,6 +11850,92 @@ barn + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". DerivedQuantity @@ -3399,9 +11950,42 @@ barn + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix MetricPrefix + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix @@ -3428,6 +12012,11 @@ barn + + + + + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. NonPrefixedUnit @@ -3438,6 +12027,90 @@ barn + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. ExactConstant @@ -3448,10 +12121,9 @@ barn + + A symbolic object used in metrology. - Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application. - --- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. Metrological @@ -3464,6 +12136,38 @@ barn + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, @@ -3487,7 +12191,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PhysicalDimension + PhysicsDimension @@ -3496,7 +12200,90 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SubMultipleUnit @@ -3512,7 +12299,95 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - m + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + m LatinSmallLetterM @@ -3528,6 +12403,90 @@ A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1 BaseQuantity @@ -3539,6 +12498,8 @@ ISO 80000-1 + + A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l @@ -3551,14 +12512,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - - - - - 1 - - - + + @@ -3589,6 +12544,88 @@ So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a &apo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -3606,6 +12643,95 @@ With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an ex + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) Hardness @@ -3649,6 +12775,89 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -3663,6 +12872,8 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) ProcedureUnit @@ -3680,7 +12891,93 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - a + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + a LatinSmallLetterA @@ -3690,47 +12987,93 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. BaseUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" -ISO 80000-1 - -"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. - A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. - -A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. - -For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. - Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - QuantitativeProperty - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UTF8 @@ -3746,8 +13089,95 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + U+0020 - Space @@ -3772,6 +13202,83 @@ For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -3808,6 +13315,9 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. + + + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. Experiment @@ -3835,12 +13345,91 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. + The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrodinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. PhysicsEquation @@ -3850,8 +13439,10 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. + + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. PhysicalPhenomenon @@ -3861,6 +13452,83 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. ContinuumModel @@ -3871,6 +13539,83 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. MesoscopicModel @@ -3881,6 +13626,9 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. Theorization @@ -3891,6 +13639,83 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock. @@ -3903,6 +13728,83 @@ Hartree-Fock. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. AtomisticModel @@ -3912,7 +13814,9 @@ Hartree-Fock. - + + + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. @@ -3937,7 +13841,9 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - + + + A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). @@ -3951,6 +13857,8 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b + + PhysicalLaw @@ -3960,7 +13868,9 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b - A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. + + + A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. DataBasedModel @@ -3982,6 +13892,83 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. PhysicsBasedModel @@ -3992,6 +13979,8 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b + + NaturalLaw @@ -4007,6 +13996,85 @@ A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' b + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). The Lennard-Jones potential. @@ -4023,6 +14091,8 @@ An Hamiltonian. + + MaterialLaw @@ -4041,6 +14111,8 @@ An Hamiltonian. + + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 @@ -4053,6 +14125,8 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + + An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. fe780 emmo @@ -4067,6 +14141,8 @@ cat + + 0-manifold @@ -4076,6 +14152,8 @@ cat + + 1-manifold @@ -4085,6 +14163,8 @@ cat + + A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. A music score is not a 'music' individual. @@ -4100,6 +14180,8 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b + + Curve @@ -4109,6 +14191,8 @@ The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered b + + A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. @@ -4122,6 +14206,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + Plane @@ -4131,6 +14217,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + Point @@ -4140,6 +14228,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + Line @@ -4149,6 +14239,8 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + 3-manifold @@ -4158,7 +14250,9 @@ The Mona Lisa. - A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. + + + An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. Acoustical @@ -4182,6 +14276,18 @@ The Mona Lisa. + + + + + + + + + + + + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. @@ -4199,6 +14305,8 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos + + EuclideanSpace @@ -4208,6 +14316,8 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a &apos + + A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). A line scratched on a surface. A sound. @@ -4244,6 +14354,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + Speech @@ -4253,6 +14365,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + Torus @@ -4269,6 +14383,18 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. SymbolicComposition @@ -4279,6 +14405,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + Noise @@ -4288,6 +14416,8 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + 2-manifold @@ -4297,6 +14427,32 @@ However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketche + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. @@ -4320,6 +14476,8 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe + + Circle @@ -4329,6 +14487,8 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe + + A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. @@ -4347,7 +14507,9 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. + + + A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. Graphical @@ -4359,6 +14521,8 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + Sphere @@ -4368,6 +14532,8 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). Language @@ -4379,6 +14545,38 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. Photon @@ -4397,6 +14595,36 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. Massive @@ -4417,6 +14645,10 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + + + A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. Vacuum @@ -4427,9 +14659,10 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. + The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). Material @@ -4439,26 +14672,7 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -4471,6 +14685,8 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. Matter @@ -4494,6 +14710,8 @@ The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, + + A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. @@ -4508,6 +14726,37 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. Quark @@ -4519,6 +14768,35 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. Gluon @@ -4529,21 +14807,37 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. Electron @@ -4561,7 +14855,9 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic - The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences. + + + The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. Physicalistic @@ -4572,6 +14868,33 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -4599,6 +14922,33 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. Massless @@ -4610,6 +14960,33 @@ Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. @@ -4622,7 +14999,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - + @@ -4635,6 +15012,9 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between + + + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observation @@ -4644,7 +15024,7 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between - + @@ -4655,6 +15035,10 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between + + + + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. Observer @@ -4665,6 +15049,14 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between + + + + + + + + A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing. @@ -4684,6 +15076,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + + A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. @@ -4702,6 +15096,9 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + + + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. Measurement @@ -4711,7 +15108,75 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasuredQuantitativeProperty @@ -4721,6 +15186,8 @@ e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered @@ -4740,7 +15207,7 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - + @@ -4758,9 +15225,11 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - + + + @@ -4775,7 +15244,7 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasProperty C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +Stating that an entity E has_property C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. @@ -4808,7 +15277,75 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ModelledQuantitativeProperty @@ -4817,7 +15354,75 @@ Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. @@ -4830,10 +15435,113 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. + "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" +ISO 80000-1 + +"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. + +A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. + +For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. + Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + QuantitativeProperty + + + + + + + + MeasurementInstrument @@ -4851,6 +15559,10 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two + + + + A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). @@ -4869,6 +15581,10 @@ Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granu + + + + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. @@ -4912,6 +15628,10 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot + + + + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). @@ -4920,7 +15640,7 @@ The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist can provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. @@ -4934,202 +15654,6 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - Semiosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - Interpreter - - - - - - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Index - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - - - - - - - - - The object, in Peirce semiotics. - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - Object - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - Sign - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - Semiotic - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - -An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - Three subtypes of icon are possible: - -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) - -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) - -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else - -[Wikipedia] - Icon - - - - @@ -5146,6 +15670,81 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic Gy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 Measurement unit for absorbed dose. @@ -5179,6 +15778,78 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic p + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Pico @@ -5200,6 +15871,79 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic W + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 Measurement unit for power. @@ -5233,6 +15977,76 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic d + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deci @@ -5242,6 +16056,41 @@ An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. m/s kg/m^3 @@ -5255,7 +16104,88 @@ kg/m^3 - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. @@ -5291,6 +16221,74 @@ kg/m^3 da + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deka @@ -5321,6 +16319,73 @@ kg/m^3 h + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hecto @@ -5351,6 +16416,72 @@ kg/m^3 f + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Femto @@ -5381,6 +16512,71 @@ kg/m^3 z + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Zepto @@ -5402,6 +16598,71 @@ kg/m^3 K + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 @@ -5426,6 +16687,70 @@ kg/m^3 s + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 @@ -5439,6 +16764,42 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -5464,6 +16825,69 @@ kg/m^3 kat + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 Measurement unit for catalytic activity. @@ -5477,6 +16901,62 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -5487,8 +16967,8 @@ kg/m^3 The base units in the SI system. - https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf SIBaseUnit + https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf @@ -5518,6 +16998,63 @@ kg/m^3 T + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tera @@ -5549,6 +17086,64 @@ kg/m^3 a + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Atto @@ -5579,6 +17174,63 @@ kg/m^3 P + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Peta @@ -5588,6 +17240,49 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -5619,20 +17314,140 @@ kg/m^3 - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacy + + + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. @@ -5659,6 +17474,61 @@ kg/m^3 Ω + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 Measurement unit for resistance. @@ -5692,6 +17562,59 @@ kg/m^3 E + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Exa @@ -5722,6 +17645,58 @@ kg/m^3 M + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mega @@ -5731,6 +17706,34 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. SINonCoherentDerivedUnit @@ -5753,6 +17756,57 @@ kg/m^3 C + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 Measurement unit for electric charge. @@ -5765,6 +17819,10 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + @@ -5801,6 +17859,56 @@ kg/m^3 k + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Kilo @@ -5810,8 +17918,67 @@ kg/m^3 - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant The quantum of action. @@ -5838,6 +18005,54 @@ kg/m^3 m + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 @@ -5850,6 +18065,30 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -5875,6 +18114,52 @@ kg/m^3 J + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 Measurement unit for energy. @@ -5899,6 +18184,52 @@ kg/m^3 cd + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 @@ -5911,8 +18242,63 @@ kg/m^3 - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light The speed of light in vacuum. @@ -5938,6 +18324,50 @@ kg/m^3 kg + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 @@ -5972,6 +18402,49 @@ kg/m^3 µ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Micro @@ -5984,7 +18457,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -5993,6 +18466,47 @@ kg/m^3 rad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD Measure of plane angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 @@ -6028,6 +18542,47 @@ kg/m^3 m + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Milli @@ -6049,6 +18604,45 @@ kg/m^3 Pa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 Measurement unit for pressure. @@ -6082,14 +18676,53 @@ kg/m^3 G + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Giga - + - + @@ -6103,6 +18736,43 @@ kg/m^3 F + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 Measurement unit for electric capacitance. @@ -6111,9 +18781,9 @@ kg/m^3 - + - + @@ -6127,6 +18797,42 @@ kg/m^3 N + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 Measurement unit for force. @@ -6151,6 +18857,41 @@ kg/m^3 T + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. @@ -6175,6 +18916,40 @@ kg/m^3 °C + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. @@ -6208,6 +18983,40 @@ kg/m^3 c + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Centi @@ -6229,6 +19038,38 @@ kg/m^3 Bq + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 @@ -6245,7 +19086,7 @@ kg/m^3 - + @@ -6254,6 +19095,37 @@ kg/m^3 sr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 @@ -6267,6 +19139,44 @@ kg/m^3 + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. SIPrefixedUnit @@ -6290,6 +19200,35 @@ kg/m^3 lm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 Measurement unit for luminous flux. @@ -6314,6 +19253,34 @@ kg/m^3 Wb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 Measurement unit for magnetic flux. @@ -6338,6 +19305,33 @@ kg/m^3 lx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 Measurement unit for illuminance. @@ -6371,6 +19365,33 @@ kg/m^3 Z + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Zetta @@ -6393,6 +19414,32 @@ kg/m^3 A + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 @@ -6417,6 +19464,30 @@ kg/m^3 Sv + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658 @@ -6444,6 +19515,30 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff mol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 @@ -6477,6 +19572,29 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff n + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nano @@ -6498,6 +19616,27 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff V + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 Measurement unit for voltage. @@ -6522,6 +19661,26 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Hz + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 Measurement unit for frequence. @@ -6555,6 +19714,26 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff Y + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Yotta @@ -6565,6 +19744,23 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -6574,8 +19770,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - + + @@ -6613,6 +19809,24 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff S + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measurement unit for electrical conductance. Siemens @@ -6623,6 +19837,32 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. SIExactConstant @@ -6654,6 +19894,22 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff y + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Yocto @@ -6664,7 +19920,23 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -6687,6 +19959,20 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff H + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 Measurement unit for electrical inductance. @@ -6699,6 +19985,8 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff + + @@ -6708,9 +19996,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. - The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). - -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures SIUnit @@ -6720,8 +20005,32 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. @@ -6732,1526 +20041,370 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Da - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton - http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit - One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 - Dalton - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - 3‑10.1 - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Velocity - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - - - + - + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective - + - - - - - - - - - - + + - au + Δ - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC - http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit - One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit - AstronomicalUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Laplacian - + - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - Mass per volume. - Density + + + + + + + 2x+3 + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression - + - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - AtomicNumber + + + + + Matrix - + - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability + + + + + + + + + Exponent - + - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability + + + + + Array - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - +The definition of density as mass/volume. - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat +y = f(x) + DefiningEquation - + - - - - Unit for dimensionless units that cannot be expressed as a 'FractionUnit'. - Unit of AtomicNumber - PureNumberUnit + + + + + * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Multiplication - + - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration + + + + + + + + AlgebricOperator - + - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. - MassFractionUnit + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Minus - + - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - ElectricDipoleMoment + + + + + + + + + + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) + FunctionDefinition - + - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + = - - MagneticDipoleMomentDimension + + + + + + + + + + + The equals symbol. + Equals - + - - - - + + - ′ + + - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN - Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. - MinuteOfArc - ArcMinute + + + + + + + + + Plus - + - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence + + + + + + + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + Polynomial - + - - - - - - - - - + + - - h + + - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR - Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866 - Hour - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - AtomicMass + + + + + + + + + 2 * a - b = c + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation - + - - - - - - - - - - + + - Å + / - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM - http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m - Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350 - Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). - -Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - Angstrom - Ångström + + + + + + + Division - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - d - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY - http://dbpedia.org/page/Day - A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527 - Day + + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 = 2 + ArithmeticEquation - + - - - + + - T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaDimension - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Position - PositionVector - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - - - - - - - - - - - - + ∇ - - SI coherent measurement unit for speed. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time - MetrePerSecond - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - PotentialEnergy - - - - - - - - - The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units - CGS is a variant of the metric system. - CGSUnit + + + + + Gradient - + - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat - http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) - Product of force and displacement. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - Work - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Non-SI units mentioned in the SI. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI - This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide. - SIAcceptedSpecialUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - ″ - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC - Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. - SecondOfArc - ArcSecond - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B - One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. - Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel - Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. - bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively. - Bel - - - - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. - AreaFractionUnit - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricalImpedance - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - CurrentDensity - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - - - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment - 10-9.1 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - MagneticDipoleMoment - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/InternalEnergy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VolumeDimension - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricalReactance - - - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - Extent of a surface. - Area - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - CentreOfMass - - - - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - VolumeFractionUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SI coherent measurement unit for volume. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre - CubicMetre - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - l - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L - A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 - Litre - - - - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - VolumeFraction - - - - - - - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Torque - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - Torque - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/KineticEnergy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - KineticEnergy - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain - Strain - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - MolarGasConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SI coherent measurement unit for area. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre - SquareMetre - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Np - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP - http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper - Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. - -The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. - -Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106 - Neper - - - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - - - - - - - - - - - - - ° - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG - http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle) - Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 - Degree - - - - - - - - - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SI coherent measurement unit for torque. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre - Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule. - NewtonMetre - - - - - - - - - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - FractionUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - min - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN - http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute - Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. - Minute - - - - - - - - - - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - - - - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. - LengthFractionUnit - - - - - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricalConductivity - - - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - - - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ha - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA - http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare - A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare - Hectare - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricalResistivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - eV - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt - The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 - ElectronVolt - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - - - - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. - SpeedFractionUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measurement unit for electric dipole moment. - ColumnMetre - - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - Resistance quantum. - VonKlitzingConstant - - - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - ReciprocalLength - - - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - - - - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. - AmountFractionUnit - - - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VelocityDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M - A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394 - Tonne - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - g - - - Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 - Gram + + + + + + + MathematicalOperator - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. + -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective + + + + + DifferentialOperator @@ -8266,6 +20419,20 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. @@ -8293,6 +20460,8 @@ A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. + + The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). @@ -8313,12 +20482,6 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the - - - - - - @@ -8329,6 +20492,12 @@ To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the + + + + + + @@ -8359,6 +20528,30 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 + + + + + + + + + A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). + +Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. + An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). + +In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. + +All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. + +Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + Item + + + + @@ -8375,6 +20568,8 @@ It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4 + + The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). @@ -8398,6 +20593,16 @@ However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in w + + + + + + + + + + A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. From Latin vacuus, “empty”. Void @@ -8496,26 +20701,198 @@ e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of - + - - - - - - - A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process -Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. - An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + Semiosis + + -In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. -All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. + -Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - Item + + + + + + + + + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + Interpreter + + + + + + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + Index + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + + + + + + + + + The object, in Peirce semiotics. + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + Object + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + Sign + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + Semiotic + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + +An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + Three subtypes of icon are possible: + +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) + +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) + +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else + +[Wikipedia] + Icon @@ -8531,28 +20908,90 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + b + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + a + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Universe 1 - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 2 + 1 2 @@ -8561,10 +21000,7 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n 1 - 1 - - - 1 + 1 @@ -8577,26 +21013,20 @@ Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do n /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// --> - - Replaced by skos:altLabel - altLabel - - - license - Replaced by dcterms:license - https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl - URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) bdoMatch + URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) - - Replaced by dcterms:creator - author + + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure + omMatch + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - + From 7897c9483877573cbcbf7191de4d90e26b306d56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 08:12:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 131/141] Solved a Merge Issue on Item --- top/physical.owl | 11 ----------- 1 file changed, 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/top/physical.owl b/top/physical.owl index b80cb7a7..0190242f 100644 --- a/top/physical.owl +++ b/top/physical.owl @@ -251,17 +251,6 @@ More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physica e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter. Physical - - - - - - - - - - - From e76bb8298f0a4ebe8a3158e23b3d4ae7fd6e7f82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 13:17:02 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 132/141] Brutally overwrote isq, siunits and units-extension with PR #93 using the following commands: git show add-additional-quantities:middle/isq.owl >middle/isq.owl git show add-additional-quantities:middle/siunits.owl >middle/siunits.owl git show add-additional-quantities:middle/units-extension.owl >middle/units-extension.owl Seems to be consistent and correct. --- middle/isq.owl | 1159 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- middle/siunits.owl | 120 +--- middle/units-extension.owl | 891 ++++++--------------------- 3 files changed, 1360 insertions(+), 810 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index bc959d99..ee18c102 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> + European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) @@ -46,6 +47,29 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + + A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. + +See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. + physicalDimension + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3‑10.1 + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Velocity + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 @@ -85,10 +146,63 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + Mass per volume. + Density + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + AtomicNumber + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 @@ -97,6 +211,45 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + + + + @@ -116,6 +269,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 @@ -125,6 +279,50 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + AvogadroConstant + + + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + ElectricDipoleMoment + + + + @@ -146,10 +344,38 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentDimension + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Force Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 @@ -158,6 +384,21 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + AtomicMass + + + + @@ -188,6 +429,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -212,10 +454,26 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + + + T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaDimension + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 @@ -228,6 +486,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -251,6 +510,81 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Position + PositionVector + + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + PotentialEnergy + + + + @@ -270,6 +604,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 @@ -309,10 +644,23 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 @@ -324,6 +672,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -391,6 +740,22 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge + http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + ElementaryCharge + + + + @@ -406,6 +771,48 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat + http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) + Product of force and displacement. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Work + + + + @@ -425,6 +832,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. @@ -435,6 +843,19 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + + + + @@ -450,6 +871,21 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant + The quantum of action. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + PlanckConstant + + + + @@ -465,9 +901,65 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricalImpedance + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + CurrentDensity + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 @@ -476,6 +968,46 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment + 10-9.1 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + MagneticDipoleMoment + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/InternalEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + + + + @@ -495,6 +1027,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 @@ -503,10 +1036,24 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -514,22 +1061,65 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 AbsorbedDose + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VolumeDimension + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricalReactance + + + + + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 @@ -539,10 +1129,53 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + Extent of a surface. + Area + + + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light + The speed of light in vacuum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 @@ -552,10 +1185,55 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + CentreOfMass + + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity @@ -580,6 +1258,36 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + VolumeFraction + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Torque + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + Torque + + + + @@ -595,6 +1303,48 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/KineticEnergy + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + KineticEnergy + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain + Strain + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + MolarGasConstant + + + + @@ -610,9 +1360,23 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 @@ -651,24 +1415,52 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 Illuminance + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, + 1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom @@ -686,6 +1478,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -711,6 +1504,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 @@ -719,9 +1513,24 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19 http://dbpedia.org/page/Length Extend of a spatial dimension. @@ -732,6 +1541,21 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricalConductivity + + + + @@ -747,12 +1571,26 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". @@ -761,6 +1599,22 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + + + + @@ -776,10 +1630,91 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricalResistivity + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 @@ -788,6 +1723,32 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou + + + + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + + + + @@ -809,6 +1770,7 @@ SI Brochure + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 @@ -821,6 +1783,7 @@ SI Brochure + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 @@ -831,6 +1794,20 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + Resistance quantum. + VonKlitzingConstant + + + + @@ -846,6 +1823,19 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + ReciprocalLength + + + + @@ -859,6 +1849,7 @@ SI Brochure + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 @@ -867,6 +1858,28 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + + + + + + + + + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + + + + @@ -883,8 +1896,9 @@ SI Brochure + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 PlaneAngle Angle @@ -907,12 +1921,40 @@ SI Brochure + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + VelocityDimension + + + + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, + refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). @@ -928,6 +1970,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 @@ -935,6 +1978,110 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param Conductance ElectricConductance + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant + http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/middle/siunits.owl b/middle/siunits.owl index 01ef0ad9..4c50e5f6 100644 --- a/middle/siunits.owl +++ b/middle/siunits.owl @@ -165,8 +165,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. - m/s + m/s kg/m^3 This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. SICoherentDerivedUnit @@ -174,20 +175,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - AvogadroConstant - - - - @@ -320,7 +307,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K - The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. + The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 Kelvin @@ -343,7 +330,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC - The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. + The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 Second @@ -523,32 +510,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge - http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - ElementaryCharge - - - - @@ -705,19 +666,6 @@ kg/m^3 - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - PlanckConstant - - - - @@ -734,7 +682,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M - The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. + The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 Metre @@ -792,26 +740,13 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD - The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. + The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 Candela - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - - - - @@ -828,7 +763,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM - The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. + The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 Kilogram @@ -1106,7 +1041,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ - Radioactive decays per second. + Radioactive decays per second. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 Unit for radioactive activity. Becquerel @@ -1262,7 +1197,7 @@ kg/m^3 http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A - The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. + The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 Ampere @@ -1311,7 +1246,7 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL - The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. + The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 Mole @@ -1479,16 +1414,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - - - - @@ -1518,17 +1443,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff - - - - - - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - - - - @@ -1570,20 +1484,6 @@ Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological eff https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures SIUnit - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - 1 diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 309c2c72..1cefe9a6 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ xmlns:annotations="http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#"> - European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO) @@ -59,97 +58,147 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - + - - + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - + - - + - - + + + + + + + + + - - Da + + - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton - http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit - One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 - Dalton - + - + - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + + + + + + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3‑10.1 - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + --- IEC, note 1 - Velocity - + + + + + + + + - + - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Da + + + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton + http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit + One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514 + Dalton @@ -172,85 +221,13 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit - One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. + One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit AstronomicalUnit - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - Mass per volume. - Density - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - AtomicNumber - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - - - - - - - - - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - - - - - - - - - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - - - - @@ -263,18 +240,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - - - - @@ -286,25 +251,16 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - - - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - ElectricDipoleMoment - - - - + + + + + + @@ -312,24 +268,13 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN - Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree. MinuteOfArc ArcMinute - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - - - - @@ -347,27 +292,13 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR - Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. + Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866 Hour - - - - - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - AtomicMass - - - - @@ -386,7 +317,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m - Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. + Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350 Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). @@ -416,80 +347,26 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY http://dbpedia.org/page/Day - A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. + A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527 Day - + - - + + - - T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - AreaDimension - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - - - - - - - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Position - PositionVector - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass + SI coherent measurement unit for speed. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time + MetrePerSecond @@ -506,57 +383,6 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat - http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) - Product of force and displacement. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - Work - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - - - - @@ -589,6 +415,12 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + + + + + + @@ -596,7 +428,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC - Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. + Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree. SecondOfArc ArcSecond @@ -620,7 +452,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B - One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. + One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`. Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel. @@ -641,190 +473,30 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricalImpedance - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - CurrentDensity - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - - - - - - - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment - 10-9.1 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - MagneticDipoleMoment - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - - - - - + - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. + VolumeFractionUnit - + - - + + + - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - VolumeDimension - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricalReactance - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - Extent of a surface. - Area - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - - - - - - - - - http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-12 - http://dbpedia.org/page/Center_of_mass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - CentreOfMass - - - - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - VolumeFractionUnit + + SI coherent measurement unit for volume. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre + CubicMetre @@ -836,7 +508,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - + @@ -846,48 +518,26 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L - A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), + A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594 Litre - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - MolarGasConstant - - + - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Area_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for area. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre + SquareMetre @@ -910,7 +560,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper - Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. + Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. @@ -922,22 +572,16 @@ Wikipedia - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - - - - + + + + + + @@ -946,21 +590,27 @@ Wikipedia http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle) - Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. + Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560 Degree - + - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant + + + + + + + + + SI coherent measurement unit for torque. + http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre + Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule. + NewtonMetre @@ -996,7 +646,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute - Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. + Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds. Minute @@ -1013,47 +663,6 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricalConductivity - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - - - - @@ -1061,7 +670,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + @@ -1072,87 +681,13 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare - A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. + A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare Hectare - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - - - - - - - - - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricalResistivity - - - - @@ -1171,37 +706,13 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt - The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. + The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014 ElectronVolt - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - - - - @@ -1213,26 +724,18 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - Resistance quantum. - VonKlitzingConstant - - - - - + - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume + + + + + + + + + Measurement unit for electric dipole moment. + ColumnMetre @@ -1265,7 +768,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M - A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. + A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394 Tonne @@ -1298,5 +801,5 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + From 0178a775f61e97f5345dd7304346abd01ad8aed6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 16:56:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 133/141] Added ReaxPro project --- README.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index bc3e528d..08d5fe4d 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -101,5 +101,6 @@ This work has been supported by several European projects, including: - [MarketPlace](https://www.the-marketplace-project.eu) (2018-2022) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 760173. - [VIMMP](https://www.vimmp.eu) (2018-2021) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 760907. - [OntoTrans](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/862136) (2020-2024) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 862136. + - [ReaxPro](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/814416) (2019-2023) that receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement n. 814416. This work was conducted using the Protégé resource, which is supported by grant GM10331601 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the United States National Institutes of Health. From 9ee8e9b780a5405d6cf770ad3e67f565ee9c9c36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 17:22:57 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 134/141] Made UnitOne a subclass of DerivedUnit instead of BaseUnit. --- middle/metrology.owl | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 436bbc59..3f8f6fa6 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ barn - + From b551e424ef1ec22bfd4088fafd0a37fd4b7a73d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 19:04:11 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 135/141] Rename Continuous to ContinuumManufacturing --- middle/manufacturing.owl | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/manufacturing.owl b/middle/manufacturing.owl index 43ce9c7e..fa80cca0 100644 --- a/middle/manufacturing.owl +++ b/middle/manufacturing.owl @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare" A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances. Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake. - ContinuousManufacturing + ContinuumManufacturing From cc20b299bb7241287412537f9e974cf8c58c5e67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sat, 10 Oct 2020 23:42:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 136/141] Added range to annotation properties. --- middle/isq.owl | 1 + middle/metrology.owl | 6 ------ top/annotations.owl | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index ee18c102..01506693 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string. physicalDimension + diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index 3f8f6fa6..c42f83af 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -236,12 +236,6 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." SI Brochure diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index d1366235..24c3dbbc 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html qudtEntry + @@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it http://www.electropedia.org/ IECEntry + @@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ dbpediaEntry + @@ -115,6 +118,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Human readable definition of a concept. definition + @@ -127,6 +131,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en ISO80000Ref + @@ -137,6 +142,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Short enlightening explanation of a concept. elucidation + @@ -148,6 +154,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl bdoMatch + @@ -158,6 +165,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it Illustrative example of how the entity is used. example + @@ -169,6 +177,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://www.wikipedia.org/ wikipediaEntry + @@ -191,6 +200,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM omMatch + @@ -202,6 +212,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it https://goldbook.iupac.org/ iupacEntry + @@ -266,6 +277,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + @@ -274,6 +286,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + @@ -282,6 +295,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + From 835af006fad6ec48baa0fc6e9e6517993db16627 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2020 11:50:56 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 137/141] Improved attributes for physical quantities. Added qudtEntity attribues. --- middle/isq.owl | 163 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- middle/units-extension.owl | 7 +- top/annotations.owl | 28 +++++-- 3 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 01506693..8a6ab312 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32 Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. @@ -123,6 +124,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction @@ -138,11 +140,12 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - ElectricInductance - Inductance + Inductance + ElectricInductance @@ -152,6 +155,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 Force of gravity acting on a body. @@ -165,6 +169,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density http://dbpedia.org/page/Density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 Mass per volume. @@ -178,6 +183,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 @@ -191,9 +197,11 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + ElectromagneticPermeability Permeability @@ -204,6 +212,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 @@ -230,6 +239,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 @@ -244,6 +254,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. Heat @@ -271,6 +282,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 @@ -285,6 +297,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry) https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -298,9 +311,12 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. AvogadroConstant @@ -313,6 +329,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36 http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment @@ -377,6 +394,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force http://dbpedia.org/page/Force Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 @@ -431,6 +449,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -475,6 +494,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 @@ -488,6 +508,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -516,6 +537,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. @@ -529,6 +551,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 Product of mass and velocity. @@ -562,8 +585,9 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 The rest mass of an electron. ElectronMass @@ -576,6 +600,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48 http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. @@ -606,6 +631,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 @@ -651,7 +677,8 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - Defines the Candela unit in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?kcd + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation @@ -662,6 +689,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 @@ -674,6 +702,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. LuminousIntensity @@ -747,9 +776,10 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. ElementaryCharge @@ -777,6 +807,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex http://dbpedia.org/page/Refractive_index https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. @@ -791,7 +822,8 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElectricConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0 https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. @@ -805,6 +837,7 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work http://dbpedia.org/page/Heat http://dbpedia.org/page/Work_(physics) Product of force and displacement. @@ -849,6 +882,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum http://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_momentum https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. @@ -878,9 +912,10 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 PlanckConstant @@ -907,9 +942,11 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_impedance Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricalImpedance + Impedance + ElectricImpedance @@ -919,6 +956,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_fraction_(chemistry) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/MassFraction https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 @@ -933,6 +971,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity http://dbpedia.org/page/Current_density https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. @@ -946,6 +985,7 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 @@ -961,9 +1001,13 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance The number of elementary entities present. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure AmountOfSubstance @@ -974,6 +1018,7 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_moment 10-9.1 @@ -998,6 +1043,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-20 http://dbpedia.org/page/Internal_energy A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. @@ -1029,6 +1075,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency Number of periods per time interval. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 @@ -1042,6 +1089,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential http://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_potential https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 Energy per unit change in amount of substance. @@ -1055,6 +1103,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity Decays per unit time. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 Radioactivity @@ -1068,7 +1117,8 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 The rest mass of a proton. ProtonMass @@ -1081,6 +1131,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 @@ -1109,9 +1160,11 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_reactance The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricalReactance + Reactance + ElectricReactance @@ -1121,6 +1174,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field Strength of the magnetic field. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 @@ -1135,6 +1189,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area http://dbpedia.org/page/Area https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 Extent of a surface. @@ -1148,6 +1203,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminance https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). @@ -1163,9 +1219,10 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 SpeedOfLightInVacuum @@ -1177,6 +1234,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 @@ -1191,6 +1249,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy http://dbpedia.org/page/Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. @@ -1221,8 +1280,9 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Rydberg_constant + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ryd https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. RybergConstant @@ -1264,6 +1324,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume_fraction Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/VolumeFraction @@ -1278,6 +1339,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-26 http://dbpedia.org/page/Torque The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. @@ -1309,6 +1371,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-49 http://dbpedia.org/page/Kinetic_energy The energy of an object due to its motion. @@ -1324,6 +1387,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-57 Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Strain @@ -1337,9 +1401,10 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Gas_constant Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 MolarGasConstant @@ -1378,6 +1443,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 @@ -1421,6 +1487,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. @@ -1434,6 +1501,7 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 @@ -1447,8 +1515,9 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?kjos The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. JosephsonConstant @@ -1480,6 +1549,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 CatalyticActivity @@ -1506,6 +1576,7 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current A flow of electric charge. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 @@ -1547,12 +1618,14 @@ This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, withou T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricalConductivity + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity @@ -1575,8 +1648,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress http://dbpedia.org/page/Stress_(mechanics) Force per unit oriented surface area . Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. @@ -1589,6 +1663,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-03 http://dbpedia.org/page/Time One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. @@ -1605,6 +1680,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB http://dbpedia.org/page/Molar_concentration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. @@ -1636,8 +1712,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Fine-structure_constant + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?alph https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. FineStructureConstant @@ -1650,6 +1727,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber http://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Wavenumber https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 @@ -1664,8 +1742,9 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. NewtonianConstantOfGravity @@ -1678,7 +1757,10 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber MassNumber @@ -1690,7 +1772,8 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_MagneticConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0 The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. VacuumMagneticPermeability @@ -1703,10 +1786,12 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricalResistivity + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity @@ -1716,6 +1801,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux Perceived power of light. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 @@ -1729,6 +1815,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration http://dbpedia.org/page/Acceleration https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 Derivative of velocity with respect to time. @@ -1742,6 +1829,7 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. @@ -1760,8 +1848,6 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -SI Brochure AmountDimension @@ -1772,6 +1858,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 @@ -1785,6 +1872,7 @@ SI Brochure T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 @@ -1801,8 +1889,9 @@ SI Brochure T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?rk Resistance quantum. VonKlitzingConstant @@ -1829,9 +1918,11 @@ SI Brochure T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength http://dbpedia.org/page/Reciprocal_length The inverse of length. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + InverseLength ReciprocalLength @@ -1851,6 +1942,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 @@ -1864,6 +1956,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume http://dbpedia.org/page/Volume Extent of an object in space. Volume @@ -1898,6 +1991,7 @@ SI Brochure T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle Ratio of circular arc length to radius. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 @@ -1943,7 +2037,10 @@ SI Brochure T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?nucs HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs @@ -1972,6 +2069,7 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 @@ -1988,9 +2086,12 @@ Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of param T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant diff --git a/middle/units-extension.owl b/middle/units-extension.owl index 1cefe9a6..9f7b5164 100644 --- a/middle/units-extension.owl +++ b/middle/units-extension.owl @@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC SI coherent measurement unit for speed. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time MetrePerSecond @@ -494,6 +495,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3 SI coherent measurement unit for volume. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre CubicMetre @@ -535,6 +537,7 @@ Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology. + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2 SI coherent measurement unit for area. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre SquareMetre @@ -607,6 +610,7 @@ Wikipedia + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M SI coherent measurement unit for torque. http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule. @@ -735,7 +739,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). Measurement unit for electric dipole moment. - ColumnMetre + CoulombMetre @@ -792,6 +796,7 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). g + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680 diff --git a/top/annotations.owl b/top/annotations.owl index 24c3dbbc..5401baaa 100644 --- a/top/annotations.owl +++ b/top/annotations.owl @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html qudtEntry @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/. - http://www.electropedia.org/ + http://www.electropedia.org/ IECEntry @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ dbpediaEntry @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it 3‑1.1 (refers to length) Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en ISO80000Ref @@ -147,11 +147,23 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it + + + + URL to CODATA Internationally recommended 2018 values of physical constants. + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html + codataEntry + + + + + + URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) - https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl + https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl bdoMatch @@ -196,8 +208,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM omMatch @@ -209,7 +221,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ iupacEntry From 1aa362c477c1e81bd664dfa862feebfabad2c3da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2020 11:59:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 138/141] Readded dimensionality to DimensionOne --- middle/metrology.owl | 6 ++++++ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+) diff --git a/middle/metrology.owl b/middle/metrology.owl index c42f83af..3f8f6fa6 100644 --- a/middle/metrology.owl +++ b/middle/metrology.owl @@ -236,6 +236,12 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properti + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." SI Brochure From 579e65a19f3e2d1ba7ede8c3746cd6e525e57400 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2020 12:19:23 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 139/141] Removed reference to outdated DBpedia definition. --- middle/isq.owl | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 8a6ab312..00bd7329 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -312,7 +312,6 @@ See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. From e377f0fdbb05b2f4d8e1c7bd2d641ee4312e6c7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Emanuele Ghedini Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2020 17:14:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 140/141] Removed hasProperty Axioms --- emmo-inferred.owl | 21032 -------------------------------------------- middle/isq.owl | 88 - 2 files changed, 21120 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 emmo-inferred.owl diff --git a/emmo-inferred.owl b/emmo-inferred.owl deleted file mode 100644 index 77e2cdbd..00000000 --- a/emmo-inferred.owl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21032 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Emanuele Ghedini (University of Bologna, IT) -Gerhard Goldbeck (GCL Ltd, UK) -Adham Hashibon (Fraunhofer IWM, DE) -Georg Schmitz (Access, DE) -Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO) - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) - -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode - The European Materials Modelling Ontology - -Version 1.0.0-alpha2 - Contacts: -Gerhard Goldbeck -Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) -email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com - -Emanuele Ghedini -University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini - Contacts: -Gerhard Goldbeck -Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) -email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com - -Emanuele Ghedini -University of Bologna (IT) -email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it - The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege). - European Materials and Modelling Ontology (EMMO) - -EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. - -It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. - - - - - - - - - - - - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtMatch - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - - - - - - - - altLabel - - - - - - - - license - - - - - - - - URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia. - dbpediaMatch - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - - - - - - - - definition - - - - - - - - elucidation - - - - - - - - example - - - - - - - - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaEntry - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - - - - - - - - author - - - - - - - - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacDoi - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The relation between a process and an object participating to it. - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it. - Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - hasParticipant - - - - - - - - - - hasProperParticipant - - - - - - - - - - - hasVariable - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferenceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasQuantityValue - - - - - - - - - - hasPhysicsDimension - - - - - - - - - hasModel - - - - - - - - - - - hasProperty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasTemporalDirectPart - - - - - - - - - - - - hasSpatioTemporalDirectPart - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasSpatialDirectPart - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The superclass of all EMMO mereotopological relations. - Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc. - mereotopological - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasPart - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasContactWith - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - disconnected - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Causality is a topological property between connected items. - Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or "interaction" between them. - connected - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasMember - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enclosure is reflexive and transitive. - encloses - - - - - - - - - - hasProperPart - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - overcrosses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasOverlapWith - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The superclass of all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - - - - - - - - - - - - A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole. - hasSpatioTemporalPart - - - - - - - - - - - - A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval. - hasTemporalPart - - - - - - - - - - - - A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part). - hasSpatialPart - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - - - - - - - - - - hasIndex - - - - - - - - - - hasIcon - - - - - - - - - - - hasSign - - - - - - - - - - hasInterpretant - - - - - - - - - - hasConvention - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasNumericalData - - - - - - - - - - - hasSymbolData - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective, meaning that the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its spatial parts (participants) without going further into its subparts. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy, assigning a role to the whole. - -Meaning that a molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule). - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire") - Holistic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A temporal part of a 'physical' that identifies a particular type of evolution in time. - A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time. - A 'Process' is defined as a temporal part of a 'Physical' that is categorized according to an EMMO user that recognizes a particular type of evolution in time of the real world object. - -Following the common definition of process, every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. - -However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist. - -A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist, i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason. - Process - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - Participant - - - - - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricInductance - http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - Inductance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics) - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - Power - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensityDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Charge - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - ElectricCharge - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - ISQBaseQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - Force - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - - - - - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CubicTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DimensionOne - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - MagneticFlux - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - DoseEquivalent - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerTemperatureSquareTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Voltage - http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - ElectricPotential - - - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LengthPerTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - Pressure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_intensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - - - - - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PerTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassPerLengthSquareTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassLengthPerSquareTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeSquareCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensityCubicTimePerMassLengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensityPerSquareLengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Temperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - CelsiusTemperature - - - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeSquareCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Amount_of_substance - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - AmountOfSubstance - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - Frequency - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - Radioactivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Absorbed_dose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - AbsorbedDose - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_field - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - Often denoted B. - MagneticFluxDensity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCapacitance - http://dbpedia.org/page/Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - Capacitance - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TemperatureDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TimeCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PerAmountDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Thermodynamic_temperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - ThermodynamicTemperature - - - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - QuarticTimeSquareCurrentPerMassSquareLengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - Illuminance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - CatalyticActivity - - - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerCubicTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_current - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - ElectricCurrent - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - Length - - - - - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AmountPerTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Time - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - Time - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - LuminousFlux - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AmountDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - SolidAngle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Resistance - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - ElectricResistance - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassPerSquareTimeCurrentDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - Mass - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantities declared under the ISO 8000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://dbpedia.org/page/Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - Angle - - - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MassSquareLengthPerSquareTimeDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Conductance - http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - ElectricConductance - - - - - - - - - - - Component - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been manufacturedfor a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. - The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use. - Engineered - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - System - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons. - ElectronCloud - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A union of the four base classes for the classification of materials according to the DG-RTD Review of Materials Modelling. - MaterialState - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/e0845ae1-1b60-11e7-aeb3-01aa75ed71a1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - StandaloneAtom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H20, C6H12O6, CH4 - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. - -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. - -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. - -e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - Molecule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subatomic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, - Fluid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - Continuum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Proton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Neutron - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleus - - - - - - - - - - - Vector - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 - Inequality - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Real - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix. - x -k - Variable - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A numerical data value. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - -A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - Number - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Boolean - - - - - - - - - - - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematica string that can be evaluated as true or false. - Formula - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2+2 - ArithmeticExpression - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant. - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - Constant - - - - - - - - - - - viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - Equation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Integer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - - - - - - - - - - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - Unknown - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Number' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. - -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). - -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. - -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properties (semiotics). - ReferenceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - μ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - μ - GreekSmallLetterMu - - - - - - - - - - - A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A - LatinCapitalLetterA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - UnitSymbol - - - - - - - - - - - µ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - µ - MicroUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - - - - - - - - - - - A unit that does not belong to any system of units. - eV -barn - OffSystemUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - UnitOne - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MultipleUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - - - - - - - - - - - A symbolic object used in metrology. - This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts. - Metrological - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit. - All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - -dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. -(SI brochure) - The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. -ISO 80000-1 - The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this: - -Ta Lb Mc Id Θe Nf Jg - -where a, b, c, d, e, f and g are 0 or signed integers. - -Regex for the physical dimension symbol for the EMMO is: -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: -mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 -s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 -A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PhysicsDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SubMultipleUnit - - - - - - - - - - - m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m - LatinSmallLetterM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - StandardUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law. - -The numerical quantity value of the 'MeasurementUnit' is conventionally 1 and does not appear. - -Quantitative measurement results are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'. - -SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, considers a SI quantity as a SI quantity value, collapsing the two concepts into one: the 'Quantity'. - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a 'MeasurementUnit', while the string "1 kg" is 'Physical Quantity'. - MeasurementUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - ProcedureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a - LatinSmallLetterA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UTF8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - U+0020 - Space - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - -However, a quantitative property is always a quantity. - Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). - -The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects and then collapses the two concepts of SI quantity and SI quantity value into a single one: the 'Quantity'. - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - -While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'. - Quantity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. - -The Schrodinger equation. - -The Navier-Stokes equation. - PhysicsEquation - - - - - - - - - - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomena relevant for the ontologist. - PhysicalPhenomenon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - - - - - - - - - - - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. - ElectronicModel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - - - - - - - - - - - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. - -A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model). - A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception. - Model - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalLaw - - - - - - - - - - - A computational model that uses data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system. - DataBasedModel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - PhysicsBasedModel - - - - - - - - - - - NaturalLaw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. - -A force field. - -An Hamiltonian. - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - MaterialRelation - - - - - - - - - - - MaterialLaw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - MathematicalModel - - - - - - - - - - - An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat - Symbolic - - - - - - - - - - - 0-manifold - - - - - - - - - - - 1-manifold - - - - - - - - - - - A 'acoustical' that can be categorized as music by the ontologist. - A music score is not a 'music' individual. - -A music score is a 'graphical' that can stand for a 'music' (or vice versa) since it comes through a different perception mechanism. - -The 'music' individual is the sound itself as produced and delivered by a source in the form of sound wave through a medium. - Music - - - - - - - - - - - Curve - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language. - A drawing of a cat. -A circle on a paper sheet. -The Mona Lisa. - Pictorial - - - - - - - - - - - Plane - - - - - - - - - - - Point - - - - - - - - - - - Line - - - - - - - - - - - 3-manifold - - - - - - - - - - - An 'impression' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound. - 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear. - Acoustical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - String - - - - - - - - - - - EuclideanSpace - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human). - A line scratched on a surface. -A sound. -A smell. -The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical). - The meta-semiotic process: -I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Impression' class. This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world. - -The semiotic process within EMMO: -My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant". -I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical impression individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Impression' - - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. - 'Perceptual' includes real world objects that: -- are part of a communication system (e.g. words, speech, alphabets) -- are not part of a communication system, but can be identified and referred by an interpreter - A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. - -A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist through the EMMO. - From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”). - This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent). - -A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). - -However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). - Perceptual - - - - - - - - - - - Speech - - - - - - - - - - - Torus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - SymbolicComposition - - - - - - - - - - - Noise - - - - - - - - - - - 2-manifold - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark. - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. - -A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols - -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - Symbol - - - - - - - - - - - Circle - - - - - - - - - - - A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept. - A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. - -This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by: -a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' -b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object -c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' - -The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings. - Geometrical - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Phenomenic' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer. - 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ... - From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve. - Graphical - - - - - - - - - - - Sphere - - - - - - - - - - - A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass. - Massive - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts. - Vacuum - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' that stands for a real world object that represents an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) that constitute (is part of) a more comprehensive real world object. - The definition states that a 'Material' is a portion of a real world object, being that a full functional device or component, or a sample made of that material (or the sample itself). - Material - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts. - Matter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions. - The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. - -Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons). - Field - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles. - Electron - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from physics. - Physicalistic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity. - ElementaryParticle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass. - Massless - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Observation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Observer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. - The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - SubjectiveProperty - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference. - Measurement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasuredQuantitativeProperty - - - - - - - - - - - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered - -A color is a nominal property. - -Sex of a human being. - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - NominalProperty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'. - -(A property is always a partial representation of an 'Object' since it reflects the 'Object' capability to be part of a specific 'Observation' process) - Hardness is a subclass of properties. - -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer. - -An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) - -Stating that an entity E has_property C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). - -This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. - -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way. - -e.g. "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. - We know real world entities through observation/perception. - -A non-perceivable real world entity does not exist (or it exists on a plane of existance that has no intersection with us and we can say nothing about it). - -Perception/observation of a real wolrd entity occurs when the entity stimulate an observer in a peculiar way through a well defined perception channel. - -For this reason each property is related to a specific observation process which involves a specific observer with its own perception mechanisms. - -The observation process (e.g. a look, a photo shot, a measurement) is performed by an observer (e.g. you, a camera, an instrument) through a specific perception mechanism (e.g. retina impression, CMOS excitation, piezoelectric sensor activation) and involves an observed entity. - -An observation is a semiotic process, since it stimulate an interpretant within the interpreter who can communicate the perception result to other interpreters through a sign which is the property. - -Property subclasses are specializations that depend on the type of observation processes. - -e.g. the property 'colour' is related to a process that involves emission or interaction of photon and an observer who can perceive electromagnetic radiation in the visible frequency range. - -Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette or RGB). - Property - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ModelledQuantitativeProperty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - ConventionalQuantitativeProperty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process. - "A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference" -ISO 80000-1 - -"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. - -A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. - -For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units. - Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - QuantitativeProperty - - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementInstrument - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary). - -Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy). - Reductionistic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. - -A 'State' can always be direct partitioned in 'Elementary'-s and 'Void' or 'Physical'. - -e.g. the water in my glass can be seen as a single object without declaring direct parts, or as made of H2O molecules direct parts. - The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant. - -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the 'State' direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - -There is no change in granularity or cardinality of direct parts of a 'State'. - -The use of spatial direct parthood in 'State' definition means that a 'State' cannot overlap in space another 'State'. - The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. - -A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense that its direct parts do not appear or disappear within its lifetime as it can be for a generic 'Existent'. - There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. - -The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole. - State - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist can provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - Existent - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696 - Measurement unit for absorbed dose. - Gray - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-12 - - - - - - - - p - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pico - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656 - Measurement unit for power. - Watt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-1 - - - - - - - - d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deci - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one. - m/s -kg/m^3 - This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only. - SICoherentDerivedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_AvogadroConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - AvogadroConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e1 - - - - - - - - da - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deka - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e2 - - - - - - - - h - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hecto - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-15 - - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Femto - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-21 - - - - - - - - z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zepto - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - K - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K - The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374 - Kelvin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC - The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513 - Second - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SIUnitSymbol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372 - Measurement unit for catalytic activity. - Katal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The base units in the SI system. - SIBaseUnit - https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e12 - - - - - - - - T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tera - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-18 - - - - - - - - a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Atto - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e15 - - - - - - - - P - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Peta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SIMetricPrefix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_ElementaryCharge - http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - ElementaryCharge - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ω - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280 - Measurement unit for resistance. - Ohm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e18 - - - - - - - - E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Exa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e6 - - - - - - - - M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mega - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one. - SINonCoherentDerivedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365 - Measurement unit for electric charge. - Coulomb - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units. - SICoherentUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e3 - - - - - - - - k - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kilo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_PlankConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Planck_constant - The quantum of action. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - PlanckConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M - The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884 - Metre - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SINonCoherentUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363 - Measurement unit for energy. - Joule - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - cd - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD - The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787 - Candela - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed_of_light - The speed of light in vacuum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM - The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391 - Kilogram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-6 - - - - - - - - µ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Micro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD - Measure of plane angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036 - Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle. - Radian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-3 - - - - - - - - m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Milli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442 - Measurement unit for pressure. - Pascal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e9 - - - - - - - - G - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Giga - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320 - Measurement unit for electric capacitance. - Farad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135 - Measurement unit for force. - Newton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283 - Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction. - Tesla - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - °C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561 - Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences. - DegreeCelsius - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-2 - - - - - - - - c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Centi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bq - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ - Radioactive decays per second. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624 - Unit for radioactive activity. - Becquerel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - sr - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR - Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971 - Steradian - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix. - The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system. - SIPrefixedUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639 - Measurement unit for luminous flux. - Lumen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wb - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666 - Measurement unit for magnetic flux. - Weber - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lx - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651 - Measurement unit for illuminance. - Lux - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e21 - - - - - - - - Z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zetta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A - The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300 - Ampere - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658 - Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. - -Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy. - Sievert - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - mol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL - The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980 - Mole - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-9 - - - - - - - - n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nano - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634 - Measurement unit for voltage. - Volt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785 - Measurement unit for frequence. - Hertz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e24 - - - - - - - - Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yotta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units - These units are SI coherent by definition. - SISpecialUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measurement unit for electrical conductance. - Siemens - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1e-24 - - - - - - - - y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yocto - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782 - Measurement unit for electrical inductance. - Henry - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ. - The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes. - SIUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/CODATA-Value_BoltzmannConstant - http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which that only objective categorization is provide by the Universe individual and all the 'Elementary' individuals. - -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - - - - - - - - - - - Δ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Laplacian - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2x+3 - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - - - - - - - - - - - Matrix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Exponent - - - - - - - - - - - Array - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) - DefiningEquation - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Multiplication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AlgebricOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - FunctionDefinition - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - - - - - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - Plus - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - Polynomial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 * a - b = c - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - - - - - - - - - - - / - - - - - - - - Division - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 + 1 = 2 - ArithmeticEquation - - - - - - - - - - - ∇ - - - - - - Gradient - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalOperator - - - - - - - - - - - DifferentialOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object. - A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. - -A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation. - -An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). - Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'. - -A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'. - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion. - Collection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space. - For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). - -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. - -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. - A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. - -To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology. - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as;", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900. - Quantum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects. - 'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). - -The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items). - -Disjointness means that a 'Collection' individual cannot be an 'Item' individual and viceversa, representing the fact that a real world object cannot be self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime). - -A real world object is then a 4D topological sub-region of the universe. - -A universe sub-region is isolated and defined as a real world object by the ontologist. Then, through a semiotic process that occurs at meta-ontological level (i.e. outside the ontology). an EMMO ontology entity (e.g. an OWL individual) is assigned to represent that real world object. - -The fundamental distinction between real world objects, upon which the EMMO is based, is self-connectedness: a real world object can be self-connected xor not self-connected. - In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach. - Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts. - -Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referred by an 'EMMO' individual, i.e. every part of a real world object always retains its 4D dimensionality. - -The smallest part of a real world object (i.e. a part that has no proper parts) is referred in the EMMO by a 'Quantum' individual. - -It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4D (e.g. surfaces, lines) do not exist. - EMMO - - - - - - - - - - - - - A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). - -Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected. - An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). - -In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. - -All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. - -Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole. - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - Item - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level. - According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). - -Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. - -However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model. - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”) - While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle. - Elementary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts. - From Latin vacuus, “empty”. - Void - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time). - A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. - -A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived. - -Perception is a subcategory of physical interactions. It is an interaction that stimulate a representation of the physical object within the ontologist (the agent). - A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts. - -A 'Physical' may include as part also the 'Void' surrounding or enclosed by its 'Physical' sub parts. - -There are no particular criteria for 'Physical'-s structure, except that is made of some 'Elementary'-s as proper parts and not only 'Void'. - -This is done in order to take into account the quantum nature of physical systems, in which the actual position of sub-components (e.g. electrons in an atom) is not known except for its probability distribution function (according to the Copenhagen interpretation.) - -e.g. a real world object that has spatial parts an atom and a cubic light year of void, extending for some time, can be a physical object. - A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class. - -It follows from the fact that perception is always unfolding in time. - -e.g. you always have an aperture time when you take a picture or measure a property. Instantaneous perceptions are idealizations (abstractions) or a very small time measurement. - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). - -Here the word relates to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete. - In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions. - The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models. - -Classical mechanics poses no representational issues, for the EMMO: the 4D representation of 'Physical'-s is consistent with classical physics systems. - -However, the representation of 'Physical'-s that are typically analized through quantum mechanics (e.g. molecules, atoms, clusters), is not straightforward. - -1) De Broglie - Bohm interpretation -The most simple approach is to rely on Bohmian mechanics, in which each particle is supposed to exists in a specific position between measurements (hidden variables approach), while its trajectory is calculated using a Guiding Equation based on a quantum field calculated with the Schroedinger Equation. - -While this approach is really easy to implement in an ontology, since each entity has its own well defined 4D region, its mathematical representation failed to receive large consensus due to the difficulties to include relativistic effects, to be extended to subnuclear scale and the strong non-locality assumtpion of the quantum field. - -Nevertheless, the Bohmian mechanics is a numerical approach that is used in electronic models to reduce the computational effort of the solution of Schroedinger Equation. - -In practice, an EMMO user can declare a 'physical' individual that stand for the whole quantum system to be described, and at the same time all sub-parts individuals can be declared, having them a well defined position in time, according to De Broglie - Bohm interpretation. The Hamiltonian can be calculated by considering the sub-part individuals. - -'physical'-s are then made of 'physical' parts and 'void' parts that stand for the space between 'physical'-s (e.g. the void between electrons and nucleus in an atom). - -2) Copenhagen interpretation -In this interpretation the properties (e.g. energy level, position, spin) of a particle are not defined in the interval between two measurements and the quantum system is entangled (i.e. properties of particles in the sysyem are correlated) and described by a global wavefunction obtained solving the Schroedinger Equation. - -Upon measurement, the wavefunction collapses to a combination of close eigenstates that provide information about bservables of the system components (e.g. position, energy). - -The EMMO can be used to represent 'physical'-s that can be related to Copenhagen based models. In practice, the user should follow these steps: - -a) define the quantum system as a 'physical' individual (e.g. an H2 molecule) under a specific class (e.g. 'h2_molecule'). This individual is the whole. - -b) define the axioms of the class that describe how many sub-parts are expected for the whole and their class types (e.g. 'h2_molecule' has axioms 'has_proper_part exactly 2 electron' and 'has_proper_part exactly 2 nucleus) - -c) the user can now connect the whole to a Schroedinger equation based model whose Hamiltonian is calculated trough the information coming only from the axioms. No individuals are declared for the subparts! - -d) a measurement done on the quantum system that provides information on the sub-part observables is interpreted as wavefunction collapse and leads to the end of the whole and the declaration of the sub-parts individuals which can be themselves other quantum systems - -e.g. if the outer electron of the H2 molecule interacts with another entity defining its state, then the whole that stands for the entangled H2 molecule becomes a 'physical' made of an electron individual, a quantum system made of one electron and two nuclei and the void between them. - -e.g. in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation the user represent the atom by un-entangling nucleus and electronic cloud. The un-entanglement comes in the form of declaration of individual as parts. - -e.g. the double slit experiment can be represent in the EMMO as: -a) before the slit: a 'physical' that extend in space and has parts 'electron' and 'void', called 'single_electron_wave_function'. 'electron' and 'void' are only in the axioms and not decalred individuals. -b) during slit passage: a 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. -c) after the slit: again 'single_electron_wave_function' -d) upon collision with the detector: 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. - The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch. - -More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'. - -e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter. - Physical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - Semiosis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - Interpreter - - - - - - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - Index - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - - - - - - - - - The object, in Peirce semiotics. - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - Object - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - Sign - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - Semiotic - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - -An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - Three subtypes of icon are possible: - -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) - -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) - -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else - -[Wikipedia] - Icon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Universe - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 2 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl - bdoMatch - URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO) - - - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure - omMatch - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - - - - - - - diff --git a/middle/isq.owl b/middle/isq.owl index 00bd7329..0880a267 100644 --- a/middle/isq.owl +++ b/middle/isq.owl @@ -2095,94 +2095,6 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. BoltzmannConstant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - From f0236fcb996f31048d046d923247ea7c3dad1426 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesper Friis Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2020 18:05:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 141/141] Fixed typo in github action yaml file --- .github/workflows/update_pages.yml | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml b/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml index 726695c9..f2e84fb2 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/update_pages.yml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -name: Update GitHub Pages with generated documentation and inferred ontology +name: Update GitHub Pages on: push: @@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ jobs: - name: Update GitHub Pages run: | - .github/pages/scripts/update_pages.sh + .github/scripts/update_pages.sh