diff --git a/disciplines/materials.ttl b/disciplines/materials.ttl index f6e34516..f8b651ab 100644 --- a/disciplines/materials.ttl +++ b/disciplines/materials.ttl @@ -52,22 +52,46 @@ owl:qualifiedCardinality rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . # Classes ################################################################# +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 +:EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 ; + skos:prefLabel "Gas"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume."@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0afc19b0_2d43_4b3d_8da0_9ffb63bc1492 :EMMO_0afc19b0_2d43_4b3d_8da0_9ffb63bc1492 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:altLabel "NonCrystallineMaterial"@en ; skos:prefLabel "AmorphousMaterial"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c +:EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe + :EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd + :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 + ) ; + skos:prefLabel "Dispersion"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase."@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 :EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_f1025834_0cd2_42a1_bfeb_13bec41c8655 ; + skos:prefLabel "Crystal"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)""" ; - skos:prefLabel "Crystal"@en . +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)""" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en + ] . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; @@ -81,29 +105,208 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI ] . + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 +:EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a + ] ; + skos:prefLabel "PhaseHeterogeneousMixture"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 +:EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c ; + skos:prefLabel "PhaseHomogeneousMixture"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A single phase mixture."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12a9a254_9791_4a00_b045_f397bc3ab2bc +:EMMO_12a9a254_9791_4a00_b045_f397bc3ab2bc rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 + :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + skos:prefLabel "GasMixture"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 +:EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 ; + skos:prefLabel "Foam"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe +:EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 ; + rdfs:comment "Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Solution"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd +:EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba + :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 + ) + ] ; + skos:prefLabel "CondensedMatter"@en ; + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en . + [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; - :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en + owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd ; + owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; + :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en ] . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 +:EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:example "Granite, sand, dried concrete."@en ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidSolidSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase."@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2fd3f574_5e93_47fe_afca_ed80b0a21ab4 :EMMO_2fd3f574_5e93_47fe_afca_ed80b0a21ab4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_4588526f_8553_4f4d_aa73_a483e88d599b :EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b ) ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms."@en ; rdfs:comment "A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "StandaloneAtom"@en . + skos:prefLabel "StandaloneAtom"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 +:EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 ; + skos:prefLabel "Sol"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 +:EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidLiquidSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_39348191_08fd_4bb6_9b1e_012d5b2f1ff6 +:EMMO_39348191_08fd_4bb6_9b1e_012d5b2f1ff6 rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_0afc19b0_2d43_4b3d_8da0_9ffb63bc1492 + :EMMO_f1025834_0cd2_42a1_bfeb_13bec41c8655 + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_4c1f58cd_6e2c_48fb_8098_1cbb762abb05 + :EMMO_c5e9e390_8836_4440_b4fd_c906fdd4f438 + :EMMO_f678173d_f036_4df1_a86b_2894560be617 + :EMMO_fb27e6d6_159e_48a6_9c29_76dc31d8a860 + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; + skos:prefLabel "ClassicallyDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3995e22d_5720_4dcf_ba3b_d0ce03f514c6 +:EMMO_3995e22d_5720_4dcf_ba3b_d0ce03f514c6 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 , + :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:prefLabel "Gel"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_40e18c93_a1b5_49ff_b06a_d9d932d1fb65 +:EMMO_40e18c93_a1b5_49ff_b06a_d9d932d1fb65 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 , + :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:example "Mayonnaise, milk."@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Emulsion"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 +:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 , + :EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; + skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent any state of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , + "Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 +:EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:example "Sparkling water"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidGasSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4354ac74_7425_43ab_92e4_6dc19d1afee9 +:EMMO_4354ac74_7425_43ab_92e4_6dc19d1afee9 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 , + :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidSol"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4588526f_8553_4f4d_aa73_a483e88d599b :EMMO_4588526f_8553_4f4d_aa73_a483e88d599b rdf:type owl:Class ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom that has no net charge."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "NeutralAtom"@en . + skos:prefLabel "NeutralAtom"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom that has no net charge."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b +:EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidLiquidSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f +:EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a ; + skos:prefLabel "Spray"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd +:EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 + :EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 + :EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 + :EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b + :EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 + :EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 + :EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a + :EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 + ) ; + rdfs:comment "Suspensions show no significant effect on light."@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Suspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff +:EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe , + :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolution"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid solution made of two or more component substances."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c1f58cd_6e2c_48fb_8098_1cbb762abb05 @@ -111,37 +314,244 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)""" ; skos:prefLabel "MetallicMaterial"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af +:EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 ; + skos:prefLabel "Plasma"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4d604a13_d1f6_42fd_818f_d3138d5e308c +:EMMO_4d604a13_d1f6_42fd_818f_d3138d5e308c rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 ; + skos:prefLabel "Vapor"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 +:EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 , + :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 ; + skos:prefLabel "Aerosol"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a2af26d_99de_4e5e_b1cd_514be71420c3 +:EMMO_5a2af26d_99de_4e5e_b1cd_514be71420c3 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 ; + skos:prefLabel "Smoke"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5add9885_dc98_4fa5_8482_fdf9ba5e3889 +:EMMO_5add9885_dc98_4fa5_8482_fdf9ba5e3889 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 , + :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidSol"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5be9c137_325a_43d8_b7cd_ea93e7721c2d +:EMMO_5be9c137_325a_43d8_b7cd_ea93e7721c2d rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 + :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + skos:altLabel "GasMixture"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "GasSolution"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A gaseous solution made of more than one component type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cb107ba_7daa_46dd_8f9f_da22a6eac676 +:EMMO_5cb107ba_7daa_46dd_8f9f_da22a6eac676 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff ; + skos:prefLabel "AqueousSolution"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid solution in which the solvent is water."@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d659e25_a508_43ed_903c_3707c7c7cd4b :EMMO_5d659e25_a508_43ed_903c_3707c7c7cd4b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_e4e80813_f379_4091_b017_ee059811f806 ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "NanoMaterial"@en . + skos:prefLabel "NanoMaterial"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e77f00d_5c0a_44e7_baf1_2c2a4cb5b3ae +:EMMO_5e77f00d_5c0a_44e7_baf1_2c2a4cb5b3ae rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe , + :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidSolution"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solid solution made of two or more component substances."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 +:EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 rdf:type owl:Class ; + skos:prefLabel "MesoscopicSubstance"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a +:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; + skos:altLabel "Phase"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "PhaseOfMatter"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; + owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; + :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en + ] . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_68390bfb_e307_479d_8f78_d66d8773cb1d :EMMO_68390bfb_e307_479d_8f78_d66d8773cb1d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a96e2152_40e7_409c_a53a_fdb9f141eb6a ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "ReactiveMaterial"@en . + skos:prefLabel "ReactiveMaterial"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 +:EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 ; + skos:prefLabel "Colloid"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba +:EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 ; + skos:prefLabel "Liquid"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_75fe4fd1_0f7e_429b_b91d_59d248561bae :EMMO_75fe4fd1_0f7e_429b_b91d_59d248561bae rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "NaturalMaterial"@en . + skos:prefLabel "NaturalMaterial"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_77e2e601_5ecb_450b_b563_92f096997832 +:EMMO_77e2e601_5ecb_450b_b563_92f096997832 rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 + :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidMixture"@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8303a247_f9d9_4616_bdcd_f5cbd7b298e3 :EMMO_8303a247_f9d9_4616_bdcd_f5cbd7b298e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of."@en ; rdfs:comment """A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en , "The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic."@en , "This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "BondedAtom"@en . + skos:prefLabel "BondedAtom"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 +:EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 + :EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af + :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba + ) ; + skos:example "Gas, liquid, plasma,"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Fluid"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8820f251_ad36_43f4_a693_c0e86a89cc1f +:EMMO_8820f251_ad36_43f4_a693_c0e86a89cc1f rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; + skos:prefLabel "FunctionallyDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 +:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 rdf:type owl:Class ; + skos:prefLabel "ContinuumSubstance"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1"""@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant."@en , + """A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , + "A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 +:EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidAerosol"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 +:EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidAerosol"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9bed5d66_805a_4b3a_9153_beaf67143848 +:EMMO_9bed5d66_805a_4b3a_9153_beaf67143848 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 , + :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:example "Aerogel"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidFoam"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A foam of trapped gas in a solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 +:EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; + skos:prefLabel "Solid"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a96e2152_40e7_409c_a53a_fdb9f141eb6a +:EMMO_a96e2152_40e7_409c_a53a_fdb9f141eb6a rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; + skos:prefLabel "ChemicallyDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28 +:EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28 rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 + :EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af + :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba + :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 + ) ; + skos:prefLabel "StateOfMatter"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma."@en ; + :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 +:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 + :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 + ) . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 +:EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; + skos:prefLabel "SolidGasSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5e9e390_8836_4440_b4fd_c906fdd4f438 @@ -149,11 +559,63 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en , skos:prefLabel "CeramicMaterial"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 +:EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 ; + skos:example "Dust, sand storm."@en ; + skos:prefLabel "GasSolidSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d69d2e95_b22f_499a_a552_17fde0d778fc +:EMMO_d69d2e95_b22f_499a_a552_17fde0d778fc rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 , + :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidFoam"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A foam of trapped gas in a liquid."@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b :EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b rdf:type owl:Class ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number."@en ; rdfs:comment "The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "IonAtom"@en . + skos:prefLabel "IonAtom"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a +:EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 ; + skos:example "Rain, spray."@en ; + skos:prefLabel "GasLiquidSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4281979_2b07_4a43_a772_4903fb3696fe +:EMMO_e4281979_2b07_4a43_a772_4903fb3696fe rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 ; + skos:prefLabel "Dust"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4e80813_f379_4091_b017_ee059811f806 +:EMMO_e4e80813_f379_4091_b017_ee059811f806 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; + skos:prefLabel "SizeDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 +:EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; + skos:example "Mud"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolidSuspension"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c +:EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; + skos:prefLabel "Mixture"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f1025834_0cd2_42a1_bfeb_13bec41c8655 @@ -172,51 +634,12 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en , skos:prefLabel "PolymericMaterial"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a96e2152_40e7_409c_a53a_fdb9f141eb6a -:EMMO_a96e2152_40e7_409c_a53a_fdb9f141eb6a rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; - skos:prefLabel "ChemicallyDefinedMaterial"@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4e80813_f379_4091_b017_ee059811f806 -:EMMO_e4e80813_f379_4091_b017_ee059811f806 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; - skos:prefLabel "SizeDefinedMaterial"@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#39348191_08fd_4bb6_9b1e_012d5b2f1ff6 -:EMMO_39348191_08fd_4bb6_9b1e_012d5b2f1ff6 rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_0afc19b0_2d43_4b3d_8da0_9ffb63bc1492 - :EMMO_f1025834_0cd2_42a1_bfeb_13bec41c8655 - ) - ] , - [ rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_4c1f58cd_6e2c_48fb_8098_1cbb762abb05 - :EMMO_c5e9e390_8836_4440_b4fd_c906fdd4f438 - :EMMO_f678173d_f036_4df1_a86b_2894560be617 - :EMMO_fb27e6d6_159e_48a6_9c29_76dc31d8a860 - ) - ] ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; - skos:prefLabel "ClassicallyDefinedMaterial"@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#8820f251_ad36_43f4_a693_c0e86a89cc1f -:EMMO_8820f251_ad36_43f4_a693_c0e86a89cc1f rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 ; - skos:prefLabel "FunctionallyDefinedMaterial"@en . - - -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger - ] . - [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . @@ -226,7 +649,10 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.25.2023-02-15T19:15:49Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi +### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.26.2023-07-17T20:34:13Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi diff --git a/perspectives/physicalistic.ttl b/perspectives/physicalistic.ttl index 2f4cfdc6..9108520f 100644 --- a/perspectives/physicalistic.ttl +++ b/perspectives/physicalistic.ttl @@ -43,52 +43,10 @@ owl:qualifiedCardinality rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . # Classes ################################################################# -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 -:EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 ; - skos:prefLabel "Gas"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c -:EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe - :EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd - :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 - ) ; - skos:prefLabel "Dispersion"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 -:EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c , - [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty :EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a - ] ; - skos:prefLabel "PhaseHeterogeneousMixture"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter."""@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 -:EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c ; - skos:prefLabel "PhaseHomogeneousMixture"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A single phase mixture."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12a9a254_9791_4a00_b045_f397bc3ab2bc -:EMMO_12a9a254_9791_4a00_b045_f397bc3ab2bc rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 - :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c - ) ; - rdf:type owl:Class - ] ; - skos:prefLabel "GasMixture"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 +:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 + :EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 + ) . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12aae025_a226_4762_9d51_81200a8ce54c @@ -125,21 +83,6 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositeBoson"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 -:EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 ; - skos:prefLabel "Foam"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe -:EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 ; - rdfs:comment "Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "Solution"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a :EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 , @@ -155,24 +98,6 @@ Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or "This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered \"molecular\", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺)."@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd -:EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba - :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 - ) - ] ; - skos:prefLabel "CondensedMatter"@en ; - :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en . - -[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd ; - owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; - :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en - ] . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24dda193_ada8_433b_bb74_6ca4a0b89a20 :EMMO_24dda193_ada8_433b_bb74_6ca4a0b89a20 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 , @@ -198,21 +123,6 @@ spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neut skos:prefLabel "CompositeFermion"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 -:EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:example "Granite, sand, dried concrete."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidSolidSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 -:EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 ; - skos:prefLabel "Sol"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3275b6e9_05f1_4912_954f_7d64ac12b2d2 :EMMO_3275b6e9_05f1_4912_954f_7d64ac12b2d2 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScalarMeson"@en ; @@ -255,23 +165,16 @@ Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant)."""@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 -:EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidLiquidSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c - :EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 + :EMMO_801395f8_948e_4637_ac3b_5fcd587d72ca ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en . + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts as object according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal interacting systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are part of elementaries whose paths start and end within the entitiy. We call this causal convexity. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of a convex system, while a real photon that is the carrier of clasical electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. +A physical phenomenon is defined as a causally non-convex interacting system, complement of causally convex interacting system."""@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for causally convex interacting systems."@en . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; @@ -288,102 +191,6 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3995e22d_5720_4dcf_ba3b_d0ce03f514c6 -:EMMO_3995e22d_5720_4dcf_ba3b_d0ce03f514c6 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 , - :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:prefLabel "Gel"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_40e18c93_a1b5_49ff_b06a_d9d932d1fb65 -:EMMO_40e18c93_a1b5_49ff_b06a_d9d932d1fb65 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 , - :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:example "Mayonnaise, milk."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "Emulsion"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture)."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 -:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 , - :EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; - skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent any state of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , - "Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 -:EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:example "Sparkling water"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidGasSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4354ac74_7425_43ab_92e4_6dc19d1afee9 -:EMMO_4354ac74_7425_43ab_92e4_6dc19d1afee9 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 , - :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidSol"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b -:EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidLiquidSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f -:EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a ; - skos:prefLabel "Spray"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd -:EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 - :EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 - :EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 - :EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b - :EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 - :EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 - :EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a - :EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 - ) ; - rdfs:comment "Suspensions show no significant effect on light."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "Suspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff -:EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe , - :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolution"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid solution made of two or more component substances."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af -:EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 ; - skos:prefLabel "Plasma"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4d604a13_d1f6_42fd_818f_d3138d5e308c -:EMMO_4d604a13_d1f6_42fd_818f_d3138d5e308c rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 ; - skos:prefLabel "Vapor"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d :EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; @@ -416,35 +223,13 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 -:EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 , - :EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 ; - skos:prefLabel "Aerosol"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c :EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite physical object is made of bonded objects (i.e. characterised by their quantum states using a Schrodinger equation approach) that are connected together by elementary particles travelling between them. These elemenentary particles are real particles, describing the existance of a classical field (e.g. Coulomb potential between charged particles)."@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a2af26d_99de_4e5e_b1cd_514be71420c3 -:EMMO_5a2af26d_99de_4e5e_b1cd_514be71420c3 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 ; - skos:prefLabel "Smoke"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5add9885_dc98_4fa5_8482_fdf9ba5e3889 -:EMMO_5add9885_dc98_4fa5_8482_fdf9ba5e3889 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 , - :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidSol"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 :EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; @@ -456,10 +241,10 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en ; :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """The interpretation of the term \"matter\" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term \"matter\", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term \"matter\". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call \"matter\" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons) requiring their presence, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions."@en , + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects that have some fermionic quantum parts."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A matter entity requires the presence of fermions without excluding the presence of real or virtual fundamental bosons parts that are responsible for the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions."@en , "Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction."@en . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; @@ -470,64 +255,11 @@ Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; ] . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5be9c137_325a_43d8_b7cd_ea93e7721c2d -:EMMO_5be9c137_325a_43d8_b7cd_ea93e7721c2d rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 - :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe - ) ; - rdf:type owl:Class - ] ; - skos:altLabel "GasMixture"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "GasSolution"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A gaseous solution made of more than one component type."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cb107ba_7daa_46dd_8f9f_da22a6eac676 -:EMMO_5cb107ba_7daa_46dd_8f9f_da22a6eac676 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff ; - skos:prefLabel "AqueousSolution"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid solution in which the solvent is water."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e77f00d_5c0a_44e7_baf1_2c2a4cb5b3ae -:EMMO_5e77f00d_5c0a_44e7_baf1_2c2a4cb5b3ae rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe , - :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidSolution"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solid solution made of two or more component substances."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 -:EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "MesoscopicSubstance"@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a -:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; - skos:altLabel "Phase"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "PhaseOfMatter"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en . - -[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; - owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; - :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en - ] . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 -:EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 ; - skos:prefLabel "Colloid"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light."@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 +:EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:seeAlso :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; + skos:prefLabel "PhysicalPhenomenon"@en ; + :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for causally non-convex interacting systems."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 @@ -537,23 +269,6 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba -:EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 ; - skos:prefLabel "Liquid"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_77e2e601_5ecb_450b_b563_92f096997832 -:EMMO_77e2e601_5ecb_450b_b563_92f096997832 rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 - :EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c - ) ; - rdf:type owl:Class - ] ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidMixture"@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7b42954f_0b91_4b3a_a65e_2470202cf548 :EMMO_7b42954f_0b91_4b3a_a65e_2470202cf548 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; @@ -568,39 +283,22 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 -:EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 - :EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af - :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba - ) ; - skos:example "Gas, liquid, plasma,"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "Fluid"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 -:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "ContinuumSubstance"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1"""@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant."@en , - """A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , - "A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity."@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_801395f8_948e_4637_ac3b_5fcd587d72ca +:EMMO_801395f8_948e_4637_ac3b_5fcd587d72ca rdf:type owl:Class ; + skos:prefLabel "BondedObject"@en ; + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A bonded object is a sequence of fundamental interactions that can be described approximatively by Schrodinger formulation. A bonded object is typically characterised by having quantum states (e.g. electron states in an atom, energy levels of a molecule). Furthermore, a bonded object is made of elementary particles that travels from the beginning to the end of the entity (i.e. a bonded object doesn't change its components)."@en ; + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """\"... in the 'classical' picture ordinary matter is made of atoms, in which electrons are held in orbit around a nucleus of protons and neutrons by the electrical attraction of opposite charges. We can now give this model a more sophisticated formulation by attributing the binding force to the exchange of photons between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus. However, for the purposes of atomic physics this is overkill, for in this context quantization of the electromagnetic field produces only minute effects (notably the Lamb shift and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron). To excellent approximation we can pretend that the forces are given by Coulomb's law (together with various magnetic dipole couplings). The point is that in a bound state enormous numbers of photons are continually streaming back and forth, so that the \"lumpiness\" of the field is effectively smoothed out, and classical electrodynamics is a suitable approximation to the truth. But in most elementary particle processes, such as the photoelectric effect or Compton scattering, individual photons are involved, and quantization can no longer be ignored.\" +D. Griffiths, \"Introduction to elementary Particles\", Wiley-VCH, 2004, pp.16-17"""@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 :EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; + rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_801395f8_948e_4637_ac3b_5fcd587d72ca ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 :EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; - skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; - :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en . + skos:prefLabel "BondedParticle"@en ; + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite particle is a bonded particle for which it is possible to clearly define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. The term particle is then reserved for entities whose fermionic or bosonic nature is clearly defined."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217 @@ -610,29 +308,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 -:EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidAerosol"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 -:EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidAerosol"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9bed5d66_805a_4b3a_9153_beaf67143848 -:EMMO_9bed5d66_805a_4b3a_9153_beaf67143848 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 , - :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:example "Aerogel"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidFoam"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A foam of trapped gas in a solid."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb :EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e @@ -652,19 +327,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , ] . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 -:EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; - skos:prefLabel "Solid"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570 -:EMMO_b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570 owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 - :EMMO_fdae3f5a_8f8c_4875_a784_5beda43d3009 - ) . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 :EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 @@ -682,26 +344,10 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , ] . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28 -:EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28 rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 - :EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af - :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba - :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 - ) ; - skos:prefLabel "StateOfMatter"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma."@en ; - :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 :EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c , :EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 - :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 - ) ; skos:prefLabel "Substance"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." . @@ -728,29 +374,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 -:EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 ; - skos:prefLabel "SolidGasSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 -:EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 ; - skos:example "Dust, sand storm."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "GasSolidSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d69d2e95_b22f_499a_a552_17fde0d778fc -:EMMO_d69d2e95_b22f_499a_a552_17fde0d778fc rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 , - :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidFoam"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A foam of trapped gas in a liquid."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c :EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Neutron"@en ; @@ -767,29 +390,6 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A molecule composed of only one element type."@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a -:EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 ; - skos:example "Rain, spray."@en ; - skos:prefLabel "GasLiquidSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4281979_2b07_4a43_a772_4903fb3696fe -:EMMO_e4281979_2b07_4a43_a772_4903fb3696fe rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 ; - skos:prefLabel "Dust"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere."@en . - - -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 -:EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba ; - skos:example "Mud"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolidSuspension"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad :EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a , @@ -813,13 +413,6 @@ We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct par :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c -:EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ; - skos:prefLabel "Mixture"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 :EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 @@ -878,11 +471,6 @@ We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct par :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A meson with spin two."@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fdae3f5a_8f8c_4875_a784_5beda43d3009 -:EMMO_fdae3f5a_8f8c_4875_a784_5beda43d3009 rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "PhysicalyUnbonded"@en . - - [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . diff --git a/perspectives/standardmodel.ttl b/perspectives/standardmodel.ttl index c0d2f9c3..a67be172 100644 --- a/perspectives/standardmodel.ttl +++ b/perspectives/standardmodel.ttl @@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-rc1" . ################################################################# -# Classes +# Classes ################################################################# - + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e :EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "RightHandedParticle"@en . @@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 :EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 - :EMMO_b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570 - ) ; skos:prefLabel "InteractingSystem"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting."@en . @@ -61,9 +58,10 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b :EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "NonInteractingSystem"@en ; + skos:altLabel "NonInteractingSystem"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "ParticlesSystem"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork."@en ; - :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles."@en . + :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A physically unbounded system is a combination of elementary particles chains tha may include also decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 @@ -129,9 +127,8 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f2bfb9f_ecc6_46a0_9e41_2d6fcbf59e4b :EMMO_1f2bfb9f_ecc6_46a0_9e41_2d6fcbf59e4b rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ; skos:prefLabel "Collapse"@en ; - :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1."@en . + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A collapse is a fundamental interaction between m colliding particles that results in a single outgoing particle (inverse decay) that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f8f92a8_4cc9_4fa3_9b5f_d5af5bab4fd2 @@ -243,7 +240,7 @@ email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , :EMMO_50afa1a9_2c4e_40fd_aa93_0e33511f1f27 :EMMO_a9891fff_fa7a_4806_b7bd_786de7358e8d ) ; - skos:prefLabel "FundamentalParticleProcess"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "FundamentalPhysicalSystem"@en ; :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental)."""@en ; @@ -292,7 +289,6 @@ This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilati ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50afa1a9_2c4e_40fd_aa93_0e33511f1f27 :EMMO_50afa1a9_2c4e_40fd_aa93_0e33511f1f27 rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ; skos:prefLabel "Interaction"@en ; :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m,n>1"@en . @@ -311,12 +307,6 @@ This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilati skos:prefLabel "BlueCharmAntiQuark"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 -:EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "PhysicalPhenomena"@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e00b1db_48fc_445b_82e8_ab0e2255bf52 :EMMO_5e00b1db_48fc_445b_82e8_ab0e2255bf52 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "MultiParticlePath"@en ; @@ -594,20 +584,10 @@ For example, a path starting from an elementary photon, then through the electr :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 -:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "CausalConvexSystem"@en ; - :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a9891fff_fa7a_4806_b7bd_786de7358e8d :EMMO_a9891fff_fa7a_4806_b7bd_786de7358e8d rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ; skos:prefLabel "Decay"@en ; - :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A decay is a fundamental particle process that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n), when n>1."@en . + :EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A collapse is a fundamental process occurring to one particle that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n) with n>1, being n the number of outgoing particles."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ab5ba485_7c16_4c9e_b65e_4cb7560f8e8c @@ -639,16 +619,19 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph skos:prefLabel "TopAntiQuark"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b295158f_fda4_4124_ab58_d9ea4ccfca5a +:EMMO_b295158f_fda4_4124_ab58_d9ea4ccfca5a rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 + :EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b + ) ; + skos:prefLabel "GenericPhysicalSystem"@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b4abf29e_aab7_4c2f_af0b_536a92ef327f :EMMO_b4abf29e_aab7_4c2f_af0b_536a92ef327f rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AntiTau"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570 -:EMMO_b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570 rdf:type owl:Class ; - skos:prefLabel "PhysicallyInteractingConvex"@en . - - ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b57afc1a_93e9_43ba_b41f_9ec3598b4e46 :EMMO_b57afc1a_93e9_43ba_b41f_9ec3598b4e46 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "GreenUpQuark"@en . @@ -846,8 +829,8 @@ In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac -:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 - :EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b +:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac owl:disjointUnionOf ( :EMMO_43a4e80d_6ae9_45ed_8cfb_fd0a5339bf87 + :EMMO_b295158f_fda4_4124_ab58_d9ea4ccfca5a ) . @@ -982,4 +965,4 @@ For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between skos:prefLabel "GreenAntiQuark"@en . -### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.25.2023-02-15T19:15:49Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi +### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.26.2023-07-17T20:34:13Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi