diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml
index a3adb622..74b8a71d 100644
--- a/catalog-v001.xml
+++ b/catalog-v001.xml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
+
diff --git a/disciplines/catalog-v001.xml b/disciplines/catalog-v001.xml
index b01231b8..fa987840 100644
--- a/disciplines/catalog-v001.xml
+++ b/disciplines/catalog-v001.xml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
+
diff --git a/domain/catalog-v001.xml b/domain/catalog-v001.xml
index 548b904b..58ca64c3 100644
--- a/domain/catalog-v001.xml
+++ b/domain/catalog-v001.xml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
+
diff --git a/multiperspective/catalog-v001.xml b/multiperspective/catalog-v001.xml
index 8b7e7736..f1add6d3 100644
--- a/multiperspective/catalog-v001.xml
+++ b/multiperspective/catalog-v001.xml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
+
diff --git a/perspectives/catalog-v001.xml b/perspectives/catalog-v001.xml
index 997977ed..1274db6e 100644
--- a/perspectives/catalog-v001.xml
+++ b/perspectives/catalog-v001.xml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
+
diff --git a/perspectives/contrast.ttl b/perspectives/contrast.ttl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9cba3e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perspectives/contrast.ttl
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+@prefix : .
+@prefix owl: .
+@prefix rdf: .
+@prefix xml: .
+@prefix xsd: .
+@prefix rdfs: .
+@prefix skos: .
+@prefix dcterms: .
+@base .
+
+ rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
+ owl:versionIRI ;
+ owl:imports ;
+ dcterms:abstract ""@en ;
+ dcterms:contributor ,
+ ,
+ "Michael Noeske, FRAUNHOFER IFAM, DE"@en ;
+ dcterms:creator ,
+ ;
+ dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ;
+ dcterms:publisher ;
+ dcterms:title "Data"@en ;
+ rdfs:comment "The EMMO requires HermiT reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ;
+ owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-rc1" ;
+ :EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17 "emmo@emmc.eu" .
+
+#################################################################
+# Classes
+#################################################################
+
+### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660
+:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 rdf:type owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 ;
+ rdfs:seeAlso "Luciano Floridi, \"Information - A very Short Introduction\", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378"@en ;
+ skos:altLabel "Dedomena"@en ,
+ "Pattern"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Contrast"@en ;
+ :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties."@en ;
+ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted.
+A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states).
+How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data.
+Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning."""@en ,
+ "The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded."@en .
+
+[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ;
+ :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en
+ ] .
+
+
+### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490
+:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 rdf:type owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ;
+ owl:disjointWith :EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 ;
+ skos:altLabel "EncodedContrast"@en ,
+ "EncodedData"@en ;
+ skos:example """A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives.
+Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter).
+Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData.
+Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols.
+Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names)."""@en ,
+ "A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM."@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data"@en ;
+ :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule."@en ;
+ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist whould be placed.
+For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity.
+Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world."""@en ,
+ """Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules.
+Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective."""@en ,
+ """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data).
+We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ;
+ :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data"^^xsd:anyURI .
+
+[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ;
+ :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en
+ ] .
+
+[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
+ owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ;
+ owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ;
+ owl:annotatedTarget """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data).
+We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ;
+ skos:example "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en
+ ] .
+
+
+### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3
+:EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 rdf:type owl:Class ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ;
+ skos:altLabel "EnvironmentalData"@en ;
+ skos:example "A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star."@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "NonEncodedContrast"@en ;
+ :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it."@en ;
+ :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string \"today it's warmer than yesterday\") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process."@en ,
+ """This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains.
+It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact thaty can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected pehnomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data."""@en .
+
+
+### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.26.2023-07-17T20:34:13Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi
diff --git a/perspectives/data.ttl b/perspectives/data.ttl
index 0169ee5a..fcdbdf47 100644
--- a/perspectives/data.ttl
+++ b/perspectives/data.ttl
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
owl:versionIRI ;
- owl:imports ;
+ owl:imports ;
dcterms:abstract ""@en ;
dcterms:contributor ,
,
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
### http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1e1cfc11_aa1a_44d4_a8d0_31e26deb2d19
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ;
- skos:prefLabel "DataByQuantum"@en .
+ skos:prefLabel "DataByNature"@en .
### http://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c66ad523_3937_485e_91bb_ad488ddb373f
@@ -81,67 +81,6 @@
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Encoded data made of more than one datum."@en .
-### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660
-:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 rdf:type owl:Class ;
- rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 ;
- rdfs:seeAlso "Luciano Floridi, \"Information - A very Short Introduction\", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378"@en ;
- skos:altLabel "Dedomena"@en ,
- "Pattern"@en ;
- skos:prefLabel "Contrast"@en ;
- :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties."@en ;
- :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted.
-A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states).
-How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data.
-Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning."""@en ,
- "The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded."@en .
-
-[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
- owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ;
- owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ;
- owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ;
- :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en
- ] .
-
-
-### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490
-:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 rdf:type owl:Class ;
- rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ;
- owl:disjointWith :EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 ;
- skos:altLabel "EncodedContrast"@en ,
- "EncodedData"@en ;
- skos:example """A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives.
-Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter).
-Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData.
-Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols.
-Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names)."""@en ,
- "A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM."@en ;
- skos:prefLabel "Data"@en ;
- :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule."@en ;
- :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist whould be placed.
-For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity.
-Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world."""@en ,
- """Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules.
-Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective."""@en ,
- """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data).
-We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ;
- :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data"^^xsd:anyURI .
-
-[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
- owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ;
- owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ;
- owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ;
- :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en
- ] .
-
-[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
- owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ;
- owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ;
- owl:annotatedTarget """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data).
-We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ;
- skos:example "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en
- ] .
-
-
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a
:EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf ;
@@ -150,18 +89,6 @@ We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A self-consistent encoded data entity."@en .
-### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3
-:EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 rdf:type owl:Class ;
- rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ;
- skos:altLabel "EnvironmentalData"@en ;
- skos:example "A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star."@en ;
- skos:prefLabel "NonEncodedContrast"@en ;
- :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it."@en ;
- :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string \"today it's warmer than yesterday\") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process."@en ,
- """This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains.
-It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact thaty can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected pehnomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data."""@en .
-
-
### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc
:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf ;