diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/arg_parser_helpers.go b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/arg_parser_helpers.go
index 4adfc5bcef..e441a7a626 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/arg_parser_helpers.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/arg_parser_helpers.go
@@ -97,10 +97,11 @@ func CreateMergeArgParser() *argparser.ArgParser {
 }
 
 func CreateRebaseArgParser() *argparser.ArgParser {
-	ap := argparser.NewArgParserWithMaxArgs("merge", 1)
+	ap := argparser.NewArgParserWithMaxArgs("rebase", 1)
 	ap.TooManyArgsErrorFunc = func(receivedArgs []string) error {
 		return errors.New("rebase takes at most one positional argument.")
 	}
+	ap.SupportsString(EmptyParam, "", "empty", "How to handle commits that are not empty to start, but which become empty after rebasing. Valid values are: drop (default) or keep")
 	ap.SupportsFlag(AbortParam, "", "Abort an interactive rebase and return the working set to the pre-rebase state")
 	ap.SupportsFlag(ContinueFlag, "", "Continue an interactive rebase after adjusting the rebase plan")
 	ap.SupportsFlag(InteractiveFlag, "i", "Start an interactive rebase")
@@ -172,6 +173,9 @@ func CreateCheckoutArgParser() *argparser.ArgParser {
 func CreateCherryPickArgParser() *argparser.ArgParser {
 	ap := argparser.NewArgParserWithMaxArgs("cherrypick", 1)
 	ap.SupportsFlag(AbortParam, "", "Abort the current conflict resolution process, and revert all changes from the in-process cherry-pick operation.")
+	ap.SupportsFlag(AllowEmptyFlag, "", "Allow empty commits to be cherry-picked. "+
+		"Note that use of this option only keeps commits that were initially empty. "+
+		"Commits which become empty, due to a previous commit, will cause cherry-pick to fail.")
 	ap.TooManyArgsErrorFunc = func(receivedArgs []string) error {
 		return errors.New("cherry-picking multiple commits is not supported yet.")
 	}
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/cli_context.go b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/cli_context.go
index cae0f45e51..659608836e 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/cli_context.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/cli_context.go
@@ -27,7 +27,12 @@ import (
 
 // LateBindQueryist is a function that will be called the first time Queryist is needed for use. Input is a context which
 // is appropriate for the call to commence. Output is a Queryist, a sql.Context, a closer function, and an error.
-// The closer function is called when the Queryist is no longer needed, typically a defer right after getting it.
+//
+// The closer function is called when the Queryist is no longer needed, typically a defer right after getting it. If a nil
+// closer function is returned, then the caller knows that the queryist returned is being managed by another command. Effectively
+// this means you are running in another command's session. This is particularly interesting when running a \checkout in a
+// dolt sql session. It makes sense to do so in the context of `dolt sql`, but not in the context of `dolt checkout` when
+// connected to a remote server.
 type LateBindQueryist func(ctx context.Context) (Queryist, *sql.Context, func(), error)
 
 // CliContexct is used to pass top level command information down to subcommands.
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/flags.go b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/flags.go
index 441af53c0d..b059de50eb 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/flags.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/flags.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ const (
 	DeleteForceFlag      = "D"
 	DepthFlag            = "depth"
 	DryRunFlag           = "dry-run"
+	EmptyParam           = "empty"
 	ForceFlag            = "force"
 	GraphFlag            = "graph"
 	HardResetParam       = "hard"
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/messages.go b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/messages.go
index 58f57668db..db71cae941 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/cli/messages.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/cli/messages.go
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ package cli
 const (
 	// Single variable - the name of the command. `dolt <command>` is how the commandString is formatted in calls to the Exec method
 	// for dolt commands.
-	RemoteUnsupportedMsg = "%s can not currently be used when there is a local server running. Please stop your dolt sql-server and try again."
+	RemoteUnsupportedMsg = "%s can not currently be used when there is a local server running. Please stop your dolt sql-server or connect using `dolt sql` instead."
 )
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/checkout.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/checkout.go
index 3b98236c53..c09631ab31 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/checkout.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/checkout.go
@@ -97,15 +97,17 @@ func (cmd CheckoutCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []strin
 	}
 	if closeFunc != nil {
 		defer closeFunc()
-	}
 
-	_, ok := queryEngine.(*engine.SqlEngine)
-	if !ok {
-		// Currently checkout does not fully support remote connections. Prevent them from being used until we have better
-		// CLI session support.
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf(cli.RemoteUnsupportedMsg, commandStr)
-		cli.Println(msg)
-		return 1
+		// We only check for this case when checkout is the first command in a session. The reason for this is that checkout
+		// when connected to a remote server will not work as it won't set the branch. But when operating within the context
+		// of another session, specifically a \checkout in a dolt sql session, this makes sense. Since no closeFunc would be
+		// returned, we don't need to check for this case.
+		_, ok := queryEngine.(*engine.SqlEngine)
+		if !ok {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf(cli.RemoteUnsupportedMsg, commandStr)
+			cli.Println(msg)
+			return 1
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Argument validation in the CLI is strictly nice to have. The stored procedure will do the same, but the errors
@@ -165,8 +167,8 @@ func (cmd CheckoutCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []strin
 		return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.BuildDError("no 'message' field in response from %s", sqlQuery).Build(), usage)
 	}
 
-	var message string
-	if message, ok = rows[0][1].(string); !ok {
+	message, ok := rows[0][1].(string)
+	if !ok {
 		return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.BuildDError("expected string value for 'message' field in response from %s ", sqlQuery).Build(), usage)
 	}
 
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/cherry-pick.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/cherry-pick.go
index 1414d4dbe1..d45272855e 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/cherry-pick.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/cherry-pick.go
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
-	"github.com/gocraft/dbr/v2"
-	"github.com/gocraft/dbr/v2/dialect"
 	"gopkg.in/src-d/go-errors.v1"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/cmd/dolt/cli"
@@ -122,11 +120,11 @@ func (cmd CherryPickCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []str
 		return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.BuildDError("cherry-picking multiple commits is not supported yet").SetPrintUsage().Build(), usage)
 	}
 
-	err = cherryPick(queryist, sqlCtx, apr)
+	err = cherryPick(queryist, sqlCtx, apr, args)
 	return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.VerboseErrorFromError(err), usage)
 }
 
-func cherryPick(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, apr *argparser.ArgParseResults) error {
+func cherryPick(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, apr *argparser.ArgParseResults, args []string) error {
 	cherryStr := apr.Arg(0)
 	if len(cherryStr) == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error: cannot cherry-pick empty string")
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ hint: commit your changes (dolt commit -am \"<message>\") or reset them (dolt re
 		return fmt.Errorf("error: failed to set @@dolt_force_transaction_commit: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	q, err := dbr.InterpolateForDialect("call dolt_cherry_pick(?)", []interface{}{cherryStr}, dialect.MySQL)
+	q, err := interpolateStoredProcedureCall("DOLT_CHERRY_PICK", args)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error: failed to interpolate query: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -200,7 +198,7 @@ hint: commit your changes (dolt commit -am \"<message>\") or reset them (dolt re
 	if succeeded {
 		// on success, print the commit info
 		commit, err := getCommitInfo(queryist, sqlCtx, commitHash)
-		if err != nil {
+		if commit == nil || err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error: failed to get commit metadata for ref '%s': %v", commitHash, err)
 		}
 
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log.go
index 03e09226f0..455b0fd917 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log.go
@@ -284,6 +284,9 @@ func logCommits(apr *argparser.ArgParseResults, commitHashes []sql.Row, queryist
 	for _, hash := range commitHashes {
 		cmHash := hash[0].(string)
 		commit, err := getCommitInfo(queryist, sqlCtx, cmHash)
+		if commit == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no commits found for ref %s", cmHash)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log_graph.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log_graph.go
index d2c8fbc7ba..2d25cd83b2 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log_graph.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/log_graph.go
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ func printOneLineGraph(graph [][]string, pager *outputpager.Pager, apr *argparse
 			pager.Writer.Write([]byte("\n"))
 		}
 
-		pager.Writer.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s ", strings.Join(graph[commits[i].Row], ""), color.YellowString("commit%s ", commits[i].Commit.commitHash))))
+		pager.Writer.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s ", strings.Join(graph[commits[i].Row], ""), color.YellowString("commit %s ", commits[i].Commit.commitHash))))
 		if decoration != "no" {
 			printRefs(pager, &commits[i].Commit, decoration)
 		}
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ func printGraphAndCommitsInfo(graph [][]string, pager *outputpager.Pager, apr *a
 	last_commit_row := commits[len(commits)-1].Row
 	printCommitMetadata(graph, pager, last_commit_row, len(graph[last_commit_row]), commits[len(commits)-1], decoration)
 	for _, line := range commits[len(commits)-1].formattedMessage {
-		pager.Writer.Write([]byte(color.WhiteString("\t", line)))
+		pager.Writer.Write([]byte(color.WhiteString("\t%s", line)))
 		pager.Writer.Write([]byte("\n"))
 	}
 }
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ func drawCommitDotsAndBranchPaths(commits []*commitInfoWithChildren, commitsMap
 						}
 						for i := col + 1; i < parent.Col-verticalDistance+1; i++ {
 							if graph[row][i] == " " {
-								graph[row][i] = branchColor.Sprintf("s-")
+								graph[row][i] = branchColor.Sprintf("-")
 							}
 						}
 					}
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/merge.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/merge.go
index 1f5892a755..8666de33d3 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/merge.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/merge.go
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ func (cmd MergeCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []string,
 	}
 	if closeFunc != nil {
 		defer closeFunc()
-	}
 
-	if _, ok := queryist.(*engine.SqlEngine); !ok {
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf(cli.RemoteUnsupportedMsg, commandStr)
-		cli.Println(msg)
-		return 1
+		if _, ok := queryist.(*engine.SqlEngine); !ok {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf(cli.RemoteUnsupportedMsg, commandStr)
+			cli.Println(msg)
+			return 1
+		}
 	}
 
 	ok := validateDoltMergeArgs(apr, usage, cliCtx)
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/rebase.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/rebase.go
index d73e21834e..cc56d1137a 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/rebase.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/rebase.go
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
-	"github.com/gocraft/dbr/v2"
-	"github.com/gocraft/dbr/v2/dialect"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/cmd/dolt/cli"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/cmd/dolt/errhand"
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ func (cmd RebaseCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []string,
 		return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.VerboseErrorFromError(err), usage)
 	}
 
-	query, err := constructInterpolatedDoltRebaseQuery(apr)
+	query, err := interpolateStoredProcedureCall("DOLT_REBASE", args)
 	if err != nil {
 		return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.VerboseErrorFromError(err), usage)
 	}
@@ -181,30 +179,6 @@ func (cmd RebaseCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []string,
 	return HandleVErrAndExitCode(nil, usage)
 }
 
-// constructInterpolatedDoltRebaseQuery generates the sql query necessary to call the DOLT_REBASE() function.
-// Also interpolates this query to prevent sql injection.
-func constructInterpolatedDoltRebaseQuery(apr *argparser.ArgParseResults) (string, error) {
-	var params []interface{}
-	var args []string
-
-	if apr.NArg() == 1 {
-		params = append(params, apr.Arg(0))
-		args = append(args, "?")
-	}
-	if apr.Contains(cli.InteractiveFlag) {
-		args = append(args, "'--interactive'")
-	}
-	if apr.Contains(cli.ContinueFlag) {
-		args = append(args, "'--continue'")
-	}
-	if apr.Contains(cli.AbortParam) {
-		args = append(args, "'--abort'")
-	}
-
-	query := fmt.Sprintf("CALL DOLT_REBASE(%s);", strings.Join(args, ", "))
-	return dbr.InterpolateForDialect(query, params, dialect.MySQL)
-}
-
 // getRebasePlan opens an editor for users to edit the rebase plan and returns the parsed rebase plan from the editor.
 func getRebasePlan(cliCtx cli.CliContext, sqlCtx *sql.Context, queryist cli.Queryist, rebaseBranch, currentBranch string) (*rebase.RebasePlan, error) {
 	if cli.ExecuteWithStdioRestored == nil {
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/show.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/show.go
index 43a7208af7..3e6cde95ad 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/show.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/show.go
@@ -30,19 +30,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/env"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/utils/argparser"
-	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/datas"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/hash"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/types"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/util/outputpager"
 )
 
 var hashRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^#?[0-9a-v]{32}$`)
 
 type showOpts struct {
-	showParents            bool
-	pretty                 bool
-	decoration             string
-	specRefs               []string
-	resolvedNonCommitSpecs map[string]string
+	showParents bool
+	pretty      bool
+	decoration  string
+	specRefs    []string
 
 	*diffDisplaySettings
 }
@@ -120,33 +119,6 @@ func (cmd ShowCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []string, d
 
 	opts.diffDisplaySettings = parseDiffDisplaySettings(apr)
 
-	// Decide if we're going to use dolt or sql for this execution.
-	// We can use SQL in the following cases:
-	// 1. `--no-pretty` is not set, so we will be producing "pretty" output.
-	// 2. opts.specRefs contains values that are NOT commit hashes.
-	// In all other cases, we should use DoltEnv
-	allSpecRefsAreCommits := true
-	allSpecRefsAreNonCommits := true
-	resolvedNonCommitSpecs := map[string]string{}
-	for _, specRef := range opts.specRefs {
-		isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, err := resolveNonCommitSpec(ctx, dEnv, specRef)
-		if err != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("error resolving spec ref '%s': %w", specRef, err)
-			return handleErrAndExit(err)
-		}
-		allSpecRefsAreNonCommits = allSpecRefsAreNonCommits && isNonCommitSpec
-		allSpecRefsAreCommits = allSpecRefsAreCommits && !isNonCommitSpec
-
-		if isNonCommitSpec {
-			resolvedNonCommitSpecs[specRef] = resolvedValue
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !allSpecRefsAreCommits && !allSpecRefsAreNonCommits {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("cannot mix commit hashes and non-commit spec refs")
-		return handleErrAndExit(err)
-	}
-
 	queryist, sqlCtx, closeFunc, err := cliCtx.QueryEngine(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return HandleVErrAndExitCode(errhand.VerboseErrorFromError(err), usage)
@@ -155,81 +127,138 @@ func (cmd ShowCmd) Exec(ctx context.Context, commandStr string, args []string, d
 		defer closeFunc()
 	}
 
-	useDoltEnv := !opts.pretty || (len(opts.specRefs) > 0 && allSpecRefsAreNonCommits)
-	if useDoltEnv {
+	// There are two response formats:
+	//  - "pretty", which shows commits in a human-readable fashion
+	//  - "raw", which shows the underlying SerialMessage
+	// All responses should be in the same format.
+	// The pretty format is preferred unless the --no-pretty flag is provided.
+	// But only commits are supported in the "pretty" format.
+	// Thus, if the --no-pretty flag is not set, then we require that either all the references are commits, or none of them are.
+
+	isDEnvRequired := false
+
+	if !opts.pretty {
+		isDEnvRequired = true
+	}
+	for _, specRef := range opts.specRefs {
+		upperCaseSpecRef := strings.ToUpper(specRef)
+		if !hashRegex.MatchString(specRef) && upperCaseSpecRef != "HEAD" {
+			isDEnvRequired = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if isDEnvRequired {
+		// use dEnv instead of the SQL engine
 		_, ok := queryist.(*engine.SqlEngine)
 		if !ok {
-			cli.PrintErrln("`dolt show --no-pretty` or `dolt show NON_COMMIT_REF` only supported in local mode.")
+			cli.PrintErrln("`dolt show --no-pretty` or `dolt show (BRANCHNAME)` only supported in local mode.")
 			return 1
 		}
 
 		if !opts.pretty && !dEnv.DoltDB.Format().UsesFlatbuffers() {
-			cli.PrintErrln("dolt show --no-pretty is not supported when using old LD_1 storage format.")
+			cli.PrintErrln("`dolt show --no-pretty` or `dolt show (BRANCHNAME)` is not supported when using old LD_1 storage format.")
 			return 1
 		}
-		opts.resolvedNonCommitSpecs = resolvedNonCommitSpecs
-		err = printObjects(ctx, dEnv, opts)
-		return handleErrAndExit(err)
-	} else {
-		err = printObjectsPretty(queryist, sqlCtx, opts)
-		return handleErrAndExit(err)
 	}
-}
 
-// resolveNonCommitSpec resolves a non-commit spec ref.
-// A non-commit spec ref in this context is a ref that is returned by `dolt show --no-pretty` but is NOT a commit hash.
-// These refs need env.DoltEnv in order to be resolved to a human-readable value.
-func resolveNonCommitSpec(ctx context.Context, dEnv *env.DoltEnv, specRef string) (isNonCommitSpec bool, resolvedValue string, err error) {
-	isNonCommitSpec = false
-	resolvedValue = ""
+	specRefs := opts.specRefs
+	if len(specRefs) == 0 {
+		specRefs = []string{"HEAD"}
+	}
 
-	roots, err := dEnv.Roots(ctx)
+	for _, specRef := range specRefs {
+		// If --no-pretty was supplied, always display the raw contents of the referenced object.
+		if !opts.pretty {
+			err := printRawValue(ctx, dEnv, specRef)
+			if err != nil {
+				return handleErrAndExit(err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// If the argument is a commit, display it in the "pretty" format.
+		// But if it's a hash, we don't know whether it's a commit until we query the engine.
+		commitInfo, err := getCommitSpecPretty(queryist, sqlCtx, opts, specRef)
+		if commitInfo == nil {
+			// Hash is not a commit
+			_, ok := queryist.(*engine.SqlEngine)
+			if !ok {
+				cli.PrintErrln("`dolt show (NON_COMMIT_HASH)` only supported in local mode.")
+				return 1
+			}
+
+			if !opts.pretty && !dEnv.DoltDB.Format().UsesFlatbuffers() {
+				cli.PrintErrln("`dolt show (NON_COMMIT_HASH)` is not supported when using old LD_1 storage format.")
+				return 1
+			}
+			value, err := getValueFromRefSpec(ctx, dEnv, specRef)
+			if err != nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("error resolving spec ref '%s': %w", specRef, err)
+				if err != nil {
+					return handleErrAndExit(err)
+				}
+			}
+			cli.Println(value.Kind(), value.HumanReadableString())
+			continue
+		} else {
+			// Hash is a commit
+			err = fetchAndPrintCommit(queryist, sqlCtx, opts, commitInfo)
+			if err != nil {
+				return handleErrAndExit(err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func printRawValue(ctx context.Context, dEnv *env.DoltEnv, specRef string) error {
+	value, err := getValueFromRefSpec(ctx, dEnv, specRef)
 	if err != nil {
-		return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, err
+		return fmt.Errorf("error resolving spec ref '%s': %w", specRef, err)
 	}
+	cli.Println(value.Kind(), value.HumanReadableString())
+	return nil
+}
 
+func getValueFromRefSpec(ctx context.Context, dEnv *env.DoltEnv, specRef string) (types.Value, error) {
+	var refHash hash.Hash
+	var err error
+	roots, err := dEnv.Roots(ctx)
 	upperCaseSpecRef := strings.ToUpper(specRef)
-	if upperCaseSpecRef == doltdb.Working || upperCaseSpecRef == doltdb.Staged || hashRegex.MatchString(specRef) {
-		var refHash hash.Hash
-		var err error
-		if upperCaseSpecRef == doltdb.Working {
-			refHash, err = roots.Working.HashOf()
-		} else if upperCaseSpecRef == doltdb.Staged {
-			refHash, err = roots.Staged.HashOf()
-		} else {
-			refHash, err = parseHashString(specRef)
-		}
+	if upperCaseSpecRef == doltdb.Working {
+		refHash, err = roots.Working.HashOf()
+	} else if upperCaseSpecRef == doltdb.Staged {
+		refHash, err = roots.Staged.HashOf()
+	} else if hashRegex.MatchString(specRef) {
+		refHash, err = parseHashString(specRef)
+	} else {
+		commitSpec, err := doltdb.NewCommitSpec(specRef)
 		if err != nil {
-			return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, err
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		value, err := dEnv.DoltDB.ValueReadWriter().ReadValue(ctx, refHash)
+		headRef, err := dEnv.RepoStateReader().CWBHeadRef()
+		optionalCommit, err := dEnv.DoltDB.Resolve(ctx, commitSpec, headRef)
 		if err != nil {
-			return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, err
-		}
-		if value == nil {
-			return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, fmt.Errorf("Unable to resolve object ref %s", specRef)
+			return nil, err
 		}
-
-		// If this is a commit, use the pretty printer. To determine whether it's a commit, try calling NewCommitFromValue.
-		_, err = doltdb.NewCommitFromValue(ctx, dEnv.DoltDB.ValueReadWriter(), dEnv.DoltDB.NodeStore(), value)
-
-		if err == datas.ErrNotACommit {
-			if !dEnv.DoltDB.Format().UsesFlatbuffers() {
-				return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, fmt.Errorf("dolt show cannot show non-commit objects when using the old LD_1 storage format: %s is not a commit", specRef)
-			}
-			isNonCommitSpec = true
-			resolvedValue = fmt.Sprintln(value.Kind(), value.HumanReadableString())
-			return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, nil
-		} else if err == nil {
-			isNonCommitSpec = false
-			return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, nil
-		} else {
-			return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, err
+		commit, ok := optionalCommit.ToCommit()
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, doltdb.ErrGhostCommitEncountered
 		}
-	} else { // specRef is a CommitSpec, which must resolve to a Commit.
-		isNonCommitSpec = false
-		return isNonCommitSpec, resolvedValue, nil
+		return commit.Value(), nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	value, err := dEnv.DoltDB.ValueReadWriter().ReadValue(ctx, refHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if value == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to resolve object ref %s", specRef)
 	}
+	return value, nil
 }
 
 func (cmd ShowCmd) validateArgs(apr *argparser.ArgParseResults) errhand.VerboseError {
@@ -266,57 +295,6 @@ func parseShowArgs(apr *argparser.ArgParseResults) (*showOpts, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func printObjects(ctx context.Context, dEnv *env.DoltEnv, opts *showOpts) error {
-	if len(opts.specRefs) == 0 {
-		headSpec, err := dEnv.RepoStateReader().CWBHeadSpec()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		headRef, err := dEnv.RepoStateReader().CWBHeadRef()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		optCmt, err := dEnv.DoltDB.Resolve(ctx, headSpec, headRef)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		commit, ok := optCmt.ToCommit()
-		if !ok {
-			return doltdb.ErrGhostCommitEncountered
-		}
-
-		value := commit.Value()
-		cli.Println(value.Kind(), value.HumanReadableString())
-	}
-
-	for _, specRef := range opts.specRefs {
-		resolvedValue, ok := opts.resolvedNonCommitSpecs[specRef]
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("fatal: unable to resolve object ref %s", specRef)
-		}
-		cli.Println(resolvedValue)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func printObjectsPretty(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, opts *showOpts) error {
-	if len(opts.specRefs) == 0 {
-		return printCommitSpecPretty(queryist, sqlCtx, opts, "HEAD")
-	}
-
-	for _, specRef := range opts.specRefs {
-		err := printCommitSpecPretty(queryist, sqlCtx, opts, specRef)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // parseHashString converts a string representing a hash into a hash.Hash.
 func parseHashString(hashStr string) (hash.Hash, error) {
 	unprefixed := strings.TrimPrefix(hashStr, "#")
@@ -327,24 +305,19 @@ func parseHashString(hashStr string) (hash.Hash, error) {
 	return parsedHash, nil
 }
 
-func printCommitSpecPretty(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, opts *showOpts, commitRef string) error {
+func getCommitSpecPretty(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, opts *showOpts, commitRef string) (commit *CommitInfo, err error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(commitRef, "#") {
 		commitRef = strings.TrimPrefix(commitRef, "#")
 	}
 
-	commit, err := getCommitInfo(queryist, sqlCtx, commitRef)
+	commit, err = getCommitInfo(queryist, sqlCtx, commitRef)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error: failed to get commit metadata for ref '%s': %v", commitRef, err)
+		return commit, fmt.Errorf("error: failed to get commit metadata for ref '%s': %v", commitRef, err)
 	}
-
-	err = printCommit(queryist, sqlCtx, opts, commit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+	return
 }
 
-func printCommit(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, opts *showOpts, commit *CommitInfo) error {
+func fetchAndPrintCommit(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, opts *showOpts, commit *CommitInfo) error {
 
 	cmHash := commit.commitHash
 	parents := commit.parentHashes
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql.go
index 39f28d0ef3..6646f5062a 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql.go
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ func execShell(sqlCtx *sql.Context, qryist cli.Queryist, format engine.PrintResu
 
 			sqlCtx := sql.NewContext(subCtx, sql.WithSession(sqlCtx.Session))
 
-			subCmd, foundCmd := findSlashCmd(query)
+			subCmd, foundCmd := isSlashQuery(query)
 			if foundCmd {
 				err := handleSlashCommand(sqlCtx, subCmd, query, cliCtx)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -831,6 +831,15 @@ func execShell(sqlCtx *sql.Context, qryist cli.Queryist, format engine.PrintResu
 	return nil
 }
 
+func isSlashQuery(query string) (cli.Command, bool) {
+	// strip leading whitespace
+	query = strings.TrimLeft(query, " \t\n\r\v\f")
+	if strings.HasPrefix(query, "\\") {
+		return findSlashCmd(query[1:])
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
 // postCommandUpdate is a helper function that is run after the shell has completed a command. It updates the the database
 // if needed, and generates new prompts for the shell (based on the branch and if the workspace is dirty).
 func postCommandUpdate(sqlCtx *sql.Context, qryist cli.Queryist) (string, string) {
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql_slash.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql_slash.go
index fa1d1c8088..f1d392a844 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql_slash.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/sql_slash.go
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ var slashCmds = []cli.Command{
 	StatusCmd{},
 	DiffCmd{},
 	LogCmd{},
+	ShowCmd{},
 	AddCmd{},
 	CommitCmd{},
 	CheckoutCmd{},
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/utils.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/utils.go
index a2b9d04b5a..9c60d717f9 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/utils.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/utils.go
@@ -631,14 +631,14 @@ func printRefs(pager *outputpager.Pager, comm *CommitInfo, decoration string) {
 	yellow := color.New(color.FgYellow)
 	boldCyan := color.New(color.FgCyan, color.Bold)
 
-	pager.Writer.Write([]byte(yellow.Sprintf(" (")))
+	pager.Writer.Write([]byte(yellow.Sprintf("(")))
 
 	if comm.isHead {
 		pager.Writer.Write([]byte(boldCyan.Sprintf("HEAD -> ")))
 	}
 
 	joinedReferences := strings.Join(references, yellow.Sprint(", "))
-	pager.Writer.Write([]byte(yellow.Sprintf("%s)", joinedReferences)))
+	pager.Writer.Write([]byte(yellow.Sprintf("%s) ", joinedReferences)))
 }
 
 // getCommitInfo returns the commit info for the given ref.
@@ -657,7 +657,8 @@ func getCommitInfo(queryist cli.Queryist, sqlCtx *sql.Context, ref string) (*Com
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting logs for ref '%s': %v", ref, err)
 	}
 	if len(rows) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no commits found for ref %s", ref)
+		// No commit with this hash exists
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	row := rows[0]
@@ -826,3 +827,25 @@ func HandleVErrAndExitCode(verr errhand.VerboseError, usage cli.UsagePrinter) in
 
 	return 0
 }
+
+// interpolateStoredProcedureCall returns an interpolated query to call |storedProcedureName| with the arguments
+// |args|.
+func interpolateStoredProcedureCall(storedProcedureName string, args []string) (string, error) {
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("CALL %s(%s);", storedProcedureName, buildPlaceholdersString(len(args)))
+	return dbr.InterpolateForDialect(query, stringSliceToInterfaceSlice(args), dialect.MySQL)
+}
+
+// stringSliceToInterfaceSlice converts the string slice |ss| into an interface slice with the same values.
+func stringSliceToInterfaceSlice(ss []string) []interface{} {
+	retSlice := make([]interface{}, 0, len(ss))
+	for _, s := range ss {
+		retSlice = append(retSlice, s)
+	}
+	return retSlice
+}
+
+// buildPlaceholdersString returns a placeholder string to use in an interpolated query with the specified
+// |count| of parameter placeholders.
+func buildPlaceholdersString(count int) string {
+	return strings.Join(make([]string, count), "?, ") + "?"
+}
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/version.go b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/version.go
index fe1d77fb3a..1eef9b0a8c 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/commands/version.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/commands/version.go
@@ -185,6 +185,14 @@ func checkAndPrintVersionOutOfDateWarning(curVersion string, dEnv *env.DoltEnv)
 		}
 	}
 
+	// If we still don't have a valid latestRelease, even after trying to query it, then skip the out of date
+	// check and print a warning message. This can happen for example, if we get a 403 from GitHub when
+	// querying for the latest release tag.
+	if latestRelease == "" {
+		cli.Printf(color.YellowString("Warning: unable to query latest released Dolt version"))
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// if there were new releases in the last week, the latestRelease stored might be behind the current version built
 	isOutOfDate, verr := isOutOfDate(curVersion, latestRelease)
 	if verr != nil {
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/dolt.go b/go/cmd/dolt/dolt.go
index d2ecddfe0d..1390473a4a 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/dolt.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/dolt.go
@@ -510,6 +510,11 @@ func runMain() int {
 		return 1
 	}
 
+	if dEnv.CfgLoadErr != nil {
+		cli.PrintErrln(color.RedString("Failed to load the global config. %v", dEnv.CfgLoadErr))
+		return 1
+	}
+
 	strMetricsDisabled := dEnv.Config.GetStringOrDefault(config.MetricsDisabled, "false")
 	var metricsEmitter events.Emitter
 	metricsEmitter = events.NewFileEmitter(homeDir, dbfactory.DoltDir)
@@ -520,10 +525,6 @@ func runMain() int {
 
 	events.SetGlobalCollector(events.NewCollector(doltversion.Version, metricsEmitter))
 
-	if dEnv.CfgLoadErr != nil {
-		cli.PrintErrln(color.RedString("Failed to load the global config. %v", dEnv.CfgLoadErr))
-		return 1
-	}
 	globalConfig, ok := dEnv.Config.GetConfig(env.GlobalConfig)
 	if !ok {
 		cli.PrintErrln(color.RedString("Failed to get global config"))
diff --git a/go/cmd/dolt/doltversion/version.go b/go/cmd/dolt/doltversion/version.go
index 890d73f639..ffcd6f4cbd 100644
--- a/go/cmd/dolt/doltversion/version.go
+++ b/go/cmd/dolt/doltversion/version.go
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@
 package doltversion
 
 const (
-	Version = "1.42.10"
+	Version = "1.42.13"
 )
diff --git a/go/gen/fb/serial/workingset.go b/go/gen/fb/serial/workingset.go
index 63948a2e67..424b406ac3 100644
--- a/go/gen/fb/serial/workingset.go
+++ b/go/gen/fb/serial/workingset.go
@@ -531,7 +531,31 @@ func (rcv *RebaseState) MutateOntoCommitAddr(j int, n byte) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-const RebaseStateNumFields = 3
+func (rcv *RebaseState) EmptyCommitHandling() byte {
+	o := flatbuffers.UOffsetT(rcv._tab.Offset(10))
+	if o != 0 {
+		return rcv._tab.GetByte(o + rcv._tab.Pos)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (rcv *RebaseState) MutateEmptyCommitHandling(n byte) bool {
+	return rcv._tab.MutateByteSlot(10, n)
+}
+
+func (rcv *RebaseState) CommitBecomesEmptyHandling() byte {
+	o := flatbuffers.UOffsetT(rcv._tab.Offset(12))
+	if o != 0 {
+		return rcv._tab.GetByte(o + rcv._tab.Pos)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (rcv *RebaseState) MutateCommitBecomesEmptyHandling(n byte) bool {
+	return rcv._tab.MutateByteSlot(12, n)
+}
+
+const RebaseStateNumFields = 5
 
 func RebaseStateStart(builder *flatbuffers.Builder) {
 	builder.StartObject(RebaseStateNumFields)
@@ -554,6 +578,12 @@ func RebaseStateAddOntoCommitAddr(builder *flatbuffers.Builder, ontoCommitAddr f
 func RebaseStateStartOntoCommitAddrVector(builder *flatbuffers.Builder, numElems int) flatbuffers.UOffsetT {
 	return builder.StartVector(1, numElems, 1)
 }
+func RebaseStateAddEmptyCommitHandling(builder *flatbuffers.Builder, emptyCommitHandling byte) {
+	builder.PrependByteSlot(3, emptyCommitHandling, 0)
+}
+func RebaseStateAddCommitBecomesEmptyHandling(builder *flatbuffers.Builder, commitBecomesEmptyHandling byte) {
+	builder.PrependByteSlot(4, commitBecomesEmptyHandling, 0)
+}
 func RebaseStateEnd(builder *flatbuffers.Builder) flatbuffers.UOffsetT {
 	return builder.EndObject()
 }
diff --git a/go/go.mod b/go/go.mod
index 79e4a8a597..11ac2a254c 100644
--- a/go/go.mod
+++ b/go/go.mod
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0
 	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.6.0
 	github.com/dolthub/flatbuffers/v23 v23.3.3-dh.2
-	github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240808231249-e035ac0ed25a
+	github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240819234152-ac84f8593e99
 	github.com/dolthub/gozstd v0.0.0-20240423170813-23a2903bca63
 	github.com/dolthub/swiss v0.1.0
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2
diff --git a/go/go.sum b/go/go.sum
index 3c2efd039c..0337921a31 100644
--- a/go/go.sum
+++ b/go/go.sum
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ github.com/dolthub/fslock v0.0.3 h1:iLMpUIvJKMKm92+N1fmHVdxJP5NdyDK5bK7z7Ba2s2U=
 github.com/dolthub/fslock v0.0.3/go.mod h1:QWql+P17oAAMLnL4HGB5tiovtDuAjdDTPbuqx7bYfa0=
 github.com/dolthub/go-icu-regex v0.0.0-20230524105445-af7e7991c97e h1:kPsT4a47cw1+y/N5SSCkma7FhAPw7KeGmD6c9PBZW9Y=
 github.com/dolthub/go-icu-regex v0.0.0-20230524105445-af7e7991c97e/go.mod h1:KPUcpx070QOfJK1gNe0zx4pA5sicIK1GMikIGLKC168=
-github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240808231249-e035ac0ed25a h1:t5lkm+LGwj8xnDs+jiONt26fAhtWG/Blk0Ucvr8gN8w=
-github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240808231249-e035ac0ed25a/go.mod h1:PwuemL+YK+YiWcUFhknixeqNLjJNfCx7KDsHNajx9fM=
+github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240819234152-ac84f8593e99 h1:GKa4Wu7SS0FDJkdGBRR2hCMXXlqdNmsqraRl+ZKYW4U=
+github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240819234152-ac84f8593e99/go.mod h1:nbdOzd0ceWONE80vbfwoRBjut7z3CIj69ZgDF/cKuaA=
 github.com/dolthub/gozstd v0.0.0-20240423170813-23a2903bca63 h1:OAsXLAPL4du6tfbBgK0xXHZkOlos63RdKYS3Sgw/dfI=
 github.com/dolthub/gozstd v0.0.0-20240423170813-23a2903bca63/go.mod h1:lV7lUeuDhH5thVGDCKXbatwKy2KW80L4rMT46n+Y2/Q=
 github.com/dolthub/ishell v0.0.0-20240701202509-2b217167d718 h1:lT7hE5k+0nkBdj/1UOSFwjWpNxf+LCApbRHgnCA17XE=
diff --git a/go/go.work.sum b/go/go.work.sum
index f740cf0835..37a6dc28ca 100644
--- a/go/go.work.sum
+++ b/go/go.work.sum
@@ -318,6 +318,10 @@ github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2 h1:p1EgwI/C7NhT0JmVkwCD2ZBK8j4aeHQX2pMHH
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9 h1:uDmaGzcdjhF4i/plgjmEsriH11Y0o7RKapEf/LDaM3w=
 github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go v3.2.0+incompatible h1:7qlOGliEKZXTDg6OTjfoBKDXWrumCAMpl/TFQ4/5kLM=
+github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240812011431-f3892cc42bbf h1:F4OT8cjaQzGlLne9vp7/q0i5QFsQE2OUWIaL5thO5qA=
+github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server v0.18.2-0.20240812011431-f3892cc42bbf/go.mod h1:PwuemL+YK+YiWcUFhknixeqNLjJNfCx7KDsHNajx9fM=
+github.com/dolthub/vitess v0.0.0-20240807181005-71d735078e24 h1:/zCd98CLZURqK85jQ+qRmEMx/dpXz85F1/Et7gqMGkk=
+github.com/dolthub/vitess v0.0.0-20240807181005-71d735078e24/go.mod h1:uBvlRluuL+SbEWTCZ68o0xvsdYZER3CEG/35INdzfJM=
 github.com/eapache/go-resiliency v1.1.0 h1:1NtRmCAqadE2FN4ZcN6g90TP3uk8cg9rn9eNK2197aU=
 github.com/eapache/go-xerial-snappy v0.0.0-20180814174437-776d5712da21 h1:YEetp8/yCZMuEPMUDHG0CW/brkkEp8mzqk2+ODEitlw=
 github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0 h1:YOEu7KNc61ntiQlcEeUIoDTJ2o8mQznoNvUhiigpIqc=
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/cherry_pick/cherry_pick.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/cherry_pick/cherry_pick.go
index 1b6af8d27b..1952741405 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/cherry_pick/cherry_pick.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/cherry_pick/cherry_pick.go
@@ -37,11 +37,38 @@ type CherryPickOptions struct {
 
 	// CommitMessage is optional, and controls the message for the new commit.
 	CommitMessage string
+
+	// CommitBecomesEmptyHandling describes how commits that do not start off as empty, but become empty after applying
+	// the changes, should be handled. For example, if cherry-picking a change from another branch, but the changes
+	// have already been applied on the target branch in another commit, the new commit will be empty. Note that this
+	// is distinct from how to handle commits that start off empty. By default, in Git, the cherry-pick command will
+	// stop when processing a commit that becomes empty and allow the user to take additional action. Dolt doesn't
+	// support this flow, so instead, Dolt's default is to fail the cherry-pick operation. In Git rebase, and in Dolt
+	// rebase, the default for handling commits that become empty while being processed is to drop them.
+	CommitBecomesEmptyHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling
+
+	// EmptyCommitHandling describes how commits that start off as empty should be handled. Note that this is distinct
+	// from how to handle commits that start off with changes, but become empty after applying the changes. In Git
+	// and Dolt cherry-pick implementations, the default action is to fail when an empty commit is specified. In Git
+	// and Dolt rebase implementations, the default action is to keep commits that start off as empty.
+	EmptyCommitHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling
+}
+
+// NewCherryPickOptions creates a new CherryPickOptions instance, filled out with default values for cherry-pick.
+func NewCherryPickOptions() CherryPickOptions {
+	return CherryPickOptions{
+		Amend:                      false,
+		CommitMessage:              "",
+		CommitBecomesEmptyHandling: doltdb.ErrorOnEmptyCommit,
+		EmptyCommitHandling:        doltdb.ErrorOnEmptyCommit,
+	}
 }
 
 // CherryPick replays a commit, specified by |options.Commit|, and applies it as a new commit to the current HEAD. If
-// successful, the hash of the new commit is returned. If the cherry-pick results in merge conflicts, the merge result
-// is returned. If any unexpected error occur, it is returned.
+// successful and a new commit is created, the hash of the new commit is returned. If successful, but no new commit
+// was created (for example, when dropping an empty commit), then the first return parameter will be the empty string.
+// If the cherry-pick results in merge conflicts, the merge result is returned. If the operation is not successful for
+// any reason, then the error return parameter will be populated.
 func CherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, commit string, options CherryPickOptions) (string, *merge.Result, error) {
 	doltSession := dsess.DSessFromSess(ctx.Session)
 	dbName := ctx.GetCurrentDatabase()
@@ -51,7 +78,7 @@ func CherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, commit string, options CherryPickOptions) (str
 		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get roots for current session")
 	}
 
-	mergeResult, commitMsg, err := cherryPick(ctx, doltSession, roots, dbName, commit)
+	mergeResult, commitMsg, err := cherryPick(ctx, doltSession, roots, dbName, commit, options.EmptyCommitHandling)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", mergeResult, err
 	}
@@ -94,6 +121,17 @@ func CherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, commit string, options CherryPickOptions) (str
 	if options.Amend {
 		commitProps.Amend = true
 	}
+	if options.EmptyCommitHandling == doltdb.KeepEmptyCommit {
+		commitProps.AllowEmpty = true
+	}
+
+	if options.CommitBecomesEmptyHandling == doltdb.DropEmptyCommit {
+		commitProps.SkipEmpty = true
+	} else if options.CommitBecomesEmptyHandling == doltdb.KeepEmptyCommit {
+		commitProps.AllowEmpty = true
+	} else if options.CommitBecomesEmptyHandling == doltdb.StopOnEmptyCommit {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("stop on empty commit is not currently supported")
+	}
 
 	// NOTE: roots are old here (after staging the tables) and need to be refreshed
 	roots, ok = doltSession.GetRoots(ctx, dbName)
@@ -106,7 +144,11 @@ func CherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, commit string, options CherryPickOptions) (str
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
 	if pendingCommit == nil {
-		return "", nil, errors.New("nothing to commit")
+		if commitProps.SkipEmpty {
+			return "", nil, nil
+		} else if !commitProps.AllowEmpty {
+			return "", nil, errors.New("nothing to commit")
+		}
 	}
 
 	newCommit, err := doltSession.DoltCommit(ctx, dbName, doltSession.GetTransaction(), pendingCommit)
@@ -166,7 +208,7 @@ func AbortCherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, dbName string) error {
 // cherryPick checks that the current working set is clean, verifies the cherry-pick commit is not a merge commit
 // or a commit without parent commit, performs merge and returns the new working set root value and
 // the commit message of cherry-picked commit as the commit message of the new commit created during this command.
-func cherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, dSess *dsess.DoltSession, roots doltdb.Roots, dbName, cherryStr string) (*merge.Result, string, error) {
+func cherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, dSess *dsess.DoltSession, roots doltdb.Roots, dbName, cherryStr string, emptyCommitHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling) (*merge.Result, string, error) {
 	// check for clean working set
 	wsOnlyHasIgnoredTables, err := diff.WorkingSetContainsOnlyIgnoredTables(ctx, roots)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -241,6 +283,24 @@ func cherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, dSess *dsess.DoltSession, roots doltdb.Roots,
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
 
+	isEmptyCommit, err := rootsEqual(cherryRoot, parentRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	if isEmptyCommit {
+		switch emptyCommitHandling {
+		case doltdb.KeepEmptyCommit:
+			// No action; keep processing the empty commit
+		case doltdb.DropEmptyCommit:
+			return nil, "", nil
+		case doltdb.ErrorOnEmptyCommit:
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("The previous cherry-pick commit is empty. " +
+				"Use --allow-empty to cherry-pick empty commits.")
+		default:
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("Unsupported empty commit handling options: %v", emptyCommitHandling)
+		}
+	}
+
 	dbState, ok, err := dSess.LookupDbState(ctx, dbName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
@@ -269,7 +329,7 @@ func cherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, dSess *dsess.DoltSession, roots doltdb.Roots,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if headRootHash.Equal(workingRootHash) {
+	if headRootHash.Equal(workingRootHash) && !isEmptyCommit {
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("no changes were made, nothing to commit")
 	}
 
@@ -299,6 +359,20 @@ func cherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, dSess *dsess.DoltSession, roots doltdb.Roots,
 	return result, cherryCommitMeta.Description, nil
 }
 
+func rootsEqual(root1, root2 doltdb.RootValue) (bool, error) {
+	root1Hash, err := root1.HashOf()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	root2Hash, err := root2.HashOf()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return root1Hash.Equal(root2Hash), nil
+}
+
 // stageCherryPickedTables stages the tables from |mergeStats| that don't have any merge artifacts – i.e.
 // tables that don't have any data or schema conflicts and don't have any constraint violations.
 func stageCherryPickedTables(ctx *sql.Context, mergeStats map[string]*merge.MergeStats) (err error) {
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/system_table.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/system_table.go
index 87d59e57b2..909a95d773 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/system_table.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/system_table.go
@@ -185,16 +185,13 @@ var generatedSystemTables = []string{
 	RemotesTableName,
 }
 
-var generatedSystemViewPrefixes = []string{
-	DoltBlameViewPrefix,
-}
-
 var generatedSystemTablePrefixes = []string{
 	DoltDiffTablePrefix,
 	DoltCommitDiffTablePrefix,
 	DoltHistoryTablePrefix,
 	DoltConfTablePrefix,
 	DoltConstViolTablePrefix,
+	DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix,
 }
 
 const (
@@ -264,6 +261,8 @@ const (
 	DoltConfTablePrefix = "dolt_conflicts_"
 	// DoltConstViolTablePrefix is the prefix assigned to all the generated constraint violation tables
 	DoltConstViolTablePrefix = "dolt_constraint_violations_"
+	// DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix is the prefix assigned to all the generated workspace tables
+	DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix = "dolt_workspace_"
 )
 
 const (
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/workingset.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/workingset.go
index 7467467a9c..5c0a42ed07 100755
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/workingset.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/workingset.go
@@ -29,6 +29,29 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/types"
 )
 
+// EmptyCommitHandling describes how a cherry-pick action should handle empty commits. This applies to commits that
+// start off as empty, as well as commits whose changes are applied, but are redundant, and become empty. Note that
+// cherry-pick and rebase treat these two cases separately – commits that start as empty versus commits that become
+// empty while being rebased or cherry-picked.
+type EmptyCommitHandling int
+
+const (
+	// ErrorOnEmptyCommit instructs a cherry-pick or rebase operation to fail with an error when an empty commit
+	// is encountered.
+	ErrorOnEmptyCommit = iota
+
+	// DropEmptyCommit instructs a cherry-pick or rebase operation to drop empty commits and to not create new
+	// commits for them.
+	DropEmptyCommit
+
+	// KeepEmptyCommit instructs a cherry-pick or rebase operation to keep empty commits.
+	KeepEmptyCommit
+
+	// StopOnEmptyCommit instructs a cherry-pick or rebase operation to stop and let the user take additional action
+	// to decide how to handle an empty commit.
+	StopOnEmptyCommit
+)
+
 // RebaseState tracks the state of an in-progress rebase action. It records the name of the branch being rebased, the
 // commit onto which the new commits will be rebased, and the root value of the previous working set, which is used if
 // the rebase is aborted and the working set needs to be restored to its previous state.
@@ -36,6 +59,13 @@ type RebaseState struct {
 	preRebaseWorking RootValue
 	ontoCommit       *Commit
 	branch           string
+
+	// commitBecomesEmptyHandling specifies how to handle a commit that contains changes, but when cherry-picked,
+	// results in no changes being applied.
+	commitBecomesEmptyHandling EmptyCommitHandling
+
+	// emptyCommitHandling specifies how to handle empty commits that contain no changes.
+	emptyCommitHandling EmptyCommitHandling
 }
 
 // Branch returns the name of the branch being actively rebased. This is the branch that will be updated to point
@@ -55,6 +85,14 @@ func (rs RebaseState) PreRebaseWorkingRoot() RootValue {
 	return rs.preRebaseWorking
 }
 
+func (rs RebaseState) EmptyCommitHandling() EmptyCommitHandling {
+	return rs.emptyCommitHandling
+}
+
+func (rs RebaseState) CommitBecomesEmptyHandling() EmptyCommitHandling {
+	return rs.commitBecomesEmptyHandling
+}
+
 type MergeState struct {
 	// the source commit
 	commit *Commit
@@ -257,11 +295,13 @@ func (ws WorkingSet) StartMerge(commit *Commit, commitSpecStr string) *WorkingSe
 // the branch that is being rebased, and |previousRoot| is root value of the branch being rebased. The HEAD and STAGED
 // root values of the branch being rebased must match |previousRoot|; WORKING may be a different root value, but ONLY
 // if it contains only ignored tables.
-func (ws WorkingSet) StartRebase(ctx *sql.Context, ontoCommit *Commit, branch string, previousRoot RootValue) (*WorkingSet, error) {
+func (ws WorkingSet) StartRebase(ctx *sql.Context, ontoCommit *Commit, branch string, previousRoot RootValue, commitBecomesEmptyHandling EmptyCommitHandling, emptyCommitHandling EmptyCommitHandling) (*WorkingSet, error) {
 	ws.rebaseState = &RebaseState{
-		ontoCommit:       ontoCommit,
-		preRebaseWorking: previousRoot,
-		branch:           branch,
+		ontoCommit:                 ontoCommit,
+		preRebaseWorking:           previousRoot,
+		branch:                     branch,
+		commitBecomesEmptyHandling: commitBecomesEmptyHandling,
+		emptyCommitHandling:        emptyCommitHandling,
 	}
 
 	ontoRoot, err := ontoCommit.GetRootValue(ctx)
@@ -472,9 +512,11 @@ func newWorkingSet(ctx context.Context, name string, vrw types.ValueReadWriter,
 		}
 
 		rebaseState = &RebaseState{
-			preRebaseWorking: preRebaseWorkingRoot,
-			ontoCommit:       ontoCommit,
-			branch:           dsws.RebaseState.Branch(ctx),
+			preRebaseWorking:           preRebaseWorkingRoot,
+			ontoCommit:                 ontoCommit,
+			branch:                     dsws.RebaseState.Branch(ctx),
+			commitBecomesEmptyHandling: EmptyCommitHandling(dsws.RebaseState.CommitBecomesEmptyHandling(ctx)),
+			emptyCommitHandling:        EmptyCommitHandling(dsws.RebaseState.EmptyCommitHandling(ctx)),
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -570,7 +612,8 @@ func (ws *WorkingSet) writeValues(ctx context.Context, db *DoltDB, meta *datas.W
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
-		rebaseState = datas.NewRebaseState(preRebaseWorking.TargetHash(), dCommit.Addr(), ws.rebaseState.branch)
+		rebaseState = datas.NewRebaseState(preRebaseWorking.TargetHash(), dCommit.Addr(), ws.rebaseState.branch,
+			uint8(ws.rebaseState.commitBecomesEmptyHandling), uint8(ws.rebaseState.emptyCommitHandling))
 	}
 
 	return &datas.WorkingSetSpec{
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/merge_prolly_rows.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/merge_prolly_rows.go
index 8f3caaf71a..4466abb191 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/merge_prolly_rows.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/merge_prolly_rows.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/transform"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	errorkinds "gopkg.in/src-d/go-errors.v1"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb"
@@ -1978,20 +1977,20 @@ func (m *valueMerger) processColumn(ctx *sql.Context, i int, left, right, base v
 }
 
 func (m *valueMerger) mergeJSONAddr(ctx context.Context, baseAddr []byte, leftAddr []byte, rightAddr []byte) (resultAddr []byte, conflict bool, err error) {
-	baseDoc, err := tree.NewJSONDoc(hash.New(baseAddr), m.ns).ToJSONDocument(ctx)
+	baseDoc, err := tree.NewJSONDoc(hash.New(baseAddr), m.ns).ToIndexedJSONDocument(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, true, err
 	}
-	leftDoc, err := tree.NewJSONDoc(hash.New(leftAddr), m.ns).ToJSONDocument(ctx)
+	leftDoc, err := tree.NewJSONDoc(hash.New(leftAddr), m.ns).ToIndexedJSONDocument(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, true, err
 	}
-	rightDoc, err := tree.NewJSONDoc(hash.New(rightAddr), m.ns).ToJSONDocument(ctx)
+	rightDoc, err := tree.NewJSONDoc(hash.New(rightAddr), m.ns).ToIndexedJSONDocument(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, true, err
 	}
 
-	mergedDoc, conflict, err := mergeJSON(ctx, baseDoc, leftDoc, rightDoc)
+	mergedDoc, conflict, err := mergeJSON(ctx, m.ns, baseDoc, leftDoc, rightDoc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, true, err
 	}
@@ -1999,35 +1998,36 @@ func (m *valueMerger) mergeJSONAddr(ctx context.Context, baseAddr []byte, leftAd
 		return nil, true, nil
 	}
 
-	mergedVal, err := mergedDoc.ToInterface()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, true, err
-	}
-	mergedBytes, err := json.Marshal(mergedVal)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, true, err
-	}
-	mergedAddr, err := tree.SerializeBytesToAddr(ctx, m.ns, bytes.NewReader(mergedBytes), len(mergedBytes))
+	root, err := tree.SerializeJsonToAddr(ctx, m.ns, mergedDoc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, true, err
 	}
+	mergedAddr := root.HashOf()
 	return mergedAddr[:], false, nil
-
 }
 
-func mergeJSON(ctx context.Context, base types.JSONDocument, left types.JSONDocument, right types.JSONDocument) (resultDoc types.JSONDocument, conflict bool, err error) {
+func mergeJSON(ctx context.Context, ns tree.NodeStore, base, left, right sql.JSONWrapper) (resultDoc sql.JSONWrapper, conflict bool, err error) {
 	// First, deserialize each value into JSON.
 	// We can only merge if the value at all three commits is a JSON object.
 
-	baseObject, baseIsObject := base.Val.(types.JsonObject)
-	leftObject, leftIsObject := left.Val.(types.JsonObject)
-	rightObject, rightIsObject := right.Val.(types.JsonObject)
+	baseIsObject, err := tree.IsJsonObject(base)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, true, err
+	}
+	leftIsObject, err := tree.IsJsonObject(left)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, true, err
+	}
+	rightIsObject, err := tree.IsJsonObject(right)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, true, err
+	}
 
 	if !baseIsObject || !leftIsObject || !rightIsObject {
 		// At least one of the commits does not have a JSON object.
 		// If both left and right have the same value, use that value.
 		// But if they differ, this is an unresolvable merge conflict.
-		cmp, err := left.Compare(right)
+		cmp, err := types.CompareJSON(left, right)
 		if err != nil {
 			return types.JSONDocument{}, true, err
 		}
@@ -2039,26 +2039,83 @@ func mergeJSON(ctx context.Context, base types.JSONDocument, left types.JSONDocu
 		}
 	}
 
-	mergedObject := maps.Clone(leftObject)
-	merged := types.JSONDocument{Val: mergedObject}
+	indexedBase, isBaseIndexed := base.(tree.IndexedJsonDocument)
+	indexedLeft, isLeftIndexed := left.(tree.IndexedJsonDocument)
+	indexedRight, isRightIndexed := right.(tree.IndexedJsonDocument)
+
+	// We only do three way merges on values read from tables right now, which are read in as tree.IndexedJsonDocument.
+
+	var leftDiffer tree.IJsonDiffer
+	if isBaseIndexed && isLeftIndexed {
+		leftDiffer, err = tree.NewIndexedJsonDiffer(ctx, indexedBase, indexedLeft)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, true, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		baseObject, err := base.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, true, err
+		}
+		leftObject, err := left.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, true, err
+		}
+		leftDiffer = tree.NewJsonDiffer(baseObject.(types.JsonObject), leftObject.(types.JsonObject))
+	}
+
+	var rightDiffer tree.IJsonDiffer
+	if isBaseIndexed && isRightIndexed {
+		rightDiffer, err = tree.NewIndexedJsonDiffer(ctx, indexedBase, indexedRight)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, true, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		baseObject, err := base.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, true, err
+		}
+		rightObject, err := right.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, true, err
+		}
+		rightDiffer = tree.NewJsonDiffer(baseObject.(types.JsonObject), rightObject.(types.JsonObject))
+	}
 
-	threeWayDiffer := NewThreeWayJsonDiffer(baseObject, leftObject, rightObject)
+	threeWayDiffer := ThreeWayJsonDiffer{
+		leftDiffer:  leftDiffer,
+		rightDiffer: rightDiffer,
+		ns:          ns,
+	}
 
 	// Compute the merged object by applying diffs to the left object as needed.
+	// If the left object isn't an IndexedJsonDocument, we make one.
+	var ok bool
+	var merged tree.IndexedJsonDocument
+	if merged, ok = left.(tree.IndexedJsonDocument); !ok {
+		root, err := tree.SerializeJsonToAddr(ctx, ns, left)
+		if err != nil {
+			return types.JSONDocument{}, true, err
+		}
+		merged = tree.NewIndexedJsonDocument(ctx, root, ns)
+	}
+
 	for {
 		threeWayDiff, err := threeWayDiffer.Next(ctx)
 		if err == io.EOF {
 			return merged, false, nil
 		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return types.JSONDocument{}, true, err
+		}
 
 		switch threeWayDiff.Op {
-		case tree.DiffOpRightAdd, tree.DiffOpConvergentAdd, tree.DiffOpRightModify, tree.DiffOpConvergentModify:
-			_, _, err := merged.Set(ctx, threeWayDiff.Key, threeWayDiff.Right)
+		case tree.DiffOpRightAdd, tree.DiffOpConvergentAdd, tree.DiffOpRightModify, tree.DiffOpConvergentModify, tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyResolved:
+			merged, _, err = merged.SetWithKey(ctx, threeWayDiff.Key, threeWayDiff.Right)
 			if err != nil {
 				return types.JSONDocument{}, true, err
 			}
 		case tree.DiffOpRightDelete, tree.DiffOpConvergentDelete:
-			_, _, err := merged.Remove(ctx, threeWayDiff.Key)
+			merged, _, err = merged.RemoveWithKey(ctx, threeWayDiff.Key)
 			if err != nil {
 				return types.JSONDocument{}, true, err
 			}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/schema_merge_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/schema_merge_test.go
index 9f0acbd068..f92d194797 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/schema_merge_test.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/schema_merge_test.go
@@ -16,9 +16,13 @@ package merge_test
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression"
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression/function/json"
+	sqltypes "github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
 	"github.com/shopspring/decimal"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/writer"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/table/editor"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/hash"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/prolly/tree"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/types"
 )
 
@@ -105,6 +110,9 @@ func TestSchemaMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("json merge tests", func(t *testing.T) {
 		testSchemaMerge(t, jsonMergeTests)
 	})
+	t.Run("large json merge tests", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testSchemaMerge(t, jsonMergeLargeDocumentTests(t))
+	})
 }
 
 var columnAddDropTests = []schemaMergeTest{
@@ -1207,6 +1215,13 @@ var jsonMergeTests = []schemaMergeTest{
 				right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, `{ "key1": "value1", "key2": "value4" }`),
 				merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, `{ "key1": "value3", "key2": "value4" }`),
 			},
+			{
+				name:     `parallel array modification`,
+				ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, `{"a": [1, 2, 1], "b":0, "c":0}`),
+				left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, `{"a": [2, 1, 2], "b":1, "c":0}`),
+				right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, `{"a": [2, 1, 2], "b":0, "c":1}`),
+				merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, `{"a": [2, 1, 2], "b":1, "c":1}`),
+			},
 			{
 				name:     `parallel deletion`,
 				ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, `{ "key1": "value1" }`),
@@ -1337,7 +1352,7 @@ var jsonMergeTests = []schemaMergeTest{
 				// Which array element should go first?
 				// We avoid making assumptions and flag this as a conflict.
 				name:         "object inside array conflict",
-				ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, `{ "key1": [ { } ] }`),
+				ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, `{ "key1": [ ] }`),
 				left:         singleRow(1, 2, 1, `{ "key1": [ { "key2": "value2" } ] }`),
 				right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, `{ "key1": [ { "key3": "value3" } ] }`),
 				dataConflict: true,
@@ -1354,10 +1369,244 @@ var jsonMergeTests = []schemaMergeTest{
 				right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, `{ "key1": [ 1, 2 ] }`),
 				dataConflict: true,
 			},
+			{
+				// Regression test: Older versions of json documents could accidentally think that $.aa is a child
+				// of $.a and see this as a conflict, even though it isn't one.
+				name:     "false positive conflict",
+				ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, `{ "a": 1, "aa":2 }`),
+				left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, `{ "aa":2 }`),
+				right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, `{ "a": 1, "aa": 3 }`),
+				merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, `{ "aa": 3 }`),
+			},
 		},
 	},
 }
 
+// newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue creates an IndexedJsonDocument from a provided value.
+func newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, ns tree.NodeStore, v interface{}) tree.IndexedJsonDocument {
+	doc, _, err := sqltypes.JSON.Convert(v)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	root, err := tree.SerializeJsonToAddr(ctx, ns, doc.(sql.JSONWrapper))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return tree.NewIndexedJsonDocument(ctx, root, ns)
+}
+
+// createLargeDocumentForTesting creates a JSON document large enough to be split across multiple chunks.
+// This is useful for testing mutation operations in large documents.
+// Every different possible jsonPathType appears on a chunk boundary, for better test coverage:
+// chunk 0 key: $[6].children[2].children[0].number(endOfValue)
+// chunk 2 key: $[7].children[5].children[4].children[2].children(arrayInitialElement)
+// chunk 5 key: $[8].children[6].children[4].children[3].children[0](startOfValue)
+// chunk 8 key: $[8].children[7].children[6].children[5].children[3].children[2].children[1](objectInitialElement)
+func createLargeDocumentForTesting(t *testing.T, ctx *sql.Context, ns tree.NodeStore) tree.IndexedJsonDocument {
+	leafDoc := make(map[string]interface{})
+	leafDoc["number"] = float64(1.0)
+	leafDoc["string"] = "dolt"
+	var docExpression sql.Expression = expression.NewLiteral(newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, leafDoc), sqltypes.JSON)
+	var err error
+
+	for level := 0; level < 8; level++ {
+		docExpression, err = json.NewJSONInsert(docExpression, expression.NewLiteral(fmt.Sprintf("$.level%d", level), sqltypes.Text), docExpression)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	doc, err := docExpression.Eval(ctx, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, doc)
+}
+
+func jsonMergeLargeDocumentTests(t *testing.T) []schemaMergeTest {
+	// Test for each possible case in the three-way merge code.
+	// Test for multiple diffs in the same chunk,
+	// multiple diffs in adjacent chunks (with a moved boundary)
+	// and multiple diffs in non-adjacent chunks.
+
+	ctx := sql.NewEmptyContext()
+	ns := tree.NewTestNodeStore()
+
+	largeObject := createLargeDocumentForTesting(t, ctx, ns)
+
+	insert := func(document sqltypes.MutableJSON, path string, val interface{}) sqltypes.MutableJSON {
+		jsonVal, inRange, err := sqltypes.JSON.Convert(val)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, (bool)(inRange))
+		newDoc, changed, err := document.Insert(ctx, path, jsonVal.(sql.JSONWrapper))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	set := func(document sqltypes.MutableJSON, path string, val interface{}) sqltypes.MutableJSON {
+		jsonVal, inRange, err := sqltypes.JSON.Convert(val)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, (bool)(inRange))
+		newDoc, changed, err := document.Replace(ctx, path, jsonVal.(sql.JSONWrapper))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	delete := func(document sqltypes.MutableJSON, path string) sqltypes.MutableJSON {
+		newDoc, changed, err := document.Remove(ctx, path)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	var largeJsonMergeTests = []schemaMergeTest{
+		{
+			name:     "json merge",
+			ancestor: *tbl(sch("CREATE TABLE t (id int PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, j json)")),
+			left:     tbl(sch("CREATE TABLE t (id int PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, j json)")),
+			right:    tbl(sch("CREATE TABLE t (id int PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, j json)")),
+			merged:   *tbl(sch("CREATE TABLE t (id int PRIMARY KEY, a int, b int, j json)")),
+			dataTests: []dataTest{
+				{
+					name:     "parallel insertion",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "convergent insertion",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.z", 2)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, insert(insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1), "$.z", 2)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "multiple insertions",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(insert(largeObject, "$.a1", 1), "$.z2", 2)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(insert(largeObject, "$.a2", 3), "$.z1", 4)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, insert(insert(insert(insert(largeObject, "$.z1", 4), "$.z2", 2), "$.a2", 3), "$.a1", 1)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "convergent insertion with escaped quotes in keys",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, `$."\"a\""`, 1)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, `$."\"z\""`, 2)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, insert(insert(largeObject, `$."\"a\""`, 1), `$."\"z\""`, 2)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "parallel modification",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, set(largeObject, "$.level7", 1)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level7", 1)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level7", 1)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "convergent modification",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, set(insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1), "$.level7", 2)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1), "$.a", 3)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, set(insert(largeObject, "$.a", 3), "$.level7", 2)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     `parallel deletion`,
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, largeObject),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, largeObject),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, largeObject),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     `convergent deletion`,
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1), "$.z", 2)),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.z", 2)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, largeObject),
+				},
+				{
+					name:         `divergent insertion`,
+					ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:         singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.z", 1)),
+					right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.z", 2)),
+					dataConflict: true,
+				},
+				{
+					name:         `divergent modification`,
+					ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:         singleRow(1, 2, 1, set(largeObject, "$.level7", 1)),
+					right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level7", 2)),
+					dataConflict: true,
+				},
+				{
+					name:         `divergent modification and deletion`,
+					ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 1)),
+					left:         singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.a", 2)),
+					right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, largeObject),
+					dataConflict: true,
+				},
+				{
+					name:     `nested insertion`,
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.level7.level4.new", map[string]interface{}{})),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.level7.level4.new", map[string]interface{}{"a": 1})),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.level7.level4.new", map[string]interface{}{"b": 2})),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, insert(largeObject, "$.level7.level4.new", map[string]interface{}{"a": 1, "b": 2})),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     `nested insertion with escaped quotes in keys`,
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, `$.level7.level4."\"new\""`, map[string]interface{}{})),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, insert(largeObject, `$.level7.level4."\"new\""`, map[string]interface{}{"a": 1})),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, insert(largeObject, `$.level7.level4."\"new\""`, map[string]interface{}{"b": 2})),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, insert(largeObject, `$.level7.level4."\"new\""`, map[string]interface{}{"a": 1, "b": 2})),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "nested convergent modification",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, set(largeObject, "$.level7.level4", 1)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level7.level5", 2)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, set(set(largeObject, "$.level7.level5", 2), "$.level7.level4", 1)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     `nested deletion`,
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, delete(largeObject, "$.level7")),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, delete(largeObject, "$.level6")),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, delete(delete(largeObject, "$.level6"), "$.level7")),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "complicated nested merge",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, delete(set(insert(largeObject, "$.added", 7), "$.level5.level1", 5), "$.level4")),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, delete(set(insert(largeObject, "$.level6.added", 8), "$.level1", 6), "$.level5.level2")),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, delete(set(insert(delete(set(insert(largeObject, "$.added", 7), "$.level5.level1", 5), "$.level4"), "$.level6.added", 8), "$.level1", 6), "$.level5.level2")),
+				},
+				{
+					name:     "changing types",
+					ancestor: singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:     singleRow(1, 2, 1, set(largeObject, "$.level3.number", `"dolt"`)),
+					right:    singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level4.string", 4)),
+					merged:   singleRow(1, 2, 2, set(set(largeObject, "$.level3.number", `"dolt"`), "$.level4.string", 4)),
+				},
+				{
+					name:         "changing types conflict",
+					ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:         singleRow(1, 2, 1, set(largeObject, "$.level4.string", []interface{}{})),
+					right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level4.string", 4)),
+					dataConflict: true,
+				},
+				{
+					name:         "object insert and modify conflict",
+					ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:         singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.level5.a", 5)),
+					right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, set(largeObject, "$.level5", 6)),
+					dataConflict: true,
+				},
+				{
+					name:         "object insert and delete conflict",
+					ancestor:     singleRow(1, 1, 1, largeObject),
+					left:         singleRow(1, 1, 1, insert(largeObject, "$.level5.a", 5)),
+					right:        singleRow(1, 1, 2, delete(largeObject, "$.level5")),
+					dataConflict: true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	return largeJsonMergeTests
+}
+
 func testSchemaMerge(t *testing.T, tests []schemaMergeTest) {
 	t.Run("merge left to right", func(t *testing.T) {
 		testSchemaMergeHelper(t, tests, false)
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/three_way_json_differ.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/three_way_json_differ.go
index 5bb89dff3e..d406b27596 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/three_way_json_differ.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/merge/three_way_json_differ.go
@@ -18,24 +18,18 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"io"
-	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/prolly/tree"
 )
 
 type ThreeWayJsonDiffer struct {
-	leftDiffer, rightDiffer           tree.JsonDiffer
+	leftDiffer, rightDiffer           tree.IJsonDiffer
 	leftCurrentDiff, rightCurrentDiff *tree.JsonDiff
 	leftIsDone, rightIsDone           bool
-}
-
-func NewThreeWayJsonDiffer(base, left, right types.JsonObject) ThreeWayJsonDiffer {
-	return ThreeWayJsonDiffer{
-		leftDiffer:  tree.NewJsonDiffer("$", base, left),
-		rightDiffer: tree.NewJsonDiffer("$", base, right),
-	}
+	ns                                tree.NodeStore
 }
 
 type ThreeWayJsonDiff struct {
@@ -43,13 +37,13 @@ type ThreeWayJsonDiff struct {
 	Op tree.DiffOp
 	// a partial set of document values are set
 	// depending on the diffOp
-	Key                       string
-	Base, Left, Right, Merged *types.JSONDocument
+	Key                 []byte
+	Left, Right, Merged sql.JSONWrapper
 }
 
 func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (ThreeWayJsonDiff, error) {
 	for {
-		err := differ.loadNextDiff()
+		err := differ.loadNextDiff(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ThreeWayJsonDiff{}, err
 		}
@@ -66,13 +60,22 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (ThreeWayJsonDiff, e
 		// !differ.rightIsDone && !differ.leftIsDone
 		leftDiff := differ.leftCurrentDiff
 		rightDiff := differ.rightCurrentDiff
-		cmp := bytes.Compare([]byte(leftDiff.Key), []byte(rightDiff.Key))
+		leftKey := leftDiff.Key
+		rightKey := rightDiff.Key
+
+		cmp := bytes.Compare(leftKey, rightKey)
+		// If both sides modify the same array to different values, we currently consider that to be a conflict.
+		// This may be relaxed in the future.
+		if cmp != 0 && tree.JsonKeysModifySameArray(leftKey, rightKey) {
+			result := ThreeWayJsonDiff{
+				Op: tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyConflict,
+			}
+			return result, nil
+		}
 		if cmp > 0 {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(leftDiff.Key, rightDiff.Key) {
-				// The left diff must be replacing or deleting an object,
-				// and the right diff makes changes to that object.
-				// Note the fact that all keys in these paths are quoted means we don't have to worry about
-				// one key being a prefix of the other and triggering a false positive here.
+			if tree.IsJsonKeyPrefix(leftKey, rightKey) {
+				// The right diff must be replacing or deleting an object,
+				// and the left diff makes changes to that object.
 				result := ThreeWayJsonDiff{
 					Op: tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyConflict,
 				}
@@ -82,11 +85,9 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (ThreeWayJsonDiff, e
 			// key only changed on right
 			return differ.processRightSideOnlyDiff(), nil
 		} else if cmp < 0 {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(rightDiff.Key, leftDiff.Key) {
+			if tree.IsJsonKeyPrefix(rightKey, leftKey) {
 				// The right diff must be replacing or deleting an object,
 				// and the left diff makes changes to that object.
-				// Note the fact that all keys in these paths are quoted means we don't have to worry about
-				// one key being a prefix of the other and triggering a false positive here.
 				result := ThreeWayJsonDiff{
 					Op: tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyConflict,
 				}
@@ -101,12 +102,12 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (ThreeWayJsonDiff, e
 			if differ.leftCurrentDiff.From == nil {
 				// Key did not exist at base, so both sides are inserts.
 				// Check that they're inserting the same value.
-				valueCmp, err := differ.leftCurrentDiff.To.Compare(differ.rightCurrentDiff.To)
+				valueCmp, err := types.CompareJSON(differ.leftCurrentDiff.To, differ.rightCurrentDiff.To)
 				if err != nil {
 					return ThreeWayJsonDiff{}, err
 				}
 				if valueCmp == 0 {
-					return differ.processMergedDiff(tree.DiffOpConvergentModify, differ.leftCurrentDiff.To), nil
+					return differ.processMergedDiff(tree.DiffOpConvergentAdd, differ.leftCurrentDiff.To), nil
 				} else {
 					return differ.processMergedDiff(tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyConflict, nil), nil
 				}
@@ -120,24 +121,24 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (ThreeWayJsonDiff, e
 			// If the key existed at base, we can do a recursive three-way merge to resolve
 			// changes to the values.
 			// This shouldn't be necessary: if its an object on all three branches, the original diff is recursive.
-			mergedValue, conflict, err := mergeJSON(ctx, *differ.leftCurrentDiff.From,
-				*differ.leftCurrentDiff.To,
-				*differ.rightCurrentDiff.To)
+			mergedValue, conflict, err := mergeJSON(ctx, differ.ns, differ.leftCurrentDiff.From,
+				differ.leftCurrentDiff.To,
+				differ.rightCurrentDiff.To)
 			if err != nil {
 				return ThreeWayJsonDiff{}, err
 			}
 			if conflict {
 				return differ.processMergedDiff(tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyConflict, nil), nil
 			} else {
-				return differ.processMergedDiff(tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyResolved, &mergedValue), nil
+				return differ.processMergedDiff(tree.DiffOpDivergentModifyResolved, mergedValue), nil
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) loadNextDiff() error {
+func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) loadNextDiff(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if differ.leftCurrentDiff == nil && !differ.leftIsDone {
-		newLeftDiff, err := differ.leftDiffer.Next()
+		newLeftDiff, err := differ.leftDiffer.Next(ctx)
 		if err == io.EOF {
 			differ.leftIsDone = true
 		} else if err != nil {
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) loadNextDiff() error {
 		}
 	}
 	if differ.rightCurrentDiff == nil && !differ.rightIsDone {
-		newRightDiff, err := differ.rightDiffer.Next()
+		newRightDiff, err := differ.rightDiffer.Next(ctx)
 		if err == io.EOF {
 			differ.rightIsDone = true
 		} else if err != nil {
@@ -172,9 +173,8 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) processRightSideOnlyDiff() ThreeWayJsonDiff {
 
 	case tree.RemovedDiff:
 		result := ThreeWayJsonDiff{
-			Op:   tree.DiffOpRightDelete,
-			Key:  differ.rightCurrentDiff.Key,
-			Base: differ.rightCurrentDiff.From,
+			Op:  tree.DiffOpRightDelete,
+			Key: differ.rightCurrentDiff.Key,
 		}
 		differ.rightCurrentDiff = nil
 		return result
@@ -183,7 +183,6 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) processRightSideOnlyDiff() ThreeWayJsonDiff {
 		result := ThreeWayJsonDiff{
 			Op:    tree.DiffOpRightModify,
 			Key:   differ.rightCurrentDiff.Key,
-			Base:  differ.rightCurrentDiff.From,
 			Right: differ.rightCurrentDiff.To,
 		}
 		differ.rightCurrentDiff = nil
@@ -193,11 +192,10 @@ func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) processRightSideOnlyDiff() ThreeWayJsonDiff {
 	}
 }
 
-func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) processMergedDiff(op tree.DiffOp, merged *types.JSONDocument) ThreeWayJsonDiff {
+func (differ *ThreeWayJsonDiffer) processMergedDiff(op tree.DiffOp, merged sql.JSONWrapper) ThreeWayJsonDiff {
 	result := ThreeWayJsonDiff{
 		Op:     op,
 		Key:    differ.leftCurrentDiff.Key,
-		Base:   differ.leftCurrentDiff.From,
 		Left:   differ.leftCurrentDiff.To,
 		Right:  differ.rightCurrentDiff.To,
 		Merged: merged,
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_coll.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_coll.go
index c09f256ae7..00c8c71c6d 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_coll.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_coll.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ type IndexCollection interface {
 	Equals(other IndexCollection) bool
 	// GetByName returns the index with the given name, or nil if it does not exist.
 	GetByName(indexName string) Index
-	// GetByName returns the index with a matching case-insensitive name, the bool return value indicates if a match was found.
+	// GetByNameCaseInsensitive returns the index with a matching case-insensitive name, the bool return value indicates if a match was found.
 	GetByNameCaseInsensitive(indexName string) (Index, bool)
 	// GetIndexByColumnNames returns whether the collection contains an index that has this exact collection and ordering of columns.
 	GetIndexByColumnNames(cols ...string) (Index, bool)
@@ -173,10 +173,6 @@ func (ixc *indexCollectionImpl) AddIndex(indexes ...Index) {
 		if ok {
 			ixc.removeIndex(oldNamedIndex)
 		}
-		oldTaggedIndex := ixc.containsColumnTagCollection(index.tags...)
-		if oldTaggedIndex != nil {
-			ixc.removeIndex(oldTaggedIndex)
-		}
 		ixc.indexes[lowerName] = index
 		for _, tag := range index.tags {
 			ixc.colTagToIndex[tag] = append(ixc.colTagToIndex[tag], index)
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_test.go
index 5c3ad696c9..c5b65ebadf 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_test.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/index_test.go
@@ -84,56 +84,30 @@ func TestIndexCollectionAddIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		indexColl.clear(t)
 	}
 
-	const prefix = "new_"
-
-	t.Run("Tag Overwrites", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Duplicate column set", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, testIndex := range testIndexes {
 			indexColl.AddIndex(testIndex)
 			newIndex := testIndex.copy()
-			newIndex.name = prefix + testIndex.name
+			newIndex.name = "dupe_" + testIndex.name
 			indexColl.AddIndex(newIndex)
 			assert.Equal(t, newIndex, indexColl.GetByName(newIndex.Name()))
-			assert.Nil(t, indexColl.GetByName(testIndex.Name()))
+			assert.Equal(t, testIndex, indexColl.GetByName(testIndex.Name()))
 			assert.Contains(t, indexColl.AllIndexes(), newIndex)
-			assert.NotContains(t, indexColl.AllIndexes(), testIndex)
+			assert.Contains(t, indexColl.AllIndexes(), testIndex)
 			for _, tag := range newIndex.IndexedColumnTags() {
 				assert.Contains(t, indexColl.IndexesWithTag(tag), newIndex)
-				assert.NotContains(t, indexColl.IndexesWithTag(tag), testIndex)
+				assert.Contains(t, indexColl.IndexesWithTag(tag), testIndex)
 			}
 			for _, col := range newIndex.ColumnNames() {
 				assert.Contains(t, indexColl.IndexesWithColumn(col), newIndex)
-				assert.NotContains(t, indexColl.IndexesWithColumn(col), testIndex)
+				assert.Contains(t, indexColl.IndexesWithColumn(col), testIndex)
 			}
 			assert.True(t, indexColl.Contains(newIndex.Name()))
-			assert.False(t, indexColl.Contains(testIndex.Name()))
+			assert.True(t, indexColl.Contains(testIndex.Name()))
 			assert.True(t, indexColl.hasIndexOnColumns(newIndex.ColumnNames()...))
 			assert.True(t, indexColl.hasIndexOnTags(newIndex.IndexedColumnTags()...))
 		}
 	})
-
-	t.Run("Name Overwrites", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// should be able to reduce collection to one index
-		lastStanding := &indexImpl{
-			name:      "none",
-			tags:      []uint64{4},
-			allTags:   []uint64{4, 1, 2},
-			indexColl: indexColl,
-		}
-
-		for _, testIndex := range testIndexes {
-			lastStanding.name = prefix + testIndex.name
-			indexColl.AddIndex(lastStanding)
-		}
-
-		assert.Equal(t, map[string]*indexImpl{lastStanding.name: lastStanding}, indexColl.indexes)
-		for tag, indexes := range indexColl.colTagToIndex {
-			if tag == 4 {
-				assert.Equal(t, indexes, []*indexImpl{lastStanding})
-			} else {
-				assert.Empty(t, indexes)
-			}
-		}
-	})
 }
 
 func TestIndexCollectionAddIndexByColNames(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/typeinfo/int_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/typeinfo/int_test.go
index 2b6b12f66a..cf0928dcb4 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/typeinfo/int_test.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/schema/typeinfo/int_test.go
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ func TestIntParseValue(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			Int64Type,
 			"100.5",
-			100,
+			101,
 			false,
 		},
 		{
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database.go
index 1151f6f2c5..25af5c0ad0 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database.go
@@ -397,6 +397,17 @@ func (db Database) getTableInsensitive(ctx *sql.Context, head *doltdb.Commit, ds
 			return nil, false, err
 		}
 		return dt, true, nil
+	case strings.HasPrefix(lwrName, doltdb.DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix):
+		sess := dsess.DSessFromSess(ctx.Session)
+		roots, _ := sess.GetRoots(ctx, db.RevisionQualifiedName())
+
+		userTable := tblName[len(doltdb.DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix):]
+
+		dt, err := dtables.NewWorkspaceTable(ctx, userTable, roots)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		return dt, true, nil
 	}
 
 	var dt sql.Table
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database_provider.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database_provider.go
index 8abe6ca785..6413a5f7dd 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database_provider.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/database_provider.go
@@ -1289,12 +1289,12 @@ func (p *DoltDatabaseProvider) SessionDatabase(ctx *sql.Context, name string) (d
 }
 
 // Function implements the FunctionProvider interface
-func (p *DoltDatabaseProvider) Function(_ *sql.Context, name string) (sql.Function, error) {
+func (p *DoltDatabaseProvider) Function(_ *sql.Context, name string) (sql.Function, bool) {
 	fn, ok := p.functions[strings.ToLower(name)]
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, sql.ErrFunctionNotFound.New(name)
+		return nil, false
 	}
-	return fn, nil
+	return fn, true
 }
 
 func (p *DoltDatabaseProvider) Register(d sql.ExternalStoredProcedureDetails) {
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_diff_table_function.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_diff_table_function.go
index 6d0b01c861..8200aa99e8 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_diff_table_function.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_diff_table_function.go
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ func (dtf *DiffTableFunction) RowIter(ctx *sql.Context, _ sql.Row) (sql.RowIter,
 	ddb := sqledb.DbData().Ddb
 	dp := dtables.NewDiffPartition(dtf.tableDelta.ToTable, dtf.tableDelta.FromTable, toCommitStr, fromCommitStr, dtf.toDate, dtf.fromDate, dtf.tableDelta.ToSch, dtf.tableDelta.FromSch)
 
-	return dtables.NewDiffPartitionRowIter(*dp, ddb, dtf.joiner), nil
+	return dtables.NewDiffPartitionRowIter(dp, ddb, dtf.joiner), nil
 }
 
 // findMatchingDelta returns the best matching table delta for the table name
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_patch_table_function.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_patch_table_function.go
index 6c5bba841b..1a6732e60d 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_patch_table_function.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dolt_patch_table_function.go
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ func getDiffQuery(ctx *sql.Context, dbData env.DbData, td diff.TableDelta, fromR
 	diffQuerySqlSch, projections := getDiffQuerySqlSchemaAndProjections(diffPKSch.Schema, columnsWithDiff)
 
 	dp := dtables.NewDiffPartition(td.ToTable, td.FromTable, toRefDetails.hashStr, fromRefDetails.hashStr, toRefDetails.commitTime, fromRefDetails.commitTime, td.ToSch, td.FromSch)
-	ri := dtables.NewDiffPartitionRowIter(*dp, dbData.Ddb, j)
+	ri := dtables.NewDiffPartitionRowIter(dp, dbData.Ddb, j)
 
 	return diffQuerySqlSch, projections, ri, nil
 }
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_cherry_pick.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_cherry_pick.go
index 645f9bafe3..7c6d39021a 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_cherry_pick.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_cherry_pick.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/cmd/dolt/cli"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/branch_control"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/cherry_pick"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb"
 )
 
 var ErrEmptyCherryPick = errors.New("cannot cherry-pick empty string")
@@ -95,7 +96,14 @@ func doDoltCherryPick(ctx *sql.Context, args []string) (string, int, int, int, e
 		return "", 0, 0, 0, ErrEmptyCherryPick
 	}
 
-	commit, mergeResult, err := cherry_pick.CherryPick(ctx, cherryStr, cherry_pick.CherryPickOptions{})
+	cherryPickOptions := cherry_pick.NewCherryPickOptions()
+
+	// If --allow-empty is specified, then empty commits are allowed to be cherry-picked
+	if apr.Contains(cli.AllowEmptyFlag) {
+		cherryPickOptions.EmptyCommitHandling = doltdb.KeepEmptyCommit
+	}
+
+	commit, mergeResult, err := cherry_pick.CherryPick(ctx, cherryStr, cherryPickOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", 0, 0, 0, err
 	}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_rebase.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_rebase.go
index ca789beda6..d3296ed2a6 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_rebase.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dprocedures/dolt_rebase.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package dprocedures
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/rebase"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/ref"
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dsess"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/utils/argparser"
 )
 
 var doltRebaseProcedureSchema = []*sql.Column{
@@ -134,6 +136,15 @@ func doDoltRebase(ctx *sql.Context, args []string) (int, string, error) {
 		}
 
 	default:
+		commitBecomesEmptyHandling, err := processCommitBecomesEmptyParams(apr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 1, "", err
+		}
+
+		// The default, in rebase, for handling commits that start off empty is to keep them
+		// TODO: Add support for --keep-empty and --no-keep-empty flags
+		emptyCommitHandling := doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling(doltdb.KeepEmptyCommit)
+
 		if apr.NArg() == 0 {
 			return 1, "", fmt.Errorf("not enough args")
 		} else if apr.NArg() > 1 {
@@ -142,7 +153,7 @@ func doDoltRebase(ctx *sql.Context, args []string) (int, string, error) {
 		if !apr.Contains(cli.InteractiveFlag) {
 			return 1, "", fmt.Errorf("non-interactive rebases not currently supported")
 		}
-		err = startRebase(ctx, apr.Arg(0))
+		err = startRebase(ctx, apr.Arg(0), commitBecomesEmptyHandling, emptyCommitHandling)
 		if err != nil {
 			return 1, "", err
 		}
@@ -158,7 +169,33 @@ func doDoltRebase(ctx *sql.Context, args []string) (int, string, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func startRebase(ctx *sql.Context, upstreamPoint string) error {
+// processCommitBecomesEmptyParams examines the parsed arguments in |apr| for the "empty" arg
+// and returns the empty commit handling strategy to use when a commit being rebased becomes
+// empty. If an invalid argument value is encountered, an error is returned.
+func processCommitBecomesEmptyParams(apr *argparser.ArgParseResults) (doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling, error) {
+	commitBecomesEmptyParam, isCommitBecomesEmptySpecified := apr.GetValue(cli.EmptyParam)
+	if !isCommitBecomesEmptySpecified {
+		// If no option is specified, then by default, commits that become empty are dropped. Git has the same
+		// default for non-interactive rebases; for interactive rebases, Git uses the default action of "stop" to
+		// let the user examine the changes and decide what to do next. We don't support the "stop" action yet, so
+		// we default to "drop" even in the interactive rebase case.
+		return doltdb.DropEmptyCommit, nil
+	}
+
+	if strings.EqualFold(commitBecomesEmptyParam, "keep") {
+		return doltdb.KeepEmptyCommit, nil
+	} else if strings.EqualFold(commitBecomesEmptyParam, "drop") {
+		return doltdb.DropEmptyCommit, nil
+	} else {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf("unsupported option for the empty flag (%s); "+
+			"only 'keep' or 'drop' are allowed", commitBecomesEmptyParam)
+	}
+}
+
+// startRebase starts a new interactive rebase operation. |upstreamPoint| specifies the commit where the new rebased
+// commits will be based off of, |commitBecomesEmptyHandling| specifies how to  handle commits that are not empty, but
+// do not produce any changes when applied, and |emptyCommitHandling| specifies how to handle empty commits.
+func startRebase(ctx *sql.Context, upstreamPoint string, commitBecomesEmptyHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling, emptyCommitHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling) error {
 	if upstreamPoint == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no upstream branch specified")
 	}
@@ -245,7 +282,8 @@ func startRebase(ctx *sql.Context, upstreamPoint string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	newWorkingSet, err := workingSet.StartRebase(ctx, upstreamCommit, rebaseBranch, branchRoots.Working)
+	newWorkingSet, err := workingSet.StartRebase(ctx, upstreamCommit, rebaseBranch, branchRoots.Working,
+		commitBecomesEmptyHandling, emptyCommitHandling)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -415,7 +453,9 @@ func continueRebase(ctx *sql.Context) (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, step := range rebasePlan.Steps {
-		err = processRebasePlanStep(ctx, &step)
+		err = processRebasePlanStep(ctx, &step,
+			workingSet.RebaseState().CommitBecomesEmptyHandling(),
+			workingSet.RebaseState().EmptyCommitHandling())
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err
 		}
@@ -471,7 +511,8 @@ func continueRebase(ctx *sql.Context) (string, error) {
 	}, doltSession.Provider(), nil)
 }
 
-func processRebasePlanStep(ctx *sql.Context, planStep *rebase.RebasePlanStep) error {
+func processRebasePlanStep(ctx *sql.Context, planStep *rebase.RebasePlanStep,
+	commitBecomesEmptyHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling, emptyCommitHandling doltdb.EmptyCommitHandling) error {
 	// Make sure we have a transaction opened for the session
 	// NOTE: After our first call to cherry-pick, the tx is committed, so a new tx needs to be started
 	//       as we process additional rebase actions.
@@ -483,19 +524,24 @@ func processRebasePlanStep(ctx *sql.Context, planStep *rebase.RebasePlanStep) er
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Override the default empty commit handling options for cherry-pick, since
+	// rebase has slightly different defaults
+	options := cherry_pick.NewCherryPickOptions()
+	options.CommitBecomesEmptyHandling = commitBecomesEmptyHandling
+	options.EmptyCommitHandling = emptyCommitHandling
+
 	switch planStep.Action {
 	case rebase.RebaseActionDrop:
 		return nil
 
 	case rebase.RebaseActionPick, rebase.RebaseActionReword:
-		options := cherry_pick.CherryPickOptions{}
 		if planStep.Action == rebase.RebaseActionReword {
 			options.CommitMessage = planStep.CommitMsg
 		}
 		return handleRebaseCherryPick(ctx, planStep.CommitHash, options)
 
 	case rebase.RebaseActionSquash, rebase.RebaseActionFixup:
-		options := cherry_pick.CherryPickOptions{Amend: true}
+		options.Amend = true
 		if planStep.Action == rebase.RebaseActionSquash {
 			commitMessage, err := squashCommitMessage(ctx, planStep.CommitHash)
 			if err != nil {
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/column_diff_table.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/column_diff_table.go
index 3e18c307c5..27b4417cdf 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/column_diff_table.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/column_diff_table.go
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ func calculateColDelta(ctx *sql.Context, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, delta *diff.TableDe
 	now := time.Now() // accurate commit time returned elsewhere
 	// TODO: schema name?
 	dp := NewDiffPartition(delta.ToTable, delta.FromTable, delta.ToName.Name, delta.FromName.Name, (*dtypes.Timestamp)(&now), (*dtypes.Timestamp)(&now), delta.ToSch, delta.FromSch)
-	ri := NewDiffPartitionRowIter(*dp, ddb, j)
+	ri := NewDiffPartitionRowIter(dp, ddb, j)
 
 	var resultColNames []string
 	var resultDiffTypes []string
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_iter.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_iter.go
index 5e284a8a30..464c781375 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_iter.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_iter.go
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/val"
 )
 
-type diffRowItr struct {
+// ldDiffRowItr is a sql.RowIter implementation which iterates over an LD formated DB in order to generate the
+// dolt_diff_{table} results. This is legacy code at this point, as the DOLT format is what we'll support going forward.
+type ldDiffRowItr struct {
 	ad             diff.RowDiffer
 	diffSrc        *diff.RowDiffSource
 	joiner         *rowconv.Joiner
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ type diffRowItr struct {
 	toCommitInfo   commitInfo
 }
 
-var _ sql.RowIter = &diffRowItr{}
+var _ sql.RowIter = &ldDiffRowItr{}
 
 type commitInfo struct {
 	name    types.String
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ type commitInfo struct {
 	dateTag uint64
 }
 
-func newNomsDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner *rowconv.Joiner, dp DiffPartition, lookup sql.IndexLookup) (*diffRowItr, error) {
+func newLdDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner *rowconv.Joiner, dp DiffPartition, lookup sql.IndexLookup) (*ldDiffRowItr, error) {
 	fromData, fromSch, err := tableData(ctx, dp.from, ddb)
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ func newNomsDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner *rowconv.Joine
 	src := diff.NewRowDiffSource(rd, joiner, ctx.Warn)
 	src.AddInputRowConversion(fromConv, toConv)
 
-	return &diffRowItr{
+	return &ldDiffRowItr{
 		ad:             rd,
 		diffSrc:        src,
 		joiner:         joiner,
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ func newNomsDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner *rowconv.Joine
 }
 
 // Next returns the next row
-func (itr *diffRowItr) Next(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.Row, error) {
+func (itr *ldDiffRowItr) Next(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.Row, error) {
 	r, err := itr.diffSrc.NextDiff()
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ func (itr *diffRowItr) Next(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.Row, error) {
 }
 
 // Close closes the iterator
-func (itr *diffRowItr) Close(*sql.Context) (err error) {
+func (itr *ldDiffRowItr) Close(*sql.Context) (err error) {
 	defer itr.ad.Close()
 	defer func() {
 		closeErr := itr.diffSrc.Close()
@@ -203,7 +205,6 @@ type prollyDiffIter struct {
 	fromSch, toSch             schema.Schema
 	targetFromSch, targetToSch schema.Schema
 	fromConverter, toConverter ProllyRowConverter
-	fromVD, toVD               val.TupleDesc
 	keyless                    bool
 
 	fromCm commitInfo2
@@ -285,8 +286,6 @@ func newProllyDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, dp DiffPartition, targetFromSchema, tar
 		return prollyDiffIter{}, err
 	}
 
-	fromVD := fsch.GetValueDescriptor()
-	toVD := tsch.GetValueDescriptor()
 	keyless := schema.IsKeyless(targetFromSchema) && schema.IsKeyless(targetToSchema)
 	child, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	iter := prollyDiffIter{
@@ -298,8 +297,6 @@ func newProllyDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, dp DiffPartition, targetFromSchema, tar
 		targetToSch:   targetToSchema,
 		fromConverter: fromConverter,
 		toConverter:   toConverter,
-		fromVD:        fromVD,
-		toVD:          toVD,
 		keyless:       keyless,
 		fromCm:        fromCm,
 		toCm:          toCm,
@@ -372,7 +369,7 @@ func (itr prollyDiffIter) queueRows(ctx context.Context) {
 // todo(andy): copy string fields
 func (itr prollyDiffIter) makeDiffRowItr(ctx context.Context, d tree.Diff) (*repeatingRowIter, error) {
 	if !itr.keyless {
-		r, err := itr.getDiffRow(ctx, d)
+		r, err := itr.getDiffTableRow(ctx, d)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -404,7 +401,7 @@ func (itr prollyDiffIter) getDiffRowAndCardinality(ctx context.Context, d tree.D
 		}
 	}
 
-	r, err = itr.getDiffRow(ctx, d)
+	r, err = itr.getDiffTableRow(ctx, d)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -412,7 +409,9 @@ func (itr prollyDiffIter) getDiffRowAndCardinality(ctx context.Context, d tree.D
 	return r, n, nil
 }
 
-func (itr prollyDiffIter) getDiffRow(ctx context.Context, dif tree.Diff) (row sql.Row, err error) {
+// getDiffTableRow returns a row for the diff table given the diff type and the row from the source and target tables. The
+// output schema is intended for dolt_diff_* tables and dolt_diff function.
+func (itr prollyDiffIter) getDiffTableRow(ctx context.Context, dif tree.Diff) (row sql.Row, err error) {
 	tLen := schemaSize(itr.targetToSch)
 	fLen := schemaSize(itr.targetFromSch)
 
@@ -500,16 +499,15 @@ func maybeTime(t *time.Time) interface{} {
 var _ sql.RowIter = (*diffPartitionRowIter)(nil)
 
 type diffPartitionRowIter struct {
-	diffPartitions   *DiffPartitions
 	ddb              *doltdb.DoltDB
 	joiner           *rowconv.Joiner
-	currentPartition *sql.Partition
+	currentPartition *DiffPartition
 	currentRowIter   *sql.RowIter
 }
 
-func NewDiffPartitionRowIter(partition sql.Partition, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner *rowconv.Joiner) *diffPartitionRowIter {
+func NewDiffPartitionRowIter(partition *DiffPartition, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner *rowconv.Joiner) *diffPartitionRowIter {
 	return &diffPartitionRowIter{
-		currentPartition: &partition,
+		currentPartition: partition,
 		ddb:              ddb,
 		joiner:           joiner,
 	}
@@ -518,16 +516,10 @@ func NewDiffPartitionRowIter(partition sql.Partition, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner
 func (itr *diffPartitionRowIter) Next(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.Row, error) {
 	for {
 		if itr.currentPartition == nil {
-			nextPartition, err := itr.diffPartitions.Next(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			itr.currentPartition = &nextPartition
+			return nil, io.EOF
 		}
-
 		if itr.currentRowIter == nil {
-			dp := (*itr.currentPartition).(DiffPartition)
-			rowIter, err := dp.GetRowIter(ctx, itr.ddb, itr.joiner, sql.IndexLookup{})
+			rowIter, err := itr.currentPartition.GetRowIter(ctx, itr.ddb, itr.joiner, sql.IndexLookup{})
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -538,12 +530,7 @@ func (itr *diffPartitionRowIter) Next(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.Row, error) {
 		if err == io.EOF {
 			itr.currentPartition = nil
 			itr.currentRowIter = nil
-
-			if itr.diffPartitions == nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			continue
+			return nil, err
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		} else {
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_table.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_table.go
index 1651c4c56b..f20e95f71a 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_table.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/diff_table.go
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ func (dp DiffPartition) GetRowIter(ctx *sql.Context, ddb *doltdb.DoltDB, joiner
 	if types.IsFormat_DOLT(ddb.Format()) {
 		return newProllyDiffIter(ctx, dp, dp.fromSch, dp.toSch)
 	} else {
-		return newNomsDiffIter(ctx, ddb, joiner, dp, lookup)
+		return newLdDiffIter(ctx, ddb, joiner, dp, lookup)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/workspace.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/workspace.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30481c71be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/dtables/workspace.go
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package dtables
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
+	sqltypes "github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
+
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/diff"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/doltdb/durable"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/schema"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/index"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/resolve"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlutil"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/prolly"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/prolly/tree"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/types"
+	"github.com/dolthub/dolt/go/store/val"
+)
+
+type WorkspaceTable struct {
+	roots         doltdb.Roots
+	tableName     string
+	nomsSchema    schema.Schema
+	sqlSchema     sql.Schema
+	stagedDeltas  *diff.TableDelta
+	workingDeltas *diff.TableDelta
+
+	headSchema schema.Schema
+}
+
+var _ sql.Table = (*WorkspaceTable)(nil)
+
+func NewWorkspaceTable(ctx *sql.Context, tblName string, roots doltdb.Roots) (sql.Table, error) {
+	stageDlt, err := diff.GetTableDeltas(ctx, roots.Head, roots.Staged)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var stgDel *diff.TableDelta
+	for _, delta := range stageDlt {
+		if delta.FromName.Name == tblName || delta.ToName.Name == tblName {
+			stgDel = &delta
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	workingDlt, err := diff.GetTableDeltas(ctx, roots.Head, roots.Working)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var wkDel *diff.TableDelta
+	for _, delta := range workingDlt {
+		if delta.FromName.Name == tblName || delta.ToName.Name == tblName {
+			wkDel = &delta
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if wkDel == nil && stgDel == nil {
+		emptyTable := emptyWorkspaceTable{tableName: tblName}
+		return &emptyTable, nil
+	}
+
+	var fromSch schema.Schema
+	if stgDel != nil && stgDel.FromTable != nil {
+		fromSch, err = stgDel.FromTable.GetSchema(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else if wkDel != nil && wkDel.FromTable != nil {
+		fromSch, err = wkDel.FromTable.GetSchema(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	toSch := fromSch
+	if wkDel != nil && wkDel.ToTable != nil {
+		toSch, err = wkDel.ToTable.GetSchema(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else if stgDel != nil && stgDel.ToTable != nil {
+		toSch, err = stgDel.ToTable.GetSchema(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if fromSch == nil && toSch == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("Runtime error: from and to schemas are both nil")
+	}
+	if fromSch == nil {
+		fromSch = toSch
+	}
+
+	totalSch, err := workspaceSchema(fromSch, toSch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	finalSch, err := sqlutil.FromDoltSchema("", "", totalSch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &WorkspaceTable{
+		roots:         roots,
+		tableName:     tblName,
+		nomsSchema:    totalSch,
+		sqlSchema:     finalSch.Schema,
+		stagedDeltas:  stgDel,
+		workingDeltas: wkDel,
+		headSchema:    fromSch,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (wt *WorkspaceTable) Name() string {
+	return doltdb.DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix + wt.tableName
+}
+
+func (wt *WorkspaceTable) String() string {
+	return wt.Name()
+}
+
+func (wt *WorkspaceTable) Schema() sql.Schema {
+	return wt.sqlSchema
+}
+
+// CalculateDiffSchema returns the schema for the dolt_diff table based on the schemas from the from and to tables.
+// Either may be nil, in which case the nil argument will use the schema of the non-nil argument
+func workspaceSchema(fromSch, toSch schema.Schema) (schema.Schema, error) {
+	if fromSch == nil && toSch == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("Runtime error:non-nil argument required to CalculateDiffSchema")
+	} else if fromSch == nil {
+		fromSch = toSch
+	} else if toSch == nil {
+		toSch = fromSch
+	}
+
+	cols := make([]schema.Column, 0, 3+toSch.GetAllCols().Size()+fromSch.GetAllCols().Size())
+
+	cols = append(cols,
+		schema.NewColumn("id", 0, types.UintKind, true),
+		schema.NewColumn("staged", 0, types.BoolKind, false),
+		schema.NewColumn("diff_type", 0, types.StringKind, false),
+	)
+
+	transformer := func(sch schema.Schema, namer func(string) string) error {
+		return sch.GetAllCols().Iter(func(tag uint64, col schema.Column) (stop bool, err error) {
+			c, err := schema.NewColumnWithTypeInfo(
+				namer(col.Name),
+				uint64(len(cols)),
+				col.TypeInfo,
+				false,
+				col.Default,
+				false,
+				col.Comment)
+			if err != nil {
+				return true, err
+			}
+			cols = append(cols, c)
+			return false, nil
+		})
+	}
+
+	err := transformer(toSch, diff.ToColNamer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	err = transformer(fromSch, diff.FromColNamer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return schema.UnkeyedSchemaFromCols(schema.NewColCollection(cols...)), nil
+}
+
+func (wt *WorkspaceTable) Collation() sql.CollationID { return sql.Collation_Default }
+
+type WorkspacePartitionItr struct {
+	partition *WorkspacePartition
+}
+
+func (w *WorkspacePartitionItr) Close(_ *sql.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *WorkspacePartitionItr) Next(_ *sql.Context) (sql.Partition, error) {
+	if w.partition == nil {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+	ans := w.partition
+	w.partition = nil
+	return ans, nil
+}
+
+type WorkspacePartition struct {
+	name       string
+	base       *doltdb.Table
+	baseSch    schema.Schema
+	working    *doltdb.Table
+	workingSch schema.Schema
+	staging    *doltdb.Table
+	stagingSch schema.Schema
+}
+
+var _ sql.Partition = (*WorkspacePartition)(nil)
+
+func (w *WorkspacePartition) Key() []byte {
+	return []byte(w.name)
+}
+
+func (wt *WorkspaceTable) Partitions(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.PartitionIter, error) {
+	_, baseTable, baseTableExists, err := resolve.Table(ctx, wt.roots.Head, wt.tableName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var baseSchema schema.Schema = schema.EmptySchema
+	if baseTableExists {
+		if baseSchema, err = baseTable.GetSchema(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, stagingTable, stagingTableExists, err := resolve.Table(ctx, wt.roots.Staged, wt.tableName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var stagingSchema schema.Schema = schema.EmptySchema
+	if stagingTableExists {
+		if stagingSchema, err = stagingTable.GetSchema(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, workingTable, workingTableExists, err := resolve.Table(ctx, wt.roots.Working, wt.tableName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var workingSchema schema.Schema = schema.EmptySchema
+	if workingTableExists {
+		if workingSchema, err = workingTable.GetSchema(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	part := WorkspacePartition{
+		name:       wt.Name(),
+		base:       baseTable,
+		baseSch:    baseSchema,
+		staging:    stagingTable,
+		stagingSch: stagingSchema,
+		working:    workingTable,
+		workingSch: workingSchema,
+	}
+
+	return &WorkspacePartitionItr{&part}, nil
+}
+
+func (wt *WorkspaceTable) PartitionRows(ctx *sql.Context, part sql.Partition) (sql.RowIter, error) {
+	wp, ok := part.(*WorkspacePartition)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Runtime Exception: expected a WorkspacePartition, got %T", part)
+	}
+
+	return newWorkspaceDiffIter(ctx, *wp)
+}
+
+// workspaceDiffIter enables the iteration over the diff information between the HEAD, STAGING, and WORKING roots.
+type workspaceDiffIter struct {
+	base    prolly.Map
+	working prolly.Map
+	staging prolly.Map
+
+	baseConverter    ProllyRowConverter
+	workingConverter ProllyRowConverter
+	stagingConverter ProllyRowConverter
+
+	tgtBaseSch    schema.Schema
+	tgtWorkingSch schema.Schema
+	tgtStagingSch schema.Schema
+
+	rows    chan sql.Row
+	errChan chan error
+	cancel  func()
+}
+
+func (itr workspaceDiffIter) Next(ctx *sql.Context) (sql.Row, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	case err := <-itr.errChan:
+		return nil, err
+	case row, ok := <-itr.rows:
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, io.EOF
+		}
+		return row, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (itr workspaceDiffIter) Close(c *sql.Context) error {
+	itr.cancel()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getWorkspaceTableRow returns a row for the diff table given the diff type and the row from the source and target tables. The
+// output schema is intended for dolt_workspace_* tables.
+func getWorkspaceTableRow(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	rowId int,
+	staged bool,
+	toSch schema.Schema,
+	fromSch schema.Schema,
+	toConverter ProllyRowConverter,
+	fromConverter ProllyRowConverter,
+	dif tree.Diff,
+) (row sql.Row, err error) {
+	tLen := schemaSize(toSch)
+	fLen := schemaSize(fromSch)
+
+	if fLen == 0 && dif.Type == tree.AddedDiff {
+		fLen = tLen
+	} else if tLen == 0 && dif.Type == tree.RemovedDiff {
+		tLen = fLen
+	}
+
+	row = make(sql.Row, 3+tLen+fLen)
+
+	row[0] = rowId
+	row[1] = staged
+	row[2] = diffTypeString(dif)
+
+	idx := 3
+
+	if dif.Type != tree.RemovedDiff {
+		err = toConverter.PutConverted(ctx, val.Tuple(dif.Key), val.Tuple(dif.To), row[idx:idx+tLen])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	idx += tLen
+
+	if dif.Type != tree.AddedDiff {
+		err = fromConverter.PutConverted(ctx, val.Tuple(dif.Key), val.Tuple(dif.From), row[idx:idx+fLen])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return row, nil
+}
+
+// queueWorkspaceRows is similar to prollyDiffIter.queueRows, but for workspaces. It performs two seperate calls
+// to prolly.DiffMaps, one for staging and one for working. The end result is queueing the rows from both maps
+// into the "rows" channel of the workspaceDiffIter.
+func (itr *workspaceDiffIter) queueWorkspaceRows(ctx context.Context) {
+	k1 := schema.EmptySchema == itr.tgtStagingSch || schema.IsKeyless(itr.tgtStagingSch)
+	k2 := schema.EmptySchema == itr.tgtBaseSch || schema.IsKeyless(itr.tgtBaseSch)
+	k3 := schema.EmptySchema == itr.tgtWorkingSch || schema.IsKeyless(itr.tgtWorkingSch)
+
+	keyless := k1 && k2 && k3
+
+	idx := 0
+
+	err := prolly.DiffMaps(ctx, itr.base, itr.staging, false, func(ctx context.Context, d tree.Diff) error {
+		rows, err := itr.makeWorkspaceRows(ctx, idx, true, itr.tgtStagingSch, itr.tgtBaseSch, keyless, itr.stagingConverter, itr.baseConverter, d)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			case itr.rows <- r:
+				idx++
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case itr.errChan <- err:
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = prolly.DiffMaps(ctx, itr.staging, itr.working, false, func(ctx context.Context, d tree.Diff) error {
+		rows, err := itr.makeWorkspaceRows(ctx, idx, false, itr.tgtWorkingSch, itr.tgtStagingSch, keyless, itr.workingConverter, itr.stagingConverter, d)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			case itr.rows <- r:
+				idx++
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	// we need to drain itr.rows before returning io.EOF
+	close(itr.rows)
+}
+
+// makeWorkspaceRows takes the diff information from the prolly.DiffMaps and converts it into a slice of rows. In the case
+// of tables with a primary key, this method will return a single row. For tables without a primary key, it will return
+// 1 or more rows. The rows returned are in the full schema that the workspace table returns, so the workspace table columns
+// (id, staged, diff_type) are included in the returned rows with the populated values.
+func (itr *workspaceDiffIter) makeWorkspaceRows(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	idx int,
+	staging bool,
+	toSch schema.Schema,
+	fromSch schema.Schema,
+	keyless bool,
+	toConverter ProllyRowConverter,
+	fromConverter ProllyRowConverter,
+	d tree.Diff,
+) ([]sql.Row, error) {
+	n := uint64(1)
+	if keyless {
+		switch d.Type {
+		case tree.AddedDiff:
+			n = val.ReadKeylessCardinality(val.Tuple(d.To))
+		case tree.RemovedDiff:
+			n = val.ReadKeylessCardinality(val.Tuple(d.From))
+		case tree.ModifiedDiff:
+			fN := val.ReadKeylessCardinality(val.Tuple(d.From))
+			tN := val.ReadKeylessCardinality(val.Tuple(d.To))
+			if fN < tN {
+				n = tN - fN
+				d.Type = tree.AddedDiff
+			} else {
+				n = fN - tN
+				d.Type = tree.RemovedDiff
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ans := make([]sql.Row, n)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < n; i++ {
+		r, err := getWorkspaceTableRow(ctx, idx, staging, toSch, fromSch, toConverter, fromConverter, d)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ans[i] = r
+		idx++
+	}
+	return ans, nil
+}
+
+// newWorkspaceDiffIter takes a WorkspacePartition and returns a workspaceDiffIter. The workspaceDiffIter is used to iterate
+// over the diff information from the prolly.DiffMaps.
+func newWorkspaceDiffIter(ctx *sql.Context, wp WorkspacePartition) (workspaceDiffIter, error) {
+	var base, working, staging prolly.Map
+
+	if wp.base != nil {
+		idx, err := wp.base.GetRowData(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return workspaceDiffIter{}, err
+		}
+		base = durable.ProllyMapFromIndex(idx)
+	}
+
+	if wp.staging != nil {
+		idx, err := wp.staging.GetRowData(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return workspaceDiffIter{}, err
+		}
+		staging = durable.ProllyMapFromIndex(idx)
+	}
+
+	if wp.working != nil {
+		idx, err := wp.working.GetRowData(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return workspaceDiffIter{}, err
+		}
+		working = durable.ProllyMapFromIndex(idx)
+	}
+
+	var nodeStore tree.NodeStore
+	if wp.base != nil {
+		nodeStore = wp.base.NodeStore()
+	} else if wp.staging != nil {
+		nodeStore = wp.staging.NodeStore()
+	} else if wp.working != nil {
+		nodeStore = wp.working.NodeStore()
+	} else {
+		return workspaceDiffIter{}, errors.New("no base, staging, or working table")
+	}
+
+	baseConverter, err := NewProllyRowConverter(wp.baseSch, wp.baseSch, ctx.Warn, nodeStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return workspaceDiffIter{}, err
+	}
+
+	stagingConverter, err := NewProllyRowConverter(wp.stagingSch, wp.stagingSch, ctx.Warn, nodeStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return workspaceDiffIter{}, err
+	}
+
+	workingConverter, err := NewProllyRowConverter(wp.workingSch, wp.workingSch, ctx.Warn, nodeStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return workspaceDiffIter{}, err
+	}
+
+	child, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	iter := workspaceDiffIter{
+		base:    base,
+		working: working,
+		staging: staging,
+
+		tgtBaseSch:    wp.baseSch,
+		tgtWorkingSch: wp.workingSch,
+		tgtStagingSch: wp.stagingSch,
+
+		baseConverter:    baseConverter,
+		workingConverter: workingConverter,
+		stagingConverter: stagingConverter,
+
+		rows:    make(chan sql.Row, 64),
+		errChan: make(chan error),
+		cancel:  cancel,
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		iter.queueWorkspaceRows(child)
+	}()
+
+	return iter, nil
+}
+
+type emptyWorkspaceTable struct {
+	tableName string
+}
+
+var _ sql.Table = (*emptyWorkspaceTable)(nil)
+
+func (e emptyWorkspaceTable) Name() string {
+	return doltdb.DoltWorkspaceTablePrefix + e.tableName
+}
+
+func (e emptyWorkspaceTable) String() string {
+	return e.Name()
+}
+
+func (e emptyWorkspaceTable) Schema() sql.Schema {
+	return []*sql.Column{
+		{Name: "id", Type: sqltypes.Int32, Nullable: false},
+		{Name: "staged", Type: sqltypes.Boolean, Nullable: false},
+	}
+}
+
+func (e emptyWorkspaceTable) Collation() sql.CollationID { return sql.Collation_Default }
+
+func (e emptyWorkspaceTable) Partitions(c *sql.Context) (sql.PartitionIter, error) {
+	return index.SinglePartitionIterFromNomsMap(nil), nil
+}
+
+func (e emptyWorkspaceTable) PartitionRows(c *sql.Context, partition sql.Partition) (sql.RowIter, error) {
+	return sql.RowsToRowIter(), nil
+}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_test.go
index 64ef85798a..4ee3f350c3 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_test.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_test.go
@@ -2052,3 +2052,8 @@ func TestStatsAutoRefreshConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Wait()
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDoltWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
+	harness := newDoltEnginetestHarness(t)
+	RunDoltWorkspaceTests(t, harness)
+}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_tests.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_tests.go
index c84dc35b33..56cc97d6ce 100755
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_tests.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_engine_tests.go
@@ -1960,3 +1960,13 @@ func RunDoltReflogTestsPrepared(t *testing.T, h DoltEnginetestHarness) {
 		}()
 	}
 }
+
+func RunDoltWorkspaceTests(t *testing.T, h DoltEnginetestHarness) {
+	for _, script := range DoltWorkspaceScriptTests {
+		func() {
+			h = h.NewHarness(t)
+			defer h.Close()
+			enginetest.TestScript(t, h, script)
+		}()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries.go
index 6e6f4bdf51..52c61dbbcd 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries.go
@@ -7176,6 +7176,7 @@ var DoltSystemVariables = []queries.ScriptTest{
 					{"dolt_remote_branches"},
 					{"dolt_remotes"},
 					{"dolt_status"},
+					{"dolt_workspace_test"},
 					{"test"},
 				},
 			},
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_merge.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_merge.go
index e09ecf46a4..07530feb53 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_merge.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_merge.go
@@ -2438,6 +2438,86 @@ var MergeScripts = []queries.ScriptTest{
 			},
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		// Ensure that column defaults are normalized to the same thing, so they merge with no issue
+		Name: "merge with float column default",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (f float);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'setup');",
+			"call dolt_branch('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column f float default '1.00';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on main');",
+			"call dolt_checkout('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column f float default '1.000000000';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on other');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_merge('main')",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{doltCommit, 0, 0, "merge successful"}},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		// Ensure that column defaults are normalized to the same thing, so they merge with no issue
+		Name: "merge with float 1.23 column default",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (f float);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'setup');",
+			"call dolt_branch('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column f float default '1.23000';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on main');",
+			"call dolt_checkout('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column f float default '1.23000000000';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on other');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_merge('main')",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{doltCommit, 0, 0, "merge successful"}},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		// Ensure that column defaults are normalized to the same thing, so they merge with no issue
+		Name: "merge with decimal 1.23 column default",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (d decimal(20, 10));",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'setup');",
+			"call dolt_branch('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column d decimal(20, 10) default '1.23000';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on main');",
+			"call dolt_checkout('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column d decimal(20, 10) default '1.23000000000';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on other');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_merge('main')",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{doltCommit, 0, 0, "merge successful"}},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		// Ensure that column defaults are normalized to the same thing, so they merge with no issue
+		Name: "merge with different types",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (f float);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'setup');",
+			"call dolt_branch('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column f float default 1.23;",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on main');",
+			"call dolt_checkout('other');",
+			"alter table t modify column f float default '1.23';",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'change default on other');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_merge('main')",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{doltCommit, 0, 0, "merge successful"}},
+			},
+		},
+	},
 }
 
 var KeylessMergeCVsAndConflictsScripts = []queries.ScriptTest{
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_rebase.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_rebase.go
index 988b552407..d6565bf163 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_rebase.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_rebase.go
@@ -239,6 +239,133 @@ var DoltRebaseScriptTests = []queries.ScriptTest{
 			},
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_rebase: rebased commit becomes empty; --empty not specified",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (pk int primary key);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+			"call dolt_branch('branch1');",
+
+			"insert into t values (0);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 0 on main');",
+
+			"call dolt_checkout('branch1');",
+			"insert into t values (0);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 0 on branch1');",
+			"insert into t values (10);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 10 on branch1');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_rebase('-i', 'main');",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{0, "interactive rebase started on branch dolt_rebase_branch1; " +
+					"adjust the rebase plan in the dolt_rebase table, then " +
+					"continue rebasing by calling dolt_rebase('--continue')"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "select active_branch();",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{"dolt_rebase_branch1"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_rebase('--continue');",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{0, "Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/branch1"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select message from dolt_log;",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{"inserting row 10 on branch1"},
+					{"inserting row 0 on main"},
+					{"creating table t"},
+					{"Initialize data repository"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_rebase: rebased commit becomes empty; --empty=keep",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (pk int primary key);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+			"call dolt_branch('branch1');",
+
+			"insert into t values (0);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 0 on main');",
+
+			"call dolt_checkout('branch1');",
+			"insert into t values (0);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 0 on branch1');",
+			"insert into t values (10);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 10 on branch1');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_rebase('-i', '--empty', 'keep', 'main');",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{0, "interactive rebase started on branch dolt_rebase_branch1; " +
+					"adjust the rebase plan in the dolt_rebase table, then " +
+					"continue rebasing by calling dolt_rebase('--continue')"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "select active_branch();",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{"dolt_rebase_branch1"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_rebase('--continue');",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{0, "Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/branch1"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select message from dolt_log;",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{"inserting row 10 on branch1"},
+					{"inserting row 0 on branch1"},
+					{"inserting row 0 on main"},
+					{"creating table t"},
+					{"Initialize data repository"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_rebase: rebased commit becomes empty; --empty=drop",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table t (pk int primary key);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+			"call dolt_branch('branch1');",
+
+			"insert into t values (0);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 0 on main');",
+
+			"call dolt_checkout('branch1');",
+			"insert into t values (0);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 0 on branch1');",
+			"insert into t values (10);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting row 10 on branch1');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_rebase('-i', '--empty', 'drop', 'main');",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{0, "interactive rebase started on branch dolt_rebase_branch1; " +
+					"adjust the rebase plan in the dolt_rebase table, then " +
+					"continue rebasing by calling dolt_rebase('--continue')"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "select active_branch();",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{"dolt_rebase_branch1"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "call dolt_rebase('--continue');",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{{0, "Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/branch1"}},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select message from dolt_log;",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{"inserting row 10 on branch1"},
+					{"inserting row 0 on main"},
+					{"creating table t"},
+					{"Initialize data repository"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		Name: "dolt_rebase: no commits to rebase",
 		SetUpScript: []string{
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_workspace.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_workspace.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b80059204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/enginetest/dolt_queries_workspace.go
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package enginetest
+
+import (
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/enginetest/queries"
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
+)
+
+var DoltWorkspaceScriptTests = []queries.ScriptTest{
+
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* multiple edits of a single row",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting 2 rows at HEAD');",
+
+			"update tbl set val=51 where pk=42;",
+			"call dolt_add('tbl');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "modified", 42, 51, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "update tbl set val= 108 where pk = 42;",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "modified", 42, 51, 42, 42},
+					{1, false, "modified", 42, 108, 42, 51},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl');",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "modified", 42, 108, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* single unstaged row",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting 2 rows at HEAD');",
+
+			"update tbl set val=51 where pk=42;",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "modified", 42, 51, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* inserted row",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting 2 rows at HEAD');",
+			"insert into tbl values (44,44);",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "added", 44, 44, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl');",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "added", 44, 44, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "update tbl set val = 108 where pk = 44;",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "added", 44, 44, nil, nil},
+					{1, false, "modified", 44, 108, 44, 44},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* deleted row",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting 2 rows at HEAD');",
+			"delete from tbl where pk = 42;",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "removed", nil, nil, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl');",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "removed", nil, nil, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* clean workspace",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting 2 rows at HEAD');",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query:    "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{},
+			},
+			{
+				Query:    "select * from dolt_workspace_unknowntable",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* created table",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+					{1, false, "added", 43, 43, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl');",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+					{1, true, "added", 43, 43, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* dropped table",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting rows 3 rows at HEAD');",
+			"drop table tbl",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "removed", nil, nil, 42, 42},
+					{1, false, "removed", nil, nil, 43, 43},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl');",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "removed", nil, nil, 42, 42},
+					{1, true, "removed", nil, nil, 43, 43},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* keyless table",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (x int, y int);",
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+					{1, false, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl');",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+					{1, true, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+					{1, true, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+					{2, false, "added", 42, 42, nil, nil},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		Name: "dolt_workspace_* schema change",
+		SetUpScript: []string{
+			"create table tbl (pk int primary key, val int);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-Am', 'creating table t');",
+
+			"insert into tbl values (42,42);",
+			"insert into tbl values (43,43);",
+			"call dolt_commit('-am', 'inserting rows 3 rows at HEAD');",
+
+			"update tbl set val=51 where pk=42;",
+		},
+		Assertions: []queries.ScriptTestAssertion{
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "modified", 42, 51, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+
+			{
+				Query: "ALTER TABLE tbl ADD COLUMN newcol CHAR(36)",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, false, "modified", 42, 51, nil, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "call dolt_add('tbl')",
+			},
+			{
+				Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+				Expected: []sql.Row{
+					{0, true, "modified", 42, 51, nil, 42, 42},
+				},
+			},
+			/* Three schemas are possible by having a schema change staged then altering the schema again.
+			   Currently, it's unclear if/how dolt_workspace_* can/should present this since it's all about data changes, not schema changes.
+				{
+					Query: "ALTER TABLE tbl ADD COLUMN newcol2 float",
+				},
+				{
+					Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+					Expected: []sql.Row{
+						{0, true, "modified", 42, 51, nil, 42, 42},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Query: "update tbl set val=59 where pk=42",
+				},
+				{
+					Query: "select * from dolt_workspace_tbl",
+					Expected: []sql.Row{
+						{0, true, "modified", 42, 51, nil, 42, 42},
+						{1, false, "modified", 42, 59, nil, nil, 42, 42}, //
+					},
+				},
+			*/
+		},
+	},
+}
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/expranalysis/expranalysis.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/expranalysis/expranalysis.go
index dc5ae3a412..054ebe325d 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/expranalysis/expranalysis.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/expranalysis/expranalysis.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func ResolveDefaultExpression(ctx *sql.Context, tableName string, sch schema.Sch
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find default or generated expression")
 	}
 
-	return expr.Expr, nil
+	return expr, nil
 }
 
 // ResolveCheckExpression returns a sql.Expression for the check provided
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlddl_test.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlddl_test.go
index b96e399abf..63531ff6ad 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlddl_test.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlddl_test.go
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ func TestCreateTable(t *testing.T) {
 				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "iso_code_3", 8427, gmstypes.MustCreateStringWithDefaults(sqltypes.VarChar, 3), false, `''`),
 				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "iso_country", 7151, gmstypes.MustCreateStringWithDefaults(sqltypes.VarChar, 255), false, `''`, schema.NotNullConstraint{}),
 				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "country", 879, gmstypes.MustCreateStringWithDefaults(sqltypes.VarChar, 255), false, `''`, schema.NotNullConstraint{}),
-				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "lat", 3502, gmstypes.Float32, false, "0.0", schema.NotNullConstraint{}),
-				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "lon", 9907, gmstypes.Float32, false, "0.0", schema.NotNullConstraint{})),
+				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "lat", 3502, gmstypes.Float32, false, "0", schema.NotNullConstraint{}),
+				schemaNewColumnWDefVal(t, "lon", 9907, gmstypes.Float32, false, "0", schema.NotNullConstraint{})),
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlfmt/schema_fmt.go b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlfmt/schema_fmt.go
index ec837f7922..08eac5d7c1 100644
--- a/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlfmt/schema_fmt.go
+++ b/go/libraries/doltcore/sqle/sqlfmt/schema_fmt.go
@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@ func GenerateCreateTableColumnDefinition(col schema.Column, tableCollation sql.C
 func GenerateCreateTableIndentedColumnDefinition(col schema.Column, tableCollation sql.CollationID) string {
 	var defaultVal, genVal, onUpdateVal *sql.ColumnDefaultValue
 	if col.Default != "" {
+		// hacky way to determine if column default is an expression
+		if col.Default[0] != '(' && col.Default[len(col.Default)-1] != ')' && col.Default[0] != '\'' && col.Default[len(col.Default)-1] != '\'' {
+			col.Default = fmt.Sprintf("'%s'", col.Default)
+		}
 		defaultVal = sql.NewUnresolvedColumnDefaultValue(col.Default)
 	}
 	if col.Generated != "" {
diff --git a/go/performance/microsysbench/sysbench_test.go b/go/performance/microsysbench/sysbench_test.go
index ed1158ee0d..0a2795016f 100644
--- a/go/performance/microsysbench/sysbench_test.go
+++ b/go/performance/microsysbench/sysbench_test.go
@@ -90,6 +90,22 @@ func BenchmarkSelectRandomPoints(b *testing.B) {
 	})
 }
 
+func BenchmarkSelectRandomRanges(b *testing.B) {
+	benchmarkSysbenchQuery(b, func(int) string {
+		var sb strings.Builder
+		sb.Grow(120)
+		sb.WriteString("SELECT count(k) FROM sbtest1 WHERE ")
+		sep := ""
+		for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
+			start := rand.Intn(tableSize)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "%sk between %s and %s", sep, strconv.Itoa(start), strconv.Itoa(start+5))
+			sep = " OR "
+		}
+		sb.WriteString(";")
+		return sb.String()
+	})
+}
+
 func benchmarkSysbenchQuery(b *testing.B, getQuery func(int) string) {
 	ctx, eng := setupBenchmark(b, dEnv)
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
diff --git a/go/serial/workingset.fbs b/go/serial/workingset.fbs
index 1057668acb..cee89b20a6 100644
--- a/go/serial/workingset.fbs
+++ b/go/serial/workingset.fbs
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ table RebaseState {
 
   // The commit that we are rebasing onto.
   onto_commit_addr:[ubyte] (required);
+
+  // How to handle commits that start off empty
+  empty_commit_handling:uint8;
+
+  // How to handle commits that become empty during rebasing
+  commit_becomes_empty_handling:uint8;
 }
 
 // KEEP THIS IN SYNC WITH fileidentifiers.go
diff --git a/go/store/cmd/noms/noms_show.go b/go/store/cmd/noms/noms_show.go
index 86816324f0..587140df6c 100644
--- a/go/store/cmd/noms/noms_show.go
+++ b/go/store/cmd/noms/noms_show.go
@@ -244,7 +244,12 @@ func outputEncodedValue(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, value types.Value) err
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			return tree.OutputProllyNodeBytes(w, node)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "(rows %d, depth %d) #%s {",
+				node.Count(), node.Level()+1, node.HashOf().String()[:8])
+			err = tree.OutputAddressMapNode(w, node)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "}\n")
+			return err
+
 		default:
 			return types.WriteEncodedValue(ctx, w, value)
 		}
diff --git a/go/store/datas/dataset.go b/go/store/datas/dataset.go
index 29b7ceaedc..5f09a08559 100644
--- a/go/store/datas/dataset.go
+++ b/go/store/datas/dataset.go
@@ -162,9 +162,11 @@ type WorkingSetHead struct {
 }
 
 type RebaseState struct {
-	preRebaseWorkingAddr *hash.Hash
-	ontoCommitAddr       *hash.Hash
-	branch               string
+	preRebaseWorkingAddr       *hash.Hash
+	ontoCommitAddr             *hash.Hash
+	branch                     string
+	commitBecomesEmptyHandling uint8
+	emptyCommitHandling        uint8
 }
 
 func (rs *RebaseState) PreRebaseWorkingAddr() hash.Hash {
@@ -186,6 +188,14 @@ func (rs *RebaseState) OntoCommit(ctx context.Context, vr types.ValueReader) (*C
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func (rs *RebaseState) CommitBecomesEmptyHandling(_ context.Context) uint8 {
+	return rs.commitBecomesEmptyHandling
+}
+
+func (rs *RebaseState) EmptyCommitHandling(_ context.Context) uint8 {
+	return rs.emptyCommitHandling
+}
+
 type MergeState struct {
 	preMergeWorkingAddr *hash.Hash
 	fromCommitAddr      *hash.Hash
@@ -433,7 +443,10 @@ func (h serialWorkingSetHead) HeadWorkingSet() (*WorkingSetHead, error) {
 		ret.RebaseState = NewRebaseState(
 			hash.New(rebaseState.PreWorkingRootAddrBytes()),
 			hash.New(rebaseState.OntoCommitAddrBytes()),
-			string(rebaseState.BranchBytes()))
+			string(rebaseState.BranchBytes()),
+			rebaseState.CommitBecomesEmptyHandling(),
+			rebaseState.EmptyCommitHandling(),
+		)
 	}
 
 	return &ret, nil
diff --git a/go/store/datas/workingset.go b/go/store/datas/workingset.go
index 61c869905f..ac4e77ed6b 100755
--- a/go/store/datas/workingset.go
+++ b/go/store/datas/workingset.go
@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@ func workingset_flatbuffer(working hash.Hash, staged *hash.Hash, mergeState *Mer
 		serial.RebaseStateAddPreWorkingRootAddr(builder, preRebaseRootAddrOffset)
 		serial.RebaseStateAddBranch(builder, branchOffset)
 		serial.RebaseStateAddOntoCommitAddr(builder, ontoAddrOffset)
+		serial.RebaseStateAddCommitBecomesEmptyHandling(builder, rebaseState.commitBecomesEmptyHandling)
+		serial.RebaseStateAddEmptyCommitHandling(builder, rebaseState.emptyCommitHandling)
 		rebaseStateOffset = serial.RebaseStateEnd(builder)
 	}
 
@@ -260,11 +262,13 @@ func NewMergeState(
 	}
 }
 
-func NewRebaseState(preRebaseWorkingRoot hash.Hash, commitAddr hash.Hash, branch string) *RebaseState {
+func NewRebaseState(preRebaseWorkingRoot hash.Hash, commitAddr hash.Hash, branch string, commitBecomesEmptyHandling uint8, emptyCommitHandling uint8) *RebaseState {
 	return &RebaseState{
-		preRebaseWorkingAddr: &preRebaseWorkingRoot,
-		ontoCommitAddr:       &commitAddr,
-		branch:               branch,
+		preRebaseWorkingAddr:       &preRebaseWorkingRoot,
+		ontoCommitAddr:             &commitAddr,
+		branch:                     branch,
+		commitBecomesEmptyHandling: commitBecomesEmptyHandling,
+		emptyCommitHandling:        emptyCommitHandling,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/go/store/nbs/race_off.go b/go/store/nbs/race_off.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afd1ad72ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/store/nbs/race_off.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !race
+// +build !race
+
+package nbs
+
+func isRaceEnabled() bool {
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/go/store/nbs/race_on.go b/go/store/nbs/race_on.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d8ab55a75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/store/nbs/race_on.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build race
+// +build race
+
+package nbs
+
+func isRaceEnabled() bool {
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/go/store/nbs/table_index.go b/go/store/nbs/table_index.go
index 43e2873348..bf210c4378 100644
--- a/go/store/nbs/table_index.go
+++ b/go/store/nbs/table_index.go
@@ -234,12 +234,14 @@ func newOnHeapTableIndex(indexBuff []byte, offsetsBuff1 []byte, count uint32, to
 		return onHeapTableIndex{}, ErrWrongBufferSize
 	}
 
-	tuples := indexBuff[:prefixTupleSize*count]
-	lengths := indexBuff[prefixTupleSize*count : prefixTupleSize*count+lengthSize*count]
-	suffixes := indexBuff[prefixTupleSize*count+lengthSize*count : indexSize(count)]
+	cnt64 := uint64(count)
+
+	tuples := indexBuff[:prefixTupleSize*cnt64]
+	lengths := indexBuff[prefixTupleSize*cnt64 : prefixTupleSize*cnt64+lengthSize*cnt64]
+	suffixes := indexBuff[prefixTupleSize*cnt64+lengthSize*cnt64 : indexSize(count)]
 	footer := indexBuff[indexSize(count):]
 
-	chunks2 := count / 2
+	chunks2 := cnt64 / 2
 
 	r := NewOffsetsReader(bytes.NewReader(lengths))
 	_, err := io.ReadFull(r, offsetsBuff1)
@@ -369,7 +371,7 @@ func (ti onHeapTableIndex) findPrefix(prefix uint64) (idx uint32) {
 }
 
 func (ti onHeapTableIndex) tupleAt(idx uint32) (prefix uint64, ord uint32) {
-	off := int64(prefixTupleSize * idx)
+	off := prefixTupleSize * int64(idx)
 	b := ti.prefixTuples[off : off+prefixTupleSize]
 
 	prefix = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b[:])
@@ -378,13 +380,13 @@ func (ti onHeapTableIndex) tupleAt(idx uint32) (prefix uint64, ord uint32) {
 }
 
 func (ti onHeapTableIndex) prefixAt(idx uint32) uint64 {
-	off := int64(prefixTupleSize * idx)
+	off := prefixTupleSize * int64(idx)
 	b := ti.prefixTuples[off : off+hash.PrefixLen]
 	return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b)
 }
 
 func (ti onHeapTableIndex) ordinalAt(idx uint32) uint32 {
-	off := int64(prefixTupleSize*idx) + hash.PrefixLen
+	off := prefixTupleSize*int64(idx) + hash.PrefixLen
 	b := ti.prefixTuples[off : off+ordinalSize]
 	return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b)
 }
@@ -394,10 +396,10 @@ func (ti onHeapTableIndex) offsetAt(ord uint32) uint64 {
 	chunks1 := ti.count - ti.count/2
 	var b []byte
 	if ord < chunks1 {
-		off := int64(offsetSize * ord)
+		off := offsetSize * int64(ord)
 		b = ti.offsets1[off : off+offsetSize]
 	} else {
-		off := int64(offsetSize * (ord - chunks1))
+		off := offsetSize * int64(ord-chunks1)
 		b = ti.offsets2[off : off+offsetSize]
 	}
 	return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b)
@@ -406,7 +408,7 @@ func (ti onHeapTableIndex) offsetAt(ord uint32) uint64 {
 func (ti onHeapTableIndex) ordinals() ([]uint32, error) {
 	// todo: |o| is not accounted for in the memory quota
 	o := make([]uint32, ti.count)
-	for i, off := uint32(0), 0; i < ti.count; i, off = i+1, off+prefixTupleSize {
+	for i, off := uint32(0), uint64(0); i < ti.count; i, off = i+1, off+prefixTupleSize {
 		b := ti.prefixTuples[off+hash.PrefixLen : off+prefixTupleSize]
 		o[i] = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b)
 	}
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ func (ti onHeapTableIndex) ordinals() ([]uint32, error) {
 func (ti onHeapTableIndex) prefixes() ([]uint64, error) {
 	// todo: |p| is not accounted for in the memory quota
 	p := make([]uint64, ti.count)
-	for i, off := uint32(0), 0; i < ti.count; i, off = i+1, off+prefixTupleSize {
+	for i, off := uint32(0), uint64(0); i < ti.count; i, off = i+1, off+prefixTupleSize {
 		b := ti.prefixTuples[off : off+hash.PrefixLen]
 		p[i] = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b)
 	}
@@ -425,7 +427,7 @@ func (ti onHeapTableIndex) prefixes() ([]uint64, error) {
 
 func (ti onHeapTableIndex) hashAt(idx uint32) hash.Hash {
 	// Get tuple
-	off := int64(prefixTupleSize * idx)
+	off := prefixTupleSize * int64(idx)
 	tuple := ti.prefixTuples[off : off+prefixTupleSize]
 
 	// Get prefix, ordinal, and suffix
diff --git a/go/store/nbs/table_index_test.go b/go/store/nbs/table_index_test.go
index 3eabd99595..cf984d581f 100644
--- a/go/store/nbs/table_index_test.go
+++ b/go/store/nbs/table_index_test.go
@@ -56,6 +56,66 @@ func TestParseTableIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseLargeTableIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	if isRaceEnabled() {
+		t.SkipNow()
+	}
+
+	// This is large enough for the NBS table index to overflow uint32s on certain index calculations.
+	numChunks := uint32(320331063)
+	idxSize := indexSize(numChunks)
+	sz := idxSize + footerSize
+	idxBuf := make([]byte, sz)
+	copy(idxBuf[idxSize+12:], magicNumber)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(idxBuf[idxSize:], numChunks)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(idxBuf[idxSize+4:], uint64(numChunks)*4*1024)
+
+	var prefix uint64
+
+	off := 0
+	// Write Tuples
+	for i := uint32(0); i < numChunks; i++ {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(idxBuf[off:], prefix)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(idxBuf[off+hash.PrefixLen:], i)
+		prefix += 2
+		off += prefixTupleSize
+	}
+
+	// Write Lengths
+	for i := uint32(0); i < numChunks; i++ {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(idxBuf[off:], 4*1024)
+		off += lengthSize
+	}
+
+	// Write Suffixes
+	for i := uint32(0); i < numChunks; i++ {
+		off += hash.SuffixLen
+	}
+
+	idx, err := parseTableIndex(context.Background(), idxBuf, &UnlimitedQuotaProvider{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	h := &hash.Hash{}
+	h[7] = 2
+	ord, err := idx.lookupOrdinal(h)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(1), ord)
+	h[7] = 1
+	ord, err = idx.lookupOrdinal(h)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, numChunks, ord)
+	// This is the end of the chunk, not the beginning.
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(8*1024), idx.offsetAt(1))
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), idx.prefixAt(1))
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(1), idx.ordinalAt(1))
+	h[7] = 2
+	assert.Equal(t, *h, idx.hashAt(1))
+	entry, ok, err := idx.lookup(h)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(4*1024), entry.Offset())
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(4*1024), entry.Length())
+}
+
 func BenchmarkFindPrefix(b *testing.B) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	f, err := os.Open("testdata/0oa7mch34jg1rvghrnhr4shrp2fm4ftd.idx")
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/diff.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/diff.go
index 2fc0a9956d..9fcd841e70 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/diff.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/diff.go
@@ -128,6 +128,13 @@ func DifferFromCursors[K ~[]byte, O Ordering[K]](
 }
 
 func (td Differ[K, O]) Next(ctx context.Context) (diff Diff, err error) {
+	return td.next(ctx, true)
+}
+
+// next finds the next diff and then conditionally advances the cursors past the modified chunks.
+// In most cases, we want to advance the cursors, but in some circumstances the caller may want to access the cursors
+// and then advance them manually.
+func (td Differ[K, O]) next(ctx context.Context, advanceCursors bool) (diff Diff, err error) {
 	for td.from.Valid() && td.from.compare(td.fromStop) < 0 && td.to.Valid() && td.to.compare(td.toStop) < 0 {
 
 		f := td.from.CurrentKey()
@@ -136,16 +143,16 @@ func (td Differ[K, O]) Next(ctx context.Context) (diff Diff, err error) {
 
 		switch {
 		case cmp < 0:
-			return sendRemoved(ctx, td.from)
+			return sendRemoved(ctx, td.from, advanceCursors)
 
 		case cmp > 0:
-			return sendAdded(ctx, td.to)
+			return sendAdded(ctx, td.to, advanceCursors)
 
 		case cmp == 0:
 			// If the cursor schema has changed, then all rows should be considered modified.
 			// If the cursor schema hasn't changed, rows are modified iff their bytes have changed.
 			if td.considerAllRowsModified || !equalcursorValues(td.from, td.to) {
-				return sendModified(ctx, td.from, td.to)
+				return sendModified(ctx, td.from, td.to, advanceCursors)
 			}
 
 			// advance both cursors since we have already determined that they are equal. This needs to be done because
@@ -166,42 +173,46 @@ func (td Differ[K, O]) Next(ctx context.Context) (diff Diff, err error) {
 	}
 
 	if td.from.Valid() && td.from.compare(td.fromStop) < 0 {
-		return sendRemoved(ctx, td.from)
+		return sendRemoved(ctx, td.from, advanceCursors)
 	}
 	if td.to.Valid() && td.to.compare(td.toStop) < 0 {
-		return sendAdded(ctx, td.to)
+		return sendAdded(ctx, td.to, advanceCursors)
 	}
 
 	return Diff{}, io.EOF
 }
 
-func sendRemoved(ctx context.Context, from *cursor) (diff Diff, err error) {
+func sendRemoved(ctx context.Context, from *cursor, advanceCursors bool) (diff Diff, err error) {
 	diff = Diff{
 		Type: RemovedDiff,
 		Key:  from.CurrentKey(),
 		From: from.currentValue(),
 	}
 
-	if err = from.advance(ctx); err != nil {
-		return Diff{}, err
+	if advanceCursors {
+		if err = from.advance(ctx); err != nil {
+			return Diff{}, err
+		}
 	}
 	return
 }
 
-func sendAdded(ctx context.Context, to *cursor) (diff Diff, err error) {
+func sendAdded(ctx context.Context, to *cursor, advanceCursors bool) (diff Diff, err error) {
 	diff = Diff{
 		Type: AddedDiff,
 		Key:  to.CurrentKey(),
 		To:   to.currentValue(),
 	}
 
-	if err = to.advance(ctx); err != nil {
-		return Diff{}, err
+	if advanceCursors {
+		if err = to.advance(ctx); err != nil {
+			return Diff{}, err
+		}
 	}
 	return
 }
 
-func sendModified(ctx context.Context, from, to *cursor) (diff Diff, err error) {
+func sendModified(ctx context.Context, from, to *cursor, advanceCursors bool) (diff Diff, err error) {
 	diff = Diff{
 		Type: ModifiedDiff,
 		Key:  from.CurrentKey(),
@@ -209,11 +220,13 @@ func sendModified(ctx context.Context, from, to *cursor) (diff Diff, err error)
 		To:   to.currentValue(),
 	}
 
-	if err = from.advance(ctx); err != nil {
-		return Diff{}, err
-	}
-	if err = to.advance(ctx); err != nil {
-		return Diff{}, err
+	if advanceCursors {
+		if err = from.advance(ctx); err != nil {
+			return Diff{}, err
+		}
+		if err = to.advance(ctx); err != nil {
+			return Diff{}, err
+		}
 	}
 	return
 }
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/indexed_json_diff.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/indexed_json_diff.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf4bc2e427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/indexed_json_diff.go
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package tree
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+)
+
+type IndexedJsonDiffer struct {
+	differ                             Differ[jsonLocationKey, jsonLocationOrdering]
+	currentFromCursor, currentToCursor *JsonCursor
+	from, to                           IndexedJsonDocument
+	started                            bool
+}
+
+var _ IJsonDiffer = &IndexedJsonDiffer{}
+
+func NewIndexedJsonDiffer(ctx context.Context, from, to IndexedJsonDocument) (*IndexedJsonDiffer, error) {
+	differ, err := DifferFromRoots[jsonLocationKey, jsonLocationOrdering](ctx, from.m.NodeStore, to.m.NodeStore, from.m.Root, to.m.Root, jsonLocationOrdering{}, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// We want to diff the prolly tree as if it was an address map pointing to the individual blob fragments, rather
+	// than diffing the blob fragments themselves. We can accomplish this by just replacing the cursors in the differ
+	// with their parents.
+	differ.from = differ.from.parent
+	differ.to = differ.to.parent
+	differ.fromStop = differ.fromStop.parent
+	differ.toStop = differ.toStop.parent
+
+	if differ.from == nil || differ.to == nil {
+		// This can happen when either document fits in a single chunk.
+		// We don't use the chunk differ in this case, and instead we create the cursors without it.
+		diffKey := []byte{byte(startOfValue)}
+		currentFromCursor, err := newJsonCursorAtStartOfChunk(ctx, from.m.NodeStore, from.m.Root, diffKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		currentToCursor, err := newJsonCursorAtStartOfChunk(ctx, to.m.NodeStore, to.m.Root, diffKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return &IndexedJsonDiffer{
+			differ:            differ,
+			from:              from,
+			to:                to,
+			currentFromCursor: currentFromCursor,
+			currentToCursor:   currentToCursor,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return &IndexedJsonDiffer{
+		differ: differ,
+		from:   from,
+		to:     to,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Next computes the next diff between the two JSON documents.
+// To accomplish this, it uses the underlying Differ to find chunks that have changed, and uses a pair of JsonCursors
+// to walk corresponding chunks.
+func (jd *IndexedJsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (diff JsonDiff, err error) {
+	// helper function to advance a JsonCursor and set it to nil if it reaches the end of a chunk
+	advanceCursor := func(jCur **JsonCursor) (err error) {
+		if (*jCur).jsonScanner.atEndOfChunk() {
+			err = (*jCur).cur.advance(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			*jCur = nil
+		} else {
+			err = (*jCur).jsonScanner.AdvanceToNextLocation()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	newAddedDiff := func(key []byte) (JsonDiff, error) {
+		addedValue, err := jd.currentToCursor.NextValue(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return JsonDiff{}, err
+		}
+		err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentToCursor)
+		if err != nil {
+			return JsonDiff{}, err
+		}
+		return JsonDiff{
+			Key:  key,
+			To:   types.NewLazyJSONDocument(addedValue),
+			Type: AddedDiff,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	newRemovedDiff := func(key []byte) (JsonDiff, error) {
+		removedValue, err := jd.currentFromCursor.NextValue(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return JsonDiff{}, err
+		}
+		err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentFromCursor)
+		if err != nil {
+			return JsonDiff{}, err
+		}
+		return JsonDiff{
+			Key:  key,
+			From: types.NewLazyJSONDocument(removedValue),
+			Type: RemovedDiff,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	for {
+		if jd.currentFromCursor == nil && jd.currentToCursor == nil {
+			if jd.differ.from == nil || jd.differ.to == nil {
+				// One of the documents fits in a single chunk. We must have walked the entire document by now.
+				return JsonDiff{}, io.EOF
+			}
+
+			// Either this is the first iteration, or the last iteration exhausted both chunks at the same time.
+			// (ie, both chunks ended at the same JSON path). We can use `Differ.Next` to seek to the next difference.
+			// Passing advanceCursors=false means that instead of using the returned diff, we read the cursors out of
+			// the differ, and advance them manually once we've walked the chunk.
+			_, err := jd.differ.next(ctx, false)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+
+			jd.currentFromCursor, err = newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx, jd.differ.from)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+			jd.currentToCursor, err = newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx, jd.differ.to)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+		} else if jd.currentFromCursor == nil {
+			// We exhausted the current `from` chunk but not the `to` chunk. Since the chunk boundaries don't align on
+			// the same key, we need to continue into the next chunk.
+
+			jd.currentFromCursor, err = newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx, jd.differ.from)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+
+			err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentFromCursor)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+			continue
+		} else if jd.currentToCursor == nil {
+			// We exhausted the current `to` chunk but not the `from` chunk. Since the chunk boundaries don't align on
+			// the same key, we need to continue into the next chunk.
+
+			jd.currentToCursor, err = newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx, jd.differ.to)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+
+			err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentToCursor)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		// Both cursors point to chunks that are different between the two documents.
+		// We must be in one of the following states:
+		// 1) Both cursors have the JSON path with the same values:
+		//    - This location has not changed, advance both cursors and continue.
+		// 2) Both cursors have the same JSON path but different values:
+		//    - The value at that path has been modified.
+		// 3) Both cursors point to the start of a value, but the paths differ:
+		//    - A value has been inserted or deleted in the beginning/middle of an object.
+		// 4) One cursor points to the start of a value, while the other cursor points to the end of that value's parent:
+		// 	  - A value has been inserted or deleted at the end of an object or array.
+		//
+		// The following states aren't actually possible because we will encounter state 2 first.
+		// 5) One cursor points to the initial element of an object/array, while the other points to the end of that same path:
+		//    - A value has been changed from an object/array to a scalar, or vice-versa.
+		// 6) One cursor points to the initial element of an object, while the other points to the initial element of an array:
+		//    - The value has been changed from an object to an array, or vice-versa.
+
+		fromScanner := &jd.currentFromCursor.jsonScanner
+		toScanner := &jd.currentToCursor.jsonScanner
+		fromScannerAtStartOfValue := fromScanner.atStartOfValue()
+		toScannerAtStartOfValue := toScanner.atStartOfValue()
+		fromCurrentLocation := fromScanner.currentPath
+		toCurrentLocation := toScanner.currentPath
+
+		if !fromScannerAtStartOfValue && !toScannerAtStartOfValue {
+			// Neither cursor points to the start of a value.
+			// This should only be possible if they're at the same location.
+			// Do a sanity check, then continue.
+			if compareJsonLocations(fromCurrentLocation, toCurrentLocation) != 0 {
+				return JsonDiff{}, jsonParseError
+			}
+			err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentFromCursor)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+			err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentToCursor)
+			if err != nil {
+				return JsonDiff{}, err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if fromScannerAtStartOfValue && toScannerAtStartOfValue {
+			cmp := compareJsonLocations(fromCurrentLocation, toCurrentLocation)
+			switch cmp {
+			case 0:
+				key := fromCurrentLocation.Clone().key
+
+				// Both sides have the same key. If they're both an object or both an array, continue.
+				// Otherwise, compare them and possibly return a modification.
+				if (fromScanner.current() == '{' && toScanner.current() == '{') ||
+					(fromScanner.current() == '[' && toScanner.current() == '[') {
+					err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentFromCursor)
+					if err != nil {
+						return JsonDiff{}, err
+					}
+					err = advanceCursor(&jd.currentToCursor)
+					if err != nil {
+						return JsonDiff{}, err
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+
+				fromValue, err := jd.currentFromCursor.NextValue(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					return JsonDiff{}, err
+				}
+				toValue, err := jd.currentToCursor.NextValue(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					return JsonDiff{}, err
+				}
+				if !slices.Equal(fromValue, toValue) {
+					// Case 2: The value at this path has been modified
+					return JsonDiff{
+						Key:  key,
+						From: types.NewLazyJSONDocument(fromValue),
+						To:   types.NewLazyJSONDocument(toValue),
+						Type: ModifiedDiff,
+					}, nil
+				}
+				// Case 1: This location has not changed
+				continue
+
+			case -1:
+				// Case 3: A value has been removed from an object
+				key := fromCurrentLocation.Clone().key
+				return newRemovedDiff(key)
+			case 1:
+				// Case 3: A value has been added to an object
+				key := toCurrentLocation.Clone().key
+				return newAddedDiff(key)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !fromScannerAtStartOfValue && toScannerAtStartOfValue {
+			if fromCurrentLocation.getScannerState() != endOfValue {
+				return JsonDiff{}, jsonParseError
+			}
+			// Case 4: A value has been inserted at the end of an object or array.
+			key := toCurrentLocation.Clone().key
+			return newAddedDiff(key)
+		}
+
+		if fromScannerAtStartOfValue && !toScannerAtStartOfValue {
+			if toCurrentLocation.getScannerState() != endOfValue {
+				return JsonDiff{}, jsonParseError
+			}
+			// Case 4: A value has been removed from the end of an object or array.
+			key := fromCurrentLocation.Clone().key
+			return newRemovedDiff(key)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_cursor.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_cursor.go
index e7d6be61c2..b980fcd2ef 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_cursor.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_cursor.go
@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ func getPreviousKey(ctx context.Context, cur *cursor) ([]byte, error) {
 	if !cur2.Valid() {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	key := cur2.parent.CurrentKey()
+	key := cur2.CurrentKey()
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		key = cur2.parent.CurrentKey()
+	}
 	err = errorIfNotSupportedLocation(key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -53,24 +56,40 @@ func getPreviousKey(ctx context.Context, cur *cursor) ([]byte, error) {
 // in the document. If the location does not exist in the document, the resulting JsonCursor
 // will be at the location where the value would be if it was inserted.
 func newJsonCursor(ctx context.Context, ns NodeStore, root Node, startKey jsonLocation, forRemoval bool) (jCur *JsonCursor, found bool, err error) {
-	cur, err := newCursorAtKey(ctx, ns, root, startKey.key, jsonLocationOrdering{})
+	jcur, err := newJsonCursorAtStartOfChunk(ctx, ns, root, startKey.key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
+	found, err = jcur.AdvanceToLocation(ctx, startKey, forRemoval)
+	return jcur, found, err
+}
+
+func newJsonCursorAtStartOfChunk(ctx context.Context, ns NodeStore, root Node, startKey []byte) (jCur *JsonCursor, err error) {
+	cur, err := newCursorAtKey(ctx, ns, root, startKey, jsonLocationOrdering{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx, cur)
+}
+
+func newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx context.Context, cur *cursor) (*JsonCursor, error) {
 	previousKey, err := getPreviousKey(ctx, cur)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !cur.isLeaf() {
+		nd, err := fetchChild(ctx, cur.nrw, cur.currentRef())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return newJsonCursorFromCursor(ctx, &cursor{nd: nd, parent: cur, nrw: cur.nrw})
 	}
 	jsonBytes := cur.currentValue()
 	jsonDecoder := ScanJsonFromMiddleWithKey(jsonBytes, previousKey)
 
 	jcur := JsonCursor{cur: cur, jsonScanner: jsonDecoder}
 
-	found, err = jcur.AdvanceToLocation(ctx, startKey, forRemoval)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, found, err
-	}
-	return &jcur, found, nil
+	return &jcur, nil
 }
 
 func (j JsonCursor) Valid() bool {
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff.go
index 61f716d3be..a52856c47a 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff.go
@@ -16,17 +16,22 @@ package tree
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
+	"context"
 	"io"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
 )
 
+type IJsonDiffer interface {
+	Next(ctx context.Context) (JsonDiff, error)
+}
+
 type JsonDiff struct {
-	Key      string
-	From, To *types.JSONDocument
+	Key      []byte
+	From, To sql.JSONWrapper
 	Type     DiffType
 }
 
@@ -37,31 +42,44 @@ type jsonKeyPair struct {
 
 // JsonDiffer computes the diff between two JSON objects.
 type JsonDiffer struct {
-	root                           string
+	root                           []byte
 	currentFromPair, currentToPair *jsonKeyPair
 	from, to                       types.JSONIter
 	subDiffer                      *JsonDiffer
 }
 
-func NewJsonDiffer(root string, from, to types.JsonObject) JsonDiffer {
+var _ IJsonDiffer = &JsonDiffer{}
+
+func NewJsonDiffer(from, to types.JsonObject) *JsonDiffer {
+	fromIter := types.NewJSONIter(from)
+	toIter := types.NewJSONIter(to)
+	return &JsonDiffer{
+		root: []byte{byte(startOfValue)},
+		from: fromIter,
+		to:   toIter,
+	}
+}
+
+func (differ *JsonDiffer) newSubDiffer(key string, from, to types.JsonObject) JsonDiffer {
 	fromIter := types.NewJSONIter(from)
 	toIter := types.NewJSONIter(to)
+	newRoot := differ.appendKey(key)
 	return JsonDiffer{
-		root: root,
+		root: newRoot,
 		from: fromIter,
 		to:   toIter,
 	}
 }
 
-func (differ *JsonDiffer) appendKey(key string) string {
+func (differ *JsonDiffer) appendKey(key string) []byte {
 	escapedKey := strings.Replace(key, "\"", "\\\"", -1)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s.\"%s\"", differ.root, escapedKey)
+	return append(append(differ.root, beginObjectKey), []byte(escapedKey)...)
 }
 
-func (differ *JsonDiffer) Next() (diff JsonDiff, err error) {
+func (differ *JsonDiffer) Next(ctx context.Context) (diff JsonDiff, err error) {
 	for {
 		if differ.subDiffer != nil {
-			diff, err := differ.subDiffer.Next()
+			diff, err := differ.subDiffer.Next(ctx)
 			if err == io.EOF {
 				differ.subDiffer = nil
 				differ.currentFromPair = nil
@@ -116,7 +134,7 @@ func (differ *JsonDiffer) Next() (diff JsonDiff, err error) {
 					switch from := fromValue.(type) {
 					case types.JsonObject:
 						// Recursively compare the objects to generate diffs.
-						subDiffer := NewJsonDiffer(differ.appendKey(key), from, toValue.(types.JsonObject))
+						subDiffer := differ.newSubDiffer(key, from, toValue.(types.JsonObject))
 						differ.subDiffer = &subDiffer
 						continue
 					case types.JsonArray:
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff_test.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff_test.go
index 4fa4528825..4d95573175 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff_test.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_diff_test.go
@@ -15,34 +15,49 @@
 package tree
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression"
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression/function/json"
+
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 type jsonDiffTest struct {
 	name          string
-	from, to      types.JsonObject
+	from, to      sql.JSONWrapper
 	expectedDiffs []JsonDiff
 }
 
+func makeJsonPathKey(parts ...string) []byte {
+	result := []byte{byte(startOfValue)}
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		result = append(result, beginObjectKey)
+		result = append(result, []byte(part)...)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
 var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	{
 		name:          "empty object, no modifications",
-		from:          types.JsonObject{},
-		to:            types.JsonObject{},
+		from:          types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{}},
+		to:            types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{}},
 		expectedDiffs: nil,
 	},
 	{
 		name: "insert into empty object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": 1},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": 1}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
 				From: nil,
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				Type: AddedDiff,
@@ -51,11 +66,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "delete from object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": 1},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": 1}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				To:   nil,
 				Type: RemovedDiff,
@@ -64,11 +79,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "modify object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": 1},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": 2},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": 1}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": 2}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 2},
 				Type: ModifiedDiff,
@@ -77,11 +92,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "nested insert",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 1}},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 1}}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				Type: AddedDiff,
 			},
@@ -89,11 +104,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "nested delete",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 1}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 1}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				Type: RemovedDiff,
 			},
@@ -101,11 +116,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "nested modify",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 1}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 1}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 2},
 				Type: ModifiedDiff,
@@ -114,11 +129,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "insert object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"c": 3}},
 				Type: AddedDiff,
 			},
@@ -126,11 +141,11 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "modify to object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 2},
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"c": 3}},
 				Type: ModifiedDiff,
@@ -139,24 +154,76 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "modify from object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": 1},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": 1}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"b": 2}},
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				Type: ModifiedDiff,
 			},
 		},
 	},
+	{
+		name: "modify to array",
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": "foo"}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonArray{1, 2}}}},
+		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+			{
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
+				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: "foo"},
+				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonArray{1, 2}},
+				Type: ModifiedDiff,
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		name: "modify from array",
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonArray{1, 2}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": 1}},
+		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+			{
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
+				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonArray{1, 2}},
+				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
+				Type: ModifiedDiff,
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		name: "array to object",
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonArray{1, 2}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}}},
+		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+			{
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
+				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonArray{1, 2}},
+				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}},
+				Type: ModifiedDiff,
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		name: "object to array",
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": 2}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonArray{1, 2}}},
+		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+			{
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`),
+				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"b": 2}},
+				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonArray{1, 2}},
+				Type: ModifiedDiff,
+			},
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		name: "remove object",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"b": types.JsonObject{"c": 3}}}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{}}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `b`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"c": 3}},
 				Type: RemovedDiff,
 			},
@@ -164,17 +231,17 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "insert escaped double quotes",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"\"a\"": "1"},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"b": "\"2\""},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"\"a\"": "1"}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"b": "\"2\""}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"\\\"a\\\"\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`"a"`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: "1"},
 				To:   nil,
 				Type: RemovedDiff,
 			},
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`b`),
 				From: nil,
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: "\"2\""},
 				Type: AddedDiff,
@@ -183,32 +250,32 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 	{
 		name: "modifications returned in lexographic order",
-		from: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"1": "i"}, "aa": 2, "b": 6},
-		to:   types.JsonObject{"": 1, "a": types.JsonObject{}, "aa": 3, "bb": 5},
+		from: types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"a": types.JsonObject{"1": "i"}, "aa": 2, "b": 6}},
+		to:   types.JSONDocument{Val: types.JsonObject{"": 1, "a": types.JsonObject{}, "aa": 3, "bb": 5}},
 		expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(``),
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
 				Type: AddedDiff,
 			},
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"a\".\"1\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`a`, `1`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: "i"},
 				Type: RemovedDiff,
 			},
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"aa\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`aa`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 2},
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 3},
 				Type: ModifiedDiff,
 			},
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"b\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`b`),
 				From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: 6},
 				Type: RemovedDiff,
 			},
 			{
-				Key:  "$.\"bb\"",
+				Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`bb`),
 				To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 5},
 				Type: AddedDiff,
 			},
@@ -216,10 +283,152 @@ var simpleJsonDiffTests = []jsonDiffTest{
 	},
 }
 
+func largeJsonDiffTests(t *testing.T) []jsonDiffTest {
+	ctx := sql.NewEmptyContext()
+	ns := NewTestNodeStore()
+
+	insert := func(document types.MutableJSON, path string, val interface{}) types.MutableJSON {
+		jsonVal, inRange, err := types.JSON.Convert(val)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, (bool)(inRange))
+		newDoc, changed, err := document.Insert(ctx, path, jsonVal.(sql.JSONWrapper))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	set := func(document types.MutableJSON, path string, val interface{}) types.MutableJSON {
+		jsonVal, inRange, err := types.JSON.Convert(val)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, (bool)(inRange))
+		newDoc, changed, err := document.Replace(ctx, path, jsonVal.(sql.JSONWrapper))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	lookup := func(document types.SearchableJSON, path string) sql.JSONWrapper {
+		newDoc, err := document.Lookup(ctx, path)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	remove := func(document types.MutableJSON, path string) types.MutableJSON {
+		newDoc, changed, err := document.Remove(ctx, path)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return newDoc
+	}
+
+	largeObject := createLargeArraylessDocumentForTesting(t, ctx, ns)
+	return []jsonDiffTest{
+		{
+			name: "nested insert",
+			from: largeObject,
+			to:   insert(largeObject, "$.level7.newKey", 2),
+			expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+				{
+					Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`level7`, `newKey`),
+					From: nil,
+					To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 2},
+					Type: AddedDiff,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nested remove",
+			from: largeObject,
+			to:   remove(largeObject, "$.level7.level6"),
+			expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+				{
+					Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`level7`, `level6`),
+					From: lookup(largeObject, "$.level7.level6"),
+					To:   nil,
+					Type: RemovedDiff,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nested modification 1",
+			from: largeObject,
+			to:   set(largeObject, "$.level7.level5", 2),
+			expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+				{
+					Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`level7`, `level5`),
+					From: lookup(largeObject, "$.level7.level5"),
+					To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 2},
+					Type: ModifiedDiff,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nested modification 2",
+			from: largeObject,
+			to:   set(largeObject, "$.level7.level4", 1),
+			expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+				{
+					Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`level7`, `level4`),
+					From: lookup(largeObject, "$.level7.level4"),
+					To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: 1},
+					Type: ModifiedDiff,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "convert object to array",
+			from: largeObject,
+			to:   set(largeObject, "$.level7.level6", []interface{}{}),
+			expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+				{
+					Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`level7`, `level6`),
+					From: lookup(largeObject, "$.level7.level6"),
+					To:   &types.JSONDocument{Val: []interface{}{}},
+					Type: ModifiedDiff,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "convert array to object",
+			from: set(largeObject, "$.level7.level6", []interface{}{}),
+			to:   largeObject,
+			expectedDiffs: []JsonDiff{
+				{
+					Key:  makeJsonPathKey(`level7`, `level6`),
+					From: &types.JSONDocument{Val: []interface{}{}},
+					To:   lookup(largeObject, "$.level7.level6"),
+					Type: ModifiedDiff,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// createLargeArraylessDocumentForTesting creates a JSON document large enough to be split across multiple chunks that
+// does not contain arrays. This makes it easier to write tests for three-way merging, since we cant't currently merge
+// concurrent changes to arrays.
+func createLargeArraylessDocumentForTesting(t *testing.T, ctx *sql.Context, ns NodeStore) IndexedJsonDocument {
+	leafDoc := make(map[string]interface{})
+	leafDoc["number"] = float64(1.0)
+	leafDoc["string"] = "dolt"
+	var docExpression sql.Expression = expression.NewLiteral(newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, leafDoc), types.JSON)
+	var err error
+
+	for level := 0; level < 8; level++ {
+		docExpression, err = json.NewJSONInsert(docExpression, expression.NewLiteral(fmt.Sprintf("$.level%d", level), types.Text), docExpression)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	doc, err := docExpression.Eval(ctx, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, doc)
+}
+
 func TestJsonDiff(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("simple tests", func(t *testing.T) {
 		runTestBatch(t, simpleJsonDiffTests)
 	})
+	t.Run("large document tests", func(t *testing.T) {
+		runTestBatch(t, largeJsonDiffTests(t))
+	})
 }
 
 func runTestBatch(t *testing.T, tests []jsonDiffTest) {
@@ -231,16 +440,42 @@ func runTestBatch(t *testing.T, tests []jsonDiffTest) {
 }
 
 func runTest(t *testing.T, test jsonDiffTest) {
-	differ := NewJsonDiffer("$", test.from, test.to)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ns := NewTestNodeStore()
+	from := newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, test.from)
+	to := newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, test.to)
+	differ, err := NewIndexedJsonDiffer(ctx, from, to)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	var actualDiffs []JsonDiff
 	for {
-		diff, err := differ.Next()
+		diff, err := differ.Next(ctx)
 		if err == io.EOF {
 			break
 		}
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 		actualDiffs = append(actualDiffs, diff)
 	}
 
-	require.Equal(t, test.expectedDiffs, actualDiffs)
+	diffsEqual := func(expected, actual JsonDiff) bool {
+		if expected.Type != actual.Type {
+			return false
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(expected.Key, actual.Key) {
+			return false
+		}
+		cmp, err := types.CompareJSON(expected.From, actual.From)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if cmp != 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+		cmp, err = types.CompareJSON(expected.To, actual.To)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		return cmp == 0
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, len(test.expectedDiffs), len(actualDiffs))
+	for i, expected := range test.expectedDiffs {
+		actual := actualDiffs[i]
+		require.True(t, diffsEqual(expected, actual), fmt.Sprintf("Expected: %v\nActual: %v", expected, actual))
+	}
 }
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document.go
index 0c8c3eb38c..b0ac82f43b 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document.go
@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ import (
 	"database/sql/driver"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
+	sqljson "github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression/function/json"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
 )
 
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) tryInsert(ctx context.Context, path string, val sql
 	return i.insertIntoCursor(ctx, keyPath, jsonCursor, val)
 }
 
-func (i IndexedJsonDocument) insertIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonLocation, jsonCursor *JsonCursor, val sql.JSONWrapper) (types.MutableJSON, bool, error) {
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) insertIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonLocation, jsonCursor *JsonCursor, val sql.JSONWrapper) (IndexedJsonDocument, bool, error) {
 	cursorPath := jsonCursor.GetCurrentPath()
 
 	// If the inserted path is equivalent to "$" (which also includes "$[0]" on non-arrays), do nothing.
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) insertIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonL
 
 			jsonChunker, err := newJsonChunker(ctx, jsonCursor, i.m.NodeStore)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, false, err
+				return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 			}
 
 			originalValue, err := jsonCursor.NextValue(ctx)
@@ -251,15 +253,18 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) insertIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonL
 
 			insertedValueBytes, err := types.MarshallJson(val)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, false, err
+				return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 			}
 
 			jsonChunker.appendJsonToBuffer([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("[%s,%s]", originalValue, insertedValueBytes)))
-			jsonChunker.processBuffer(ctx)
+			err = jsonChunker.processBuffer(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
+			}
 
 			newRoot, err := jsonChunker.Done(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, false, err
+				return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 			}
 
 			return NewIndexedJsonDocument(ctx, newRoot, i.m.NodeStore), true, nil
@@ -285,14 +290,14 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) insertIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonL
 
 	insertedValueBytes, err := types.MarshallJson(val)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	// The key is guaranteed to not exist in the source doc. The cursor is pointing to the start of the subsequent object,
 	// which will be the insertion point for the added value.
 	jsonChunker, err := newJsonChunker(ctx, jsonCursor, i.m.NodeStore)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	// If required, adds a comma before writing the value.
@@ -302,18 +307,21 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) insertIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonL
 
 	// If the value is a newly inserted key, write the key.
 	if !keyLastPathElement.isArrayIndex {
-		jsonChunker.appendJsonToBuffer([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(`"%s":`, keyLastPathElement.key)))
+		jsonChunker.appendJsonToBuffer([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(`"%s":`, escapeKey(keyLastPathElement.key))))
 	}
 
 	// Manually set the chunker's path and offset to the start of the value we're about to insert.
 	jsonChunker.jScanner.valueOffset = len(jsonChunker.jScanner.jsonBuffer)
 	jsonChunker.jScanner.currentPath = keyPath
 	jsonChunker.appendJsonToBuffer(insertedValueBytes)
-	jsonChunker.processBuffer(ctx)
+	err = jsonChunker.processBuffer(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
+	}
 
 	newRoot, err := jsonChunker.Done(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	return NewIndexedJsonDocument(ctx, newRoot, i.m.NodeStore), true, nil
@@ -343,10 +351,17 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) tryRemove(ctx context.Context, path string) (types.
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
+	return i.removeWithLocation(ctx, keyPath)
+}
+
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) RemoveWithKey(ctx context.Context, key []byte) (IndexedJsonDocument, bool, error) {
+	return i.removeWithLocation(ctx, jsonPathFromKey(key))
+}
 
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) removeWithLocation(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonLocation) (IndexedJsonDocument, bool, error) {
 	jsonCursor, found, err := newJsonCursor(ctx, i.m.NodeStore, i.m.Root, keyPath, true)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 	if !found {
 		// The key does not exist in the document.
@@ -356,7 +371,7 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) tryRemove(ctx context.Context, path string) (types.
 	// The cursor is now pointing to the end of the value prior to the one being removed.
 	jsonChunker, err := newJsonChunker(ctx, jsonCursor, i.m.NodeStore)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	startofRemovedLocation := jsonCursor.GetCurrentPath()
@@ -367,7 +382,7 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) tryRemove(ctx context.Context, path string) (types.
 	keyPath.setScannerState(endOfValue)
 	_, err = jsonCursor.AdvanceToLocation(ctx, keyPath, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	// If removing the first element of an object/array, skip past the comma, and set the chunker as if it's
@@ -379,7 +394,7 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) tryRemove(ctx context.Context, path string) (types.
 
 	newRoot, err := jsonChunker.Done(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	return NewIndexedJsonDocument(ctx, newRoot, i.m.NodeStore), true, nil
@@ -406,10 +421,17 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) trySet(ctx context.Context, path string, val sql.JS
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, false, err
 	}
+	return i.setWithLocation(ctx, keyPath, val)
+}
 
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) SetWithKey(ctx context.Context, key []byte, val sql.JSONWrapper) (IndexedJsonDocument, bool, error) {
+	return i.setWithLocation(ctx, jsonPathFromKey(key), val)
+}
+
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) setWithLocation(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonLocation, val sql.JSONWrapper) (IndexedJsonDocument, bool, error) {
 	jsonCursor, found, err := newJsonCursor(ctx, i.m.NodeStore, i.m.Root, keyPath, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	// The supplied path may be 0-indexing into a scalar, which is the same as referencing the scalar. Remove
@@ -480,32 +502,35 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) tryReplace(ctx context.Context, path string, val sq
 	return i.replaceIntoCursor(ctx, keyPath, jsonCursor, val)
 }
 
-func (i IndexedJsonDocument) replaceIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonLocation, jsonCursor *JsonCursor, val sql.JSONWrapper) (types.MutableJSON, bool, error) {
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) replaceIntoCursor(ctx context.Context, keyPath jsonLocation, jsonCursor *JsonCursor, val sql.JSONWrapper) (IndexedJsonDocument, bool, error) {
 
 	// The cursor is now pointing to the start of the value being replaced.
 	jsonChunker, err := newJsonChunker(ctx, jsonCursor, i.m.NodeStore)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	// Advance the cursor to the end of the value being removed.
 	keyPath.setScannerState(endOfValue)
 	_, err = jsonCursor.AdvanceToLocation(ctx, keyPath, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	insertedValueBytes, err := types.MarshallJson(val)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	jsonChunker.appendJsonToBuffer(insertedValueBytes)
-	jsonChunker.processBuffer(ctx)
+	err = jsonChunker.processBuffer(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
+	}
 
 	newRoot, err := jsonChunker.Done(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return IndexedJsonDocument{}, false, err
 	}
 
 	return NewIndexedJsonDocument(ctx, newRoot, i.m.NodeStore), true, nil
@@ -548,3 +573,137 @@ func (i IndexedJsonDocument) GetBytes() (bytes []byte, err error) {
 	// TODO: Add context parameter to JSONBytes.GetBytes
 	return getBytesFromIndexedJsonMap(i.ctx, i.m)
 }
+
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) getFirstCharacter(ctx context.Context) (byte, error) {
+	stopIterationError := fmt.Errorf("stop")
+	var firstCharacter byte
+	err := i.m.WalkNodes(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, nd Node) error {
+		if nd.IsLeaf() {
+			firstCharacter = nd.GetValue(0)[0]
+			return stopIterationError
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != stopIterationError {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return firstCharacter, nil
+}
+
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) getTypeCategory() (jsonTypeCategory, error) {
+	firstCharacter, err := i.getFirstCharacter(i.ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return getTypeCategoryFromFirstCharacter(firstCharacter), nil
+}
+
+func GetTypeCategory(wrapper sql.JSONWrapper) (jsonTypeCategory, error) {
+	switch doc := wrapper.(type) {
+	case IndexedJsonDocument:
+		return doc.getTypeCategory()
+	case *types.LazyJSONDocument:
+		return getTypeCategoryFromFirstCharacter(doc.Bytes[0]), nil
+	default:
+		val, err := doc.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		return getTypeCategoryOfValue(val)
+	}
+}
+
+// Type implements types.ComparableJson
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) Type(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	firstCharacter, err := i.getFirstCharacter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	switch firstCharacter {
+	case '{':
+		return "OBJECT", nil
+	case '[':
+		return "ARRAY", nil
+	}
+	// At this point the value must be a scalar, so it's okay to just load the whole thing.
+	val, err := i.ToInterface()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return sqljson.TypeOfJsonValue(val), nil
+}
+
+// Compare implements types.ComparableJson
+func (i IndexedJsonDocument) Compare(other interface{}) (int, error) {
+	thisTypeCategory, err := i.getTypeCategory()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	otherIndexedDocument, ok := other.(IndexedJsonDocument)
+	if !ok {
+		val, err := i.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		otherVal := other
+		if otherWrapper, ok := other.(sql.JSONWrapper); ok {
+			otherVal, err = otherWrapper.ToInterface()
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+		return types.CompareJSON(val, otherVal)
+	}
+
+	otherTypeCategory, err := otherIndexedDocument.getTypeCategory()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if thisTypeCategory < otherTypeCategory {
+		return -1, nil
+	}
+	if thisTypeCategory > otherTypeCategory {
+		return 1, nil
+	}
+	switch thisTypeCategory {
+	case jsonTypeNull:
+		return 0, nil
+	case jsonTypeArray, jsonTypeObject:
+		// To compare two values that are both arrays or both objects, we must locate the first location
+		// where they differ.
+
+		jsonDiffer, err := NewIndexedJsonDiffer(i.ctx, i, otherIndexedDocument)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		firstDiff, err := jsonDiffer.Next(i.ctx)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			// The two documents have no differences.
+			return 0, nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		switch firstDiff.Type {
+		case AddedDiff:
+			// A key is present in other but not this.
+			return -1, nil
+		case RemovedDiff:
+			return 1, nil
+		case ModifiedDiff:
+			// Since both modified values have already been loaded into memory,
+			// We can just compare them.
+			return types.JSON.Compare(firstDiff.From, firstDiff.To)
+		default:
+			panic("Impossible diff type")
+		}
+	default:
+		val, err := i.ToInterface()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		return types.CompareJSON(val, other)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document_test.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document_test.go
index 5a9b7e0e0a..7a7adc5637 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document_test.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_indexed_document_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/expression/function/json/jsontests"
 	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
+	typetests "github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types/jsontests"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -301,3 +302,156 @@ func TestIndexedJsonDocument_ContainsPath(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := jsontests.JsonContainsPathTestCases(t, convertToIndexedJsonDocument)
 	jsontests.RunJsonTests(t, testCases)
 }
+
+func TestJsonCompare(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := sql.NewEmptyContext()
+	ns := NewTestNodeStore()
+	convertToIndexedJsonDocument := func(t *testing.T, left, right interface{}) (interface{}, interface{}) {
+		if left != nil {
+			left = newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, left)
+		}
+		if right != nil {
+			right = newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, right)
+		}
+		return left, right
+	}
+	convertOnlyLeftToIndexedJsonDocument := func(t *testing.T, left, right interface{}) (interface{}, interface{}) {
+		if left != nil {
+			left = newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, left)
+		}
+		if right != nil {
+			rightJSON, inRange, err := types.JSON.Convert(right)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.True(t, bool(inRange))
+			rightInterface, err := rightJSON.(sql.JSONWrapper).ToInterface()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			right = types.JSONDocument{Val: rightInterface}
+		}
+		return left, right
+	}
+	convertOnlyRightToIndexedJsonDocument := func(t *testing.T, left, right interface{}) (interface{}, interface{}) {
+		right, left = convertOnlyLeftToIndexedJsonDocument(t, right, left)
+		return left, right
+	}
+
+	t.Run("small documents", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tests := append(typetests.JsonCompareTests, typetests.JsonCompareNullsTests...)
+		t.Run("compare two indexed json documents", func(t *testing.T) {
+			typetests.RunJsonCompareTests(t, tests, convertToIndexedJsonDocument)
+		})
+		t.Run("compare indexed json document with non-indexed", func(t *testing.T) {
+			typetests.RunJsonCompareTests(t, tests, convertOnlyLeftToIndexedJsonDocument)
+		})
+		t.Run("compare non-indexed json document with indexed", func(t *testing.T) {
+			typetests.RunJsonCompareTests(t, tests, convertOnlyRightToIndexedJsonDocument)
+		})
+	})
+
+	noError := func(j types.MutableJSON, changed bool, err error) types.MutableJSON {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.True(t, changed)
+		return j
+	}
+
+	largeArray := createLargeDocumentForTesting(t, ctx, ns)
+	largeObjectWrapper, err := largeArray.Lookup(ctx, "$[7]")
+	largeObject := newIndexedJsonDocumentFromValue(t, ctx, ns, largeObjectWrapper)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	largeDocTests := []typetests.JsonCompareTest{
+		{
+			Name:  "large object < boolean",
+			Left:  largeObject,
+			Right: true,
+			Cmp:   -1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large object > string",
+			Left:  largeObject,
+			Right: `"test"`,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large object > number",
+			Left:  largeObject,
+			Right: 1,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large object > null",
+			Left:  largeObject,
+			Right: `null`,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "inserting into beginning of object makes it greater",
+			Left:  largeObject,
+			Right: noError(largeObject.Insert(ctx, "$.a", types.MustJSON("1"))),
+			Cmp:   -1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "inserting into end of object makes it greater",
+			Left:  largeObject,
+			Right: noError(largeObject.Insert(ctx, "$.z", types.MustJSON("1"))),
+			Cmp:   -1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large array < boolean",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: true,
+			Cmp:   -1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large array > string",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: `"test"`,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large array > number",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: 1,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large array > null",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: `null`,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "inserting into end of array makes it greater",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: noError(largeArray.ArrayAppend("$", types.MustJSON("1"))),
+			Cmp:   -1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "inserting high value into beginning of array makes it greater",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: noError(largeArray.ArrayInsert("$[0]", types.MustJSON("true"))),
+			Cmp:   -1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "inserting low value into beginning of array makes it less",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: noError(largeArray.ArrayInsert("$[0]", types.MustJSON("1"))),
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "large array > large object",
+			Left:  largeArray,
+			Right: largeObject,
+			Cmp:   1,
+		},
+	}
+	t.Run("large documents", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("compare two indexed json documents", func(t *testing.T) {
+			typetests.RunJsonCompareTests(t, largeDocTests, convertToIndexedJsonDocument)
+		})
+		t.Run("compare indexed json document with non-indexed", func(t *testing.T) {
+			typetests.RunJsonCompareTests(t, largeDocTests, convertOnlyLeftToIndexedJsonDocument)
+		})
+		t.Run("compare non-indexed json document with indexed", func(t *testing.T) {
+			typetests.RunJsonCompareTests(t, largeDocTests, convertOnlyRightToIndexedJsonDocument)
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_location.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_location.go
index b6c8a413be..c532f07ac9 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_location.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_location.go
@@ -186,10 +186,31 @@ const (
 	lexStateEscapedQuotedKey lexState = 5
 )
 
+func escapeKey(key []byte) []byte {
+	return bytes.Replace(key, []byte(`"`), []byte(`\"`), -1)
+}
+
 func unescapeKey(key []byte) []byte {
 	return bytes.Replace(key, []byte(`\"`), []byte(`"`), -1)
 }
 
+// IsJsonKeyPrefix computes whether one key encodes a json location that is a prefix of another.
+// Example: $.a is a prefix of $.a.b, but not $.aa
+func IsJsonKeyPrefix(path, prefix []byte) bool {
+	return bytes.HasPrefix(path, prefix) && (path[len(prefix)] == beginArrayKey || path[len(prefix)] == beginObjectKey)
+}
+
+func JsonKeysModifySameArray(leftKey, rightKey []byte) bool {
+	i := 0
+	for i < len(leftKey) && i < len(rightKey) && leftKey[i] == rightKey[i] {
+		if leftKey[i] == beginArrayKey {
+			return true
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func jsonPathElementsFromMySQLJsonPath(pathBytes []byte) (jsonLocation, error) {
 	location := newRootLocation()
 	state := lexStatePath
@@ -417,6 +438,14 @@ type jsonLocationOrdering struct{}
 var _ Ordering[[]byte] = jsonLocationOrdering{}
 
 func (jsonLocationOrdering) Compare(left, right []byte) int {
+	// A JSON document that fits entirely in a single chunk has no keys,
+	if len(left) == 0 && len(right) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	} else if len(left) == 0 {
+		return -1
+	} else if len(right) == 0 {
+		return 1
+	}
 	leftPath := jsonPathFromKey(left)
 	rightPath := jsonPathFromKey(right)
 	return compareJsonLocations(leftPath, rightPath)
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_scanner.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_scanner.go
index 413b44ca45..8a7ffcf28f 100644
--- a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_scanner.go
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_scanner.go
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func (s *JsonScanner) acceptValue() error {
 const endOfFile byte = 0xFF
 
 // current returns the current byte being parsed, or 0xFF if we've reached the end of the file.
-// (Since the JSON is UTF-8, the 0xFF byte cannot otherwise appear within in.)
+// (Since the JSON is UTF-8, the 0xFF byte cannot otherwise appear within it.)
 func (s JsonScanner) current() byte {
 	if s.valueOffset >= len(s.jsonBuffer) {
 		return endOfFile
diff --git a/go/store/prolly/tree/json_type_categories.go b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_type_categories.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac640e2c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/store/prolly/tree/json_type_categories.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Dolthub, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package tree
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
+	"github.com/shopspring/decimal"
+)
+
+type jsonTypeCategory int
+
+const (
+	jsonTypeNull jsonTypeCategory = iota
+	jsonTypeNumber
+	jsonTypeString
+	jsonTypeObject
+	jsonTypeArray
+	jsonTypeBoolean
+)
+
+func getTypeCategoryOfValue(val interface{}) (jsonTypeCategory, error) {
+	if val == nil {
+		return jsonTypeNull, nil
+	}
+	switch val.(type) {
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return jsonTypeObject, nil
+	case []interface{}:
+		return jsonTypeArray, nil
+	case bool:
+		return jsonTypeBoolean, nil
+	case string:
+		return jsonTypeString, nil
+	case decimal.Decimal, int8, int16, int32, int64, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, float32, float64:
+		return jsonTypeNumber, nil
+	}
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("expected json value, got %v", val)
+}
+
+// getTypeCategoryFromFirstCharacter returns the type of a JSON object by inspecting its first byte.
+func getTypeCategoryFromFirstCharacter(c byte) jsonTypeCategory {
+	switch c {
+	case '{':
+		return jsonTypeObject
+	case '[':
+		return jsonTypeArray
+	case 'n':
+		return jsonTypeNull
+	case 't', 'f':
+		return jsonTypeBoolean
+	case '"':
+		return jsonTypeString
+	default:
+		return jsonTypeNumber
+	}
+}
+
+func IsJsonObject(json sql.JSONWrapper) (bool, error) {
+	valType, err := GetTypeCategory(json)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return valType == jsonTypeObject, nil
+}
diff --git a/go/utils/publishrelease/install.sh b/go/utils/publishrelease/install.sh
index 6bd2f2bf72..b212efe0dc 100644
--- a/go/utils/publishrelease/install.sh
+++ b/go/utils/publishrelease/install.sh
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ _() {
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
-DOLT_VERSION=__DOLT_VERSION__
-RELEASES_BASE_URL=https://github.com/dolthub/dolt/releases/download/v"$DOLT_VERSION"
-INSTALL_URL=$RELEASES_BASE_URL/install.sh
+DOLT_VERSION='__DOLT_VERSION__'
+RELEASES_BASE_URL="https://github.com/dolthub/dolt/releases/download/v$DOLT_VERSION"
+INSTALL_URL="$RELEASES_BASE_URL/install.sh"
 
-CURL_USER_AGENT=${CURL_USER_AGENT:-dolt-installer}
+CURL_USER_AGENT="${CURL_USER_AGENT:-dolt-installer}"
 
 OS=
 ARCH=
@@ -30,84 +30,88 @@ WORK_DIR=
 PLATFORM_TUPLE=
 
 error() {
-  if [ $# != 0 ]; then
-    echo -e "\e[0;31m""$@""\e[0m" >&2
+  if [ "$#" != 0 ]; then
+    printf '\e[0;31m%s\e[0m\n' "$*" >&2
   fi
 }
 
 fail() {
   local error_code="$1"
   shift
-  echo "*** INSTALLATION FAILED ***" >&2
-  echo "" >&2
+  echo '*** INSTALLATION FAILED ***' >&2
+  echo '' >&2
   error "$@"
-  echo "" >&2
+  echo '' >&2
   exit 1
 }
 
 assert_linux_or_macos() {
-  OS=`uname`
-  ARCH=`uname -m`
-  if [ "$OS" != Linux -a "$OS" != Darwin ]; then
-    fail "E_UNSUPPORTED_OS" "dolt install.sh only supports macOS and Linux."
+  OS="$(uname)"
+  ARCH="$(uname -m)"
+  if [ "$OS" != 'Linux' ] && [ "$OS" != 'Darwin' ]; then
+    fail 'E_UNSUPPORTED_OS' 'dolt install.sh only supports macOS and Linux.'
   fi
 
   # Translate aarch64 to arm64, since that's what GOARCH calls it
-  if [ "$ARCH" == "aarch64" ]; then
-    ARCH="arm64"
+  if [ "$ARCH" == 'aarch64' ]; then
+    ARCH='arm64'
   fi
 
-  if [ "$ARCH-$OS" != "x86_64-Linux" -a "$ARCH-$OS" != "x86_64-Darwin" -a "$ARCH-$OS" != "arm64-Darwin" -a "$ARCH-$OS" != "arm64-Linux" ]; then
-    fail "E_UNSUPPOSED_ARCH" "dolt install.sh only supports installing dolt on x86_64, x86, Linux-aarch64, or Darwin-arm64."
+  if [ "$ARCH-$OS" != 'x86_64-Linux' ] && [ "$ARCH-$OS" != 'x86_64-Darwin' ] && [ "$ARCH-$OS" != 'arm64-Linux' ] && [ "$ARCH-$OS" != 'arm64-Darwin' ]; then
+    fail 'E_UNSUPPOSED_ARCH' 'dolt install.sh only supports installing dolt on Linux-x86_64, Darwin-x86_64, Linux-aarch64, or Darwin-arm64.'
   fi
 
-  if [ "$OS" == Linux ]; then
+  if [ "$OS" == 'Linux' ]; then
     PLATFORM_TUPLE=linux
   else
     PLATFORM_TUPLE=darwin
   fi
-  if [ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]; then
-    PLATFORM_TUPLE=$PLATFORM_TUPLE-amd64
-  elif [ "$ARCH" == arm64 ]; then
-    PLATFORM_TUPLE=$PLATFORM_TUPLE-arm64
+
+  if [ "$ARCH" == 'x86_64' ]; then
+    PLATFORM_TUPLE="$PLATFORM_TUPLE-amd64"
+  else
+    PLATFORM_TUPLE="$PLATFORM_TUPLE-arm64"
   fi
 }
 
 assert_dependencies() {
-  type -p curl > /dev/null || fail "E_CURL_MISSING" "Please install curl(1)."
-  type -p tar > /dev/null || fail "E_TAR_MISSING" "Please install tar(1)."
-  type -p uname > /dev/null || fail "E_UNAME_MISSING" "Please install uname(1)."
-  type -p install > /dev/null || fail "E_INSTALL_MISSING" "Please install install(1)."
-  type -p mktemp > /dev/null || fail "E_MKTEMP_MISSING" "Please install mktemp(1)."
+  type -p curl > /dev/null || fail 'E_CURL_MISSING' 'Please install curl(1).'
+  type -p tar > /dev/null || fail 'E_TAR_MISSING' 'Please install tar(1).'
+  type -p uname > /dev/null || fail 'E_UNAME_MISSING' 'Please install uname(1).'
+  type -p install > /dev/null || fail 'E_INSTALL_MISSING' 'Please install install(1).'
+  type -p mktemp > /dev/null || fail 'E_MKTEMP_MISSING' 'Please install mktemp(1).'
 }
 
 assert_uid_zero() {
-  uid=`id -u`
+  uid="$(id -u)"
   if [ "$uid" != 0 ]; then
-    fail "E_UID_NONZERO" "dolt install.sh must run as root; please try running with sudo or running\n\`curl $INSTALL_URL | sudo bash\`."
+    fail 'E_UID_NONZERO' "dolt install.sh must run as root; please try running with sudo or running\n\`curl $INSTALL_URL | sudo bash\`."
   fi
 }
 
 create_workdir() {
-  WORK_DIR=`mktemp -d -t dolt-installer.XXXXXX`
+  WORK_DIR="$(mktemp -d -t dolt-installer.XXXXXX)"
   cleanup() {
     rm -rf "$WORK_DIR"
   }
+
   trap cleanup EXIT
   cd "$WORK_DIR"
 }
 
 install_binary_release() {
-  local FILE=dolt-$PLATFORM_TUPLE.tar.gz
-  local URL=$RELEASES_BASE_URL/$FILE
-  echo "Downloading:" $URL
+  local FILE="dolt-$PLATFORM_TUPLE.tar.gz"
+  local URL="$RELEASES_BASE_URL/$FILE"
+
+  echo "Downloading: $URL"
   curl -A "$CURL_USER_AGENT" -fsL "$URL" > "$FILE"
   tar zxf "$FILE"
-  echo "Installing dolt /usr/local/bin."
-  [ -d /usr/local/bin ] || install -o 0 -g 0 -d /usr/local/bin
-  install -o 0 -g 0 dolt-$PLATFORM_TUPLE/bin/dolt /usr/local/bin
+
+  echo 'Installing dolt into /usr/local/bin.'
+  [ ! -d /usr/local/bin ] && install -o 0 -g 0 -d /usr/local/bin
+  install -o 0 -g 0 "dolt-$PLATFORM_TUPLE/bin/dolt" /usr/local/bin
   install -o 0 -g 0 -d /usr/local/share/doc/dolt/
-  install -o 0 -g 0 -m 644 dolt-$PLATFORM_TUPLE/LICENSES /usr/local/share/doc/dolt/
+  install -o 0 -g 0 -m 644 "dolt-$PLATFORM_TUPLE/LICENSES" /usr/local/share/doc/dolt/
 }
 
 assert_linux_or_macos
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/cherry-pick.bats b/integration-tests/bats/cherry-pick.bats
index 79a3cba0c3..8421af0e4e 100644
--- a/integration-tests/bats/cherry-pick.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/cherry-pick.bats
@@ -75,12 +75,19 @@ teardown() {
     [[ "$output" =~ "ancestor" ]] || false
 }
 
-@test "cherry-pick: no changes" {
+@test "cherry-pick: empty commit handling" {
     dolt commit --allow-empty -am "empty commit"
     dolt checkout main
+
+    # If an empty commit is cherry-picked, Git will stop the cherry-pick and allow you to manually commit it
+    # with the --allow-empty flag. We don't support that yet, so instead, empty commits generate an error.
     run dolt cherry-pick branch1
+    [ "$status" -eq "1" ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "The previous cherry-pick commit is empty. Use --allow-empty to cherry-pick empty commits." ]] || false
+
+    # If the --allow-empty flag is specified, then empty commits can be automatically cherry-picked.
+    run dolt cherry-pick --allow-empty branch1
     [ "$status" -eq "0" ]
-    [[ "$output" =~ "No changes were made" ]] || false
 }
 
 @test "cherry-pick: invalid hash" {
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/log.bats b/integration-tests/bats/log.bats
index f5a1b878b0..245f70d1ad 100755
--- a/integration-tests/bats/log.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/log.bats
@@ -844,10 +844,11 @@ export NO_COLOR=1
     [[  "${lines[7]}" =~ "Author:" ]] || false                            #   Author: 
     [[  "${lines[8]}" =~ "Date:" ]] || false                              #   Date: 
     [[  "${lines[9]}" =~ "Initialize data repository" ]] || false         #      Initialize data repository
+    [[ ! "${lines[9]}" =~ "%!(EXTRA string=" ]] || false
 
     run dolt log --graph --oneline
     [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
-
+    
     [[ "${lines[0]}" =~ \* ]] || false
     [[ ! "$output" =~ "Author" ]] || false
     [[ ! "$output" =~ "Date" ]] || false
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/ls.bats b/integration-tests/bats/ls.bats
index 498bff7cc6..6841f4d374 100755
--- a/integration-tests/bats/ls.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/ls.bats
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ teardown() {
 @test "ls: --system shows system tables" {
     run dolt ls --system
     [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
-    [ "${#lines[@]}" -eq 20 ]
+    [ "${#lines[@]}" -eq 22 ]
     [[ "$output" =~ "System tables:" ]] || false
     [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_status" ]] || false
     [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_commits" ]] || false
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ teardown() {
     [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_conflicts_table_two" ]] || false
     [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_diff_table_two" ]] || false
     [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_commit_diff_table_two" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_workspace_table_one" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_workspace_table_two" ]] || false
 }
 
 @test "ls: --all shows tables in working set and system tables" {
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/no-repo.bats b/integration-tests/bats/no-repo.bats
index 7b19c59983..3a030fbb70 100755
--- a/integration-tests/bats/no-repo.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/no-repo.bats
@@ -422,3 +422,46 @@ NOT_VALID_REPO_ERROR="The current directory is not a valid dolt repository."
     [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
     [[ "$output" =~ "Unknown Command notarealcommand" ]] || false
 }
+
+@test "no-repo: the global dolt directory is not accessible due to permissions" {
+    noPermissionsDir=$(mktemp -d -t noPermissions-XXXX)
+    chmod 000 $noPermissionsDir
+    DOLT_ROOT_PATH=$noPermissionsDir
+
+    run dolt version
+    [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Failed to load the global config" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "permission denied" ]] || false
+
+    run dolt sql
+    [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Failed to load the global config" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "permission denied" ]] || false
+
+    run dolt sql-server
+    [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Failed to load the global config" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "permission denied" ]] || false
+}
+
+@test "no-repo: the global dolt directory is accessible, but not writable" {
+    noPermissionsDir=$(mktemp -d -t noPermissions-XXXX)
+    chmod 000 $noPermissionsDir
+    chmod a+x $noPermissionsDir
+    DOLT_ROOT_PATH=$noPermissionsDir
+
+    run dolt version
+    [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Failed to load the global config" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "permission denied" ]] || false
+
+    run dolt sql
+    [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Failed to load the global config" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "permission denied" ]] || false
+
+    run dolt sql-server
+    [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Failed to load the global config" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "permission denied" ]] || false
+}
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/rebase.bats b/integration-tests/bats/rebase.bats
index 67795e43ca..e0b35a1803 100755
--- a/integration-tests/bats/rebase.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/rebase.bats
@@ -4,17 +4,14 @@ load $BATS_TEST_DIRNAME/helper/common.bash
 setup() {
     setup_common
     dolt sql -q "CREATE table t1 (pk int primary key, c int);"
-    dolt add t1
-    dolt commit -m "main commit 1"
+    dolt commit -Am "main commit 1"
     dolt branch b1
     dolt sql -q "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,1);"
-    dolt add t1
-    dolt commit -m "main commit 2"
+    dolt commit -am "main commit 2"
 
     dolt checkout b1
     dolt sql -q "CREATE table t2 (pk int primary key);"
-    dolt add t2
-    dolt commit -m "b1 commit 1"
+    dolt commit -Am "b1 commit 1"
 
     dolt checkout main
 }
@@ -380,3 +377,43 @@ setupCustomEditorScript() {
     [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
     ! [[ "$output" =~ "dolt_rebase_b1" ]] || false
 }
+
+@test "rebase: rebase with commits that become empty" {
+    setupCustomEditorScript
+
+    # Apply the same change to b1 that was applied to main in it's most recent commit
+    # and tag the tip of b1, so we can go reset back to this commit
+    dolt checkout b1
+    dolt sql -q "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,1);"
+    dolt commit -am "repeating change from main on b1"
+    dolt tag testStartPoint
+
+    # By default, dolt will drop the empty commit
+    run dolt rebase -i main
+    [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/b1" ]] || false
+
+    # Make sure the commit that became empty doesn't appear in the commit log
+    run dolt log
+    [[ ! $output =~ "repeating change from main on b1" ]] || false
+
+    # Reset back to the test start point and repeat the rebase with --empty=drop (the default)
+    dolt reset --hard testStartPoint
+    run dolt rebase -i --empty=drop main
+    [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/b1" ]] || false
+
+    # Make sure the commit that became empty does NOT appear in the commit log
+    run dolt log
+    [[ ! $output =~ "repeating change from main on b1" ]] || false
+
+    # Reset back to the test start point and repeat the rebase with --empty=keep
+    dolt reset --hard testStartPoint
+    run dolt rebase -i --empty=keep main
+    [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/b1" ]] || false
+
+    # Make sure the commit that became empty appears in the commit log
+    run dolt log
+    [[ $output =~ "repeating change from main on b1" ]] || false
+}
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/show.bats b/integration-tests/bats/show.bats
index 06ae97b7f5..f3918ec234 100644
--- a/integration-tests/bats/show.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/show.bats
@@ -140,6 +140,25 @@ assert_has_key_value() {
     assert_has_key "ParentClosure" "$output"
 }
 
+@test "show: --no-pretty commit hash" {
+    dolt commit --allow-empty -m "commit: initialize table1"
+    hash=$(dolt sql -q "select dolt_hashof('head');" -r csv | tail -n 1)
+    run dolt show --no-pretty $hash
+    [ $status -eq 0 ]
+    [[ "$output" =~ "SerialMessage" ]] || false
+    assert_has_key "Name" "$output"
+    assert_has_key_value "Name" "Bats Tests" "$output"
+    assert_has_key_value "Desc" "commit: initialize table1" "$output"
+    assert_has_key_value "Name" "Bats Tests" "$output"
+    assert_has_key_value "Email" "bats@email.fake" "$output"
+    assert_has_key "Timestamp" "$output"
+    assert_has_key "UserTimestamp" "$output"
+    assert_has_key_value "Height" "2" "$output"
+    assert_has_key "RootValue" "$output"
+    assert_has_key "Parents" "$output"
+    assert_has_key "ParentClosure" "$output"
+}
+
 @test "show: HEAD root" {
     dolt sql -q "create table table1 (pk int PRIMARY KEY)"
     dolt sql -q "insert into table1 values (1), (2), (3)"
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/sql-cherry-pick.bats b/integration-tests/bats/sql-cherry-pick.bats
index 5942736b80..5f279e7971 100644
--- a/integration-tests/bats/sql-cherry-pick.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/sql-cherry-pick.bats
@@ -87,14 +87,21 @@ SQL
     [[ "$output" =~ "ancestor" ]] || false
 }
 
-@test "sql-cherry-pick: no changes" {
+@test "sql-cherry-pick: empty commit handling" {
     run dolt sql<<SQL
 CALL DOLT_COMMIT('--allow-empty', '-m', 'empty commit');
 CALL DOLT_CHECKOUT('main');
 CALL DOLT_CHERRY_PICK('branch1');
 SQL
     [ "$status" -eq "1" ]
-    [[ "$output" =~ "no changes were made, nothing to commit" ]] || false
+    [[ "$output" =~ "The previous cherry-pick commit is empty. Use --allow-empty to cherry-pick empty commits." ]] || false
+
+    # Calling dolt_cherry_pick with --allow-empty creates the empty commit
+    run dolt sql<<SQL
+CALL DOLT_CHECKOUT('main');
+CALL DOLT_CHERRY_PICK('--allow-empty', 'branch1');
+SQL
+    [ "$status" -eq "0" ]
 }
 
 @test "sql-cherry-pick: invalid hash" {
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/sql-local-remote.bats b/integration-tests/bats/sql-local-remote.bats
index b5c20e9774..6576903766 100644
--- a/integration-tests/bats/sql-local-remote.bats
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/sql-local-remote.bats
@@ -478,17 +478,17 @@ EOF
 
   run dolt show --no-pretty
   [ $status -eq 1 ] || false
-  [[ "$output" =~ "\`dolt show --no-pretty\` or \`dolt show NON_COMMIT_REF\` only supported in local mode." ]] || false
+  [[ "$output" =~ '`dolt show --no-pretty` or `dolt show (BRANCHNAME)` only supported in local mode.' ]] || false
 
   run dolt show "$parentHash"
   [ $status -eq 0 ] || false
   [[ "$output" =~ "tables table1, table2" ]] || false
   run dolt show "$parentClosureHash"
   [ $status -eq 1 ] || false
-  [[ "$output" =~ "\`dolt show --no-pretty\` or \`dolt show NON_COMMIT_REF\` only supported in local mode." ]] || false
+  [[ "$output" =~ '`dolt show (NON_COMMIT_HASH)` only supported in local mode.' ]] || false
   run dolt show "$rootValue"
   [ $status -eq 1 ] || false
-  [[ "$output" =~ "\`dolt show --no-pretty\` or \`dolt show NON_COMMIT_REF\` only supported in local mode." ]] || false
+  [[ "$output" =~ '`dolt show (NON_COMMIT_HASH)` only supported in local mode.' ]] || false
 
   stop_sql_server 1
 }
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ SQL
     dolt reset --hard HEAD~1
 
     stop_sql_server 1
-    
+
     run dolt revert HEAD
     [ $status -eq 0 ]
     [[ $output =~ 'Revert "Commit ABCDEF"' ]] || false
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ SQL
   run dolt checkout br
   [ $status -eq 1 ]
 
-  [[ $output =~ "dolt checkout can not currently be used when there is a local server running. Please stop your dolt sql-server and try again." ]] || false
+  [[ $output =~ "dolt checkout can not currently be used when there is a local server running. Please stop your dolt sql-server or connect using \`dolt sql\` instead." ]] || false
 }
 
 @test "sql-local-remote: verify unmigrated command will fail with warning" {
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ SQL
     run dolt ls
     [ $status -eq 0 ]
     remoteOutput=$output
-    
+
     [[ "$localOutput" == "$remoteOutput" ]] || false
 }
 
diff --git a/integration-tests/bats/sql-shell-slash-cmds.expect b/integration-tests/bats/sql-shell-slash-cmds.expect
index 6d5f1aa5e7..e7a6bc4a7d 100755
--- a/integration-tests/bats/sql-shell-slash-cmds.expect
+++ b/integration-tests/bats/sql-shell-slash-cmds.expect
@@ -24,46 +24,81 @@ proc expect_with_defaults {pattern action} {
         }
     }
 }
+
 proc expect_with_defaults_2 {patternA patternB action} {
+    # First, match patternA
     expect {
         -re $patternA {
-#            puts "Matched pattern: $patternA"
-            exp_continue
-        }
-        -re $patternB {
-#            puts "Matched pattern: $patternB"
-            eval $action
+            puts "<<Matched expected pattern A: $patternA>>"
+            # Now match patternB
+            expect {
+                -re $patternB {
+                    puts "<<Matched expected pattern B: $patternB>>"
+                    eval $action
+                }
+                timeout {
+                    puts "<<Timeout waiting for pattern B>>"
+                    exit 1
+                }
+                eof {
+                    puts "<<End of File reached while waiting for pattern B>>"
+                    exit 1
+                }
+                failed {
+                    puts "<<Failed while waiting for pattern B>>"
+                    exit 1
+                }
+            }
         }
         timeout {
-            puts "<<Timeout>>";
+            puts "<<Timeout waiting for pattern A>>"
             exit 1
         }
         eof {
-            puts "<<End of File reached>>";
+            puts "<<End of File reached while waiting for pattern A>>"
             exit 1
         }
         failed {
-            puts "<<Failed>>";
+            puts "<<Failed while waiting for pattern A>>"
             exit 1
         }
     }
 }
 
 
-
 spawn dolt sql
 
-expect_with_defaults {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main\*> } { send "\\commit -A -m \"sql-shell-slash-cmds commit\"\r"; }
+expect_with_defaults                                                    {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main\*> } { send "\\commit -A -m \"sql-shell-slash-cmds commit\"\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults                                                    {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\log -n 1;\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {sql-shell-slash-cmds commit}                    {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\status\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {nothing to commit, working tree clean}          {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\checkout -b br1\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {Switched to branch 'br1'}                       {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1> }    { send "\\commit --allow-empty -m \"empty cmt\"\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {empty cmt}                                      {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1> }    { send "\\checkout main\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {Switched to branch 'main'}                      {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\commit --allow-empty -m \"main cmt\"\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {main cmt}                                       {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\merge br1\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {Everything up-to-date}                          {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\show\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {Merge branch 'br1'}                             {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\log -n 3\r"; }
+
+expect_with_defaults_2 {empty cmt}                                      {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\checkout br1\r"; }
 
-expect_with_defaults {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\log -n 1;\r"; }
+expect_with_defaults_2 {Switched to branch 'br1'}                       {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1> }    { send "\\merge main\r"; }
 
-expect_with_defaults_2 {sql-shell-slash-cmds commit} {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> } { send "\\status\r"; }
+expect_with_defaults_2 {Fast-forward}                                   {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1> }    { send "\\reset HEAD~3;\r"; }
 
-expect_with_defaults {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main> }   { send "\\reset HEAD~1;\r"; }
+expect_with_defaults                                                    {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1\*> }  { send "\\diff\r"; }
 
-expect_with_defaults {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main\*> } { send "\\diff\r"; }
+expect_with_defaults_2 {diff --dolt a/test b/test}                      {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1\*> }  { send "\\reset main\r"; }
 
-expect_with_defaults_2 {diff --dolt a/tbl b/tbl} {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/main\*> } {send "quit\r";}
+expect_with_defaults                                                    {dolt-repo-[0-9]+/br1> }    { send "quit\r" }
 
 expect eof
 exit