diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/function/library/FnName.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/function/library/FnName.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..546446a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/function/library/FnName.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: none
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+ */
+
+package gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.function.library;
+
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.DynamicContext;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.MetapathConstants;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.StaticContext;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.function.FunctionUtils;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.function.IArgument;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.function.IFunction;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.IItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.ISequence;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IStringItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.node.IDefinitionNodeItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.node.INodeItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.util.ObjectUtils;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
+
+/**
+ * /** Implements
+ * <a href= "https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions-31/#func-name">fn:name</a>
+ * functions.
+ */
+public final class FnName {
+  @NonNull
+  private static final String NAME = "name";
+  @NonNull
+  static final IFunction SIGNATURE_NO_ARG = IFunction.builder()
+      .name(NAME)
+      .namespace(MetapathConstants.NS_METAPATH_FUNCTIONS)
+      .deterministic()
+      .contextDependent()
+      .focusDependent()
+      .returnType(IStringItem.type())
+      .returnOne()
+      .functionHandler(FnName::executeNoArg)
+      .build();
+  @NonNull
+  static final IFunction SIGNATURE_ONE_ARG = IFunction.builder()
+      .name(NAME)
+      .namespace(MetapathConstants.NS_METAPATH_FUNCTIONS)
+      .deterministic()
+      .contextIndependent()
+      .focusDependent()
+      .argument(IArgument.builder()
+          .name("arg")
+          .type(INodeItem.type())
+          .zeroOrOne()
+          .build())
+      .returnType(IStringItem.type())
+      .returnOne()
+      .functionHandler(FnName::executeOneArg)
+      .build();
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  @NonNull
+  private static ISequence<IStringItem> executeNoArg(@NonNull IFunction function,
+      @NonNull List<ISequence<?>> arguments,
+      @NonNull DynamicContext dynamicContext,
+      IItem focus) {
+
+    INodeItem arg = FunctionUtils.asType(ObjectUtils.requireNonNull(focus));
+
+    return ISequence.of(
+        IStringItem.valueOf(fnName(arg, dynamicContext.getStaticContext())));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  @NonNull
+  private static ISequence<IStringItem> executeOneArg(@NonNull IFunction function,
+      @NonNull List<ISequence<?>> arguments,
+      @NonNull DynamicContext dynamicContext,
+      IItem focus) {
+    INodeItem arg = FunctionUtils.asTypeOrNull(ObjectUtils.requireNonNull(arguments.get(0)).getFirstItem(true));
+
+    return ISequence.of(
+        IStringItem.valueOf(arg == null ? "" : fnName(arg, dynamicContext.getStaticContext())));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the name of the provided node item.
+   * <p>
+   * Based on the XPath 3.1
+   * <a href= "https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions-31/#func-name">fn:name</a>
+   * function.
+   *
+   * @param arg
+   *          the node item to get the name for
+   * @param staticContext
+   *          the static context used to resolve the namespace prefix
+   * @return the name of the node if it has one, or an empty string otherwise
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  public static String fnName(@NonNull INodeItem arg, @NonNull StaticContext staticContext) {
+    return arg instanceof IDefinitionNodeItem
+        ? ((IDefinitionNodeItem<?, ?>) arg).getQName().toEQName(staticContext)
+        : "";
+  }
+
+  private FnName() {
+    // disable construction
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractArrayItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractArrayItem.java
index c8315574a..31ef93830 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractArrayItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractArrayItem.java
@@ -10,19 +10,14 @@
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.function.IArgument;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.ICollectionValue;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.ISequence;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IAnyAtomicItem;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IIntegerItem;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.function.IArrayItem;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.ISequenceType;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.Occurrence;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.qname.IEnhancedQName;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.util.ObjectUtils;
 
-import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
@@ -36,18 +31,12 @@
  */
 public abstract class AbstractArrayItem<ITEM extends ICollectionValue>
     extends ImmutableCollections.AbstractImmutableDelegatedList<ITEM>
-    implements IArrayItem<ITEM> {
+    implements IArrayItem<ITEM>, IFeatureCollectionFunctionItem {
   @NonNull
   private static final IEnhancedQName QNAME = IEnhancedQName.of("array");
   @NonNull
-  private static final Set<FunctionProperty> PROPERTIES = ObjectUtils.notNull(
-      EnumSet.of(FunctionProperty.DETERMINISTIC));
-  @NonNull
   private static final List<IArgument> ARGUMENTS = ObjectUtils.notNull(List.of(
       IArgument.builder().name("position").type(IIntegerItem.type()).one().build()));
-  @NonNull
-  private static final ISequenceType RESULT = ISequenceType.of(
-      IAnyAtomicItem.type(), Occurrence.ZERO_OR_ONE);
 
   @NonNull
   private static final IArrayItem<?> EMPTY = new ArrayItemN<>();
@@ -65,51 +54,16 @@ public static <T extends ICollectionValue> IArrayItem<T> empty() {
     return (IArrayItem<T>) EMPTY;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public boolean isDeterministic() {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isContextDepenent() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isFocusDependent() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public IEnhancedQName getQName() {
     return QNAME;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public Set<FunctionProperty> getProperties() {
-    return PROPERTIES;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public List<IArgument> getArguments() {
     return ARGUMENTS;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public int arity() {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isArityUnbounded() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public ISequenceType getResult() {
-    return RESULT;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public ISequence<?> execute(List<? extends ISequence<?>> arguments, DynamicContext dynamicContext,
       ISequence<?> focus) {
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractMapItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractMapItem.java
index ee9925fa3..c1c748531 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractMapItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/AbstractMapItem.java
@@ -15,17 +15,13 @@
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IIntegerItem;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.function.IMapItem;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.function.IMapKey;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.ISequenceType;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.Occurrence;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.qname.IEnhancedQName;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.util.ObjectUtils;
 
-import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
@@ -39,18 +35,12 @@
  */
 public abstract class AbstractMapItem<VALUE extends ICollectionValue>
     extends ImmutableCollections.AbstractImmutableDelegatedMap<IMapKey, VALUE>
-    implements IMapItem<VALUE> {
+    implements IMapItem<VALUE>, IFeatureCollectionFunctionItem {
   /**
    * The function qualified name.
    */
   @NonNull
   private static final IEnhancedQName QNAME = IEnhancedQName.of("map");
-  /**
-   * The function properties.
-   */
-  @NonNull
-  private static final Set<FunctionProperty> PROPERTIES = ObjectUtils.notNull(
-      EnumSet.of(FunctionProperty.DETERMINISTIC));
   /**
    * The function arguments.
    */
@@ -58,10 +48,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractMapItem<VALUE extends ICollectionValue>
   private static final List<IArgument> ARGUMENTS = ObjectUtils.notNull(List.of(
       IArgument.builder().name("key").type(IAnyAtomicItem.type()).one().build()));
   @NonNull
-  private static final ISequenceType RESULT = ISequenceType.of(
-      IAnyAtomicItem.type(), Occurrence.ZERO_OR_ONE);
-
-  @NonNull
   private static final IMapItem<?> EMPTY = new MapItemN<>();
 
   /**
@@ -78,51 +64,16 @@ public static <V extends ICollectionValue> IMapItem<V> empty() {
     return (IMapItem<V>) EMPTY;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public boolean isDeterministic() {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isContextDepenent() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isFocusDependent() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public IEnhancedQName getQName() {
     return QNAME;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public Set<FunctionProperty> getProperties() {
-    return PROPERTIES;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public List<IArgument> getArguments() {
     return ARGUMENTS;
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public int arity() {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isArityUnbounded() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public ISequenceType getResult() {
-    return RESULT;
-  }
-
   @Override
   public ISequence<?> execute(List<? extends ISequence<?>> arguments, DynamicContext dynamicContext,
       ISequence<?> focus) {
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/IFeatureCollectionFunctionItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/IFeatureCollectionFunctionItem.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0efe6d40b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/impl/IFeatureCollectionFunctionItem.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+package gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.impl;
+
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.function.IFunction;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IAnyAtomicItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.ISequenceType;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.Occurrence;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.util.ObjectUtils;
+
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
+
+public interface IFeatureCollectionFunctionItem extends IFunction {
+  /**
+   * The function properties.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  Set<FunctionProperty> PROPERTIES = ObjectUtils.notNull(
+      EnumSet.of(FunctionProperty.DETERMINISTIC));
+  /**
+   * The function result.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  ISequenceType RESULT = ISequenceType.of(
+      IAnyAtomicItem.type(), Occurrence.ZERO_OR_ONE);
+
+  @Override
+  default boolean isDeterministic() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  default boolean isContextDepenent() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  default boolean isFocusDependent() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  default Set<FunctionProperty> getProperties() {
+    return PROPERTIES;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  default int arity() {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  default boolean isArityUnbounded() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  default ISequenceType getResult() {
+    return RESULT;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractDefinitionNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractDefinitionNodeItem.java
index 53b445b70..8f23466a3 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractDefinitionNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractDefinitionNodeItem.java
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
 
-abstract class AbstractDefinitionNodeItem<D extends IDefinition, I extends INamedInstance>
+public abstract class AbstractDefinitionNodeItem<D extends IDefinition, I extends INamedInstance>
     extends AbstractNodeItem
     implements IFeatureOrhpanedDefinitionNodeItem<D, I> {
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractFlagInstanceNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractFlagInstanceNodeItem.java
index dd7203c60..a2b0dd22f 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractFlagInstanceNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractFlagInstanceNodeItem.java
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 /**
  * A {@link INodeItem} supported by a {@link IFlagInstance}.
  */
-abstract class AbstractFlagInstanceNodeItem
+public abstract class AbstractFlagInstanceNodeItem
     extends AbstractInstanceNodeItem<IFlagDefinition, IFlagInstance, IModelNodeItem<?, ?>>
     implements IFlagNodeItem {
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractGlobalDefinitionNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractGlobalDefinitionNodeItem.java
index 4734fb40c..2c0a62470 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractGlobalDefinitionNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractGlobalDefinitionNodeItem.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  * @param <D>
  *          the definition type
  */
-abstract class AbstractGlobalDefinitionNodeItem<D extends IDefinition, I extends INamedInstance>
+public abstract class AbstractGlobalDefinitionNodeItem<D extends IDefinition, I extends INamedInstance>
     extends AbstractDefinitionNodeItem<D, I> {
   @NonNull
   private final IModuleNodeItem metaschemaNodeItem;
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractInstanceNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractInstanceNodeItem.java
index db0d6074b..fffeca305 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractInstanceNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractInstanceNodeItem.java
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
 
-abstract class AbstractInstanceNodeItem<
+public abstract class AbstractInstanceNodeItem<
     D extends IDefinition,
     I extends INamedInstance,
     P extends IModelNodeItem<? extends IModelDefinition, ? extends INamedInstance>>
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractOrphanedDefinitionNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractOrphanedDefinitionNodeItem.java
index a35267aa1..33671bba6 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractOrphanedDefinitionNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/AbstractOrphanedDefinitionNodeItem.java
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.Nullable;
 
-abstract class AbstractOrphanedDefinitionNodeItem<D extends IDefinition, I extends INamedInstance>
+public abstract class AbstractOrphanedDefinitionNodeItem<D extends IDefinition, I extends INamedInstance>
     extends AbstractDefinitionNodeItem<D, I> {
 
   @Nullable
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IAtomicValuedNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IAtomicValuedNodeItem.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e4bd8285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IAtomicValuedNodeItem.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+package gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.node;
+
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IAtomicValuedItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IAtomicOrUnionType;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull;
+
+public interface IAtomicValuedNodeItem extends IAtomicValuedItem, INodeItem {
+  @NonNull
+  IAtomicOrUnionType<?> getValueItemType();
+
+  @Override
+  default String stringValue() {
+    return toAtomicItem().asString();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFieldNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFieldNodeItem.java
index 503494598..1a197f49f 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFieldNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFieldNodeItem.java
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.StaticContext;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.format.IPathFormatter;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.ICollectionValue;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IAtomicValuedItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IAtomicOrUnionType;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IItemType;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IKindTest;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.model.IFieldDefinition;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  */
 public interface IFieldNodeItem
     extends IModelNodeItem<IFieldDefinition, IFieldInstance>,
-    IAtomicValuedItem {
+    IAtomicValuedNodeItem {
   /**
    * Get the static type information of the node item.
    *
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ default IKindTest<IFieldNodeItem> getType() {
         staticContext);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  default IAtomicOrUnionType<?> getValueItemType() {
+    return getDefinition().getJavaTypeAdapter().getItemType();
+  }
+
   @Override
   @Nullable
   default URI getBaseUri() {
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ default URI getBaseUri() {
 
   @Override
   default @NonNull
-  String format(@NonNull IPathFormatter formatter) {
+      String format(@NonNull IPathFormatter formatter) {
     return formatter.formatField(this);
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFlagNodeItem.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFlagNodeItem.java
index fbf8fce91..1df6bd05c 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFlagNodeItem.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/item/node/IFlagNodeItem.java
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.StaticContext;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.format.IPathFormatter;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.ICollectionValue;
-import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.item.atomic.IAtomicValuedItem;
+import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IAtomicOrUnionType;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IItemType;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.metapath.type.IKindTest;
 import gov.nist.secauto.metaschema.core.model.IFlagDefinition;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
  */
 
 public interface IFlagNodeItem
-    extends IDefinitionNodeItem<IFlagDefinition, IFlagInstance>, IAtomicValuedItem {
+    extends IDefinitionNodeItem<IFlagDefinition, IFlagInstance>, IAtomicValuedNodeItem {
   /**
    * Get the static type information of the node item.
    *
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ default IKindTest<IFlagNodeItem> getType() {
         staticContext);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  default IAtomicOrUnionType<?> getValueItemType() {
+    return getDefinition().getJavaTypeAdapter().getItemType();
+  }
+
   @Override
   @Nullable
   default URI getBaseUri() {
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ default IFlagNodeItem getFlagByName(@NonNull IEnhancedQName name) {
   @SuppressWarnings("null")
   @Override
   default @NonNull
-  Stream<? extends IFlagNodeItem> flags() {
+      Stream<? extends IFlagNodeItem> flags() {
     // a flag does not have flags
     return Stream.empty();
   }
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ Stream<? extends IFlagNodeItem> flags() {
   @SuppressWarnings("null")
   @Override
   default @NonNull
-  Collection<? extends List<? extends IModelNodeItem<?, ?>>> getModelItems() {
+      Collection<? extends List<? extends IModelNodeItem<?, ?>>> getModelItems() {
     // a flag does not have model items
     return Collections.emptyList();
   }
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ Stream<? extends IFlagNodeItem> flags() {
 
   @Override
   default @NonNull
-  String format(@NonNull IPathFormatter formatter) {
+      String format(@NonNull IPathFormatter formatter) {
     return formatter.formatFlag(this);
   }
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/DataTypeItemType.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/DataTypeItemType.java
index 1664d8dfa..3f5b8390a 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/DataTypeItemType.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/DataTypeItemType.java
@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ public IEnhancedQName getQName() {
     return getAdapter().getPreferredName();
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public T newItem(Object value) {
+    return (T) getAdapter().newItem(value);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public String toString() {
     return toSignature();
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/IAtomicOrUnionType.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/IAtomicOrUnionType.java
index 1de1ed90c..dcdf22673 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/IAtomicOrUnionType.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/IAtomicOrUnionType.java
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ default boolean isSubType(@NonNull IAtomicOrUnionType<?> other) {
    * @throws InvalidValueForCastFunctionException
    *           if the provided {@code item} cannot be cast to this type
    */
+  @NonNull
   I cast(@NonNull IAnyAtomicItem item);
 
   /**
@@ -151,4 +152,14 @@ interface ICastExecutor<ITEM extends IAnyAtomicItem> {
     @NonNull
     ITEM cast(@NonNull IAnyAtomicItem item);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a new instance of this type using the provided value.
+   *
+   * @param value
+   *          the "wrapped" value of the type
+   * @return the new item
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  I newItem(@NonNull Object value);
 }
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/impl/NonAdapterAtomicItemType.java b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/impl/NonAdapterAtomicItemType.java
index 6761dfc0d..c63b04f3a 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/impl/NonAdapterAtomicItemType.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/gov/nist/secauto/metaschema/core/metapath/type/impl/NonAdapterAtomicItemType.java
@@ -79,4 +79,9 @@ public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     return Objects.equals(getItemClass(), other.getItemClass())
         && Objects.equals(getQName(), other.getQName());
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public T newItem(Object value) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not a conrete atomic type.");
+  }
 }