Updating techniques for authoring math in EPUB

[ways2read]

The Best Practices for Authoring MathML in EPUB mentions

In the next 6 to 12 months, we expect revolutionary positive change in the MathML reading experience. Therefore, it is possible that the recommendations in this report become out of date very soon.
Based on testing with reading systems and screen readers in October 2024 Technique 1: Native MathML has broad support. However, there are few read aloud experiences that leverage either the alttext or native MathML.

Furthermore, it is possible that production systems could include math expressions as SVG with hidden MathML following. The SVG would allow for price control over visual presentation, and the MathML can be leveraged for accessibility experiences. An example code snippet is included below:

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="39.1146px" height="9.80208px" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -455.4 2416 605.4" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 1ex;"> <defs> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-N-28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"/> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-I-1D465" d="M52 289Q59 331 106 386T222 442Q257 442 286 424T329 379Q371 442 430 442Q467 442 494 420T522 361Q522 332 508 314T481 292T458 288Q439 288 427 299T415 328Q415 374 465 391Q454 404 425 404Q412 404 406 402Q368 386 350 336Q290 115 290 78Q290 50 306 38T341 26Q378 26 414 59T463 140Q466 150 469 151T485 153H489Q504 153 504 145Q504 144 502 134Q486 77 440 33T333 -11Q263 -11 227 52Q186 -10 133 -10H127Q78 -10 57 16T35 71Q35 103 54 123T99 143Q142 143 142 101Q142 81 130 66T107 46T94 41L91 40Q91 39 97 36T113 29T132 26Q168 26 194 71Q203 87 217 139T245 247T261 313Q266 340 266 352Q266 380 251 392T217 404Q177 404 142 372T93 290Q91 281 88 280T72 278H58Q52 284 52 289Z"/> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-V-2032" d="M79 43Q73 43 52 49T30 61Q30 68 85 293T146 528Q161 560 198 560Q218 560 240 545T262 501Q262 496 260 486Q259 479 173 263T84 45T79 43Z"/> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-N-2C" d="M78 35T78 60T94 103T137 121Q165 121 187 96T210 8Q210 -27 201 -60T180 -117T154 -158T130 -185T117 -194Q113 -194 104 -185T95 -172Q95 -168 106 -156T131 -126T157 -76T173 -3V9L172 8Q170 7 167 6T161 3T152 1T140 0Q113 0 96 17Z"/> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-I-1D466" d="M21 287Q21 301 36 335T84 406T158 442Q199 442 224 419T250 355Q248 336 247 334Q247 331 231 288T198 191T182 105Q182 62 196 45T238 27Q261 27 281 38T312 61T339 94Q339 95 344 114T358 173T377 247Q415 397 419 404Q432 431 462 431Q475 431 483 424T494 412T496 403Q496 390 447 193T391 -23Q363 -106 294 -155T156 -205Q111 -205 77 -183T43 -117Q43 -95 50 -80T69 -58T89 -48T106 -45Q150 -45 150 -87Q150 -107 138 -122T115 -142T102 -147L99 -148Q101 -153 118 -160T152 -167H160Q177 -167 186 -165Q219 -156 247 -127T290 -65T313 -9T321 21L315 17Q309 13 296 6T270 -6Q250 -11 231 -11Q185 -11 150 11T104 82Q103 89 103 113Q103 170 138 262T173 379Q173 380 173 381Q173 390 173 393T169 400T158 404H154Q131 404 112 385T82 344T65 302T57 280Q55 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-I-1D467" d="M347 338Q337 338 294 349T231 360Q211 360 197 356T174 346T162 335T155 324L153 320Q150 317 138 317Q117 317 117 325Q117 330 120 339Q133 378 163 406T229 440Q241 442 246 442Q271 442 291 425T329 392T367 375Q389 375 411 408T434 441Q435 442 449 442H462Q468 436 468 434Q468 430 463 420T449 399T432 377T418 358L411 349Q368 298 275 214T160 106L148 94L163 93Q185 93 227 82T290 71Q328 71 360 90T402 140Q406 149 409 151T424 153Q443 153 443 143Q443 138 442 134Q425 72 376 31T278 -11Q252 -11 232 6T193 40T155 57Q111 57 76 -3Q70 -11 59 -11H54H41Q35 -5 35 -2Q35 13 93 84Q132 129 225 214T340 322Q352 338 347 338Z"/> <path id="MJX-2-TEX-N-29" d="M60 749L64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12T224 -76T186 -143T145 -194T113 -227T90 -246Q87 -249 86 -250H74Q66 -250 63 -250T58 -247T55 -238Q56 -237 66 -225Q221 -64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738Q55 746 60 749Z"/> </defs> <g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"> <g data-mml-node="math" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" id="b0f36aff-0575-4674-8878-9ea7cf714720"> <g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="scale(0.6)"> <g data-mml-node="semantics" id="56910c3b-988a-45af-9d46-05ea54e39e47"> <g data-mml-node="mrow"> <g data-mml-node="mrow"> <g data-mml-node="mo" id="77c3af09-92a1-4f89-872c-7b269e8ac6cd"> <use data-c="28" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-N-28"/> </g> <g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(389,0)"> <g data-mml-node="msup" id="561171ad-42ad-4400-b9a6-dbb08f2d6be1"> <g data-mml-node="mrow"> <g data-mml-node="mi" id="d9efb513-cedd-4262-a920-7c7f74f447db"> <use data-c="1D465" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-I-1D465"/> </g> </g> <g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(605,363) scale(0.707)"> <g data-mml-node="mo" id="3e396de6-0834-4d67-bc28-29a7ccbb94b1"> <use data-c="2032" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-V-2032"/> </g> </g> </g> <g data-mml-node="mo" id="5550a318-752c-4a21-82b6-64deae91e134" transform="translate(849.5,121)"> <text data-id-align="true"/> <g data-idbox="true" transform="translate(0,-121)"> <use data-c="2C" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-N-2C"/> </g> </g> <g data-mml-node="msup" id="a97d782f-2558-444f-964a-2a9325239511" transform="translate(1294.1,759)"> <text data-id-align="true"/> <g data-idbox="true" transform="translate(0,-759)"> <g data-mml-node="mrow"> <g data-mml-node="mi" id="58a70dc9-b48b-41d5-8ed2-2c690aa923d5"> <use data-c="1D466" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-I-1D466"/> </g> </g> <g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(523,363) scale(0.707)"> <g data-mml-node="mo" id="3e11326b-fd85-4a0a-b33d-c287745cbe55"> <use data-c="2032" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-V-2032"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> <g data-mml-node="mo" id="794c9671-326d-4ae8-9d0c-816c4f57f0fe" transform="translate(2061.6,121)"> <text data-id-align="true"/> <g data-idbox="true" transform="translate(0,-121)"> <use data-c="2C" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-N-2C"/> </g> </g> <g data-mml-node="msup" id="ad8095ca-179c-45de-802d-607095b6ef9d" transform="translate(2506.2,759)"> <text data-id-align="true"/> <g data-idbox="true" transform="translate(0,-759)"> <g data-mml-node="mrow"> <g data-mml-node="mi" id="db00b719-b0cf-4506-9d87-3f7db6ab1fb6"> <use data-c="1D467" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#MJX-2-TEX-I-1D467"/> </g> </g> <g 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mathcolor="#000000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </semantics> </mrow> </math> </mjx-assistive-mml>