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Dafny-VMC: a Library for Verified Monte Carlo Algorithms

The DafnyVMC module introduces utils for probabilistic reasoning in Dafny. At the moment, the API is intentionally limited in scope, and only supports compilation to Java and Python. For the future, we plan to extend both the functionality and the range of supported languages.

The main developers of Dafny-VMC are Stefan Zetzsche and Jean-Baptiste Tristan.

Many other people have contributed to it (in no particular order): Aws Albharghouti, Anjali Joshi, Tancrede Lepoint, Mikael Mayer, Muhammad Naveed, Tristan Ravitch, Fabian Zaiser.

To cite Dafny-VMC you can currently use the following reference:

@software{Zetzsche_Dafny-VMC_a_Library_2023,
author = {Zetzsche, Stefan and Tristan, Jean-Baptiste},
title = {{Dafny-VMC: a Library for Verified Monte Carlo Algorithms}},
url = {https://github.com/dafny-lang/Dafny-VMC},
year = {2023}
}

Java

Java API

import DafnyVMC.Random;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Arrays;

class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    DafnyVMC.Random r = new DafnyVMC.Random();

    System.out.println("Example of Fisher-Yates shuffling");
    char[] arr = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
    r.Shuffle(arr);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
  
    System.out.println("Example of Bernoulli sampling");
    BigInteger num = BigInteger.valueOf(3);
    BigInteger den = BigInteger.valueOf(5);
    System.out.println(r.BernoulliSample(num,den));
  }
}

Java Examples

To run the examples in the docs/java directory, use the following commands:

$ export TARGET_LANG=java
$ bash scripts/build.sh
$ bash build/java/run_samplers.sh
$ bash build/java/run_shuffling.sh

To run the tests in the docs/dafny directory, use the following commands:

$ dafny build docs/dafny/ExamplesRandom.dfy --target:java src/interop/java/Full/Random.java src/interop/java/Part/Random.java dfyconfig.toml --no-verify
$ java -jar docs/dafny/ExamplesRandom.jar

To run the statistical tests in the tests directory, use the following commands:

$ dafny test --target:java src/interop/java/Full/Random.java src/interop/java/Part/Random.java tests/TestsRandom.dfy tests/Tests.dfy dfyconfig.toml --no-verify

Python

Python API

import DafnyVMC

def main():
  r = DafnyVMC.Random()

  print("Example of Fisher-Yates shuffling")
  arr = ['a', 'b', 'c']
  arr = r.Shuffle(arr)
  print(arr)
  
  print("Example of Bernoulli sampling")
  print(r.BernoulliSample(3, 5))

Python Examples

To run the examples in the docs/java directory, use the following commands:

$ export TARGET_LANG=py
$ bash scripts/build.sh
$ bash build/py/run_samplers.sh
$ bash build/py/run_shuffling.sh

To run the tests in the docs/dafny directory, use the following commands:

$ dafny build docs/dafny/ExamplesRandom.dfy --target:py src/interop/py/Full/Random.py src/interop/py/Part/Random.py dfyconfig.toml --no-verify
$ python3 docs/dafny/ExamplesRandom-py/__main__.py

To run the statistical tests in the tests directory, use the following commands:

$ dafny test --target:py src/interop/py/Full/Random.py src/interop/py/Part/Random.py tests/TestsRandom.dfy tests/Tests.dfy dfyconfig.toml --no-verify