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GridAttackAnalyzer: Smart Grid Attack Analysis Framework

GridAttackAnalyzer is a smart grid attack analysis framework that makes it possible to determine attack paths and calculate various security metrics for a given smart grid model and cyber-attack scenario. The framework is extensible by end users, and the current release includes three smart grid models, more than 20 types of smart grid devices, and 40 types of vulnerabilities. GridAttackAnalyzer is being developed by the Cyber Range Organization and Design (CROND) NEC-endowed chair at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) in Ishikawa, Japan.

The functionality that GridAttackAnalyzer provides to assist with the smart grid attack analysis includes attack tree and attack graph generation, as well as the computation of attack success probability, attack impact, attack cost, and attack risk. These characteristics can be visualized as shown below.

GridAttackAnalyzer Overview

Since GridAttackAnalyzer helps determine all the possible attack paths in a smart grid, evaluate the consequences of various cyber-attacks, and estimate the potential damage, several uses of the framework are possible. Thus, researchers can study how IoT device vulnerabilities can affect smart grid security, which are the most vulnerable devices that need to be protected first in order to prevent worst consequences, and also evaluate objectively the efficiency of various mitigation strategies.

The architecture of GridAttackAnalyzer, pictured in the figure below, has the following components:

  • Smart Grid Model: Definitions of network and power grid models
  • Database: Information about device types and network vulnerabilities
  • Attack Scenarios: Definition of the attack scenario (entry points, targets, vulnerabilities)
  • Database Manager: Interface that interacts with the end users to provide the necessary information from the database to the attack analysis manager
  • Attack Analysis Manager: Core module that manages the entire attack analysis process
  • Attack Model Generator: Creates a model for the attack given the input parameters provided by the Analysis Manager
  • Attack Model Evaluator: Determines the Attack Graph and calculates the Security Metrics corresponding to a given attack scenario

GridAttackAnalyzer Architecture

End users can extend the features provided by GridAttackAnalyzer by adding new smart grid topologies, new devices, and new network vulnerabilities. Please consult the Developer Guide for more information on how to perform such extensions.

Installation

GridAttackAnalyzer was developed and tested using Python 3 on the Ubuntu 18.04 LTS operating system; either a physical host or a virtual machine installation can be used. Other OSes may work too if they support running Python 3.

To install GridAttackAnalyzer, use the releases page to download the latest version, and extract the source code archive into a directory of your choice. Then follow the steps below to set up all the additional components:

  1. Install Tkinter, a Python binding to the Tk GUI toolkit, which was used to develop the GridAttackAnalyzer GUI: 
    sudo apt-get install python3-tk
  2. Install the pip3 packet manager: 
    sudo apt install python3-pip
  3. Install other packages required by GridAttackAnalyzer as specified in the file requirements.txt included with the distribution by running the following command from the GridAttackAnalyzer/ directory: 
    sudo -H pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Quick Start

  1. Use a terminal window to navigate to the GridAttackAnalyzer directory, then start the GUI by running the command below:

    python3 GridAttackAnalyzer.py

    GridAttackAnalyzer GUI

  2. Once the GUI is displayed, as shown above, follow the next steps to configure and run the analysis:

    1. Select the input parameters: Smart Grid Model, Smart Meter Connection, CVEs, Devices and Vulnerabilities. The built-in network model is shown below; please consider it when selecting the devices to make sure that end-to-end routes exist.

      Network Model

    2. Click on the "Generate File" button to generate the initial attack analysis file; this file can be fine tuned if desired by:

      • Option 1: Click on "1 - Manual Edit" to open the file, then edit it directly.
      • Option 2: Use "Edit a Device & CVE" to select a specific device and assign a new CVE value to it, then click on "Update" to bring the attack analysis file up to date.

    3. Click on the "Run" button to start the attack analysis.

    4. When the attack analysis process finishes, you can use any of the following functions by clicking on the corresponding buttons:

      • Attack Graph: Show the computed attack graph
      • Graph Source File": Show the CSV file containing the attack graph data
      • Security Metrics: Show the CSV file containing the computed security metrics
      • Plot Metrics: Visualize the computed security metrics

References

For a research background regarding GridAttackAnalyzer, please refer to the following papers:

  • T. D. Le, M. Ge, P. T. Duy, H. D. Hoang, A. Anwar, S. W. Loke, R. Beuran, Y. Tan, "CVSS Based Attack Analysis using a Graphical Security Model: Review and Smart Grid Case Study", 4th EAI International Conference on Smart Grid and Internet of Things (SGIoT 2020), TaiChung, Taiwan, December 5-6, 2020, pp. 116-134.

For a list of contributors to this project, check the file CONTRIBUTORS included with the source code.