Update Python to version 3.12

[stefanpernpaintner]

No description provided.

[cs-dieter-kling]

• Latest Release version: 3.12.0
• Released: 2 months ago (02 Oct 2023)
• Active Support: Ends in 1 year and 4 months (02 Apr 2025)
• Security Support: Ends in 4 years and 10 months (02 Oct 2028)
  (source: https://endoflife.date/python)

Checklist:

• does Anaconda support Python 3.12?
• do all packages support Python 3.12?
• bump version of the packages
• adjust docs (README.md)
• adjust syntax, e.g. type hints (Union[int, None] -> int | None)
• adjust GH pipeline

[mjmader]

FYI I just recently had a discussion with some friends who use python often in their work, and learned that they are currently not happy with python 3.12. since several packages they are using are not working with it.
Does not mean we should not upgrade (if everything works fine within eCharm), but maybe it is a bit too early