diff --git a/.buildinfo b/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..202ed1d --- /dev/null +++ b/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: a0899fdd0ef3e4766043f5775c2d0ea4 +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/.nojekyll b/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/_images/01-local.svg b/_images/01-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77fb349 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/01-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + origin/main + + + + + main + + + + + HEAD + + + diff --git a/_images/01-remote.svg b/_images/01-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1908ed --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/01-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/_images/04-local.svg b/_images/04-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..477663c --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/04-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + HEAD + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git 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-0,0 +1,364 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/_images/clone.png b/_images/clone.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76bcbab Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/clone.png differ diff --git a/_images/fetch-and-merge.png b/_images/fetch-and-merge.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a20b4c Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/fetch-and-merge.png differ diff --git a/_images/fork.png b/_images/fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c936e1a Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/fork.png differ diff --git a/_images/forkandclone.png b/_images/forkandclone.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d050183 Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/forkandclone.png differ diff --git a/_images/forking-1.svg b/_images/forking-1.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6a1f82 --- /dev/null +++ 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+ + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-local-02.svg b/_images/github-local-02.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b3a1be --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-local-02.svg @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-local-03.svg b/_images/github-local-03.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f14692 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-local-03.svg @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-local-04.svg b/_images/github-local-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..554b6f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-local-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-local-05.svg b/_images/github-local-05.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a1823 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-local-05.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-local-06.svg b/_images/github-local-06.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20b0de5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-local-06.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + + + upstream/main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-remote-01.svg b/_images/github-remote-01.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..285b3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-remote-01.svg @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-remote-02.svg b/_images/github-remote-02.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8fed2aa --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-remote-02.svg @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-remote-03.svg b/_images/github-remote-03.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df33ce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-remote-03.svg @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/_images/github-remote-04.svg b/_images/github-remote-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aadb3b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_images/github-remote-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/_images/how-to-fork.png b/_images/how-to-fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..274621b Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/how-to-fork.png differ diff --git a/_images/import.png b/_images/import.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..809ab35 Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/import.png differ diff --git a/_images/remote.jpg b/_images/remote.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c88302 Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/remote.jpg differ diff --git a/_images/unwatch.png b/_images/unwatch.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae6f61c Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/unwatch.png differ diff --git a/_sources/bare-repos.md.txt b/_sources/bare-repos.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec9ee9b --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/bare-repos.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# Non-bare and bare repositories + +```{objectives} +- Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories. +- Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +## Non-bare repository + +- A **non-bare repository** contains `.git/` as well as a snapshot of your + tracked files that you can directly edit called **the working tree** (the + actual files you can edit). +- **This is where we edit and commit changes**. +- When we create a repository with `git init`, it is a non-bare, "normal", repository. + + +## Bare repository + +- A **bare repository** contains only the `.git/` part, no files you can directly edit. +- By convention the names of bare repositories end with `.git` to emphasize this. +- We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository. +- GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository. +- You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository. + +If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer: + +````{exercise} Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository +- Create a new local repository with `git init`. + ```console + $ cd /path/to/example + $ git init + ``` +- Populate it with a file and a commit or two. +- Create one or two branches. +- Clone this repository on the same computer with either `--bare` or `--mirror`: + ```console + $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare + ``` +- Inspect the bare repository. +- Clone the bare repository: + ```console + $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone + $ cd /path/to/example-clone + ``` +- Inside the clone inspect `git remote -v`. +- Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to `origin`. +- The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes. +```` + +```{keypoints} +- We do programming work inside non-bare repositories. +- We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from. +``` diff --git a/_sources/code-review.md.txt b/_sources/code-review.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03c61e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/code-review.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Practicing code review + +We will add more details and screenshots before the course. + + +## Exercise + +:::{exercise} Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min) + +**What is familiar** from the previous workshop days: +- Creating a branch. +- Committing a change on the new branch. +- Opening and merging pull requests. + +**What will be new** in this exercise: +- As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request. +- As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request. +- As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing + the incomplete one and opening a new one. + +**Exercise tasks**: +1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also + deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review. +1. Open a pull request towards the main branch. +1. As a reviewer to somebody else's pull request, ask for an improvement and + also directly suggest a change for the small typo. +1. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change. +1. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open + a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch. +1. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request. +::: + + +## Solution and walk-through + +We will add this before the lesson. diff --git a/_sources/concepts.md.txt b/_sources/concepts.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fc63ec --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/concepts.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +# Concepts around collaboration + +```{objectives} +- Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching +``` + + +## Motivation + +- Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute? +- We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back. +- Then, we make a "pull request" that allows a review. +- Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes + to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external + contributors. + + +## Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones + +- **repository**: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags). +- **commit**: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. `c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e`). +- **branch**: Independent development line. The main development line is often called `main`. +- **tag**: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a [commemorative plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative_plaque) + that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. `phd-printed` or `paper-submitted`). +- **cloning**: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one. +- **forking**: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your + copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy. + + +## Cloning a repository + +In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the `git clone` command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations: +* Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer. +* The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository. +* Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code. + +```{figure} img/overview/clone.png +:alt: Cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Cloning +``` + + +## Forking a repository + +When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access. +* In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (`main` or `master`), and to other branches. +* The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests. + +```{figure} img/overview/fork.png +:alt: Forking +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking +``` + + +## Generating from templates and importing + +There are two more ways to create "copies" of repositories into your user space: +- A repository can be marked as **template** and new repositories can be + **generated** from it, like using a cookie-cutter. + The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not + inherit the history of the template. + +```{figure} img/overview/generate.png +:alt: Generating from a template +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Generating from a template. +``` + +- You can **import** a repository from another hosting service or web address. + This will preserve the history of the imported project. + +```{figure} img/overview/import.png +:alt: Importing a repository +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Importing a repository. +``` +--- + +```{discussion} +- Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out + how many forks exist and where they are. +- In which situations could it be useful to start from a "template" repository by generating? +``` + + +## Synchronizing changes between repositories + +- We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories. +- We will **pull** or **fetch** updates **from** remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch). +- We will **push** updates **to** remote repositories. +- We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (**pull request**). +- Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: + We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the "central" repository). +- A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab. + +```{figure} img/overview/forkandclone.png +:alt: Forking and cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking and cloning +``` diff --git a/_sources/contributing.md.txt b/_sources/contributing.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad04e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/contributing.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# How to contribute changes to somebody else's project + +```{objectives} +- Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching/discussion +``` + + +## Contributing very minor changes + +- Clone or fork+clone repository +- Create a branch +- Commit and push change +- Open a pull request or merge request + + +## If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- Describe the problem +- If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion +- Possibly **discuss and get feedback** +- If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it +- Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Inform others about an observed problem** +- Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on +``` + + +## If you have an idea for a new feature + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature +- Motivate why and how you wish to do this +- Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback +- **Discuss and get feedback before you code** +- Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it +- Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code** which might be rejected +- If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as + reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change +``` + + +## WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests + +- Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with "WIP" or "Draft" are not to be merged yet +- They are there to **collect feedback on unfinished work** +- On GitHub you can create [draft pull requests](https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-requests/) + which cannot be merged until marked ready for review. +- Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with "WIP" or "Draft") + +```{admonition} Motivation +- Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change +- Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work +``` + + +## Licenses matter + +- If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license +- If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, **clarify its license and + copyright** with the submitter, before merging + + +## How to make sure that you don't merge malicious code + +(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some) + +- Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past + without all future hashes changing +- Projects like or + have to be extremely careful what they accept +- Browse the code changes before merging them +- If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information +- Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know +- Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity + + +```{keypoints} +- Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes. +- **Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes**. +``` diff --git a/_sources/exercises.md.txt b/_sources/exercises.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3b4074 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/exercises.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# List of exercises + + +## Full list + +This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests. + +```{exerciselist} +``` diff --git a/_sources/forking-workflow-old.md.txt b/_sources/forking-workflow-old.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e60d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/forking-workflow-old.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,525 @@ +# How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others + +```{objectives} +- Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab. +- Get comfortable with the forking workflow. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Forking layout + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-overview.svg +:alt: Forking workflow +:width: 50% + +Forking workflow. **Red** is the central repository, where only +owners have access. **Green** are *forks* on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). **Blue** are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer. +``` + +In the **forking layout**, again we call one repository the "central" +repository but people push to **forks** (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket). + +Features: + +- **Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission** + (to public projects). +- Maintainer still has **full control over what is merged**. +- Contributors now have **more than one remote** to work with. + +This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples: + +- [NumPy](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html) +- [JupyterLab](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab) + +```{discussion} Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone? +- It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else. +- The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop. +- The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling. +- Backup. +``` + + +## Working with multiple remotes + +In the forking layout described above we work with **multiple remotes**, +in this case **two remotes**: One remote refers to the "central" repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork. + +- There is nothing special about the name `origin`. The `origin` is an alias/placeholder (think of "sticky note" referring to an URL). +- We can name these aliases as we like. +- We can add and remove remotes: + ```console + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote rm upstream + + $ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git + $ git remote rm group-repo + + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git + ``` + +- To see all remotes: + ```console + $ git remote --verbose + ``` + +```{warning} +**We will work with a new repository for this exercise!** + +For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the **forking**-workflow-exercise. +``` + + +## Exercise + +We are working on combining the steps into one exercise. + + +## Exercise preparation + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + + **Maintainer (team lead)**: + - Create an exercise repository by + [generating from a template](https://help.github.com/en/articles/creating-a-repository-from-a-template) + using this template: + called `forking-workflow-exercise` + - In this case we **do not add collaborators** to the repository (this is the point of this example). + - Share the link to the newly created repository with your group. + + **Learners in exercise team**: Fork the newly created repository (not the + "coderefinery" one) and then **clone your fork**. + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. + + We create(d) these the day before hopefully. **Choose only one to + work with**: + - Not recorded: + (this + will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is be public on + the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: + + (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments + may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + + Here we don't need your GitHub usernames because the point of this exercise + is to show that we can collaborate without granting write permissions. + + Learners following on their own: Fork one of these two repositories + and then **clone your fork** to your computer. + ```` +````` +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request +As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by [tacofancy](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy). + +**Objectives**: +- Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository. +- Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the + forked repository. + +**Exercise**: +- Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes). +- **Learners work on steps A-F** (15-20 minutes). +- There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more. +- After step E you take a break or help others. + Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document. +- **We will review the pull requests together** + and then update forks. +``` + +Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in `git graph`: + +- `git graph` - almost every time. As a reminder, to define `git graph` use: + ```console + $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline" + ``` +- `git status` - when you modify files. + + +### Step A: Fork and clone + +First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork). + +```{figure} img/forking/how-to-fork.png +:class: with-border + +How to fork. +``` + +Then **clone your fork** to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. **Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL** from the web browser. The URL should start with +`git@github.com:`. Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-1.svg + +Forking followed by cloning. +``` + +This is how it looks after we fork: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +- A fork is basically a (bare) clone. +- The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories. +- When forking we copy all commits, all branches. + +After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-01.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step B: Open an "issue" as a change proposal + +Before we start any coding, open a new "Issue" on the central repository as a +"proposal" where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number. + +Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding. + + +### Step C: Modify and commit + +Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example: + +```console +$ git branch myname-feature # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose +$ git switch myname-feature +``` + +**On the new branch create a new file** which will hold your recipe, +for instance `traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md` (but change the name). You can get inspired +[here](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy/tree/master/full_tacos). Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!). + +There is also a file called `test.py` which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +"taco" (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing. + +Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message **reference the issue** which you have opened earlier with "this is my +commit message; closes #N" (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B). + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +And here is a picture of what just happened: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-02.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step D: Push your changes to the fork + +Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than "myname-feature". Also verify where "origin" points to. + +```console +$ git push origin myname-feature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step E: Open a pull request + +Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation for steps D and E +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/forking-2.svg + +Push followed by a pull request. +``` + +A pull-request means: "please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click". + +Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + +### Step F: View your pull request + +Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory. + +**Wait here** until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together. + +Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain [the right keywords](https://help.github.com/en/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords)). + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request +If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request. +``` + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened. +You can do that by pushing **additional commits to the same branch** where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +**We do this step together**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request +If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits. + +Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with "Squash and +merge" and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks + +We do this part **after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated**. + +Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants. + +Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork. + +On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below): + +```{figure} img/forking/fetch-and-merge.png +:alt: Updating the fork via GitHub web interface + +Updating the fork via GitHub web interface. +``` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like `origin` or `upstream`. + +Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork: +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main +$ git push FORK-URL main +``` + +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: +```{figure} img/forking/forking-3.svg + +Pull followed by push to a different remote. +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line (longer version) +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step. + +```console +$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL +$ git fetch central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-04.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git merge central/main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-05.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git push origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-04.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-06.svg + +local +``` +```` + +--- + +```{figure} img/forking/remote.jpg +``` +- Luke Skywalker: *You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.* +- Ben Kenobi: *That's good. You've taken your first step into a larger world.* + +[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope] + + +```{discussion} Discussion: Always create a feature branch +**For each pull request create a new branch**. Motivation: +- Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull + request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit + to branch). +- History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository + does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork. +``` diff --git a/_sources/forking-workflow.md.txt b/_sources/forking-workflow.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32ea4a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/forking-workflow.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others + + +We will add more details and screenshots before the course. + + +## Exercise + +:::{exercise} Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min) + +**What is familiar** from the previous workshop days: +- Forking a repository. +- Creating a branch. +- Committing a change on the new branch. +- Opening and merging pull requests. + +**What will be new** in this exercise: +- Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository. +- Learning that your fork can get out of date. +- After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes. +- Learn how to approach other people's repositories with ideas, changes, and requests. + +**Exercise tasks**: +1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the + change you want to make. Take note of the issue number. +1. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository. +1. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. + See the walk-through below for how to do this. +1. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository. +1. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes. +1. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people's pull requests. +::: + + +## Solution and walk-through + +We will add this before the lesson. diff --git a/_sources/guide.md.txt b/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a36965f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +# Instructor guide + + +## Schedule Day 3 + +- 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question +- 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight +- 09:15 - 09:30: [Concepts around collaboration](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/remotes/) + - Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch. + - Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing. +- 09:30 - 11:00: [Centralized workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/) + - 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts + - 9:45 - 9:55: Break + - 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome + - 10:00 - 10:30: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/#exercise-preparation) + - 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions +- 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break +- 12:00 - 13:10: [Distributed version control and forking workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/) + - 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes + - 12:15 - 12:45: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/#exercise-preparation) + - 12:45 - 12:55 Break + - 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions +- 13:10 - 13:30: [How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/contributing/) and Q&A + + +## Why we teach this lesson + +In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it's essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The [git-intro lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/) +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub. + +This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +By the end of this lesson, learners should: +- Understand the concept of remotes +- Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches +- Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows +- Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects +- Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues +- Know how to update a fork +- **Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer** + + +## Interesting questions you might get + +- If participants run `git graph` they might notice `origin/HEAD`. This has been + omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the + default branch of the remote repository. + + +## Timing + +- The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, + so at least an hour is required for it. +- The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only + introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the + time of the first episode. +- The "How to contribute changes to somebody else's project" episode can be + covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. + However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome. + + +## Preparing exercises + +Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about "maintainer" who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository. + +**Live stream**: +- Create the centralized exercises **in an organization** (not under your username) so + that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you + can then fork yourself if needed. +- For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under + . The instructors or team leads need to have owner status in the organization in order to invite people. +- We have created two versions of each **a day in advance** to signal which one might end up + being discussed on recording/stream: + - `centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `centralized-workflow-exercise` + - `forking-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `forking-workflow-exercise` +- Protect the default branch of the two `centralized-*` repositories. +- We create a organization team, `stream-exercise-participants`. The + *centralized* workflow exercise repos have this team added as a + collaborator (*not* forking - they fork so they don't need write + access there). +- We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via + issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, `access-requests`, + create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a + new issue in that repository. The day/morning before the day of the lesson the instructor or team leader now has to invite the learners to the team. Three steps: + 1. copy the learners GitHub username from the issue + 2. go to [team member page, example linked here](https://github.com/orgs/cr-workshop-exercises/teams/stream-exercise-participants/members) and invite that username to the team (this means first clicking invite and then scrolling down to click the "add username to ..." button. This sends an email to that users email that is connected to their GitHub account. + 3. In the issue, copy following text (or similar) to the issue and "close with comment": + ``` + We have added you to the CodeRefinery exercise repository. + + What you should do before the exercise starts: + + You will get an invitation from GitHub to your email address (that GitHub knows about). Please accept that invitation so that you can participate in the collaborative exercise. + To make sure you don't get too many emails during the exercise, don't forget to "unwatch" both https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise and https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded. + To "unwatch", go to the repository and click the "Unwatch" button (top middle of the screen) and then select "Participating and @mentions". +`` + + - Why a fifth repository? So that learners don't get emails from all + other access requests once they get added to the team + - [Example email requesting learners to join](https://coderefinery.github.io/2024-03-12-workshop/communication/#2024-03-12-exercise-preparation-for-learners-without-own-group) + - [Example issue comment](https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/41) + + +## Typical pitfalls + +### Difference between pull and pull requests + +The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc. + + +### Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch + +The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained. + + +## Other practical aspects + +- In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so + that they can see the screens. From the beginning. +- Emphasize use of `git graph` a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson. diff --git a/_sources/hooks.md.txt b/_sources/hooks.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7944cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/hooks.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# Hooks + +```{objectives} +- Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to **trigger scripts** +which take care of some tasks. **Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events**. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks. + + +## Client-side hooks + +You can find and edit them here: + +```console +$ ls -l .git/hooks/ +``` + +- `pre-commit`: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass) +- `prepare-commit-msg`: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages) +- `commit-msg`: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern) +- `post-commit`: after commit process (example: notification) +- `pre-rebase`: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits) +- `post-rewrite`: run by commands that rewrite commits +- `post-checkout`: after successful `git checkout` (example: generating documentation) +- `post-merge`: after successful merge +- `pre-push`: runs during `git push` before any objects have been transferred +- `pre-auto-gc`: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place + +See also , +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. + +Example for a `pre-commit` hook which checks whether a Python code is [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)-compliant +using [pycodestyle](http://pycodestyle.pycqa.org): + +```bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +# ignore errors due to too long lines +pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/ +``` + + +## Server-side hooks + +You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab. + +- `pre-receive`: before accepting any references +- `update`: like `pre-receive` but runs once per pushed branch +- `post-receive`: after entire process is completed + +- Typical use: + - Maintenance work + - Automated tests + - Refreshing of documentation/website + - Sanity checks + - Code style checks + - Email notification + - Rebuilding software packages + + +## Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services + +GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. `git push` or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible. + +These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly. + +You can read more about these services here: +- [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) +- [GitLab CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/) + +In our projects we use these services to: +- Build websites +- Build documentation +- Run tests +- Create containers +- Package and upload packages +- Spellchecking diff --git a/_sources/index.md.txt b/_sources/index.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f8f4b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/index.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# Collaborative distributed version control + +We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing? + +- Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: + This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult + keep all copies synchronized. +- One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of + more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition. +- Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. + Good for small groups. +- Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without + advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with. + +Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +*transformative* (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +**This can’t be done without proper tools.** + +**In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services.** We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks. + +```{prereq} +1. Basic understanding of Git. +2. You need a [GitHub](https://github.com) account. + +We will do this exercise on [GitHub](https://github.com) but also +[GitLab](https://gitlab.com) and +[Bitbucket](https://bitbucket.org) allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +[GitHub](https://github.com). We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +[GitHub](https://github.com) because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +[GitHub](https://github.com)-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform. +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Core lesson + +concepts.md +same-repository.md +code-review.md +forking-workflow.md +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Older episodes + +same-repository-old.md +forking-workflow-old.md +contributing.md +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Optional episodes + +hooks.md +bare-repos.md +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Reference + +reference +exercises +guide +PDF version +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: About + +All lessons +CodeRefinery +Reusing +``` diff --git a/_sources/reference.md.txt b/_sources/reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..746d73a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# Quick reference + +## Other cheatsheets + +See the [git-intro cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/) for +the basics. + +* [Interactive git cheatsheet](http://www.ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html) +* [Very detailed 2-page git + cheatsheet](https://aaltoscicomp.github.io/cheatsheets/git-the-way-you-need-it-cheatsheet.pdf) + + +## Glossary + +* **remote**: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A + repository can be linked to several other remotes. +* **push**: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository +* **fetch**: Update your view of another repository +* **pull**: Fetch (above) and then merge +* **origin**: Default name for a remote repository. +* **origin/NAME**: A branch name which represents a remote branch. +* **main**: Default name for main branch. +* **merge**: Combine the changes on two branches. +* **conflict**: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, + git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the + conflict to the user to resolve. +* **issue**: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion + related to a repository. +* **pull request**: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a + code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In + Gitlab, called "**merge request**". +* **git hook**: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for + example to do tests before allowing you to commit. +* **bare repository**: A copy of a repository that only is only the `.git` + directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names + usually like `something.git` + + +## Commands we use + +This excludes most introduced in the [git-intro +cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/). + +Setup: + +* `git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]`: Make a copy of existing + repository at <url>, containing all history. + +Status: + +* `git status`: Same as in basic git, list status +* `git remote [-v]`: List all remotes +* `git graph`: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command + with `git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"` + +General work: + +* `git switch BRANCH-NAME`: Make a branch active. +* `git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]`: Send commits and + update the branch on the remote. +* `git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]`: Fetch and then merge + automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch + and merge separately. +* `git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]`: Get commits from the remote. Doesn't + update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches + (like origin/NAME). +* `git merge [BRANCH-NAME]`: Updates your current branch with + changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is + tracking by default. +* `git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL`: Adds a new remote with a + certain name. diff --git a/_sources/same-repository-old.md.txt b/_sources/same-repository-old.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5323dc --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/same-repository-old.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,537 @@ +# Collaborating within the same repository + +```{objectives} +- Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow. +- Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Meaning of "central" in a distributed version control + +In this episode, we will explore the usage of a **centralized workflow** for collaborating online on a project +**within one repository on GitHub**. This means that everyone has +access to that **central repository** - convenient (but doesn't scale to a huge +project). + +In {doc}`the next section `, we will see that Git is +**distributed** version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just "everything connects to one central server". + + + +## Centralized layout + +```{figure} img/forking/centralized.svg +:alt: Centralized layout +:width: 50% + +Centralized layout. **Red** is the repository on GitHub. **Blue** is +where all contributors work on their own computers. +``` + +Features: + +- Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows). +- Suited for cases where **all developers are in the same group or organization or project**. +- **Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access**. +- Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically `main` or `master`). + +Real life examples: + +- Within the CodeRefinery team we mostly use this approach: [https://github.com/coderefinery](https://github.com/coderefinery) +- [https://github.com/ropensci/plotly](https://github.com/ropensci/plotly) + + +## Exercise + +We are working on combining the steps into one exercise. + + +## Exercise preparation + +In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (**maintainer**) will create the exercise repository, and +**collaborators** will contribute to it. We'll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls. + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + - Form not too large groups (4-5 persons). + - Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared + GitHub repository: the *maintainer*. + This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else + is a *collaborator*. + - The **maintainer** (one person per group) generates a new repository + from the template + called `centralized-workflow-exercise` (There is no need to tick *"Include all branches"* for this exercise): + ```{figure} img/centralized/generate_repo.png + :alt: Screenshot of generating the exercise repository + :width: 100% + ``` + - Then **everyone in your group** needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository: + - Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer. + - Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL. + - Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator). + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. This exercise is only possible during our + livestream courses. + The preparation typically happens already the day before. + + ```{admonition} If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson) + --- + class: dropdown + --- + If you have not yet requested access, could you please [open an + issue in this + repository](https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new/choose). + Wait a + minute for staff to add you, then wait for the invite email to arrive and + accept the invitation from the email and "unwatch" repositories (below). + ``` + + **Choose only one to work with** (you must have requested access already, see above) + + - Not recorded: + + (this will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is public + on the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + ```` +````` + +- **Don't forget to accept the invitation** + - Check + - Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with + GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don't receive it + you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The + maintainer can also "copy invite link" and share it within the group. + +(unwatch)= + +- **Watching and unwatching repositories** + - Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull + requests via email. + - If you do not wish this, you can "unwatch" a repository (top of + the project page). + - However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested + in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the + activity that come through a popular project. + ```{figure} img/centralized/unwatch.png + :alt: Unwatching a repository + + Unwatch a repository by clicking "Unwatch" in the repository view, + then "Participating and @mentions" - this way, you will get + notifications about your own interactions. + ``` + +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request +- Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above). +- Then work on steps A-H. +- There are also optional exercises. +- Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands: + - `git graph` - almost every time + - `git status` - when you modify files +``` + +```{callout} Hint for breakout rooms +If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository's maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers! +``` + + +### Step A. Clone your maintainer's group repository + +```console +$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Where `REPOSITORY-URL` is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer. + +**Clone using the SSH path** you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +`git@github.com:`), not the one that starts with `https://github.com`. +Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Representation of what happens when you clone +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/01-local.svg + +local +``` + +Here and in what follows, "c1" is a commit, "b1" etc. are commits on side branches +and "m1" is a merge commit. + +- We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include *all branches* when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (*initial commit*). +- `git clone` creates pointers `origin/main` so you can see the branches of the origin. +- `origin` refers to where we cloned from. +- `origin` is a shortcut for the full URL. +- `origin/main` is a read-only pointer. +- The branches starting with `origin/` only move during `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push`. +- Only `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push` require network. +- All other operations are local operations. +```` + + +### Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory + +```console +$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using `git remote -v`. + + +### Step C. Create a branch `yourname-somefeature` pointing at your commit + +Create a branch from the current `main`. Also adapt "yourname-somefeature" to a better name: + +```console +$ git branch yourname-somefeature main +$ git switch yourname-somefeature +``` + +The `yourname-` prefix has no special meaning here (not like `origin/`): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it. + + +### Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: `yourusername.txt` + +In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don't share something you +don't want to become public for the duration of the exercise). + + +### Step E. Stage and commit the change + +```console +$ git add yourusername.txt +$ git commit +``` + +````{admonition} The commit only exists locally +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + + +### Step F. Push your change as a new branch + +```console +$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Now the commit also exists on the remote repository +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/04-remote.svg + +remote or central (read figure left to right) +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + +```{admonition} Meaning of -u +--- +class: dropdown +--- +The `-u` or `--set-upstream` will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages: +- If you from here on only type `git push` or `git pull` without branchname, Git will know what branch you + refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where + you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly. +- When you type `git status`, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch + that it tracks. + +However, also without the `-u` this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time. +``` + + +### Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits + +After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see. + + +### Step H. Submit a pull request + +Submit a pull request from your branch towards the `main` branch. +Do this through the web interface. + +Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with *almost no work* on the maintainer's side - a big win. + +There are **several options to open a pull request**: +- Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab +- Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button "Compare & pull request" +- Click on "Pull requests" on top of the GitHub repository and either "Compare & pull request" or "New pull request" +- Click on "Branches" and then "New pull request" from the respective branch + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +```{exercise} Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together) +- **We do step 2A and 2B together** (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories). +``` + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request. +- When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also. +- Discuss what you look at when submitting. +- Discuss what you look at when reviewing. +``` + + +### Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests + +**We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + +````{admonition} Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local +``` +```` + +Finally also discuss the "network" on GitHub. + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests: +- [GitHub](http://haacked.com/archive/2019/06/03/suggested-changes/) +- [GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/merge_requests/reviews/suggestions.html) +``` + +```{discussion} +**Naming** + +- In GitLab or BitBucket these are named **merge requests**, not **pull requests**. +- Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which + context? (The name **pull request** may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode). +- It can be useful to think of them as **change proposals**. + +**Pull requests can be used for code review** + +- We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group. +- Collaborative learning +- OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers +- In our example everyone has write access to the "central" repository. + +**Pull requests are from branch to branch** + +- They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch. +- Not from commit to branch. +- Pull requests create new commits on the target branch. +- They do not create new branches. + +**Protected branches** + +- A good setting for large projects is to make the `main` branch **protected** and all changes to it have to go + through code review. +- Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects. + +**Read more** + +- This is a great resource: [Practical git PRs for small teams](https://scicomp.aalto.fi/scicomp/practical-git-prs/) +``` + + +### Step 2B. Update your local copy + +Your branch `yourname-somefeature` is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: **Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository** but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions. + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/07-local.svg + +local +``` + +## Optional exercises + +```{exercise} (optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using "#N" +We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will **first create an issue**. + +1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives + others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. **Note the issue number**, you + will need it in step 3. +2. Create a new branch and switch to it. +3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you + did, but also add that this "closes #N" (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1). +4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the + issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request + form (add a "closes #N" to the title or description). +5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including `#N`. +6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically + closed. This only happens for certain keywords like `closes` or `fix`. +7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues + with commits or pull requests. + +See also the [GitHub documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue) +for more examples. +``` + +````{exercise} (optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch "yourname-somefeature"? (exercise/discussion) + Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - + the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. + Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the + [how much Git is necessary?](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/level/) episode of the git-intro lesson. + + In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch + and create a pull-request. Let's now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) + makes a new change (create a new file) + but without creating a new branch. + + 1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally. + 2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository: + + ```console + $ git push origin main + ``` + You probably see something like this: + + ```console + $ git push + + To https://github.com/user/repo.git + ! [rejected] main -> main (non-fast-forward) + error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git' + To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected + Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the + 'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details. + ``` + + - The push only worked for one participant (one clone). + - Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected? + + ```{solution} + The push for everyone except one person fails because they are missing one + commit in their local repository that exists on the remote. They will first + need to pull the remote changes before pushing their own, which will usually + result in a merge commit. + ``` +```` + +````{discussion} Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches + If there is a remote branch `somefeature`, we can create a local branch and start tracking `origin/somefeature` like this: + ```console + $ git switch somefeature + ``` + + Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it: + ```console + $ git pull origin somefeature + $ git push origin somefeature + ``` + + We can also delete remote branches: + ```console + $ git push origin --delete somefeature + ``` +```` + +```{callout} Creating pull requests from the command line +There are several possibilties: +- +- +- +``` + +```{callout} How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator +Visit where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to. +``` + +```{callout} GitHub/GitLab organizations +- Projects often start under a personal namespace. +- If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, + one can share projects under an "organization". +- You can then invite collaborators to an organization. +- This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: +``` + +```{keypoints} +- Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work. +- `origin` refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it). +- `origin/mybranch` is a read-only pointer to branch `mybranch` on `origin`. +- These read-only pointers only move when you `git fetch`/`git pull` or `git push`. +``` diff --git a/_sources/same-repository.md.txt b/_sources/same-repository.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dd3b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/same-repository.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Collaborating within the same repository + +We will add more details and screenshots before the course. + + +## Exercise + +:::{exercise} Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min) + +**What is familiar** from the previous workshop days: +- Cloning a repository. +- Creating a branch. +- Committing a change on the new branch. +- Submit a pull request towards the main branch. + +**What will be new** in this exercise: +- If you create the changes locally, you will need to **push** them to the remote repository. +- Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request. +- Cross-referencing issues and pull requests. +- Practice to review a pull request. +- Learn about the value of draft pull requests. + +**Exercise tasks**: +1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the + issue number since you will need it later. +1. Create a new branch. +1. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit + cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that). +1. Open a pull request towards the main branch. +1. Review somebody else's pull request and give constructive feedback. +1. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft + pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it + is not meant to be merged yet. +::: + + +## Solution and walk-through + +We will add this before the lesson. diff --git a/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. 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+ var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/check-solid.svg b/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/_static/clipboard.min.js b/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/_static/copybutton.css b/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/_static/copybutton.js b/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/_static/css/badge_only.css b/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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+ border-left-width: medium; + border-radius: var(--mystnb-source-border-radius); +} + +div.cell_input>div, +div.cell_output div.output>div.highlight { + margin: 0em !important; + border: none !important; +} + +/* All cell outputs */ +.cell_output { + padding-left: 1em; + padding-right: 0em; + margin-top: 1em; +} + +/* Text outputs from cells */ +.cell_output .output.text_plain, +.cell_output .output.traceback, +.cell_output .output.stream, +.cell_output .output.stderr { + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + box-shadow: none; +} + +.cell_output .output.text_plain, +.cell_output .output.stream { + background: var(--mystnb-stdout-bg-color); + border: 1px solid var(--mystnb-stdout-border-color); +} + +.cell_output .output.stderr { + background: var(--mystnb-stderr-bg-color); + border: 1px solid var(--mystnb-stderr-border-color); +} + +.cell_output .output.traceback { + background: var(--mystnb-traceback-bg-color); + border: 1px solid var(--mystnb-traceback-border-color); +} + +/* Collapsible cell content */ +div.cell details.above-input div.cell_input { + border-top-left-radius: 0; 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Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for 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+} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + 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+} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + 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+} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C145] { + color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC145] { + background-color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C146] { + color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC146] { + background-color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C147] { + color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC147] { + background-color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C148] { + color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC148] { + background-color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C149] { + color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC149] { + background-color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C150] { + color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC150] { + background-color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C151] { + color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC151] { + background-color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C152] { + color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC152] { + background-color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C153] { + color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC153] { + background-color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C154] { + color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC154] { + background-color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C155] { + color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC155] { + background-color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C156] { + color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC156] { + background-color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C157] { + color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC157] { + background-color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C158] { + color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC158] { + background-color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C159] { + color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC159] { + background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC174] { + background-color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C175] { + color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC175] { + background-color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C176] { + color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC176] { + background-color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C177] { + color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC177] { + background-color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C178] { + color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC178] { + background-color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C179] { + color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC179] { + background-color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C180] { + color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC180] { + background-color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C181] { + color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC181] { + background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight 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score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '

' + + '' + + _("Hide Search Matches") + + "

" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/_static/tabs.css b/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/_static/tabs.js b/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/_static/togglebutton.css b/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/togglebutton.js b/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/bare-repos/index.html b/bare-repos/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e04278 --- /dev/null +++ b/bare-repos/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ + + + + + + + Non-bare and bare repositories — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories.

    • +

  • Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+
+

Non-bare repository

+
    +

  • A non-bare repository contains .git/ as well as a snapshot of your +tracked files that you can directly edit called the working tree (the +actual files you can edit).

    • +

  • This is where we edit and commit changes.

    • +

  • When we create a repository with git init, it is a non-bare, “normal”, repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Bare repository

+
    +

  • A bare repository contains only the .git/ part, no files you can directly edit.

    • +

  • By convention the names of bare repositories end with .git to emphasize this.

    • +

  • We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository.

    • +

  • GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository.

    • +

  • You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository.

    • +
+

If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • We do programming work inside non-bare repositories.

    • +

  • We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/.buildinfo b/branch/main/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..202ed1d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: a0899fdd0ef3e4766043f5775c2d0ea4 +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/branch/main/.nojekyll b/branch/main/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/branch/main/_images/01-local.svg b/branch/main/_images/01-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77fb349 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/01-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + origin/main + + + + + main + + + + + HEAD + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/01-remote.svg b/branch/main/_images/01-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1908ed --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/01-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/04-local.svg b/branch/main/_images/04-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..477663c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/04-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + HEAD + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/04-remote.svg b/branch/main/_images/04-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5094362 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/04-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/06-remote.svg b/branch/main/_images/06-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f1b84f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/06-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + m1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/07-local.svg b/branch/main/_images/07-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d7f3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/07-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + m1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + main + + + + + HEAD + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/centralized.svg b/branch/main/_images/centralized.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d1d8be --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/centralized.svg @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/clone.png b/branch/main/_images/clone.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76bcbab Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/clone.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/fetch-and-merge.png b/branch/main/_images/fetch-and-merge.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a20b4c Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/fetch-and-merge.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/fork.png b/branch/main/_images/fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c936e1a Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/fork.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/forkandclone.png b/branch/main/_images/forkandclone.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d050183 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/forkandclone.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/forking-1.svg b/branch/main/_images/forking-1.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6a1f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/forking-1.svg @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + fork + + clone + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/forking-2.svg b/branch/main/_images/forking-2.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1475697 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/forking-2.svg @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + pull request + + push + fork + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/forking-3.svg b/branch/main/_images/forking-3.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..852b897 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/forking-3.svg @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + push + pull/fetch + fork + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/forking-overview.svg b/branch/main/_images/forking-overview.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6b6b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/forking-overview.svg @@ -0,0 +1,512 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + + + + + fork + + + + + + + (once) + pull req. + + + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/generate.png b/branch/main/_images/generate.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d9cae5 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/generate.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/generate_repo.png b/branch/main/_images/generate_repo.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d15e61 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/generate_repo.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-local-01.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-local-01.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3096d65 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-local-01.svg @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-local-02.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-local-02.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b3a1be --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-local-02.svg @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-local-03.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-local-03.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f14692 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-local-03.svg @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-local-04.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-local-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..554b6f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-local-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-local-05.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-local-05.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a1823 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-local-05.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-local-06.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-local-06.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20b0de5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-local-06.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + + + upstream/main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-remote-01.svg b/branch/main/_images/github-remote-01.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..285b3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_images/github-remote-01.svg @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_images/github-remote-02.svg 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b/branch/main/_images/how-to-fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..274621b Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/how-to-fork.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/import.png b/branch/main/_images/import.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..809ab35 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/import.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/remote.jpg b/branch/main/_images/remote.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c88302 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/remote.jpg differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/unwatch.png b/branch/main/_images/unwatch.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae6f61c Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/unwatch.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/bare-repos.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/bare-repos.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec9ee9b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/bare-repos.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# Non-bare and bare repositories + +```{objectives} +- Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories. +- Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +## Non-bare repository + +- A **non-bare repository** contains `.git/` as well as a snapshot of your + tracked files that you can directly edit called **the working tree** (the + actual files you can edit). +- **This is where we edit and commit changes**. +- When we create a repository with `git init`, it is a non-bare, "normal", repository. + + +## Bare repository + +- A **bare repository** contains only the `.git/` part, no files you can directly edit. +- By convention the names of bare repositories end with `.git` to emphasize this. +- We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository. +- GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository. +- You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository. + +If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer: + +````{exercise} Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository +- Create a new local repository with `git init`. + ```console + $ cd /path/to/example + $ git init + ``` +- Populate it with a file and a commit or two. +- Create one or two branches. +- Clone this repository on the same computer with either `--bare` or `--mirror`: + ```console + $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare + ``` +- Inspect the bare repository. +- Clone the bare repository: + ```console + $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone + $ cd /path/to/example-clone + ``` +- Inside the clone inspect `git remote -v`. +- Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to `origin`. +- The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes. +```` + +```{keypoints} +- We do programming work inside non-bare repositories. +- We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/code-review.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/code-review.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03c61e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/code-review.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Practicing code review + +We will add more details and screenshots before the course. + + +## Exercise + +:::{exercise} Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min) + +**What is familiar** from the previous workshop days: +- Creating a branch. +- Committing a change on the new branch. +- Opening and merging pull requests. + +**What will be new** in this exercise: +- As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request. +- As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request. +- As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing + the incomplete one and opening a new one. + +**Exercise tasks**: +1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also + deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review. +1. Open a pull request towards the main branch. +1. As a reviewer to somebody else's pull request, ask for an improvement and + also directly suggest a change for the small typo. +1. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change. +1. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open + a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch. +1. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request. +::: + + +## Solution and walk-through + +We will add this before the lesson. diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/concepts.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/concepts.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fc63ec --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/concepts.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +# Concepts around collaboration + +```{objectives} +- Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching +``` + + +## Motivation + +- Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute? +- We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back. +- Then, we make a "pull request" that allows a review. +- Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes + to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external + contributors. + + +## Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones + +- **repository**: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags). +- **commit**: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. `c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e`). +- **branch**: Independent development line. The main development line is often called `main`. +- **tag**: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a [commemorative plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative_plaque) + that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. `phd-printed` or `paper-submitted`). +- **cloning**: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one. +- **forking**: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your + copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy. + + +## Cloning a repository + +In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the `git clone` command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations: +* Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer. +* The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository. +* Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code. + +```{figure} img/overview/clone.png +:alt: Cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Cloning +``` + + +## Forking a repository + +When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access. +* In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (`main` or `master`), and to other branches. +* The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests. + +```{figure} img/overview/fork.png +:alt: Forking +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking +``` + + +## Generating from templates and importing + +There are two more ways to create "copies" of repositories into your user space: +- A repository can be marked as **template** and new repositories can be + **generated** from it, like using a cookie-cutter. + The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not + inherit the history of the template. + +```{figure} img/overview/generate.png +:alt: Generating from a template +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Generating from a template. +``` + +- You can **import** a repository from another hosting service or web address. + This will preserve the history of the imported project. + +```{figure} img/overview/import.png +:alt: Importing a repository +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Importing a repository. +``` +--- + +```{discussion} +- Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out + how many forks exist and where they are. +- In which situations could it be useful to start from a "template" repository by generating? +``` + + +## Synchronizing changes between repositories + +- We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories. +- We will **pull** or **fetch** updates **from** remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch). +- We will **push** updates **to** remote repositories. +- We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (**pull request**). +- Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: + We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the "central" repository). +- A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab. + +```{figure} img/overview/forkandclone.png +:alt: Forking and cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking and cloning +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/contributing.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/contributing.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad04e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/contributing.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# How to contribute changes to somebody else's project + +```{objectives} +- Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching/discussion +``` + + +## Contributing very minor changes + +- Clone or fork+clone repository +- Create a branch +- Commit and push change +- Open a pull request or merge request + + +## If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- Describe the problem +- If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion +- Possibly **discuss and get feedback** +- If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it +- Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Inform others about an observed problem** +- Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on +``` + + +## If you have an idea for a new feature + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature +- Motivate why and how you wish to do this +- Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback +- **Discuss and get feedback before you code** +- Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it +- Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code** which might be rejected +- If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as + reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change +``` + + +## WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests + +- Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with "WIP" or "Draft" are not to be merged yet +- They are there to **collect feedback on unfinished work** +- On GitHub you can create [draft pull requests](https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-requests/) + which cannot be merged until marked ready for review. +- Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with "WIP" or "Draft") + +```{admonition} Motivation +- Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change +- Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work +``` + + +## Licenses matter + +- If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license +- If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, **clarify its license and + copyright** with the submitter, before merging + + +## How to make sure that you don't merge malicious code + +(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some) + +- Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past + without all future hashes changing +- Projects like or + have to be extremely careful what they accept +- Browse the code changes before merging them +- If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information +- Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know +- Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity + + +```{keypoints} +- Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes. +- **Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes**. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/exercises.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/exercises.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3b4074 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/exercises.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# List of exercises + + +## Full list + +This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests. + +```{exerciselist} +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/forking-workflow-old.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/forking-workflow-old.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e60d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/forking-workflow-old.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,525 @@ +# How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others + +```{objectives} +- Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab. +- Get comfortable with the forking workflow. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Forking layout + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-overview.svg +:alt: Forking workflow +:width: 50% + +Forking workflow. **Red** is the central repository, where only +owners have access. **Green** are *forks* on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). **Blue** are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer. +``` + +In the **forking layout**, again we call one repository the "central" +repository but people push to **forks** (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket). + +Features: + +- **Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission** + (to public projects). +- Maintainer still has **full control over what is merged**. +- Contributors now have **more than one remote** to work with. + +This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples: + +- [NumPy](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html) +- [JupyterLab](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab) + +```{discussion} Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone? +- It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else. +- The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop. +- The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling. +- Backup. +``` + + +## Working with multiple remotes + +In the forking layout described above we work with **multiple remotes**, +in this case **two remotes**: One remote refers to the "central" repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork. + +- There is nothing special about the name `origin`. The `origin` is an alias/placeholder (think of "sticky note" referring to an URL). +- We can name these aliases as we like. +- We can add and remove remotes: + ```console + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote rm upstream + + $ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git + $ git remote rm group-repo + + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git + ``` + +- To see all remotes: + ```console + $ git remote --verbose + ``` + +```{warning} +**We will work with a new repository for this exercise!** + +For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the **forking**-workflow-exercise. +``` + + +## Exercise + +We are working on combining the steps into one exercise. + + +## Exercise preparation + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + + **Maintainer (team lead)**: + - Create an exercise repository by + [generating from a template](https://help.github.com/en/articles/creating-a-repository-from-a-template) + using this template: + called `forking-workflow-exercise` + - In this case we **do not add collaborators** to the repository (this is the point of this example). + - Share the link to the newly created repository with your group. + + **Learners in exercise team**: Fork the newly created repository (not the + "coderefinery" one) and then **clone your fork**. + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. + + We create(d) these the day before hopefully. **Choose only one to + work with**: + - Not recorded: + (this + will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is be public on + the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: + + (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments + may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + + Here we don't need your GitHub usernames because the point of this exercise + is to show that we can collaborate without granting write permissions. + + Learners following on their own: Fork one of these two repositories + and then **clone your fork** to your computer. + ```` +````` +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request +As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by [tacofancy](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy). + +**Objectives**: +- Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository. +- Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the + forked repository. + +**Exercise**: +- Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes). +- **Learners work on steps A-F** (15-20 minutes). +- There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more. +- After step E you take a break or help others. + Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document. +- **We will review the pull requests together** + and then update forks. +``` + +Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in `git graph`: + +- `git graph` - almost every time. As a reminder, to define `git graph` use: + ```console + $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline" + ``` +- `git status` - when you modify files. + + +### Step A: Fork and clone + +First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork). + +```{figure} img/forking/how-to-fork.png +:class: with-border + +How to fork. +``` + +Then **clone your fork** to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. **Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL** from the web browser. The URL should start with +`git@github.com:`. Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-1.svg + +Forking followed by cloning. +``` + +This is how it looks after we fork: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +- A fork is basically a (bare) clone. +- The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories. +- When forking we copy all commits, all branches. + +After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-01.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step B: Open an "issue" as a change proposal + +Before we start any coding, open a new "Issue" on the central repository as a +"proposal" where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number. + +Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding. + + +### Step C: Modify and commit + +Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example: + +```console +$ git branch myname-feature # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose +$ git switch myname-feature +``` + +**On the new branch create a new file** which will hold your recipe, +for instance `traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md` (but change the name). You can get inspired +[here](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy/tree/master/full_tacos). Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!). + +There is also a file called `test.py` which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +"taco" (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing. + +Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message **reference the issue** which you have opened earlier with "this is my +commit message; closes #N" (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B). + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +And here is a picture of what just happened: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-02.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step D: Push your changes to the fork + +Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than "myname-feature". Also verify where "origin" points to. + +```console +$ git push origin myname-feature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step E: Open a pull request + +Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation for steps D and E +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/forking-2.svg + +Push followed by a pull request. +``` + +A pull-request means: "please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click". + +Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + +### Step F: View your pull request + +Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory. + +**Wait here** until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together. + +Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain [the right keywords](https://help.github.com/en/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords)). + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request +If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request. +``` + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened. +You can do that by pushing **additional commits to the same branch** where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +**We do this step together**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request +If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits. + +Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with "Squash and +merge" and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks + +We do this part **after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated**. + +Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants. + +Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork. + +On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below): + +```{figure} img/forking/fetch-and-merge.png +:alt: Updating the fork via GitHub web interface + +Updating the fork via GitHub web interface. +``` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like `origin` or `upstream`. + +Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork: +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main +$ git push FORK-URL main +``` + +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: +```{figure} img/forking/forking-3.svg + +Pull followed by push to a different remote. +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line (longer version) +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step. + +```console +$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL +$ git fetch central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-04.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git merge central/main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-05.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git push origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-04.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-06.svg + +local +``` +```` + +--- + +```{figure} img/forking/remote.jpg +``` +- Luke Skywalker: *You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.* +- Ben Kenobi: *That's good. You've taken your first step into a larger world.* + +[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope] + + +```{discussion} Discussion: Always create a feature branch +**For each pull request create a new branch**. Motivation: +- Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull + request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit + to branch). +- History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository + does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/forking-workflow.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/forking-workflow.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32ea4a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/forking-workflow.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others + + +We will add more details and screenshots before the course. + + +## Exercise + +:::{exercise} Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min) + +**What is familiar** from the previous workshop days: +- Forking a repository. +- Creating a branch. +- Committing a change on the new branch. +- Opening and merging pull requests. + +**What will be new** in this exercise: +- Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository. +- Learning that your fork can get out of date. +- After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes. +- Learn how to approach other people's repositories with ideas, changes, and requests. + +**Exercise tasks**: +1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the + change you want to make. Take note of the issue number. +1. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository. +1. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. + See the walk-through below for how to do this. +1. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository. +1. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes. +1. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people's pull requests. +::: + + +## Solution and walk-through + +We will add this before the lesson. diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/guide.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a36965f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +# Instructor guide + + +## Schedule Day 3 + +- 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question +- 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight +- 09:15 - 09:30: [Concepts around collaboration](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/remotes/) + - Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch. + - Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing. +- 09:30 - 11:00: [Centralized workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/) + - 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts + - 9:45 - 9:55: Break + - 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome + - 10:00 - 10:30: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/#exercise-preparation) + - 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions +- 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break +- 12:00 - 13:10: [Distributed version control and forking workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/) + - 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes + - 12:15 - 12:45: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/#exercise-preparation) + - 12:45 - 12:55 Break + - 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions +- 13:10 - 13:30: [How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/contributing/) and Q&A + + +## Why we teach this lesson + +In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it's essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The [git-intro lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/) +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub. + +This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +By the end of this lesson, learners should: +- Understand the concept of remotes +- Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches +- Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows +- Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects +- Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues +- Know how to update a fork +- **Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer** + + +## Interesting questions you might get + +- If participants run `git graph` they might notice `origin/HEAD`. This has been + omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the + default branch of the remote repository. + + +## Timing + +- The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, + so at least an hour is required for it. +- The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only + introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the + time of the first episode. +- The "How to contribute changes to somebody else's project" episode can be + covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. + However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome. + + +## Preparing exercises + +Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about "maintainer" who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository. + +**Live stream**: +- Create the centralized exercises **in an organization** (not under your username) so + that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you + can then fork yourself if needed. +- For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under + . The instructors or team leads need to have owner status in the organization in order to invite people. +- We have created two versions of each **a day in advance** to signal which one might end up + being discussed on recording/stream: + - `centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `centralized-workflow-exercise` + - `forking-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `forking-workflow-exercise` +- Protect the default branch of the two `centralized-*` repositories. +- We create a organization team, `stream-exercise-participants`. The + *centralized* workflow exercise repos have this team added as a + collaborator (*not* forking - they fork so they don't need write + access there). +- We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via + issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, `access-requests`, + create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a + new issue in that repository. The day/morning before the day of the lesson the instructor or team leader now has to invite the learners to the team. Three steps: + 1. copy the learners GitHub username from the issue + 2. go to [team member page, example linked here](https://github.com/orgs/cr-workshop-exercises/teams/stream-exercise-participants/members) and invite that username to the team (this means first clicking invite and then scrolling down to click the "add username to ..." button. This sends an email to that users email that is connected to their GitHub account. + 3. In the issue, copy following text (or similar) to the issue and "close with comment": + ``` + We have added you to the CodeRefinery exercise repository. + + What you should do before the exercise starts: + + You will get an invitation from GitHub to your email address (that GitHub knows about). Please accept that invitation so that you can participate in the collaborative exercise. + To make sure you don't get too many emails during the exercise, don't forget to "unwatch" both https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise and https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded. + To "unwatch", go to the repository and click the "Unwatch" button (top middle of the screen) and then select "Participating and @mentions". +`` + + - Why a fifth repository? So that learners don't get emails from all + other access requests once they get added to the team + - [Example email requesting learners to join](https://coderefinery.github.io/2024-03-12-workshop/communication/#2024-03-12-exercise-preparation-for-learners-without-own-group) + - [Example issue comment](https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/41) + + +## Typical pitfalls + +### Difference between pull and pull requests + +The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc. + + +### Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch + +The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained. + + +## Other practical aspects + +- In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so + that they can see the screens. From the beginning. +- Emphasize use of `git graph` a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson. diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/hooks.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/hooks.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7944cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/hooks.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# Hooks + +```{objectives} +- Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to **trigger scripts** +which take care of some tasks. **Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events**. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks. + + +## Client-side hooks + +You can find and edit them here: + +```console +$ ls -l .git/hooks/ +``` + +- `pre-commit`: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass) +- `prepare-commit-msg`: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages) +- `commit-msg`: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern) +- `post-commit`: after commit process (example: notification) +- `pre-rebase`: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits) +- `post-rewrite`: run by commands that rewrite commits +- `post-checkout`: after successful `git checkout` (example: generating documentation) +- `post-merge`: after successful merge +- `pre-push`: runs during `git push` before any objects have been transferred +- `pre-auto-gc`: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place + +See also , +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. + +Example for a `pre-commit` hook which checks whether a Python code is [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)-compliant +using [pycodestyle](http://pycodestyle.pycqa.org): + +```bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +# ignore errors due to too long lines +pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/ +``` + + +## Server-side hooks + +You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab. + +- `pre-receive`: before accepting any references +- `update`: like `pre-receive` but runs once per pushed branch +- `post-receive`: after entire process is completed + +- Typical use: + - Maintenance work + - Automated tests + - Refreshing of documentation/website + - Sanity checks + - Code style checks + - Email notification + - Rebuilding software packages + + +## Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services + +GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. `git push` or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible. + +These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly. + +You can read more about these services here: +- [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) +- [GitLab CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/) + +In our projects we use these services to: +- Build websites +- Build documentation +- Run tests +- Create containers +- Package and upload packages +- Spellchecking diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/index.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/index.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f8f4b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/index.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# Collaborative distributed version control + +We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing? + +- Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: + This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult + keep all copies synchronized. +- One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of + more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition. +- Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. + Good for small groups. +- Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without + advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with. + +Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +*transformative* (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +**This can’t be done without proper tools.** + +**In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services.** We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks. + +```{prereq} +1. Basic understanding of Git. +2. You need a [GitHub](https://github.com) account. + +We will do this exercise on [GitHub](https://github.com) but also +[GitLab](https://gitlab.com) and +[Bitbucket](https://bitbucket.org) allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +[GitHub](https://github.com). We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +[GitHub](https://github.com) because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +[GitHub](https://github.com)-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform. +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Core lesson + +concepts.md +same-repository.md +code-review.md +forking-workflow.md +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Older episodes + +same-repository-old.md +forking-workflow-old.md +contributing.md +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Optional episodes + +hooks.md +bare-repos.md +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: Reference + +reference +exercises +guide +PDF version +``` + +```{toctree} +:maxdepth: 1 +:caption: About + +All lessons +CodeRefinery +Reusing +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/reference.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..746d73a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# Quick reference + +## Other cheatsheets + +See the [git-intro cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/) for +the basics. + +* [Interactive git cheatsheet](http://www.ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html) +* [Very detailed 2-page git + cheatsheet](https://aaltoscicomp.github.io/cheatsheets/git-the-way-you-need-it-cheatsheet.pdf) + + +## Glossary + +* **remote**: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A + repository can be linked to several other remotes. +* **push**: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository +* **fetch**: Update your view of another repository +* **pull**: Fetch (above) and then merge +* **origin**: Default name for a remote repository. +* **origin/NAME**: A branch name which represents a remote branch. +* **main**: Default name for main branch. +* **merge**: Combine the changes on two branches. +* **conflict**: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, + git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the + conflict to the user to resolve. +* **issue**: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion + related to a repository. +* **pull request**: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a + code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In + Gitlab, called "**merge request**". +* **git hook**: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for + example to do tests before allowing you to commit. +* **bare repository**: A copy of a repository that only is only the `.git` + directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names + usually like `something.git` + + +## Commands we use + +This excludes most introduced in the [git-intro +cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/). + +Setup: + +* `git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]`: Make a copy of existing + repository at <url>, containing all history. + +Status: + +* `git status`: Same as in basic git, list status +* `git remote [-v]`: List all remotes +* `git graph`: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command + with `git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"` + +General work: + +* `git switch BRANCH-NAME`: Make a branch active. +* `git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]`: Send commits and + update the branch on the remote. +* `git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]`: Fetch and then merge + automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch + and merge separately. +* `git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]`: Get commits from the remote. Doesn't + update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches + (like origin/NAME). +* `git merge [BRANCH-NAME]`: Updates your current branch with + changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is + tracking by default. +* `git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL`: Adds a new remote with a + certain name. diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/same-repository-old.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/same-repository-old.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5323dc --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/same-repository-old.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,537 @@ +# Collaborating within the same repository + +```{objectives} +- Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow. +- Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Meaning of "central" in a distributed version control + +In this episode, we will explore the usage of a **centralized workflow** for collaborating online on a project +**within one repository on GitHub**. This means that everyone has +access to that **central repository** - convenient (but doesn't scale to a huge +project). + +In {doc}`the next section `, we will see that Git is +**distributed** version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just "everything connects to one central server". + + + +## Centralized layout + +```{figure} img/forking/centralized.svg +:alt: Centralized layout +:width: 50% + +Centralized layout. **Red** is the repository on GitHub. **Blue** is +where all contributors work on their own computers. +``` + +Features: + +- Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows). +- Suited for cases where **all developers are in the same group or organization or project**. +- **Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access**. +- Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically `main` or `master`). + +Real life examples: + +- Within the CodeRefinery team we mostly use this approach: [https://github.com/coderefinery](https://github.com/coderefinery) +- [https://github.com/ropensci/plotly](https://github.com/ropensci/plotly) + + +## Exercise + +We are working on combining the steps into one exercise. + + +## Exercise preparation + +In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (**maintainer**) will create the exercise repository, and +**collaborators** will contribute to it. We'll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls. + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + - Form not too large groups (4-5 persons). + - Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared + GitHub repository: the *maintainer*. + This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else + is a *collaborator*. + - The **maintainer** (one person per group) generates a new repository + from the template + called `centralized-workflow-exercise` (There is no need to tick *"Include all branches"* for this exercise): + ```{figure} img/centralized/generate_repo.png + :alt: Screenshot of generating the exercise repository + :width: 100% + ``` + - Then **everyone in your group** needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository: + - Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer. + - Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL. + - Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator). + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. This exercise is only possible during our + livestream courses. + The preparation typically happens already the day before. + + ```{admonition} If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson) + --- + class: dropdown + --- + If you have not yet requested access, could you please [open an + issue in this + repository](https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new/choose). + Wait a + minute for staff to add you, then wait for the invite email to arrive and + accept the invitation from the email and "unwatch" repositories (below). + ``` + + **Choose only one to work with** (you must have requested access already, see above) + + - Not recorded: + + (this will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is public + on the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + ```` +````` + +- **Don't forget to accept the invitation** + - Check + - Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with + GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don't receive it + you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The + maintainer can also "copy invite link" and share it within the group. + +(unwatch)= + +- **Watching and unwatching repositories** + - Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull + requests via email. + - If you do not wish this, you can "unwatch" a repository (top of + the project page). + - However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested + in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the + activity that come through a popular project. + ```{figure} img/centralized/unwatch.png + :alt: Unwatching a repository + + Unwatch a repository by clicking "Unwatch" in the repository view, + then "Participating and @mentions" - this way, you will get + notifications about your own interactions. + ``` + +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request +- Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above). +- Then work on steps A-H. +- There are also optional exercises. +- Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands: + - `git graph` - almost every time + - `git status` - when you modify files +``` + +```{callout} Hint for breakout rooms +If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository's maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers! +``` + + +### Step A. Clone your maintainer's group repository + +```console +$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Where `REPOSITORY-URL` is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer. + +**Clone using the SSH path** you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +`git@github.com:`), not the one that starts with `https://github.com`. +Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Representation of what happens when you clone +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/01-local.svg + +local +``` + +Here and in what follows, "c1" is a commit, "b1" etc. are commits on side branches +and "m1" is a merge commit. + +- We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include *all branches* when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (*initial commit*). +- `git clone` creates pointers `origin/main` so you can see the branches of the origin. +- `origin` refers to where we cloned from. +- `origin` is a shortcut for the full URL. +- `origin/main` is a read-only pointer. +- The branches starting with `origin/` only move during `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push`. +- Only `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push` require network. +- All other operations are local operations. +```` + + +### Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory + +```console +$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using `git remote -v`. + + +### Step C. Create a branch `yourname-somefeature` pointing at your commit + +Create a branch from the current `main`. Also adapt "yourname-somefeature" to a better name: + +```console +$ git branch yourname-somefeature main +$ git switch yourname-somefeature +``` + +The `yourname-` prefix has no special meaning here (not like `origin/`): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it. + + +### Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: `yourusername.txt` + +In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don't share something you +don't want to become public for the duration of the exercise). + + +### Step E. Stage and commit the change + +```console +$ git add yourusername.txt +$ git commit +``` + +````{admonition} The commit only exists locally +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + + +### Step F. Push your change as a new branch + +```console +$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Now the commit also exists on the remote repository +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/04-remote.svg + +remote or central (read figure left to right) +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + +```{admonition} Meaning of -u +--- +class: dropdown +--- +The `-u` or `--set-upstream` will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages: +- If you from here on only type `git push` or `git pull` without branchname, Git will know what branch you + refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where + you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly. +- When you type `git status`, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch + that it tracks. + +However, also without the `-u` this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time. +``` + + +### Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits + +After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see. + + +### Step H. Submit a pull request + +Submit a pull request from your branch towards the `main` branch. +Do this through the web interface. + +Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with *almost no work* on the maintainer's side - a big win. + +There are **several options to open a pull request**: +- Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab +- Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button "Compare & pull request" +- Click on "Pull requests" on top of the GitHub repository and either "Compare & pull request" or "New pull request" +- Click on "Branches" and then "New pull request" from the respective branch + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +```{exercise} Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together) +- **We do step 2A and 2B together** (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories). +``` + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request. +- When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also. +- Discuss what you look at when submitting. +- Discuss what you look at when reviewing. +``` + + +### Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests + +**We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + +````{admonition} Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local +``` +```` + +Finally also discuss the "network" on GitHub. + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests: +- [GitHub](http://haacked.com/archive/2019/06/03/suggested-changes/) +- [GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/merge_requests/reviews/suggestions.html) +``` + +```{discussion} +**Naming** + +- In GitLab or BitBucket these are named **merge requests**, not **pull requests**. +- Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which + context? (The name **pull request** may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode). +- It can be useful to think of them as **change proposals**. + +**Pull requests can be used for code review** + +- We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group. +- Collaborative learning +- OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers +- In our example everyone has write access to the "central" repository. + +**Pull requests are from branch to branch** + +- They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch. +- Not from commit to branch. +- Pull requests create new commits on the target branch. +- They do not create new branches. + +**Protected branches** + +- A good setting for large projects is to make the `main` branch **protected** and all changes to it have to go + through code review. +- Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects. + +**Read more** + +- This is a great resource: [Practical git PRs for small teams](https://scicomp.aalto.fi/scicomp/practical-git-prs/) +``` + + +### Step 2B. Update your local copy + +Your branch `yourname-somefeature` is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: **Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository** but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions. + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/07-local.svg + +local +``` + +## Optional exercises + +```{exercise} (optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using "#N" +We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will **first create an issue**. + +1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives + others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. **Note the issue number**, you + will need it in step 3. +2. Create a new branch and switch to it. +3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you + did, but also add that this "closes #N" (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1). +4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the + issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request + form (add a "closes #N" to the title or description). +5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including `#N`. +6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically + closed. This only happens for certain keywords like `closes` or `fix`. +7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues + with commits or pull requests. + +See also the [GitHub documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue) +for more examples. +``` + +````{exercise} (optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch "yourname-somefeature"? (exercise/discussion) + Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - + the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. + Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the + [how much Git is necessary?](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/level/) episode of the git-intro lesson. + + In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch + and create a pull-request. Let's now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) + makes a new change (create a new file) + but without creating a new branch. + + 1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally. + 2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository: + + ```console + $ git push origin main + ``` + You probably see something like this: + + ```console + $ git push + + To https://github.com/user/repo.git + ! [rejected] main -> main (non-fast-forward) + error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git' + To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected + Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the + 'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details. + ``` + + - The push only worked for one participant (one clone). + - Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected? + + ```{solution} + The push for everyone except one person fails because they are missing one + commit in their local repository that exists on the remote. They will first + need to pull the remote changes before pushing their own, which will usually + result in a merge commit. + ``` +```` + +````{discussion} Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches + If there is a remote branch `somefeature`, we can create a local branch and start tracking `origin/somefeature` like this: + ```console + $ git switch somefeature + ``` + + Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it: + ```console + $ git pull origin somefeature + $ git push origin somefeature + ``` + + We can also delete remote branches: + ```console + $ git push origin --delete somefeature + ``` +```` + +```{callout} Creating pull requests from the command line +There are several possibilties: +- +- +- +``` + +```{callout} How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator +Visit where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to. +``` + +```{callout} GitHub/GitLab organizations +- Projects often start under a personal namespace. +- If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, + one can share projects under an "organization". +- You can then invite collaborators to an organization. +- This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: +``` + +```{keypoints} +- Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work. +- `origin` refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it). +- `origin/mybranch` is a read-only pointer to branch `mybranch` on `origin`. +- These read-only pointers only move when you `git fetch`/`git pull` or `git push`. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/same-repository.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/same-repository.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dd3b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/same-repository.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Collaborating within the same repository + +We will add more details and screenshots before the course. + + +## Exercise + +:::{exercise} Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min) + +**What is familiar** from the previous workshop days: +- Cloning a repository. +- Creating a branch. +- Committing a change on the new branch. +- Submit a pull request towards the main branch. + +**What will be new** in this exercise: +- If you create the changes locally, you will need to **push** them to the remote repository. +- Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request. +- Cross-referencing issues and pull requests. +- Practice to review a pull request. +- Learn about the value of draft pull requests. + +**Exercise tasks**: +1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the + issue number since you will need it later. +1. Create a new branch. +1. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit + cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that). +1. Open a pull request towards the main branch. +1. Review somebody else's pull request and give constructive feedback. +1. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft + pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it + is not meant to be merged yet. +::: + + +## Solution and walk-through + +We will add this before the lesson. diff --git a/branch/main/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/branch/main/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/basic.css b/branch/main/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/_static/check-solid.svg b/branch/main/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_static/clipboard.min.js b/branch/main/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_static/copybutton.css b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/main/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/css/badge_only.css b/branch/main/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); + var top = secProperties['top']; + var height = secProperties['height'] + var win_height = window.innerHeight; + //console.info(top, height, win_height) + + var scroll_to = 0; + if (height >= win_height || height == 0) { + scroll_to = top; + } else { + scroll_to = top - (win_height-height)/3.; + } + //console.info(top, height, win_height, scroll_to) + + $('html, body').animate({ + scrollTop: scroll_to //+ 'px' + }, 'fast'); + +} + + +function minipres() { + /* Enable the minipres mode: + - call the hide() function + - set up the scrolling listener + */ + document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) { + switch(event.which) { + case 37: // left + switch_slide(-1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 38: // up + case 39: // right + switch_slide(+1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 40: // down + default: + return; // exit this handler for other keys + } + }, true) + + hide() + + // Increase space between sections + //$("div .section").css('margin-bottom', '50%'); 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+} + +/* Pandas tables. Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for translated ANSI escape sequences +Color values are copied from Jupyter Notebook +https://github.com/jupyter/notebook/blob/52581f8eda9b319eb0390ac77fe5903c38f81e3e/notebook/static/notebook/less/ansicolors.less#L14-L21 +Background colors from +https://nbsphinx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code-cells.html#ANSI-Colors +*/ +div.highlight .-Color-Bold { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Black] { + color: #3E424D +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Red] { + color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Green] { + color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Yellow] { + color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Blue] { + color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Magenta] { + color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Cyan] { + color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-White] { + color: #C5C1B4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlack] { + background-color: #3E424D +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGRed] { + background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + 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background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + 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background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C211] { + color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC211] { + background-color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C212] { + color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC212] { + background-color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C213] { + color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC213] { + background-color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C214] { + color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC214] { + background-color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C215] { + color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC215] { + background-color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C216] { + color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC216] { + background-color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C217] { + color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC217] { + background-color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C218] { + color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC218] { + background-color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C219] { + color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC219] { + background-color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C220] { + color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC220] { + background-color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C221] { + color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC221] { + background-color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C222] { + color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC222] { + background-color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C223] { + color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC223] { + background-color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C224] { + color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC224] { + background-color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C225] { + color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC225] { + background-color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C226] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC226] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C227] { + color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC227] { + background-color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C228] { + color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC228] { + background-color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C229] { + color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC229] { + background-color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C230] { + color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC230] { + background-color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C231] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC231] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C232] { + color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC232] { + background-color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C233] { + color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC233] { + background-color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C234] { + color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC234] { + background-color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C235] { + color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC235] { + background-color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C236] { + color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC236] { + background-color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C237] { + color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC237] { + background-color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C238] { + color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC238] { + background-color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C239] { + color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC239] { + background-color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C240] { + color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC240] { + background-color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C241] { + color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC241] { + background-color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C242] { + color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC242] { + background-color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C243] { + color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC243] { + background-color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C244] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC244] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C245] { + color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC245] { + background-color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C246] { + color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC246] { + background-color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C247] { + color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC247] { + background-color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C248] { + color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC248] { + background-color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C249] { + color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC249] { + background-color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C250] { + color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC250] { + background-color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C251] { + color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC251] { + background-color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C252] { + color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC252] { + background-color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C253] { + color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC253] { + background-color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C254] { + color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC254] { + background-color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight 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+if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/branch/main/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '

' + + '' + + _("Hide Search Matches") + + "

" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/branch/main/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/branch/main/_static/tabs.css b/branch/main/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/tabs.js b/branch/main/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/branch/main/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/branch/main/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.css b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.js b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/branch/main/bare-repos/index.html b/branch/main/bare-repos/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e04278 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/bare-repos/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ + + + + + + + Non-bare and bare repositories — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories.

    • +

  • Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+
+

Non-bare repository

+
    +

  • A non-bare repository contains .git/ as well as a snapshot of your +tracked files that you can directly edit called the working tree (the +actual files you can edit).

    • +

  • This is where we edit and commit changes.

    • +

  • When we create a repository with git init, it is a non-bare, “normal”, repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Bare repository

+
    +

  • A bare repository contains only the .git/ part, no files you can directly edit.

    • +

  • By convention the names of bare repositories end with .git to emphasize this.

    • +

  • We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository.

    • +

  • GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository.

    • +

  • You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository.

    • +
+

If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • We do programming work inside non-bare repositories.

    • +

  • We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/code-review/index.html b/branch/main/code-review/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04ef3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/code-review/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ + + + + + + + Practicing code review — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Practicing code review

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing +the incomplete one and opening a new one.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also +deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review.

    2. +

  2. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    3. +

  3. As a reviewer to somebody else’s pull request, ask for an improvement and +also directly suggest a change for the small typo.

    4. +

  4. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change.

    5. +

  5. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open +a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch.

    6. +

  6. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/concepts/index.html b/branch/main/concepts/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3d7db0 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/concepts/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,282 @@ + + + + + + + Concepts around collaboration — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Concepts around collaboration

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching

    • +
+
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute?

    • +

  • We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back.

    • +

  • Then, we make a “pull request” that allows a review.

    • +

  • Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes +to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external +contributors.

    • +
+
+
+

Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones

+
    +

  • repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).

    • +

  • commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).

    • +

  • branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main.

    • +

  • tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque +that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).

    • +

  • cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one.

    • +

  • forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your +copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.

    • +
+
+
+

Cloning a repository

+

In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the git clone command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations:

+
    +

  • Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer.

    • +

  • The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository.

    • +

  • Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code.

    • +
+
+Cloning +
+

Cloning

+
+
+
+
+

Forking a repository

+

When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access.

+
    +

  • In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (main or master), and to other branches.

    • +

  • The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests.

    • +
+
+Forking +
+

Forking

+
+
+
+
+

Generating from templates and importing

+

There are two more ways to create “copies” of repositories into your user space:

+
    +

  • A repository can be marked as template and new repositories can be +generated from it, like using a cookie-cutter. +The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not +inherit the history of the template.

    • +
+
+Generating from a template +
+

Generating from a template.

+
+
+
    +

  • You can import a repository from another hosting service or web address. +This will preserve the history of the imported project.

    • +
+
+Importing a repository +
+

Importing a repository.

+
+
+
+
+

Discussion

+
    +

  • Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out +how many forks exist and where they are.

    • +

  • In which situations could it be useful to start from a “template” repository by generating?

    • +
+
+
+
+

Synchronizing changes between repositories

+
    +

  • We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories.

    • +

  • We will pull or fetch updates from remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch).

    • +

  • We will push updates to remote repositories.

    • +

  • We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (pull request).

    • +

  • Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: +We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the “central” repository).

    • +

  • A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +
+
+Forking and cloning +
+

Forking and cloning

+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/contributing/index.html b/branch/main/contributing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3cf550 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/contributing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching/discussion

    • +
+
+
+

Contributing very minor changes

+
    +

  • Clone or fork+clone repository

    • +

  • Create a branch

    • +

  • Commit and push change

    • +

  • Open a pull request or merge request

    • +
+
+
+

If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • Describe the problem

    • +

  • If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion

    • +

  • Possibly discuss and get feedback

    • +

  • If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it

    • +

  • Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Inform others about an observed problem

    • +

  • Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on

    • +
+
+
+
+

If you have an idea for a new feature

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature

    • +

  • Motivate why and how you wish to do this

    • +

  • Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback

    • +

  • Discuss and get feedback before you code

    • +

  • Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it

    • +

  • Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code which might be rejected

    • +

  • If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as +reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change

    • +
+
+
+
+

WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests

+
    +

  • Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with “WIP” or “Draft” are not to be merged yet

    • +

  • They are there to collect feedback on unfinished work

    • +

  • On GitHub you can create draft pull requests +which cannot be merged until marked ready for review.

    • +

  • Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with “WIP” or “Draft”)

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change

    • +

  • Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work

    • +
+
+
+
+

Licenses matter

+
    +

  • If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license

    • +

  • If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, clarify its license and +copyright with the submitter, before merging

    • +
+
+
+

How to make sure that you don’t merge malicious code

+

(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some)

+
    +

  • Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past +without all future hashes changing

    • +

  • Projects like https://github.com/torvalds/linux or https://github.com/Homebrew/brew +have to be extremely careful what they accept

    • +

  • Browse the code changes before merging them

    • +

  • If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information

    • +

  • Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know

    • +

  • Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity

    • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes.

    • +

  • Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/exercises/index.html b/branch/main/exercises/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a69881 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/exercises/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,435 @@ + + + + + + + List of exercises — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

In same-repository.md:

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Cloning a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Submit a pull request towards the main branch.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • If you create the changes locally, you will need to push them to the remote repository.

    • +

  • Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request.

    • +

  • Cross-referencing issues and pull requests.

    • +

  • Practice to review a pull request.

    • +

  • Learn about the value of draft pull requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the +issue number since you will need it later.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit +cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that).

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    5. +

  5. Review somebody else’s pull request and give constructive feedback.

    6. +

  6. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft +pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it +is not meant to be merged yet.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Practicing code review

+

In code-review.md:

+
+

Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing +the incomplete one and opening a new one.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also +deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review.

    2. +

  2. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    3. +

  3. As a reviewer to somebody else’s pull request, ask for an improvement and +also directly suggest a change for the small typo.

    4. +

  4. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change.

    5. +

  5. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open +a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch.

    6. +

  6. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

In forking-workflow.md:

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Forking a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    • +

  • Learning that your fork can get out of date.

    • +

  • After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes.

    • +

  • Learn how to approach other people’s repositories with ideas, changes, and requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the +change you want to make. Take note of the issue number.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. +See the walk-through below for how to do this.

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    5. +

  5. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes.

    6. +

  6. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people’s pull requests.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+

In bare-repos.md:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/forking-workflow-old/index.html b/branch/main/forking-workflow-old/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4642a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/forking-workflow-old/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,650 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +

  • Get comfortable with the forking workflow.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Forking layout

+
+Forking workflow +
+

Forking workflow. Red is the central repository, where only +owners have access. Green are forks on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). Blue are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer.

+
+
+

In the forking layout, again we call one repository the “central” +repository but people push to forks (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket).

+

Features:

+
    +

  • Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission +(to public projects).

    • +

  • Maintainer still has full control over what is merged.

    • +

  • Contributors now have more than one remote to work with.

    • +
+

This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples:

+ +
+

Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?

+
    +

  • It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else.

    • +

  • The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop.

    • +

  • The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling.

    • +

  • Backup.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Working with multiple remotes

+

In the forking layout described above we work with multiple remotes, +in this case two remotes: One remote refers to the “central” repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork.

+
    +

  • There is nothing special about the name origin. The origin is an alias/placeholder (think of “sticky note” referring to an URL).

    • +

  • We can name these aliases as we like.

    • +

  • We can add and remove remotes:

    +
    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote rm upstream
+
+$ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git
+$ git remote rm group-repo
+
+$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • To see all remotes:

    +
    $ git remote --verbose
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+

Warning

+

We will work with a new repository for this exercise!

+

For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the forking-workflow-exercise.

+
+
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Maintainer (team lead):

+ +

Learners in exercise team: Fork the newly created repository (not the +“coderefinery” one) and then clone your fork.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in git graph:

+
    +

  • git graph - almost every time. As a reminder, to define git graph use:

    +
    $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • git status - when you modify files.

    • +
+
+

Step A: Fork and clone

+

First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork).

+
+../_images/how-to-fork.png +
+

How to fork.

+
+
+

Then clone your fork to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL from the web browser. The URL should start with +git@github.com:. Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-1.svg
+

Forking followed by cloning.

+
+
+

This is how it looks after we fork:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
    +

  • A fork is basically a (bare) clone.

    • +

  • The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories.

    • +

  • When forking we copy all commits, all branches.

    • +
+

After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-01.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step B: Open an “issue” as a change proposal

+

Before we start any coding, open a new “Issue” on the central repository as a +“proposal” where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number.

+

Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding.

+
+
+

Step C: Modify and commit

+

Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example:

+
$ git branch myname-feature    # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose
+$ git switch myname-feature
+
+
+

On the new branch create a new file which will hold your recipe, +for instance traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md (but change the name). You can get inspired +here. Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!).

+

There is also a file called test.py which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +“taco” (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing.

+

Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message reference the issue which you have opened earlier with “this is my +commit message; closes #N” (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B).

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

And here is a picture of what just happened:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-02.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step D: Push your changes to the fork

+

Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than “myname-feature”. Also verify where “origin” points to.

+
$ git push origin myname-feature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step E: Open a pull request

+

Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository.

+
+

Pictorial representation for steps D and E

+
+../_images/forking-2.svg
+

Push followed by a pull request.

+
+
+

A pull-request means: “please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click”.

+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged:

+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F: View your pull request

+

Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory.

+

Wait here until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together.

+

Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain the right keywords).

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+

We do this step together. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks

+

We do this part after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated.

+

Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants.

+

Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork.

+

On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below):

+
+Updating the fork via GitHub web interface +
+

Updating the fork via GitHub web interface.

+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line

+

Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like origin or upstream.

+

Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork:

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main
+$ git push FORK-URL main
+
+
+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-3.svg
+

Pull followed by push to a different remote.

+
+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)

+

Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step.

+
$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL
+$ git fetch central
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-04.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git switch main
+$ git merge central/main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-05.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git push origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-04.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-06.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+../_images/remote.jpg +
+
    +

  • Luke Skywalker: You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.

    • +

  • Ben Kenobi: That’s good. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world.

    • +
+

[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope]

+
+

Discussion: Always create a feature branch

+

For each pull request create a new branch. Motivation:

+
    +

  • Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull +request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit +to branch).

    • +

  • History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository +does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/forking-workflow/index.html b/branch/main/forking-workflow/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b234c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/forking-workflow/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Forking a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    • +

  • Learning that your fork can get out of date.

    • +

  • After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes.

    • +

  • Learn how to approach other people’s repositories with ideas, changes, and requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the +change you want to make. Take note of the issue number.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. +See the walk-through below for how to do this.

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    5. +

  5. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes.

    6. +

  6. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people’s pull requests.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/genindex/index.html b/branch/main/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fe758c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ + + + + + + Index — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/guide/index.html b/branch/main/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52cb3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Schedule Day 3

+
    +

  • 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question

    • +

  • 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight

    • +

  • 09:15 - 09:30: Concepts around collaboration

    +
      +

    • Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch.

      • +

    • Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing.

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 09:30 - 11:00: Centralized workflow

    +
      +

    • 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts

      • +

    • 9:45 - 9:55: Break

      • +

    • 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome

      • +

    • 10:00 - 10:30: Exercise

      • +

    • 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break

    • +

  • 12:00 - 13:10: Distributed version control and forking workflow

    +
      +

    • 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes

      • +

    • 12:15 - 12:45: Exercise

      • +

    • 12:45 - 12:55 Break

      • +

    • 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 13:10 - 13:30: How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project and Q&A

    • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+

In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it’s essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The git-intro lesson +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub.

+

This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git.

+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+

By the end of this lesson, learners should:

+
    +

  • Understand the concept of remotes

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows

    • +

  • Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects

    • +

  • Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues

    • +

  • Know how to update a fork

    • +

  • Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer

    • +
+
+
+

Interesting questions you might get

+
    +

  • If participants run git graph they might notice origin/HEAD. This has been +omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the +default branch of the remote repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Timing

+
    +

  • The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, +so at least an hour is required for it.

    • +

  • The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only +introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the +time of the first episode.

    • +

  • The “How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project” episode can be +covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. +However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome.

    • +
+
+
+

Preparing exercises

+

Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about “maintainer” who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository.

+

Live stream:

+
    +

  • Create the centralized exercises in an organization (not under your username) so +that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you +can then fork yourself if needed.

    • +

  • For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under +https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises. The instructors or team leads need to have owner status in the organization in order to invite people.

    • +

  • We have created two versions of each a day in advance to signal which one might end up +being discussed on recording/stream:

    +
      +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise

      • +
    +
    • +

  • Protect the default branch of the two centralized-* repositories.

    • +

  • We create a organization team, stream-exercise-participants. The +centralized workflow exercise repos have this team added as a +collaborator (not forking - they fork so they don’t need write +access there).

    • +

  • We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via +issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, access-requests, +create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a +new issue in that repository. The day/morning before the day of the lesson the instructor or team leader now has to invite the learners to the team. Three steps: +1. copy the learners GitHub username from the issue +2. go to team member page, example linked here and invite that username to the team (this means first clicking invite and then scrolling down to click the “add username to …” button. This sends an email to that users email that is connected to their GitHub account. +3. In the issue, copy following text (or similar) to the issue and “close with comment”:

    +
    We have added you to the CodeRefinery exercise repository.
+
+What you should do before the exercise starts:
+
+You will get an invitation from GitHub to your email address (that GitHub knows about). Please accept that invitation so that you can participate in the collaborative exercise.
+To make sure you don't get too many emails during the exercise, don't forget to "unwatch" both https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise and https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded.
+To "unwatch", go to the repository and click the "Unwatch" button (top middle of the screen) and then select "Participating and @mentions".
+
    +
    +
    • +
+

``

+ +
+
+

Typical pitfalls

+
+

Difference between pull and pull requests

+

The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc.

+
+
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch

+

The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained.

+
+
+
+

Other practical aspects

+
    +

  • In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so +that they can see the screens. From the beginning.

    • +

  • Emphasize use of git graph a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/hooks/index.html b/branch/main/hooks/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6212428 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/hooks/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + + + + + + Hooks — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Hooks

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+

Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to trigger scripts +which take care of some tasks. Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks.

+
+

Client-side hooks

+

You can find and edit them here:

+
$ ls -l .git/hooks/
+
+
+
    +

  • pre-commit: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass)

    • +

  • prepare-commit-msg: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages)

    • +

  • commit-msg: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern)

    • +

  • post-commit: after commit process (example: notification)

    • +

  • pre-rebase: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits)

    • +

  • post-rewrite: run by commands that rewrite commits

    • +

  • post-checkout: after successful git checkout (example: generating documentation)

    • +

  • post-merge: after successful merge

    • +

  • pre-push: runs during git push before any objects have been transferred

    • +

  • pre-auto-gc: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place

    • +
+

See also https://pre-commit.com, +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

+

Example for a pre-commit hook which checks whether a Python code is PEP 8-compliant +using pycodestyle:

+
#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# ignore errors due to too long lines
+pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/
+
+
+
+
+

Server-side hooks

+

You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab.

+
    +

  • pre-receive: before accepting any references

    • +

  • update: like pre-receive but runs once per pushed branch

    • +

  • post-receive: after entire process is completed

    • +

  • Typical use:

    +
      +

    • Maintenance work

      • +

    • Automated tests

      • +

    • Refreshing of documentation/website

      • +

    • Sanity checks

      • +

    • Code style checks

      • +

    • Email notification

      • +

    • Rebuilding software packages

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services

+

GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. git push or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible.

+

These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly.

+

You can read more about these services here:

+ +

In our projects we use these services to:

+
    +

  • Build websites

    • +

  • Build documentation

    • +

  • Run tests

    • +

  • Create containers

    • +

  • Package and upload packages

    • +

  • Spellchecking

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/index.html b/branch/main/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79990d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborative distributed version control — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborative distributed version control

+

We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing?

+
    +

  • Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: +This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult +keep all copies synchronized.

    • +

  • One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of +more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition.

    • +

  • Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. +Good for small groups.

    • +

  • Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without +advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with.

    • +
+

Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +transformative (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +This can’t be done without proper tools.

+

In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services. We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  1. Basic understanding of Git.

    2. +

  2. You need a GitHub account.

    3. +
+

We will do this exercise on GitHub but also +GitLab and +Bitbucket allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +GitHub. We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +GitHub because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +GitHub-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform.

+
+
+

Core lesson

+ +
+
+

Older episodes

+ +
+
+

Optional episodes

+ +
+
+

Reference

+ +
+
+

About

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/lesson.pdf b/branch/main/lesson.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c80c905 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/lesson.pdf differ diff --git a/branch/main/objects.inv b/branch/main/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..172596e Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/objects.inv differ diff --git a/branch/main/reference/index.html b/branch/main/reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..562c47a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ + + + + + + + Quick reference — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick reference

+
+

Other cheatsheets

+

See the git-intro cheatsheet for +the basics.

+ +
+
+

Glossary

+
    +

  • remote: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A +repository can be linked to several other remotes.

    • +

  • push: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository

    • +

  • fetch: Update your view of another repository

    • +

  • pull: Fetch (above) and then merge

    • +

  • origin: Default name for a remote repository.

    • +

  • origin/NAME: A branch name which represents a remote branch.

    • +

  • main: Default name for main branch.

    • +

  • merge: Combine the changes on two branches.

    • +

  • conflict: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, +git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the +conflict to the user to resolve.

    • +

  • issue: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion +related to a repository.

    • +

  • pull request: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a +code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In +Gitlab, called “merge request”.

    • +

  • git hook: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for +example to do tests before allowing you to commit.

    • +

  • bare repository: A copy of a repository that only is only the .git +directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names +usually like something.git

    • +
+
+
+

Commands we use

+

This excludes most introduced in the git-intro +cheatsheet.

+

Setup:

+
    +

  • git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]: Make a copy of existing +repository at <url>, containing all history.

    • +
+

Status:

+
    +

  • git status: Same as in basic git, list status

    • +

  • git remote [-v]: List all remotes

    • +

  • git graph: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command +with git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"

    • +
+

General work:

+
    +

  • git switch BRANCH-NAME: Make a branch active.

    • +

  • git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]: Send commits and +update the branch on the remote.

    • +

  • git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]: Fetch and then merge +automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch +and merge separately.

    • +

  • git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]: Get commits from the remote. Doesn’t +update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches +(like origin/NAME).

    • +

  • git merge [BRANCH-NAME]: Updates your current branch with +changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is +tracking by default.

    • +

  • git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL: Adds a new remote with a +certain name.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/same-repository-old/index.html b/branch/main/same-repository-old/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98eba5e --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/same-repository-old/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,702 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborating within the same repository — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow.

    • +

  • Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Meaning of “central” in a distributed version control

+

In this episode, we will explore the usage of a centralized workflow for collaborating online on a project +within one repository on GitHub. This means that everyone has +access to that central repository - convenient (but doesn’t scale to a huge +project).

+

In the next section, we will see that Git is +distributed version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just “everything connects to one central server”.

+
+
+

Centralized layout

+
+Centralized layout +
+

Centralized layout. Red is the repository on GitHub. Blue is +where all contributors work on their own computers.

+
+
+

Features:

+
    +

  • Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows).

    • +

  • Suited for cases where all developers are in the same group or organization or project.

    • +

  • Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access.

    • +

  • Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically main or master).

    • +
+

Real life examples:

+ +
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+

In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (maintainer) will create the exercise repository, and +collaborators will contribute to it. We’ll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls.

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+
    +

  • Form not too large groups (4-5 persons).

    • +

  • Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared +GitHub repository: the maintainer. +This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else +is a collaborator.

    • +

  • The maintainer (one person per group) generates a new repository +from the template https://github.com/coderefinery/template-centralized-workflow-exercise +called centralized-workflow-exercise (There is no need to tick “Include all branches” for this exercise):

    +
    +Screenshot of generating the exercise repository +
    +
    • +

  • Then everyone in your group needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository:

    +
      +

    • Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer.

      • +

    • Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL.

      • +

    • Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator).

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
    +

  • Don’t forget to accept the invitation

    +
      +

    • Check https://github.com/settings/organizations/

      • +

    • Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with +GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don’t receive it +you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The +maintainer can also “copy invite link” and share it within the group.

      • +
    +
    • +
+
    +

  • Watching and unwatching repositories

    +
      +

    • Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull +requests via email.

      • +

    • If you do not wish this, you can “unwatch” a repository (top of +the project page).

      • +

    • However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested +in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the +activity that come through a popular project.

      • +
    +
    +Unwatching a repository +
    +

    Unwatch a repository by clicking “Unwatch” in the repository view, +then “Participating and @mentions” - this way, you will get +notifications about your own interactions.

    +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Hint for breakout rooms

+

If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository’s maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers!

+
+
+

Step A. Clone your maintainer’s group repository

+
$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Where REPOSITORY-URL is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer.

+

Clone using the SSH path you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +git@github.com:), not the one that starts with https://github.com. +Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Representation of what happens when you clone

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/01-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+

Here and in what follows, “c1” is a commit, “b1” etc. are commits on side branches +and “m1” is a merge commit.

+
    +

  • We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include all branches when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (initial commit).

    • +

  • git clone creates pointers origin/main so you can see the branches of the origin.

    • +

  • origin refers to where we cloned from.

    • +

  • origin is a shortcut for the full URL.

    • +

  • origin/main is a read-only pointer.

    • +

  • The branches starting with origin/ only move during git pull or git fetch or git push.

    • +

  • Only git pull or git fetch or git push require network.

    • +

  • All other operations are local operations.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory

+
$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using git remote -v.

+
+
+

Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit

+

Create a branch from the current main. Also adapt “yourname-somefeature” to a better name:

+
$ git branch yourname-somefeature main
+$ git switch yourname-somefeature
+
+
+

The yourname- prefix has no special meaning here (not like origin/): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it.

+
+
+

Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt

+

In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don’t share something you +don’t want to become public for the duration of the exercise).

+
+
+

Step E. Stage and commit the change

+
$ git add yourusername.txt
+$ git commit
+
+
+
+

The commit only exists locally

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F. Push your change as a new branch

+
$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Now the commit also exists on the remote repository

+
+../_images/04-remote.svg
+

remote or central (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+

Meaning of -u

+

The -u or --set-upstream will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages:

+
    +

  • If you from here on only type git push or git pull without branchname, Git will know what branch you +refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where +you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly.

    • +

  • When you type git status, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch +that it tracks.

    • +
+

However, also without the -u this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time.

+
+
+
+

Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits

+

After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see.

+
+
+

Step H. Submit a pull request

+

Submit a pull request from your branch towards the main branch. +Do this through the web interface.

+

Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with almost no work on the maintainer’s side - a big win.

+

There are several options to open a pull request:

+
    +

  • Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab

    • +

  • Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button “Compare & pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Pull requests” on top of the GitHub repository and either “Compare & pull request” or “New pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Branches” and then “New pull request” from the respective branch

    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request.

+
    +

  • When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when submitting.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when reviewing.

    • +
+
+
+

Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests

+

We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged

+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Finally also discuss the “network” on GitHub.

+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests:

+ +
+
+

Discussion

+

Naming

+
    +

  • In GitLab or BitBucket these are named merge requests, not pull requests.

    • +

  • Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which +context? (The name pull request may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode).

    • +

  • It can be useful to think of them as change proposals.

    • +
+

Pull requests can be used for code review

+
    +

  • We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group.

    • +

  • Collaborative learning

    • +

  • OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers

    • +

  • In our example everyone has write access to the “central” repository.

    • +
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch

+
    +

  • They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch.

    • +

  • Not from commit to branch.

    • +

  • Pull requests create new commits on the target branch.

    • +

  • They do not create new branches.

    • +
+

Protected branches

+
    +

  • A good setting for large projects is to make the main branch protected and all changes to it have to go +through code review.

    • +

  • Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects.

    • +
+

Read more

+ +
+
+
+

Step 2B. Update your local copy

+

Your branch yourname-somefeature is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions.

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/07-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Optional exercises

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+

Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches

+

If there is a remote branch somefeature, we can create a local branch and start tracking origin/somefeature like this:

+
$ git switch somefeature
+
+
+

Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it:

+
$ git pull origin somefeature
+$ git push origin somefeature
+
+
+

We can also delete remote branches:

+
$ git push origin --delete somefeature
+
+
+
+
+

Creating pull requests from the command line

+

There are several possibilties:

+ +
+
+

How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator

+

Visit https://github.com/settings/repositories where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to.

+
+
+

GitHub/GitLab organizations

+
    +

  • Projects often start under a personal namespace.

    • +

  • If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, +one can share projects under an “organization”.

    • +

  • You can then invite collaborators to an organization.

    • +

  • This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: https://github.com/coderefinery

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work.

    • +

  • origin refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it).

    • +

  • origin/mybranch is a read-only pointer to branch mybranch on origin.

    • +

  • These read-only pointers only move when you git fetch/git pull or git push.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/same-repository/index.html b/branch/main/same-repository/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bf4176 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/same-repository/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborating within the same repository — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Cloning a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Submit a pull request towards the main branch.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • If you create the changes locally, you will need to push them to the remote repository.

    • +

  • Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request.

    • +

  • Cross-referencing issues and pull requests.

    • +

  • Practice to review a pull request.

    • +

  • Learn about the value of draft pull requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the +issue number since you will need it later.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit +cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that).

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    5. +

  5. Review somebody else’s pull request and give constructive feedback.

    6. +

  6. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft +pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it +is not meant to be merged yet.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/search/index.html b/branch/main/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ae0615 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ + + + + + + Search — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Search
    • +
  • +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/searchindex.js b/branch/main/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a196c1a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["bare-repos", "code-review", "concepts", "contributing", "exercises", "forking-workflow", "forking-workflow-old", "guide", "hooks", "index", "reference", "same-repository", "same-repository-old"], "filenames": ["bare-repos.md", "code-review.md", "concepts.md", "contributing.md", "exercises.md", "forking-workflow.md", "forking-workflow-old.md", "guide.md", "hooks.md", "index.md", "reference.md", "same-repository.md", "same-repository-old.md"], "titles": ["Non-bare and bare repositories", "Practicing code review", "Concepts around collaboration", "How to contribute changes to somebody else\u2019s project", "List of exercises", "How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others", "How to contribute changes to repositories that 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Clone your maintainer\u2019s group repository": [[12, "step-a-clone-your-maintainer-s-group-repository"]], "Representation of what happens when you clone": [[12, null]], "Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory": [[12, "step-b-change-directory-into-the-newly-created-directory"]], "Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit": [[12, "step-c-create-a-branch-yourname-somefeature-pointing-at-your-commit"]], "Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt": [[12, "step-d-create-a-file-with-a-unique-name-e-g-yourusername-txt"]], "Step E. Stage and commit the change": [[12, "step-e-stage-and-commit-the-change"]], "The commit only exists locally": [[12, null]], "Step F. Push your change as a new branch": [[12, "step-f-push-your-change-as-a-new-branch"]], "Now the commit also exists on the remote repository": [[12, null]], "Meaning of -u": [[12, null]], "Step G. 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new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/basic.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); + var top = secProperties['top']; + var height = secProperties['height'] + var win_height = window.innerHeight; + //console.info(top, height, win_height) + + var scroll_to = 0; + if (height >= win_height || height == 0) { + scroll_to = top; + } else { + scroll_to = top - (win_height-height)/3.; + } + //console.info(top, height, win_height, scroll_to) + + $('html, body').animate({ + scrollTop: scroll_to //+ 'px' + }, 'fast'); + +} + + +function minipres() { + /* Enable the minipres mode: + - call the hide() function + - set up the scrolling listener + */ + document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) { + switch(event.which) { + case 37: // left + switch_slide(-1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 38: // up + case 39: // right + switch_slide(+1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 40: // down + default: + return; // exit this handler for other keys + } + }, true) + + hide() + + // Increase space between sections + //$("div .section").css('margin-bottom', '50%'); 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+} + +/* Math align to the left */ +.cell_output .MathJax_Display { + text-align: left !important; +} + +/* Pandas tables. Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for 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background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C145] { + color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC145] { + background-color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C146] { + color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC146] { + background-color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C147] { + color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC147] { + background-color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C148] { + color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC148] { + background-color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C149] { + color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC149] { + background-color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C150] { + color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC150] { + background-color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C151] { + color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC151] { + background-color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C152] { + color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC152] { + background-color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C153] { + color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC153] { + background-color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C154] { + color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC154] { + background-color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C155] { + color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC155] { + background-color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C156] { + color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC156] { + background-color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C157] { + color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC157] { + background-color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C158] { + color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC158] { + background-color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C159] { + color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC159] { + background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC174] { + background-color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C175] { + color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC175] { + background-color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C176] { + color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC176] { + background-color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C177] { + color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC177] { + background-color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C178] { + color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC178] { + background-color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C179] { + color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC179] { + background-color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C180] { + color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC180] { + background-color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C181] { + color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC181] { + background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C211] { + color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC211] { + background-color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C212] { + color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC212] { + background-color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C213] { + color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC213] { + background-color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C214] { + color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC214] { + background-color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C215] { + color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC215] { + background-color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C216] { + color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC216] { + background-color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C217] { + color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC217] { + background-color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C218] { + color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC218] { + background-color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C219] { + color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC219] { + background-color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C220] { + color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC220] { + background-color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C221] { + color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC221] { + background-color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C222] { + color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC222] { + background-color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C223] { + color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC223] { + background-color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C224] { + color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC224] { + background-color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C225] { + color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC225] { + background-color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C226] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC226] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C227] { + color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC227] { + background-color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C228] { + color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC228] { + background-color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C229] { + color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC229] { + background-color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C230] { + color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC230] { + background-color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C231] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC231] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C232] { + color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC232] { + background-color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C233] { + color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC233] { + background-color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C234] { + color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC234] { + background-color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C235] { + color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC235] { + background-color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C236] { + color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC236] { + background-color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C237] { + color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC237] { + background-color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C238] { + color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC238] { + background-color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C239] { + color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC239] { + background-color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C240] { + color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC240] { + background-color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C241] { + color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC241] { + background-color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C242] { + color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC242] { + background-color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C243] { + color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC243] { + background-color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C244] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC244] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C245] { + color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC245] { + background-color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C246] { + color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC246] { + background-color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C247] { + color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC247] { + background-color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C248] { + color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC248] { + background-color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C249] { + color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC249] { + background-color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C250] { + color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC250] { + background-color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C251] { + color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC251] { + background-color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C252] { + color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC252] { + background-color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C253] { + color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC253] { + background-color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C254] { + color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC254] { + background-color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C255] { + color: #EEEEEE +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC255] { + background-color: #EEEEEE +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/plus.png b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/plus.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7107cec Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/plus.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84ab303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +pre { line-height: 125%; } +td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc } +.highlight { background: #f8f8f8; } +.highlight .c { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment */ +.highlight .err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */ +.highlight .k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */ +.highlight .o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */ +.highlight .cm { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */ +.highlight .cp { color: #9C6500 } /* Comment.Preproc */ +.highlight .cpf { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */ +.highlight .cs { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */ +.highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */ +.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */ +.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */ 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+.highlight .s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */ +.highlight .ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */ +.highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ +.highlight .fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */ +.highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */ +.highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */ +.highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ +.highlight .vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */ +.highlight .il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7918c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +/* + * searchtools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +/** + * Simple result scoring code. + */ +if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '

' + + '' + + _("Hide Search Matches") + + "

" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/index.html b/branch/main/singlehtml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c33af4c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1963 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Collaborative distributed version control documentation
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborative distributed version control

+

We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing?

+
    +

  • Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: +This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult +keep all copies synchronized.

    • +

  • One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of +more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition.

    • +

  • Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. +Good for small groups.

    • +

  • Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without +advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with.

    • +
+

Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +transformative (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +This can’t be done without proper tools.

+

In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services. We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  1. Basic understanding of Git.

    2. +

  2. You need a GitHub account.

    3. +
+

We will do this exercise on GitHub but also +GitLab and +Bitbucket allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +GitHub. We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +GitHub because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +GitHub-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform.

+
+
+
+

Concepts around collaboration

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching

    • +
+
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute?

    • +

  • We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back.

    • +

  • Then, we make a “pull request” that allows a review.

    • +

  • Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes +to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external +contributors.

    • +
+
+
+

Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones

+
    +

  • repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).

    • +

  • commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).

    • +

  • branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main.

    • +

  • tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque +that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).

    • +

  • cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one.

    • +

  • forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your +copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.

    • +
+
+
+

Cloning a repository

+

In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the git clone command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations:

+
    +

  • Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer.

    • +

  • The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository.

    • +

  • Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code.

    • +
+
+Cloning +
+

Cloning

+
+
+
+
+

Forking a repository

+

When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access.

+
    +

  • In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (main or master), and to other branches.

    • +

  • The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests.

    • +
+
+Forking +
+

Forking

+
+
+
+
+

Generating from templates and importing

+

There are two more ways to create “copies” of repositories into your user space:

+
    +

  • A repository can be marked as template and new repositories can be +generated from it, like using a cookie-cutter. +The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not +inherit the history of the template.

    • +
+
+Generating from a template +
+

Generating from a template.

+
+
+
    +

  • You can import a repository from another hosting service or web address. +This will preserve the history of the imported project.

    • +
+
+Importing a repository +
+

Importing a repository.

+
+
+
+
+

Discussion

+
    +

  • Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out +how many forks exist and where they are.

    • +

  • In which situations could it be useful to start from a “template” repository by generating?

    • +
+
+
+
+

Synchronizing changes between repositories

+
    +

  • We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories.

    • +

  • We will pull or fetch updates from remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch).

    • +

  • We will push updates to remote repositories.

    • +

  • We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (pull request).

    • +

  • Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: +We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the “central” repository).

    • +

  • A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +
+
+Forking and cloning +
+

Forking and cloning

+
+
+
+
+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Cloning a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Submit a pull request towards the main branch.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • If you create the changes locally, you will need to push them to the remote repository.

    • +

  • Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request.

    • +

  • Cross-referencing issues and pull requests.

    • +

  • Practice to review a pull request.

    • +

  • Learn about the value of draft pull requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the +issue number since you will need it later.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit +cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that).

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    5. +

  5. Review somebody else’s pull request and give constructive feedback.

    6. +

  6. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft +pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it +is not meant to be merged yet.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+
+

Practicing code review

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing +the incomplete one and opening a new one.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also +deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review.

    2. +

  2. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    3. +

  3. As a reviewer to somebody else’s pull request, ask for an improvement and +also directly suggest a change for the small typo.

    4. +

  4. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change.

    5. +

  5. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open +a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch.

    6. +

  6. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Forking a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    • +

  • Learning that your fork can get out of date.

    • +

  • After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes.

    • +

  • Learn how to approach other people’s repositories with ideas, changes, and requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the +change you want to make. Take note of the issue number.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. +See the walk-through below for how to do this.

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    5. +

  5. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes.

    6. +

  6. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people’s pull requests.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow.

    • +

  • Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Meaning of “central” in a distributed version control

+

In this episode, we will explore the usage of a centralized workflow for collaborating online on a project +within one repository on GitHub. This means that everyone has +access to that central repository - convenient (but doesn’t scale to a huge +project).

+

In the next section, we will see that Git is +distributed version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just “everything connects to one central server”.

+
+
+

Centralized layout

+
+Centralized layout +
+

Centralized layout. Red is the repository on GitHub. Blue is +where all contributors work on their own computers.

+
+
+

Features:

+
    +

  • Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows).

    • +

  • Suited for cases where all developers are in the same group or organization or project.

    • +

  • Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access.

    • +

  • Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically main or master).

    • +
+

Real life examples:

+ +
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+

In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (maintainer) will create the exercise repository, and +collaborators will contribute to it. We’ll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls.

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+
    +

  • Form not too large groups (4-5 persons).

    • +

  • Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared +GitHub repository: the maintainer. +This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else +is a collaborator.

    • +

  • The maintainer (one person per group) generates a new repository +from the template https://github.com/coderefinery/template-centralized-workflow-exercise +called centralized-workflow-exercise (There is no need to tick “Include all branches” for this exercise):

    +
    +Screenshot of generating the exercise repository +
    +
    • +

  • Then everyone in your group needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository:

    +
      +

    • Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer.

      • +

    • Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL.

      • +

    • Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator).

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
    +

  • Don’t forget to accept the invitation

    +
      +

    • Check https://github.com/settings/organizations/

      • +

    • Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with +GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don’t receive it +you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The +maintainer can also “copy invite link” and share it within the group.

      • +
    +
    • +
+
    +

  • Watching and unwatching repositories

    +
      +

    • Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull +requests via email.

      • +

    • If you do not wish this, you can “unwatch” a repository (top of +the project page).

      • +

    • However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested +in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the +activity that come through a popular project.

      • +
    +
    +Unwatching a repository +
    +

    Unwatch a repository by clicking “Unwatch” in the repository view, +then “Participating and @mentions” - this way, you will get +notifications about your own interactions.

    +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Hint for breakout rooms

+

If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository’s maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers!

+
+
+

Step A. Clone your maintainer’s group repository

+
$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Where REPOSITORY-URL is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer.

+

Clone using the SSH path you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +git@github.com:), not the one that starts with https://github.com. +Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Representation of what happens when you clone

+
+_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/01-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+

Here and in what follows, “c1” is a commit, “b1” etc. are commits on side branches +and “m1” is a merge commit.

+
    +

  • We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include all branches when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (initial commit).

    • +

  • git clone creates pointers origin/main so you can see the branches of the origin.

    • +

  • origin refers to where we cloned from.

    • +

  • origin is a shortcut for the full URL.

    • +

  • origin/main is a read-only pointer.

    • +

  • The branches starting with origin/ only move during git pull or git fetch or git push.

    • +

  • Only git pull or git fetch or git push require network.

    • +

  • All other operations are local operations.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory

+
$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using git remote -v.

+
+
+

Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit

+

Create a branch from the current main. Also adapt “yourname-somefeature” to a better name:

+
$ git branch yourname-somefeature main
+$ git switch yourname-somefeature
+
+
+

The yourname- prefix has no special meaning here (not like origin/): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it.

+
+
+

Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt

+

In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don’t share something you +don’t want to become public for the duration of the exercise).

+
+
+

Step E. Stage and commit the change

+
$ git add yourusername.txt
+$ git commit
+
+
+
+

The commit only exists locally

+
+_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F. Push your change as a new branch

+
$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Now the commit also exists on the remote repository

+
+_images/04-remote.svg
+

remote or central (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+

Meaning of -u

+

The -u or --set-upstream will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages:

+
    +

  • If you from here on only type git push or git pull without branchname, Git will know what branch you +refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where +you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly.

    • +

  • When you type git status, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch +that it tracks.

    • +
+

However, also without the -u this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time.

+
+
+
+

Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits

+

After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see.

+
+
+

Step H. Submit a pull request

+

Submit a pull request from your branch towards the main branch. +Do this through the web interface.

+

Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with almost no work on the maintainer’s side - a big win.

+

There are several options to open a pull request:

+
    +

  • Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab

    • +

  • Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button “Compare & pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Pull requests” on top of the GitHub repository and either “Compare & pull request” or “New pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Branches” and then “New pull request” from the respective branch

    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request.

+
    +

  • When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when submitting.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when reviewing.

    • +
+
+
+

Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests

+

We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged

+
+_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/04-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Finally also discuss the “network” on GitHub.

+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests:

+ +
+
+

Discussion

+

Naming

+
    +

  • In GitLab or BitBucket these are named merge requests, not pull requests.

    • +

  • Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which +context? (The name pull request may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode).

    • +

  • It can be useful to think of them as change proposals.

    • +
+

Pull requests can be used for code review

+
    +

  • We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group.

    • +

  • Collaborative learning

    • +

  • OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers

    • +

  • In our example everyone has write access to the “central” repository.

    • +
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch

+
    +

  • They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch.

    • +

  • Not from commit to branch.

    • +

  • Pull requests create new commits on the target branch.

    • +

  • They do not create new branches.

    • +
+

Protected branches

+
    +

  • A good setting for large projects is to make the main branch protected and all changes to it have to go +through code review.

    • +

  • Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects.

    • +
+

Read more

+ +
+
+
+

Step 2B. Update your local copy

+

Your branch yourname-somefeature is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions.

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull origin main
+
+
+
+_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/07-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Optional exercises

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+

Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches

+

If there is a remote branch somefeature, we can create a local branch and start tracking origin/somefeature like this:

+
$ git switch somefeature
+
+
+

Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it:

+
$ git pull origin somefeature
+$ git push origin somefeature
+
+
+

We can also delete remote branches:

+
$ git push origin --delete somefeature
+
+
+
+
+

Creating pull requests from the command line

+

There are several possibilties:

+ +
+
+

How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator

+

Visit https://github.com/settings/repositories where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to.

+
+
+

GitHub/GitLab organizations

+
    +

  • Projects often start under a personal namespace.

    • +

  • If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, +one can share projects under an “organization”.

    • +

  • You can then invite collaborators to an organization.

    • +

  • This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: https://github.com/coderefinery

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work.

    • +

  • origin refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it).

    • +

  • origin/mybranch is a read-only pointer to branch mybranch on origin.

    • +

  • These read-only pointers only move when you git fetch/git pull or git push.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +

  • Get comfortable with the forking workflow.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Forking layout

+
+Forking workflow +
+

Forking workflow. Red is the central repository, where only +owners have access. Green are forks on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). Blue are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer.

+
+
+

In the forking layout, again we call one repository the “central” +repository but people push to forks (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket).

+

Features:

+
    +

  • Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission +(to public projects).

    • +

  • Maintainer still has full control over what is merged.

    • +

  • Contributors now have more than one remote to work with.

    • +
+

This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples:

+ +
+

Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?

+
    +

  • It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else.

    • +

  • The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop.

    • +

  • The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling.

    • +

  • Backup.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Working with multiple remotes

+

In the forking layout described above we work with multiple remotes, +in this case two remotes: One remote refers to the “central” repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork.

+
    +

  • There is nothing special about the name origin. The origin is an alias/placeholder (think of “sticky note” referring to an URL).

    • +

  • We can name these aliases as we like.

    • +

  • We can add and remove remotes:

    +
    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote rm upstream
+
+$ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git
+$ git remote rm group-repo
+
+$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • To see all remotes:

    +
    $ git remote --verbose
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+

Warning

+

We will work with a new repository for this exercise!

+

For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the forking-workflow-exercise.

+
+
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Maintainer (team lead):

+ +

Learners in exercise team: Fork the newly created repository (not the +“coderefinery” one) and then clone your fork.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in git graph:

+
    +

  • git graph - almost every time. As a reminder, to define git graph use:

    +
    $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • git status - when you modify files.

    • +
+
+

Step A: Fork and clone

+

First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork).

+
+_images/how-to-fork.png +
+

How to fork.

+
+
+

Then clone your fork to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL from the web browser. The URL should start with +git@github.com:. Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+_images/forking-1.svg
+

Forking followed by cloning.

+
+
+

This is how it looks after we fork:

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
    +

  • A fork is basically a (bare) clone.

    • +

  • The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories.

    • +

  • When forking we copy all commits, all branches.

    • +
+

After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories:

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-01.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step B: Open an “issue” as a change proposal

+

Before we start any coding, open a new “Issue” on the central repository as a +“proposal” where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number.

+

Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding.

+
+
+

Step C: Modify and commit

+

Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example:

+
$ git branch myname-feature    # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose
+$ git switch myname-feature
+
+
+

On the new branch create a new file which will hold your recipe, +for instance traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md (but change the name). You can get inspired +here. Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!).

+

There is also a file called test.py which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +“taco” (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing.

+

Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message reference the issue which you have opened earlier with “this is my +commit message; closes #N” (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B).

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

And here is a picture of what just happened:

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-02.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step D: Push your changes to the fork

+

Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than “myname-feature”. Also verify where “origin” points to.

+
$ git push origin myname-feature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step E: Open a pull request

+

Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository.

+
+

Pictorial representation for steps D and E

+
+_images/forking-2.svg
+

Push followed by a pull request.

+
+
+

A pull-request means: “please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click”.

+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged:

+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F: View your pull request

+

Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory.

+

Wait here until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together.

+

Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain the right keywords).

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+

We do this step together. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks

+

We do this part after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated.

+

Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants.

+

Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork.

+

On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below):

+
+Updating the fork via GitHub web interface +
+

Updating the fork via GitHub web interface.

+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line

+

Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like origin or upstream.

+

Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork:

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main
+$ git push FORK-URL main
+
+
+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+_images/forking-3.svg
+

Pull followed by push to a different remote.

+
+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)

+

Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step.

+
$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL
+$ git fetch central
+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-04.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git switch main
+$ git merge central/main
+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-05.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git push origin main
+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-04.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-06.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+_images/remote.jpg +
+
    +

  • Luke Skywalker: You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.

    • +

  • Ben Kenobi: That’s good. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world.

    • +
+

[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope]

+
+

Discussion: Always create a feature branch

+

For each pull request create a new branch. Motivation:

+
    +

  • Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull +request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit +to branch).

    • +

  • History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository +does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching/discussion

    • +
+
+
+

Contributing very minor changes

+
    +

  • Clone or fork+clone repository

    • +

  • Create a branch

    • +

  • Commit and push change

    • +

  • Open a pull request or merge request

    • +
+
+
+

If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • Describe the problem

    • +

  • If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion

    • +

  • Possibly discuss and get feedback

    • +

  • If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it

    • +

  • Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Inform others about an observed problem

    • +

  • Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on

    • +
+
+
+
+

If you have an idea for a new feature

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature

    • +

  • Motivate why and how you wish to do this

    • +

  • Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback

    • +

  • Discuss and get feedback before you code

    • +

  • Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it

    • +

  • Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code which might be rejected

    • +

  • If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as +reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change

    • +
+
+
+
+

WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests

+
    +

  • Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with “WIP” or “Draft” are not to be merged yet

    • +

  • They are there to collect feedback on unfinished work

    • +

  • On GitHub you can create draft pull requests +which cannot be merged until marked ready for review.

    • +

  • Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with “WIP” or “Draft”)

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change

    • +

  • Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work

    • +
+
+
+
+

Licenses matter

+
    +

  • If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license

    • +

  • If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, clarify its license and +copyright with the submitter, before merging

    • +
+
+
+

How to make sure that you don’t merge malicious code

+

(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some)

+
    +

  • Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past +without all future hashes changing

    • +

  • Projects like https://github.com/torvalds/linux or https://github.com/Homebrew/brew +have to be extremely careful what they accept

    • +

  • Browse the code changes before merging them

    • +

  • If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information

    • +

  • Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know

    • +

  • Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity

    • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes.

    • +

  • Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Hooks

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+

Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to trigger scripts +which take care of some tasks. Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks.

+
+

Client-side hooks

+

You can find and edit them here:

+
$ ls -l .git/hooks/
+
+
+
    +

  • pre-commit: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass)

    • +

  • prepare-commit-msg: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages)

    • +

  • commit-msg: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern)

    • +

  • post-commit: after commit process (example: notification)

    • +

  • pre-rebase: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits)

    • +

  • post-rewrite: run by commands that rewrite commits

    • +

  • post-checkout: after successful git checkout (example: generating documentation)

    • +

  • post-merge: after successful merge

    • +

  • pre-push: runs during git push before any objects have been transferred

    • +

  • pre-auto-gc: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place

    • +
+

See also https://pre-commit.com, +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

+

Example for a pre-commit hook which checks whether a Python code is PEP 8-compliant +using pycodestyle:

+
#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# ignore errors due to too long lines
+pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/
+
+
+
+
+

Server-side hooks

+

You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab.

+
    +

  • pre-receive: before accepting any references

    • +

  • update: like pre-receive but runs once per pushed branch

    • +

  • post-receive: after entire process is completed

    • +

  • Typical use:

    +
      +

    • Maintenance work

      • +

    • Automated tests

      • +

    • Refreshing of documentation/website

      • +

    • Sanity checks

      • +

    • Code style checks

      • +

    • Email notification

      • +

    • Rebuilding software packages

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services

+

GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. git push or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible.

+

These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly.

+

You can read more about these services here:

+ +

In our projects we use these services to:

+
    +

  • Build websites

    • +

  • Build documentation

    • +

  • Run tests

    • +

  • Create containers

    • +

  • Package and upload packages

    • +

  • Spellchecking

    • +
+
+
+
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories.

    • +

  • Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+
+

Non-bare repository

+
    +

  • A non-bare repository contains .git/ as well as a snapshot of your +tracked files that you can directly edit called the working tree (the +actual files you can edit).

    • +

  • This is where we edit and commit changes.

    • +

  • When we create a repository with git init, it is a non-bare, “normal”, repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Bare repository

+
    +

  • A bare repository contains only the .git/ part, no files you can directly edit.

    • +

  • By convention the names of bare repositories end with .git to emphasize this.

    • +

  • We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository.

    • +

  • GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository.

    • +

  • You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository.

    • +
+

If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • We do programming work inside non-bare repositories.

    • +

  • We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Quick reference

+
+

Other cheatsheets

+

See the git-intro cheatsheet for +the basics.

+ +
+
+

Glossary

+
    +

  • remote: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A +repository can be linked to several other remotes.

    • +

  • push: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository

    • +

  • fetch: Update your view of another repository

    • +

  • pull: Fetch (above) and then merge

    • +

  • origin: Default name for a remote repository.

    • +

  • origin/NAME: A branch name which represents a remote branch.

    • +

  • main: Default name for main branch.

    • +

  • merge: Combine the changes on two branches.

    • +

  • conflict: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, +git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the +conflict to the user to resolve.

    • +

  • issue: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion +related to a repository.

    • +

  • pull request: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a +code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In +Gitlab, called “merge request”.

    • +

  • git hook: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for +example to do tests before allowing you to commit.

    • +

  • bare repository: A copy of a repository that only is only the .git +directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names +usually like something.git

    • +
+
+
+

Commands we use

+

This excludes most introduced in the git-intro +cheatsheet.

+

Setup:

+
    +

  • git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]: Make a copy of existing +repository at <url>, containing all history.

    • +
+

Status:

+
    +

  • git status: Same as in basic git, list status

    • +

  • git remote [-v]: List all remotes

    • +

  • git graph: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command +with git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"

    • +
+

General work:

+
    +

  • git switch BRANCH-NAME: Make a branch active.

    • +

  • git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]: Send commits and +update the branch on the remote.

    • +

  • git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]: Fetch and then merge +automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch +and merge separately.

    • +

  • git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]: Get commits from the remote. Doesn’t +update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches +(like origin/NAME).

    • +

  • git merge [BRANCH-NAME]: Updates your current branch with +changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is +tracking by default.

    • +

  • git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL: Adds a new remote with a +certain name.

    • +
+
+
+
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+
+
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Schedule Day 3

+
    +

  • 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question

    • +

  • 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight

    • +

  • 09:15 - 09:30: Concepts around collaboration

    +
      +

    • Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch.

      • +

    • Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing.

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 09:30 - 11:00: Centralized workflow

    +
      +

    • 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts

      • +

    • 9:45 - 9:55: Break

      • +

    • 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome

      • +

    • 10:00 - 10:30: Exercise

      • +

    • 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break

    • +

  • 12:00 - 13:10: Distributed version control and forking workflow

    +
      +

    • 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes

      • +

    • 12:15 - 12:45: Exercise

      • +

    • 12:45 - 12:55 Break

      • +

    • 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 13:10 - 13:30: How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project and Q&A

    • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+

In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it’s essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The git-intro lesson +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub.

+

This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git.

+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+

By the end of this lesson, learners should:

+
    +

  • Understand the concept of remotes

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows

    • +

  • Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects

    • +

  • Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues

    • +

  • Know how to update a fork

    • +

  • Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer

    • +
+
+
+

Interesting questions you might get

+
    +

  • If participants run git graph they might notice origin/HEAD. This has been +omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the +default branch of the remote repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Timing

+
    +

  • The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, +so at least an hour is required for it.

    • +

  • The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only +introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the +time of the first episode.

    • +

  • The “How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project” episode can be +covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. +However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome.

    • +
+
+
+

Preparing exercises

+

Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about “maintainer” who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository.

+

Live stream:

+
    +

  • Create the centralized exercises in an organization (not under your username) so +that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you +can then fork yourself if needed.

    • +

  • For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under +https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises. The instructors or team leads need to have owner status in the organization in order to invite people.

    • +

  • We have created two versions of each a day in advance to signal which one might end up +being discussed on recording/stream:

    +
      +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise

      • +
    +
    • +

  • Protect the default branch of the two centralized-* repositories.

    • +

  • We create a organization team, stream-exercise-participants. The +centralized workflow exercise repos have this team added as a +collaborator (not forking - they fork so they don’t need write +access there).

    • +

  • We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via +issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, access-requests, +create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a +new issue in that repository. The day/morning before the day of the lesson the instructor or team leader now has to invite the learners to the team. Three steps: +1. copy the learners GitHub username from the issue +2. go to team member page, example linked here and invite that username to the team (this means first clicking invite and then scrolling down to click the “add username to …” button. This sends an email to that users email that is connected to their GitHub account. +3. In the issue, copy following text (or similar) to the issue and “close with comment”:

    +
    We have added you to the CodeRefinery exercise repository.
+
+What you should do before the exercise starts:
+
+You will get an invitation from GitHub to your email address (that GitHub knows about). Please accept that invitation so that you can participate in the collaborative exercise.
+To make sure you don't get too many emails during the exercise, don't forget to "unwatch" both https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise and https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded.
+To "unwatch", go to the repository and click the "Unwatch" button (top middle of the screen) and then select "Participating and @mentions".
+
    +
    +
    • +
+

``

+ +
+
+

Typical pitfalls

+
+

Difference between pull and pull requests

+

The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc.

+
+
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch

+

The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained.

+
+
+
+

Other practical aspects

+
    +

  • In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so +that they can see the screens. From the beginning.

    • +

  • Emphasize use of git graph a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/objects.inv b/branch/main/singlehtml/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1521d3f Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/singlehtml/objects.inv differ diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/.buildinfo b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f510c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: 37a27d042db8a8964cee8ab70b809679 +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/.nojekyll b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/01-local.svg b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/01-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77fb349 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/01-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + origin/main + + + + + main + + + + + HEAD + + + diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/01-remote.svg b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/01-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1908ed --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/01-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/04-local.svg b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/04-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..477663c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/04-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + HEAD + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/04-remote.svg b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/04-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5094362 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/04-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/06-remote.svg b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/06-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f1b84f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_images/06-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + m1 + + + b1 + + + + + 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+ tracked files that you can directly edit called **the working tree** (the + actual files you can edit). +- **This is where we edit and commit changes**. +- When we create a repository with `git init`, it is a non-bare, "normal", repository. + + +## Bare repository + +- A **bare repository** contains only the `.git/` part, no files you can directly edit. +- By convention the names of bare repositories end with `.git` to emphasize this. +- We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository. +- GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository. +- You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository. + +If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer: + +````{exercise} Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository +- Create a new local repository with `git init`. + ```console + $ cd /path/to/example + $ git init + ``` +- Populate it with a file and a commit or two. +- Create one or two branches. +- Clone this repository on the same computer with either `--bare` or `--mirror`: + ```console + $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare + ``` +- Inspect the bare repository. +- Clone the bare repository: + ```console + $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone + $ cd /path/to/example-clone + ``` +- Inside the clone inspect `git remote -v`. +- Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to `origin`. +- The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes. +```` + +```{keypoints} +- We do programming work inside non-bare repositories. +- We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from. +``` diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/centralized.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/centralized.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..504a55c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/centralized.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,532 @@ +# Centralized workflow + +```{objectives} +- Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow. +- Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Meaning of "central" in a distributed version control + +In this episode, we will explore the usage of a **centralized workflow** for collaborating online on a project +**within one repository on GitHub**. This means that everyone has +access to that **central repository** - convenient (but doesn't scale to a huge +project). + +In {doc}`the next section `, we will see that Git is +**distributed** version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just "everything connects to one central server". + + + +## Centralized layout + +```{figure} img/forking/centralized.svg +:alt: Centralized layout +:width: 50% + +Centralized layout. **Red** is the repository on GitHub. **Blue** is +where all contributors work on their own computers. +``` + +Features: + +- Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows). +- Suited for cases where **all developers are in the same group or organization or project**. +- **Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access**. +- Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically `main` or `master`). + +Real life examples: + +- Within the CodeRefinery team we mostly use this approach: [https://github.com/coderefinery](https://github.com/coderefinery) +- [https://github.com/ropensci/plotly](https://github.com/ropensci/plotly) + + +## Exercise preparation + +In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (**maintainer**) will create the exercise repository, and +**collaborators** will contribute to it. We'll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls. + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + - Form not too large groups (4-5 persons). + - Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared + GitHub repository: the *maintainer*. + This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else + is a *collaborator*. + - The **maintainer** (one person per group) generates a new repository + from the template + called `centralized-workflow-exercise` (There is no need to tick *"Include all branches"* for this exercise): + ```{figure} img/centralized/generate_repo.png + :alt: Screenshot of generating the exercise repository + :width: 100% + ``` + - Then **everyone in your group** needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository: + - Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer. + - Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL. + - Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator). + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. This exercise is only possible during our + livestream courses. + The preparation typically happens already the day before. + + ```{admonition} If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson) + --- + class: dropdown + --- + If you have not yet requested access, could you please [open an + issue in this + repository](https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new/choose). + Wait a + minute for staff to add you, then wait for the invite email to arrive and + accept the invitation from the email and "unwatch" repositories (below). + ``` + + **Choose only one to work with** (you must have requested access already, see above) + + - Not recorded: + + (this will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is public + on the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + ```` +````` + +- **Don't forget to accept the invitation** + - Check + - Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with + GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don't receive it + you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The + maintainer can also "copy invite link" and share it within the group. + +(unwatch)= + +- **Watching and unwatching repositories** + - Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull + requests via email. + - If you do not wish this, you can "unwatch" a repository (top of + the project page). + - However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested + in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the + activity that come through a popular project. + ```{figure} img/centralized/unwatch.png + :alt: Unwatching a repository + + Unwatch a repository by clicking "Unwatch" in the repository view, + then "Participating and @mentions" - this way, you will get + notifications about your own interactions. + ``` + +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request +- Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above). +- Then work on steps A-H. +- There are also optional exercises. +- Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands: + - `git graph` - almost every time + - `git status` - when you modify files +``` + +```{callout} Hint for breakout rooms +If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository's maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers! +``` + + +### Step A. Clone your maintainer's group repository + +```console +$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Where `REPOSITORY-URL` is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer. + +**Clone using the SSH path** you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +`git@github.com:`), not the one that starts with `https://github.com`. +Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Representation of what happens when you clone +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/01-local.svg + +local +``` + +Here and in what follows, "c1" is a commit, "b1" etc. are commits on side branches +and "m1" is a merge commit. + +- We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include *all branches* when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (*initial commit*). +- `git clone` creates pointers `origin/main` so you can see the branches of the origin. +- `origin` refers to where we cloned from. +- `origin` is a shortcut for the full URL. +- `origin/main` is a read-only pointer. +- The branches starting with `origin/` only move during `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push`. +- Only `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push` require network. +- All other operations are local operations. +```` + + +### Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory + +```console +$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using `git remote -v`. + + +### Step C. Create a branch `yourname-somefeature` pointing at your commit + +Create a branch from the current `main`. Also adapt "yourname-somefeature" to a better name: + +```console +$ git branch yourname-somefeature main +$ git switch yourname-somefeature +``` + +The `yourname-` prefix has no special meaning here (not like `origin/`): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it. + + +### Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: `yourusername.txt` + +In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don't share something you +don't want to become public for the duration of the exercise). + + +### Step E. Stage and commit the change + +```console +$ git add yourusername.txt +$ git commit +``` + +````{admonition} The commit only exists locally +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + + +### Step F. Push your change as a new branch + +```console +$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Now the commit also exists on the remote repository +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/04-remote.svg + +remote or central (read figure left to right) +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + +```{admonition} Meaning of -u +--- +class: dropdown +--- +The `-u` or `--set-upstream` will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages: +- If you from here on only type `git push` or `git pull` without branchname, Git will know what branch you + refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where + you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly. +- When you type `git status`, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch + that it tracks. + +However, also without the `-u` this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time. +``` + + +### Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits + +After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see. + + +### Step H. Submit a pull request + +Submit a pull request from your branch towards the `main` branch. +Do this through the web interface. + +Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with *almost no work* on the maintainer's side - a big win. + +There are **several options to open a pull request**: +- Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab +- Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button "Compare & pull request" +- Click on "Pull requests" on top of the GitHub repository and either "Compare & pull request" or "New pull request" +- Click on "Branches" and then "New pull request" from the respective branch + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +```{exercise} Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together) +- **We do step 2A and 2B together** (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories). +``` + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request. +- When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also. +- Discuss what you look at when submitting. +- Discuss what you look at when reviewing. +``` + + +### Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests + +**We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + +````{admonition} Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local +``` +```` + +Finally also discuss the "network" on GitHub. + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests: +- [GitHub](http://haacked.com/archive/2019/06/03/suggested-changes/) +- [GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/merge_requests/reviews/suggestions.html) +``` + +```{discussion} +**Naming** + +- In GitLab or BitBucket these are named **merge requests**, not **pull requests**. +- Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which + context? (The name **pull request** may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode). +- It can be useful to think of them as **change proposals**. + +**Pull requests can be used for code review** + +- We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group. +- Collaborative learning +- OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers +- In our example everyone has write access to the "central" repository. + +**Pull requests are from branch to branch** + +- They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch. +- Not from commit to branch. +- Pull requests create new commits on the target branch. +- They do not create new branches. + +**Protected branches** + +- A good setting for large projects is to make the `main` branch **protected** and all changes to it have to go + through code review. +- Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects. + +**Read more** + +- This is a great resource: [Practical git PRs for small teams](https://scicomp.aalto.fi/scicomp/practical-git-prs/) +``` + + +### Step 2B. Update your local copy + +Your branch `yourname-somefeature` is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: **Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository** but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions. + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/07-local.svg + +local +``` + +## Optional exercises + +```{exercise} (optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using "#N" +We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will **first create an issue**. + +1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives + others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. **Note the issue number**, you + will need it in step 3. +2. Create a new branch and switch to it. +3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you + did, but also add that this "closes #N" (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1). +4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the + issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request + form (add a "closes #N" to the title or description). +5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including `#N`. +6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically + closed. This only happens for certain keywords like `closes` or `fix`. +7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues + with commits or pull requests. + +See also the [GitHub documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue) +for more examples. +``` + +````{exercise} (optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch "yourname-somefeature"? (exercise/discussion) + Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - + the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. + Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the + [how much Git is necessary?](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/level/) episode of the git-intro lesson. + + In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch + and create a pull-request. Let's now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) + makes a new change (create a new file) + but without creating a new branch. + + 1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally. + 2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository: + + ```console + $ git push origin main + ``` + You probably see something like this: + + ```console + $ git push + + To https://github.com/user/repo.git + ! [rejected] main -> main (non-fast-forward) + error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git' + To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected + Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the + 'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details. + ``` + + - The push only worked for one participant (one clone). + - Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected? + + ```{solution} + The push for everyone except one person fails because they are missing one + commit in their local repository that exists on the remote. They will first + need to pull the remote changes before pushing their own, which will usually + result in a merge commit. + ``` +```` + +````{discussion} Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches + If there is a remote branch `somefeature`, we can create a local branch and start tracking `origin/somefeature` like this: + ```console + $ git switch somefeature + ``` + + Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it: + ```console + $ git pull origin somefeature + $ git push origin somefeature + ``` + + We can also delete remote branches: + ```console + $ git push origin --delete somefeature + ``` +```` + +```{callout} Creating pull requests from the command line +There are several possibilties: +- +- +- +``` + +```{callout} How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator +Visit where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to. +``` + +```{callout} GitHub/GitLab organizations +- Projects often start under a personal namespace. +- If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, + one can share projects under an "organization". +- You can then invite collaborators to an organization. +- This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: +``` + +```{keypoints} +- Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work. +- `origin` refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it). +- `origin/mybranch` is a read-only pointer to branch `mybranch` on `origin`. +- These read-only pointers only move when you `git fetch`/`git pull` or `git push`. +``` diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/contributing.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/contributing.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad04e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/contributing.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# How to contribute changes to somebody else's project + +```{objectives} +- Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching/discussion +``` + + +## Contributing very minor changes + +- Clone or fork+clone repository +- Create a branch +- Commit and push change +- Open a pull request or merge request + + +## If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- Describe the problem +- If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion +- Possibly **discuss and get feedback** +- If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it +- Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Inform others about an observed problem** +- Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on +``` + + +## If you have an idea for a new feature + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature +- Motivate why and how you wish to do this +- Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback +- **Discuss and get feedback before you code** +- Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it +- Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code** which might be rejected +- If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as + reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change +``` + + +## WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests + +- Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with "WIP" or "Draft" are not to be merged yet +- They are there to **collect feedback on unfinished work** +- On GitHub you can create [draft pull requests](https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-requests/) + which cannot be merged until marked ready for review. +- Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with "WIP" or "Draft") + +```{admonition} Motivation +- Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change +- Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work +``` + + +## Licenses matter + +- If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license +- If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, **clarify its license and + copyright** with the submitter, before merging + + +## How to make sure that you don't merge malicious code + +(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some) + +- Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past + without all future hashes changing +- Projects like or + have to be extremely careful what they accept +- Browse the code changes before merging them +- If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information +- Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know +- Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity + + +```{keypoints} +- Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes. +- **Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes**. +``` diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/distributed.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/distributed.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..741c4ed --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/distributed.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,520 @@ +# Distributed version control and forking workflow + +```{objectives} +- Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab. +- Get comfortable with the forking workflow. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Forking layout + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-overview.svg +:alt: Forking workflow +:width: 50% + +Forking workflow. **Red** is the central repository, where only +owners have access. **Green** are *forks* on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). **Blue** are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer. +``` + +In the **forking layout**, again we call one repository the "central" +repository but people push to **forks** (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket). + +Features: + +- **Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission** + (to public projects). +- Maintainer still has **full control over what is merged**. +- Contributors now have **more than one remote** to work with. + +This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples: + +- [NumPy](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html) +- [JupyterLab](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab) + +```{discussion} Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone? +- It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else. +- The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop. +- The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling. +- Backup. +``` + + +## Working with multiple remotes + +In the forking layout described above we work with **multiple remotes**, +in this case **two remotes**: One remote refers to the "central" repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork. + +- There is nothing special about the name `origin`. The `origin` is an alias/placeholder (think of "sticky note" referring to an URL). +- We can name these aliases as we like. +- We can add and remove remotes: + ```console + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote rm upstream + + $ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git + $ git remote rm group-repo + + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git + ``` + +- To see all remotes: + ```console + $ git remote --verbose + ``` + +```{warning} +**We will work with a new repository for this exercise!** + +For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the **forking**-workflow-exercise. +``` + + +## Exercise preparation + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + + **Maintainer (team lead)**: + - Create an exercise repository by + [generating from a template](https://help.github.com/en/articles/creating-a-repository-from-a-template) + using this template: + called `forking-workflow-exercise` + - In this case we **do not add collaborators** to the repository (this is the point of this example). + - Share the link to the newly created repository with your group. + + **Learners in exercise team**: Fork the newly created repository (not the + "coderefinery" one) and then **clone your fork**. + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. + + We create(d) these the day before hopefully. **Choose only one to + work with**: + - Not recorded: + (this + will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is be public on + the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: + + (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments + may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + + Here we don't need your GitHub usernames because the point of this exercise + is to show that we can collaborate without granting write permissions. + + Learners following on their own: Fork one of these two repositories + and then **clone your fork** to your computer. + ```` +````` +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request +As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by [tacofancy](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy). + +**Objectives**: +- Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository. +- Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the + forked repository. + +**Exercise**: +- Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes). +- **Learners work on steps A-F** (15-20 minutes). +- There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more. +- After step E you take a break or help others. + Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document. +- **We will review the pull requests together** + and then update forks. +``` + +Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in `git graph`: + +- `git graph` - almost every time. As a reminder, to define `git graph` use: + ```console + $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline" + ``` +- `git status` - when you modify files. + + +### Step A: Fork and clone + +First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork). + +```{figure} img/forking/how-to-fork.png +:class: with-border + +How to fork. +``` + +Then **clone your fork** to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. **Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL** from the web browser. The URL should start with +`git@github.com:`. Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-1.svg + +Forking followed by cloning. +``` + +This is how it looks after we fork: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +- A fork is basically a (bare) clone. +- The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories. +- When forking we copy all commits, all branches. + +After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-01.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step B: Open an "issue" as a change proposal + +Before we start any coding, open a new "Issue" on the central repository as a +"proposal" where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number. + +Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding. + + +### Step C: Modify and commit + +Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example: + +```console +$ git branch myname-feature # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose +$ git switch myname-feature +``` + +**On the new branch create a new file** which will hold your recipe, +for instance `traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md` (but change the name). You can get inspired +[here](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy/tree/master/full_tacos). Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!). + +There is also a file called `test.py` which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +"taco" (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing. + +Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message **reference the issue** which you have opened earlier with "this is my +commit message; closes #N" (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B). + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +And here is a picture of what just happened: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-02.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step D: Push your changes to the fork + +Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than "myname-feature". Also verify where "origin" points to. + +```console +$ git push origin myname-feature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step E: Open a pull request + +Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation for steps D and E +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/forking-2.svg + +Push followed by a pull request. +``` + +A pull-request means: "please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click". + +Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + +### Step F: View your pull request + +Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory. + +**Wait here** until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together. + +Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain [the right keywords](https://help.github.com/en/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords)). + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request +If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request. +``` + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened. +You can do that by pushing **additional commits to the same branch** where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +**We do this step together**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request +If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits. + +Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with "Squash and +merge" and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks + +We do this part **after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated**. + +Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants. + +Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork. + +On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below): + +```{figure} img/forking/fetch-and-merge.png +:alt: Updating the fork via GitHub web interface + +Updating the fork via GitHub web interface. +``` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like `origin` or `upstream`. + +Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork: +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main +$ git push FORK-URL main +``` + +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: +```{figure} img/forking/forking-3.svg + +Pull followed by push to a different remote. +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line (longer version) +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step. + +```console +$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL +$ git fetch central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-04.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git merge central/main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-05.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git push origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-04.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-06.svg + +local +``` +```` + +--- + +```{figure} img/forking/remote.jpg +``` +- Luke Skywalker: *You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.* +- Ben Kenobi: *That's good. You've taken your first step into a larger world.* + +[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope] + + +```{discussion} Discussion: Always create a feature branch +**For each pull request create a new branch**. Motivation: +- Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull + request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit + to branch). +- History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository + does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork. +``` diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/exercises.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/exercises.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3b4074 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/exercises.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# List of exercises + + +## Full list + +This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests. + +```{exerciselist} +``` diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/guide.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d73e9a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +# Instructor guide + + +## Schedule Day 3 + +- 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question +- 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight +- 09:15 - 09:30: [Concepts around collaboration](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/remotes/) + - Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch. + - Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing. +- 09:30 - 11:00: [Centralized workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/) + - 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts + - 9:45 - 9:55: Break + - 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome + - 10:00 - 10:30: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/#exercise-preparation) + - 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions +- 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break +- 12:00 - 13:10: [Distributed version control and forking workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/) + - 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes + - 12:15 - 12:45: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/#exercise-preparation) + - 12:45 - 12:55 Break + - 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions +- 13:10 - 13:30: [How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/contributing/) and Q&A + + +## Why we teach this lesson + +In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it's essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The [git-intro lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/) +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub. + +This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +By the end of this lesson, learners should: +- Understand the concept of remotes +- Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches +- Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows +- Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects +- Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues +- Know how to update a fork +- **Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer** + + +## Interesting questions you might get + +- If participants run `git graph` they might notice `origin/HEAD`. This has been + omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the + default branch of the remote repository. + + +## Timing + +- The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, + so at least an hour is required for it. +- The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only + introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the + time of the first episode. +- The "How to contribute changes to somebody else's project" episode can be + covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. + However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome. + + +## Preparing exercises + +Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about "maintainer" who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository. + +**Live stream**: +- Create the centralized exercises **in an organization** (not under your username) so + that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you + can then fork yourself if needed. +- For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under + . +- We have created two versions of each **a day in advance** to signal which one might end up + being discussed on recording/stream: + - `centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `centralized-workflow-exercise` + - `forking-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `forking-workflow-exercise` +- Protect the default branch of the two `centralized-*` repositories. +- We create a organization team, `stream-exercise-participants`. The + *centralized* workflow exercise repos have this team added as a + collaborator (*not* forking - they fork so they don't need write + access there). +- We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via + issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, `access-requests`, + create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a + new issue in that repository. The day before + - Why a fifth repository? So that learners don't get emails from all + other access requests once they get added to the team + - Sample text: + ``` + On Thursday we will all practice how to collaborate using Git/GitHub + and one ambitious thing we will try is to collaborate with + participants following via stream. This does not apply to teams and + exercise groups who will create their own exercise repositories and + these groups can ignore the rest of this section. + + For this to work we will need to give you access to a practice + repository. This is option, you could just watch instead. We delete + these repositories after the workshop and will not use your username + for anything other than this exercise. + + If you would like to participate in this, could you please open an + issue here. Give any title like "please add me" and then click + submit: + - https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new + + Example for how I requested access: + - https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/1 + ``` + + +## Typical pitfalls + +### Difference between pull and pull requests + +The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc. + + +### Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch + +The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained. + + +## Other practical aspects + +- In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so + that they can see the screens. From the beginning. +- Emphasize use of `git graph` a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson. diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/hooks.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/hooks.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7944cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/hooks.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# Hooks + +```{objectives} +- Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to **trigger scripts** +which take care of some tasks. **Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events**. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks. + + +## Client-side hooks + +You can find and edit them here: + +```console +$ ls -l .git/hooks/ +``` + +- `pre-commit`: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass) +- `prepare-commit-msg`: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages) +- `commit-msg`: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern) +- `post-commit`: after commit process (example: notification) +- `pre-rebase`: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits) +- `post-rewrite`: run by commands that rewrite commits +- `post-checkout`: after successful `git checkout` (example: generating documentation) +- `post-merge`: after successful merge +- `pre-push`: runs during `git push` before any objects have been transferred +- `pre-auto-gc`: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place + +See also , +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. + +Example for a `pre-commit` hook which checks whether a Python code is [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)-compliant +using [pycodestyle](http://pycodestyle.pycqa.org): + +```bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +# ignore errors due to too long lines +pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/ +``` + + +## Server-side hooks + +You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab. + +- `pre-receive`: before accepting any references +- `update`: like `pre-receive` but runs once per pushed branch +- `post-receive`: after entire process is completed + +- Typical use: + - Maintenance work + - Automated tests + - Refreshing of documentation/website + - Sanity checks + - Code style checks + - Email notification + - Rebuilding software packages + + +## Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services + +GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. `git push` or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible. + +These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly. + +You can read more about these services here: +- [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) +- [GitLab CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/) + +In our projects we use these services to: +- Build websites +- Build documentation +- Run tests +- Create containers +- Package and upload packages +- Spellchecking diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/index.rst.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c9a71a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +.. _index: + +Collaborative distributed version control +========================================= + +We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing? + +- Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: + This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult + keep all copies synchronized. +- One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of + more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition. +- Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. + Good for small groups. +- Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without + advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with. + +Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +*transformative* (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +**This can’t be done without proper tools.** + +**In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services.** We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks. + +.. prereq:: + + 1. Basic understanding of Git. + 2. You need a `GitHub `__ account. + + We will do this exercise on `GitHub `__ but also + `GitLab `__ and + `Bitbucket `__ allow similar workflows and + basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this + material and these exercises we do not endorse the company + `GitHub `__. We have chosen to demonstrate a + number of concepts using examples with + `GitHub `__ because it is currently the most + popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is + high that you will interact with + `GitHub `__-based repositories even if you choose + to host your Git repository on another platform. + + We also encourage course participants to use our `Nordic research + software repository platform `__, + for more information see + `https://coderefinery.org/repository/ `__. + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Core episodes + + remotes.md + centralized.md + distributed.md + contributing.md + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Optional episodes + + hooks.md + bare-repos.md + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Reference + + reference + exercises + guide + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: About + + All lessons + CodeRefinery + Reusing diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/reference.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..746d73a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# Quick reference + +## Other cheatsheets + +See the [git-intro cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/) for +the basics. + +* [Interactive git cheatsheet](http://www.ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html) +* [Very detailed 2-page git + cheatsheet](https://aaltoscicomp.github.io/cheatsheets/git-the-way-you-need-it-cheatsheet.pdf) + + +## Glossary + +* **remote**: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A + repository can be linked to several other remotes. +* **push**: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository +* **fetch**: Update your view of another repository +* **pull**: Fetch (above) and then merge +* **origin**: Default name for a remote repository. +* **origin/NAME**: A branch name which represents a remote branch. +* **main**: Default name for main branch. +* **merge**: Combine the changes on two branches. +* **conflict**: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, + git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the + conflict to the user to resolve. +* **issue**: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion + related to a repository. +* **pull request**: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a + code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In + Gitlab, called "**merge request**". +* **git hook**: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for + example to do tests before allowing you to commit. +* **bare repository**: A copy of a repository that only is only the `.git` + directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names + usually like `something.git` + + +## Commands we use + +This excludes most introduced in the [git-intro +cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/). + +Setup: + +* `git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]`: Make a copy of existing + repository at <url>, containing all history. + +Status: + +* `git status`: Same as in basic git, list status +* `git remote [-v]`: List all remotes +* `git graph`: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command + with `git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"` + +General work: + +* `git switch BRANCH-NAME`: Make a branch active. +* `git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]`: Send commits and + update the branch on the remote. +* `git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]`: Fetch and then merge + automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch + and merge separately. +* `git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]`: Get commits from the remote. Doesn't + update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches + (like origin/NAME). +* `git merge [BRANCH-NAME]`: Updates your current branch with + changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is + tracking by default. +* `git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL`: Adds a new remote with a + certain name. diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/remotes.md.txt b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/remotes.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fc63ec --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_sources/remotes.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +# Concepts around collaboration + +```{objectives} +- Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching +``` + + +## Motivation + +- Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute? +- We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back. +- Then, we make a "pull request" that allows a review. +- Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes + to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external + contributors. + + +## Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones + +- **repository**: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags). +- **commit**: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. `c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e`). +- **branch**: Independent development line. The main development line is often called `main`. +- **tag**: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a [commemorative plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative_plaque) + that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. `phd-printed` or `paper-submitted`). +- **cloning**: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one. +- **forking**: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your + copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy. + + +## Cloning a repository + +In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the `git clone` command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations: +* Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer. +* The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository. +* Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code. + +```{figure} img/overview/clone.png +:alt: Cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Cloning +``` + + +## Forking a repository + +When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access. +* In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (`main` or `master`), and to other branches. +* The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests. + +```{figure} img/overview/fork.png +:alt: Forking +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking +``` + + +## Generating from templates and importing + +There are two more ways to create "copies" of repositories into your user space: +- A repository can be marked as **template** and new repositories can be + **generated** from it, like using a cookie-cutter. + The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not + inherit the history of the template. + +```{figure} img/overview/generate.png +:alt: Generating from a template +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Generating from a template. +``` + +- You can **import** a repository from another hosting service or web address. + This will preserve the history of the imported project. + +```{figure} img/overview/import.png +:alt: Importing a repository +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Importing a repository. +``` +--- + +```{discussion} +- Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out + how many forks exist and where they are. +- In which situations could it be useful to start from a "template" repository by generating? +``` + + +## Synchronizing changes between repositories + +- We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories. +- We will **pull** or **fetch** updates **from** remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch). +- We will **push** updates **to** remote repositories. +- We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (**pull request**). +- Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: + We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the "central" repository). +- A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab. + +```{figure} img/overview/forkandclone.png +:alt: Forking and cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking and cloning +``` diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8549469 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +/* + * _sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * WILL BE REMOVED IN Sphinx 6.0 + * xref RemovedInSphinx60Warning + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/basic.css b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e9a9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,900 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; 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+ margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/check-solid.svg b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/clipboard.min.js b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton.css b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/css/badge_only.css b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ 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index 0000000..527b876 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +const BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS = new Set([ + "TEXTAREA", + "INPUT", + "SELECT", + "BUTTON", +]); + +const _ready = (callback) => { + if (document.readyState !== "loading") { + callback(); + } else { + document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback); + } +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const Documentation = { + init: () => { + Documentation.initDomainIndexTable(); + Documentation.initOnKeyListeners(); + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS: {}, + PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1), + LOCALE: "unknown", + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext: (string) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + switch (typeof translated) { + case "undefined": + return string; // no translation + case "string": + return translated; // translation exists + default: + return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists + } + }, + + ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated !== "undefined") + return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)]; + return n === 1 ? singular : plural; + }, + + addTranslations: (catalog) => { + Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages); + Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function( + "n", + `return (${catalog.plural_expr})` + ); + Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * helper function to focus on search bar + */ + focusSearchBar: () => { + document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus(); + }, + + /** + * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initDomainIndexTable: () => { + const toggler = (el) => { + const idNumber = el.id.substr(7); + const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`); + if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none")); + } else { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + } + }; + + const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler"); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => + el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget)) + ); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if ( + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS && + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS + ) + return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + + if (!event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.key) { + case "ArrowLeft": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]'); + if (prevLink && prevLink.href) { + window.location.href = prevLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + case "ArrowRight": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]'); + if (nextLink && nextLink.href) { + window.location.href = nextLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + } + } + + // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get / + switch (event.key) { + case "/": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.focusSearchBar(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +// quick alias for translations +const _ = Documentation.gettext; + +_ready(Documentation.init); diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/documentation_options.js b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/documentation_options.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c066c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/documentation_options.js @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'), + VERSION: '', + LANGUAGE: 'en', + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + BUILDER: 'dirhtml', + FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', + LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', + HAS_SOURCE: true, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt', + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true, +}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/file.png b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc6c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js @@ -0,0 +1,10881 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + // Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5 + // Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections + // (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756) + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" && + typeof obj.item !== "function"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.6.0", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), + function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); + } ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2021-02-16 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +} +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the primary Deferred + primary = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( primary.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return primary.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject ); + } + + return primary.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by + // clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If + // that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared, + // leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this. + return result && result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + which: true +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired + // in leverageNative. + _default: function() { + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + // + // Support: Firefox 70+ + // Only Firefox includes border widths + // in computed dimensions. (gh-4529) + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate"; + tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid"; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // Height set through cssText does not get applied. + // Computed height then comes back as 0. + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + // Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+ + // In our bodyBackground.html iframe, + // display for all div elements is set to "inline", + // which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86. + // Ensuring the div is display: block + // gets around this issue. + trChild.style.display = "block"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml, parserErrorElem; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ]; + if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + ( + parserErrorElem ? + jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) { + return el.textContent; + } ).join( "\n" ) : + data + ) ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ).filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ).map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + +originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp + if ( !isSuccess && + jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 && + jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories.

    • +

  • Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+
+

Non-bare repository

+
    +

  • A non-bare repository contains .git/ as well as a snapshot of your +tracked files that you can directly edit called the working tree (the +actual files you can edit).

    • +

  • This is where we edit and commit changes.

    • +

  • When we create a repository with git init, it is a non-bare, “normal”, repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Bare repository

+
    +

  • A bare repository contains only the .git/ part, no files you can directly edit.

    • +

  • By convention the names of bare repositories end with .git to emphasize this.

    • +

  • We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository.

    • +

  • GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository.

    • +

  • You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository.

    • +
+

If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • We do programming work inside non-bare repositories.

    • +

  • We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/centralized/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/centralized/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04a8b20 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/centralized/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,686 @@ + + + + + + + Centralized workflow — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Centralized workflow

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow.

    • +

  • Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Meaning of “central” in a distributed version control

+

In this episode, we will explore the usage of a centralized workflow for collaborating online on a project +within one repository on GitHub. This means that everyone has +access to that central repository - convenient (but doesn’t scale to a huge +project).

+

In the next section, we will see that Git is +distributed version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just “everything connects to one central server”.

+
+
+

Centralized layout

+
+Centralized layout +
+

Centralized layout. Red is the repository on GitHub. Blue is +where all contributors work on their own computers.

+
+
+

Features:

+
    +

  • Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows).

    • +

  • Suited for cases where all developers are in the same group or organization or project.

    • +

  • Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access.

    • +

  • Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically main or master).

    • +
+

Real life examples:

+ +
+
+

Exercise preparation

+

In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (maintainer) will create the exercise repository, and +collaborators will contribute to it. We’ll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls.

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+
    +

  • Form not too large groups (4-5 persons).

    • +

  • Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared +GitHub repository: the maintainer. +This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else +is a collaborator.

    • +

  • The maintainer (one person per group) generates a new repository +from the template https://github.com/coderefinery/template-centralized-workflow-exercise +called centralized-workflow-exercise (There is no need to tick “Include all branches” for this exercise):

    +
    +Screenshot of generating the exercise repository +
    +
    • +

  • Then everyone in your group needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository:

    +
      +

    • Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer.

      • +

    • Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL.

      • +

    • Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator).

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
    +

  • Don’t forget to accept the invitation

    +
      +

    • Check https://github.com/settings/organizations/

      • +

    • Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with +GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don’t receive it +you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The +maintainer can also “copy invite link” and share it within the group.

      • +
    +
    • +
+
    +

  • Watching and unwatching repositories

    +
      +

    • Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull +requests via email.

      • +

    • If you do not wish this, you can “unwatch” a repository (top of +the project page).

      • +

    • However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested +in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the +activity that come through a popular project.

      • +
    +
    +Unwatching a repository +
    +

    Unwatch a repository by clicking “Unwatch” in the repository view, +then “Participating and @mentions” - this way, you will get +notifications about your own interactions.

    +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Hint for breakout rooms

+

If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository’s maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers!

+
+
+

Step A. Clone your maintainer’s group repository

+
$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Where REPOSITORY-URL is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer.

+

Clone using the SSH path you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +git@github.com:), not the one that starts with https://github.com. +Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Representation of what happens when you clone

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/01-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+

Here and in what follows, “c1” is a commit, “b1” etc. are commits on side branches +and “m1” is a merge commit.

+
    +

  • We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include all branches when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (initial commit).

    • +

  • git clone creates pointers origin/main so you can see the branches of the origin.

    • +

  • origin refers to where we cloned from.

    • +

  • origin is a shortcut for the full URL.

    • +

  • origin/main is a read-only pointer.

    • +

  • The branches starting with origin/ only move during git pull or git fetch or git push.

    • +

  • Only git pull or git fetch or git push require network.

    • +

  • All other operations are local operations.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory

+
$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using git remote -v.

+
+
+

Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit

+

Create a branch from the current main. Also adapt “yourname-somefeature” to a better name:

+
$ git branch yourname-somefeature main
+$ git switch yourname-somefeature
+
+
+

The yourname- prefix has no special meaning here (not like origin/): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it.

+
+
+

Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt

+

In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don’t share something you +don’t want to become public for the duration of the exercise).

+
+
+

Step E. Stage and commit the change

+
$ git add yourusername.txt
+$ git commit
+
+
+
+

The commit only exists locally

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F. Push your change as a new branch

+
$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Now the commit also exists on the remote repository

+
+../_images/04-remote.svg
+

remote or central (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+

Meaning of -u

+

The -u or --set-upstream will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages:

+
    +

  • If you from here on only type git push or git pull without branchname, Git will know what branch you +refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where +you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly.

    • +

  • When you type git status, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch +that it tracks.

    • +
+

However, also without the -u this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time.

+
+
+
+

Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits

+

After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see.

+
+
+

Step H. Submit a pull request

+

Submit a pull request from your branch towards the main branch. +Do this through the web interface.

+

Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with almost no work on the maintainer’s side - a big win.

+

There are several options to open a pull request:

+
    +

  • Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab

    • +

  • Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button “Compare & pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Pull requests” on top of the GitHub repository and either “Compare & pull request” or “New pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Branches” and then “New pull request” from the respective branch

    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request.

+
    +

  • When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when submitting.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when reviewing.

    • +
+
+
+

Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests

+

We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged

+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Finally also discuss the “network” on GitHub.

+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests:

+ +
+
+

Discussion

+

Naming

+
    +

  • In GitLab or BitBucket these are named merge requests, not pull requests.

    • +

  • Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which +context? (The name pull request may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode).

    • +

  • It can be useful to think of them as change proposals.

    • +
+

Pull requests can be used for code review

+
    +

  • We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group.

    • +

  • Collaborative learning

    • +

  • OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers

    • +

  • In our example everyone has write access to the “central” repository.

    • +
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch

+
    +

  • They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch.

    • +

  • Not from commit to branch.

    • +

  • Pull requests create new commits on the target branch.

    • +

  • They do not create new branches.

    • +
+

Protected branches

+
    +

  • A good setting for large projects is to make the main branch protected and all changes to it have to go +through code review.

    • +

  • Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects.

    • +
+

Read more

+ +
+
+
+

Step 2B. Update your local copy

+

Your branch yourname-somefeature is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions.

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/07-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Optional exercises

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+

Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches

+

If there is a remote branch somefeature, we can create a local branch and start tracking origin/somefeature like this:

+
$ git switch somefeature
+
+
+

Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it:

+
$ git pull origin somefeature
+$ git push origin somefeature
+
+
+

We can also delete remote branches:

+
$ git push origin --delete somefeature
+
+
+
+
+

Creating pull requests from the command line

+

There are several possibilties:

+ +
+
+

How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator

+

Visit https://github.com/settings/repositories where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to.

+
+
+

GitHub/GitLab organizations

+
    +

  • Projects often start under a personal namespace.

    • +

  • If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, +one can share projects under an “organization”.

    • +

  • You can then invite collaborators to an organization.

    • +

  • This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: https://github.com/coderefinery

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work.

    • +

  • origin refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it).

    • +

  • origin/mybranch is a read-only pointer to branch mybranch on origin.

    • +

  • These read-only pointers only move when you git fetch/git pull or git push.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/contributing/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/contributing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85fc98f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/contributing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching/discussion

    • +
+
+
+

Contributing very minor changes

+
    +

  • Clone or fork+clone repository

    • +

  • Create a branch

    • +

  • Commit and push change

    • +

  • Open a pull request or merge request

    • +
+
+
+

If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • Describe the problem

    • +

  • If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion

    • +

  • Possibly discuss and get feedback

    • +

  • If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it

    • +

  • Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Inform others about an observed problem

    • +

  • Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on

    • +
+
+
+
+

If you have an idea for a new feature

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature

    • +

  • Motivate why and how you wish to do this

    • +

  • Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback

    • +

  • Discuss and get feedback before you code

    • +

  • Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it

    • +

  • Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code which might be rejected

    • +

  • If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as +reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change

    • +
+
+
+
+

WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests

+
    +

  • Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with “WIP” or “Draft” are not to be merged yet

    • +

  • They are there to collect feedback on unfinished work

    • +

  • On GitHub you can create draft pull requests +which cannot be merged until marked ready for review.

    • +

  • Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with “WIP” or “Draft”)

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change

    • +

  • Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work

    • +
+
+
+
+

Licenses matter

+
    +

  • If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license

    • +

  • If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, clarify its license and +copyright with the submitter, before merging

    • +
+
+
+

How to make sure that you don’t merge malicious code

+

(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some)

+
    +

  • Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past +without all future hashes changing

    • +

  • Projects like https://github.com/torvalds/linux or https://github.com/Homebrew/brew +have to be extremely careful what they accept

    • +

  • Browse the code changes before merging them

    • +

  • If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information

    • +

  • Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know

    • +

  • Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity

    • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes.

    • +

  • Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/distributed/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/distributed/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10c7172 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/distributed/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,634 @@ + + + + + + + Distributed version control and forking workflow — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Distributed version control and forking workflow
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Distributed version control and forking workflow

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +

  • Get comfortable with the forking workflow.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Forking layout

+
+Forking workflow +
+

Forking workflow. Red is the central repository, where only +owners have access. Green are forks on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). Blue are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer.

+
+
+

In the forking layout, again we call one repository the “central” +repository but people push to forks (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket).

+

Features:

+
    +

  • Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission +(to public projects).

    • +

  • Maintainer still has full control over what is merged.

    • +

  • Contributors now have more than one remote to work with.

    • +
+

This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples:

+ +
+

Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?

+
    +

  • It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else.

    • +

  • The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop.

    • +

  • The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling.

    • +

  • Backup.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Working with multiple remotes

+

In the forking layout described above we work with multiple remotes, +in this case two remotes: One remote refers to the “central” repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork.

+
    +

  • There is nothing special about the name origin. The origin is an alias/placeholder (think of “sticky note” referring to an URL).

    • +

  • We can name these aliases as we like.

    • +

  • We can add and remove remotes:

    +
    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote rm upstream
+
+$ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git
+$ git remote rm group-repo
+
+$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • To see all remotes:

    +
    $ git remote --verbose
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+

Warning

+

We will work with a new repository for this exercise!

+

For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the forking-workflow-exercise.

+
+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Maintainer (team lead):

+ +

Learners in exercise team: Fork the newly created repository (not the +“coderefinery” one) and then clone your fork.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in git graph:

+
    +

  • git graph - almost every time. As a reminder, to define git graph use:

    +
    $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • git status - when you modify files.

    • +
+
+

Step A: Fork and clone

+

First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork).

+
+../_images/how-to-fork.png +
+

How to fork.

+
+
+

Then clone your fork to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL from the web browser. The URL should start with +git@github.com:. Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-1.svg
+

Forking followed by cloning.

+
+
+

This is how it looks after we fork:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
    +

  • A fork is basically a (bare) clone.

    • +

  • The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories.

    • +

  • When forking we copy all commits, all branches.

    • +
+

After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-01.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step B: Open an “issue” as a change proposal

+

Before we start any coding, open a new “Issue” on the central repository as a +“proposal” where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number.

+

Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding.

+
+
+

Step C: Modify and commit

+

Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example:

+
$ git branch myname-feature    # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose
+$ git switch myname-feature
+
+
+

On the new branch create a new file which will hold your recipe, +for instance traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md (but change the name). You can get inspired +here. Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!).

+

There is also a file called test.py which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +“taco” (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing.

+

Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message reference the issue which you have opened earlier with “this is my +commit message; closes #N” (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B).

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

And here is a picture of what just happened:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-02.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step D: Push your changes to the fork

+

Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than “myname-feature”. Also verify where “origin” points to.

+
$ git push origin myname-feature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step E: Open a pull request

+

Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository.

+
+

Pictorial representation for steps D and E

+
+../_images/forking-2.svg
+

Push followed by a pull request.

+
+
+

A pull-request means: “please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click”.

+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged:

+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F: View your pull request

+

Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory.

+

Wait here until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together.

+

Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain the right keywords).

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+

We do this step together. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks

+

We do this part after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated.

+

Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants.

+

Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork.

+

On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below):

+
+Updating the fork via GitHub web interface +
+

Updating the fork via GitHub web interface.

+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line

+

Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like origin or upstream.

+

Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork:

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main
+$ git push FORK-URL main
+
+
+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-3.svg
+

Pull followed by push to a different remote.

+
+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)

+

Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step.

+
$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL
+$ git fetch central
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-04.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git switch main
+$ git merge central/main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-05.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git push origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-04.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-06.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+../_images/remote.jpg +
+
    +

  • Luke Skywalker: You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.

    • +

  • Ben Kenobi: That’s good. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world.

    • +
+

[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope]

+
+

Discussion: Always create a feature branch

+

For each pull request create a new branch. Motivation:

+
    +

  • Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull +request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit +to branch).

    • +

  • History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository +does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/exercises/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/exercises/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fc0558 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/exercises/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + + + + + List of exercises — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+

Centralized workflow

+

In centralized.md:

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+

In centralized.md:

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+

In centralized.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+

In centralized.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+
+

Distributed version control and forking workflow

+

In distributed.md:

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

In distributed.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+

In distributed.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+

In distributed.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+

In bare-repos.md:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/genindex/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e6b205 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ + + + + + + Index — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/guide/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e62d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Schedule Day 3

+
    +

  • 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question

    • +

  • 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight

    • +

  • 09:15 - 09:30: Concepts around collaboration

    +
      +

    • Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch.

      • +

    • Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing.

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 09:30 - 11:00: Centralized workflow

    +
      +

    • 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts

      • +

    • 9:45 - 9:55: Break

      • +

    • 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome

      • +

    • 10:00 - 10:30: Exercise

      • +

    • 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break

    • +

  • 12:00 - 13:10: Distributed version control and forking workflow

    +
      +

    • 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes

      • +

    • 12:15 - 12:45: Exercise

      • +

    • 12:45 - 12:55 Break

      • +

    • 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 13:10 - 13:30: How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project and Q&A

    • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+

In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it’s essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The git-intro lesson +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub.

+

This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git.

+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+

By the end of this lesson, learners should:

+
    +

  • Understand the concept of remotes

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows

    • +

  • Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects

    • +

  • Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues

    • +

  • Know how to update a fork

    • +

  • Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer

    • +
+
+
+

Interesting questions you might get

+
    +

  • If participants run git graph they might notice origin/HEAD. This has been +omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the +default branch of the remote repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Timing

+
    +

  • The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, +so at least an hour is required for it.

    • +

  • The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only +introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the +time of the first episode.

    • +

  • The “How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project” episode can be +covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. +However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome.

    • +
+
+
+

Preparing exercises

+

Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about “maintainer” who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository.

+

Live stream:

+
    +

  • Create the centralized exercises in an organization (not under your username) so +that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you +can then fork yourself if needed.

    • +

  • For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under +https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises.

    • +

  • We have created two versions of each a day in advance to signal which one might end up +being discussed on recording/stream:

    +
      +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise

      • +
    +
    • +

  • Protect the default branch of the two centralized-* repositories.

    • +

  • We create a organization team, stream-exercise-participants. The +centralized workflow exercise repos have this team added as a +collaborator (not forking - they fork so they don’t need write +access there).

    • +

  • We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via +issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, access-requests, +create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a +new issue in that repository. The day before

    +
      +

    • Why a fifth repository? So that learners don’t get emails from all +other access requests once they get added to the team

      • +

    • Sample text:

      +
      On Thursday we will all practice how to collaborate using Git/GitHub
+and one ambitious thing we will try is to collaborate with
+participants following via stream. This does not apply to teams and
+exercise groups who will create their own exercise repositories and
+these groups can ignore the rest of this section.
+
+For this to work we will need to give you access to a practice
+repository.  This is option, you could just watch instead. We delete
+these repositories after the workshop and will not use your username
+for anything other than this exercise.
+
+If you would like to participate in this, could you please open an
+issue here.  Give any title like "please add me" and then click
+submit:
+- https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new
+
+Example for how I requested access:
+- https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/1
+
      +
      +
      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Typical pitfalls

+
+

Difference between pull and pull requests

+

The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc.

+
+
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch

+

The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained.

+
+
+
+

Other practical aspects

+
    +

  • In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so +that they can see the screens. From the beginning.

    • +

  • Emphasize use of git graph a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/hooks/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/hooks/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21d3235 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/hooks/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ + + + + + + + Hooks — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Hooks

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+

Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to trigger scripts +which take care of some tasks. Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks.

+
+

Client-side hooks

+

You can find and edit them here:

+
$ ls -l .git/hooks/
+
+
+
    +

  • pre-commit: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass)

    • +

  • prepare-commit-msg: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages)

    • +

  • commit-msg: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern)

    • +

  • post-commit: after commit process (example: notification)

    • +

  • pre-rebase: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits)

    • +

  • post-rewrite: run by commands that rewrite commits

    • +

  • post-checkout: after successful git checkout (example: generating documentation)

    • +

  • post-merge: after successful merge

    • +

  • pre-push: runs during git push before any objects have been transferred

    • +

  • pre-auto-gc: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place

    • +
+

See also https://pre-commit.com, +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

+

Example for a pre-commit hook which checks whether a Python code is PEP 8-compliant +using pycodestyle:

+
#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# ignore errors due to too long lines
+pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/
+
+
+
+
+

Server-side hooks

+

You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab.

+
    +

  • pre-receive: before accepting any references

    • +

  • update: like pre-receive but runs once per pushed branch

    • +

  • post-receive: after entire process is completed

    • +

  • Typical use:

    +
      +

    • Maintenance work

      • +

    • Automated tests

      • +

    • Refreshing of documentation/website

      • +

    • Sanity checks

      • +

    • Code style checks

      • +

    • Email notification

      • +

    • Rebuilding software packages

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services

+

GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. git push or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible.

+

These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly.

+

You can read more about these services here:

+ +

In our projects we use these services to:

+
    +

  • Build websites

    • +

  • Build documentation

    • +

  • Run tests

    • +

  • Create containers

    • +

  • Package and upload packages

    • +

  • Spellchecking

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b53d36 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborative distributed version control — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborative distributed version control

+

We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing?

+
    +

  • Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: +This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult +keep all copies synchronized.

    • +

  • One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of +more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition.

    • +

  • Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. +Good for small groups.

    • +

  • Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without +advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with.

    • +
+

Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +transformative (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +This can’t be done without proper tools.

+

In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services. We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  1. Basic understanding of Git.

    2. +

  2. You need a GitHub account.

    3. +
+

We will do this exercise on GitHub but also +GitLab and +Bitbucket allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +GitHub. We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +GitHub because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +GitHub-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform.

+

We also encourage course participants to use our Nordic research +software repository platform, +for more information see +https://coderefinery.org/repository/.

+
+
+

Core episodes

+ +
+
+

Optional episodes

+ +
+
+

Reference

+ +
+
+

About

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/lesson.pdf b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/lesson.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d9682f Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/lesson.pdf differ diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/objects.inv b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99661d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/objects.inv @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# Sphinx inventory version 2 +# Project: Collaborative distributed version control +# Version: +# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib. +xڕKN0>H,l$@E'liYq IpMBbeإpX8lɃ^ʅrx%[ wV4z&'DVH0MӓUz&)B]vA:L8G! +d#l~X:?_ZG(SsxHb&;!3ZE1I1[9<ǂ@ՊXV[1͐r՝VFkvY K[;*lĦDL]qys=+%Sq8 #')Shb,a@o=f%ň6xr,(lr{>i[Q#l/e`& 9 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/reference/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be7f3b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ + + + + + + + Quick reference — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick reference

+
+

Other cheatsheets

+

See the git-intro cheatsheet for +the basics.

+ +
+
+

Glossary

+
    +

  • remote: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A +repository can be linked to several other remotes.

    • +

  • push: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository

    • +

  • fetch: Update your view of another repository

    • +

  • pull: Fetch (above) and then merge

    • +

  • origin: Default name for a remote repository.

    • +

  • origin/NAME: A branch name which represents a remote branch.

    • +

  • main: Default name for main branch.

    • +

  • merge: Combine the changes on two branches.

    • +

  • conflict: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, +git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the +conflict to the user to resolve.

    • +

  • issue: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion +related to a repository.

    • +

  • pull request: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a +code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In +Gitlab, called “merge request”.

    • +

  • git hook: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for +example to do tests before allowing you to commit.

    • +

  • bare repository: A copy of a repository that only is only the .git +directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names +usually like something.git

    • +
+
+
+

Commands we use

+

This excludes most introduced in the git-intro +cheatsheet.

+

Setup:

+
    +

  • git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]: Make a copy of existing +repository at <url>, containing all history.

    • +
+

Status:

+
    +

  • git status: Same as in basic git, list status

    • +

  • git remote [-v]: List all remotes

    • +

  • git graph: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command +with git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"

    • +
+

General work:

+
    +

  • git switch BRANCH-NAME: Make a branch active.

    • +

  • git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]: Send commits and +update the branch on the remote.

    • +

  • git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]: Fetch and then merge +automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch +and merge separately.

    • +

  • git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]: Get commits from the remote. Doesn’t +update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches +(like origin/NAME).

    • +

  • git merge [BRANCH-NAME]: Updates your current branch with +changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is +tracking by default.

    • +

  • git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL: Adds a new remote with a +certain name.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/remotes/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/remotes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c0781c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/remotes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ + + + + + + + Concepts around collaboration — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Concepts around collaboration

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching

    • +
+
+
+

Motivation

+
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  • Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute?

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  • We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back.

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  • Then, we make a “pull request” that allows a review.

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  • Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes +to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external +contributors.

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Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones

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  • repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).

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  • commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).

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  • branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main.

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  • tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque +that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).

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  • cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one.

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  • forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your +copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.

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Cloning a repository

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In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the git clone command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations:

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  • Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer.

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  • The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository.

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  • Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code.

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+Cloning +
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Cloning

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Forking a repository

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When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access.

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  • In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (main or master), and to other branches.

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  • The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests.

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+Forking +
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Forking

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Generating from templates and importing

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There are two more ways to create “copies” of repositories into your user space:

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  • A repository can be marked as template and new repositories can be +generated from it, like using a cookie-cutter. +The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not +inherit the history of the template.

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+Generating from a template +
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Generating from a template.

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  • You can import a repository from another hosting service or web address. +This will preserve the history of the imported project.

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+Importing a repository +
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Importing a repository.

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Discussion

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  • Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out +how many forks exist and where they are.

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  • In which situations could it be useful to start from a “template” repository by generating?

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Synchronizing changes between repositories

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  • We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories.

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  • We will pull or fetch updates from remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch).

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  • We will push updates to remote repositories.

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  • We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (pull request).

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  • Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: +We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the “central” repository).

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  • A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab.

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+Forking and cloning +
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Forking and cloning

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/search/index.html b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e1a23f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/rkdarst--gh-workflow/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ + + + + + + Search — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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5, "time": 5, "pitfal": 5, "differ": 5, "between": [5, 9], "other": [5, 8], "practic": 5, "aspect": 5, "hook": 6, "client": 6, "side": 6, "server": 6, "action": 6, "continu": 6, "integr": 6, "servic": 6, "prerequisit": 7, "core": 7, "episod": 7, "refer": [7, 8], "quick": 8, "cheatsheet": 8, "glossari": 8, "concept": 9, "around": 9, "gener": 9, "templat": 9, "import": 9, "synchron": 9}, "envversion": {"sphinx.domains.c": 2, "sphinx.domains.changeset": 1, "sphinx.domains.citation": 1, "sphinx.domains.cpp": 8, "sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 2, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 3, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx": 57}, "alltitles": {"Non-bare and bare repositories": [[0, "non-bare-and-bare-repositories"], [4, "non-bare-and-bare-repositories"]], "Objectives": [[0, "objectives-0"], [1, "objectives-0"], [2, "objectives-0"], [3, "objectives-0"], [6, "objectives-0"], [9, "objectives-0"]], "Instructor note": [[0, "instructor-note-0"], [1, "instructor-note-0"], [1, "instructor-note-1"], [1, "instructor-note-2"], [2, "instructor-note-0"], [3, "instructor-note-0"], [6, "instructor-note-0"], [9, "instructor-note-0"]], "Non-bare repository": [[0, "non-bare-repository"]], "Bare repository": [[0, "bare-repository"]], "Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository": [[0, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Keypoints": [[0, "keypoints-0"], [1, "keypoints-0"], [2, "keypoints-0"]], "Centralized workflow": [[1, "centralized-workflow"], [4, "centralized-workflow"]], "Meaning of \u201ccentral\u201d in a distributed version control": [[1, "meaning-of-central-in-a-distributed-version-control"]], "Centralized layout": [[1, "centralized-layout"]], "Exercise preparation": [[1, "exercise-preparation"], [1, "prerequisites-0"], [3, "exercise-preparation"], [3, "prerequisites-0"]], "If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson)": [[1, null]], "Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request": [[1, "exercise-part-1-creating-a-pull-request"], [3, "exercise-part-1-creating-a-pull-request"]], "Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request": [[1, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Hint for breakout rooms": [[1, "callout-0"]], "Step A. Clone your maintainer\u2019s group repository": [[1, "step-a-clone-your-maintainer-s-group-repository"]], "Representation of what happens when you clone": [[1, null]], "Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory": [[1, "step-b-change-directory-into-the-newly-created-directory"]], "Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit": [[1, "step-c-create-a-branch-yourname-somefeature-pointing-at-your-commit"]], "Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt": [[1, "step-d-create-a-file-with-a-unique-name-e-g-yourusername-txt"]], "Step E. Stage and commit the change": [[1, "step-e-stage-and-commit-the-change"]], "The commit only exists locally": [[1, null]], "Step F. Push your change as a new branch": [[1, "step-f-push-your-change-as-a-new-branch"]], "If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push": [[1, null], [3, null]], "Now the commit also exists on the remote repository": [[1, null]], "Meaning of -u": [[1, null]], "Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits": [[1, "step-g-browse-the-network-of-branches-and-commits"]], "Step H. Submit a pull request": [[1, "step-h-submit-a-pull-request"]], "Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes": [[1, "exercise-part-2-code-review-and-merging-changes"], [3, "exercise-part-2-code-review-and-merging-changes"]], "Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)": [[1, "exercise-1"], [4, "exercise-1"]], "Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests": [[1, "step-2a-discuss-and-accept-pull-requests"]], "Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged": [[1, null]], "Discussion": [[1, "discussion-0"], [9, "discussion-0"]], "Step 2B. Update your local copy": [[1, "step-2b-update-your-local-copy"]], "Optional exercises": [[1, "optional-exercises"]], "(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using \u201c#N\u201d": [[1, "exercise-2"], [4, "exercise-2"]], "(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch \u201cyourname-somefeature\u201d? (exercise/discussion)": [[1, "exercise-3"], [4, "exercise-3"]], "Solution": [[1, "solution-0"], [4, "solution-0"]], "Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches": [[1, "discussion-1"]], "Creating pull requests from the command line": [[1, "callout-1"]], "How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator": [[1, "callout-2"]], "GitHub/GitLab organizations": [[1, "callout-3"]], "How to contribute changes to somebody else\u2019s project": [[2, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-somebody-else-s-project"]], "Contributing very minor changes": [[2, "contributing-very-minor-changes"]], "If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it": [[2, "if-you-observe-an-issue-and-have-an-idea-how-to-fix-it"]], "Motivation": [[2, null], [2, null], [2, null], [9, "motivation"]], "If you have an idea for a new feature": [[2, "if-you-have-an-idea-for-a-new-feature"]], "WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests": [[2, "wip-work-in-progress-merge-requests-and-draft-pull-requests"]], "Licenses matter": [[2, "licenses-matter"]], "How to make sure that you don\u2019t merge malicious code": [[2, "how-to-make-sure-that-you-don-t-merge-malicious-code"]], "Distributed version control and forking workflow": [[3, "distributed-version-control-and-forking-workflow"], [4, "distributed-version-control-and-forking-workflow"]], "Forking layout": [[3, "forking-layout"]], "Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?": [[3, "discussion-0"]], "Working with multiple remotes": [[3, "working-with-multiple-remotes"]], "Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request": [[3, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Step A: Fork and clone": [[3, "step-a-fork-and-clone"]], "Pictorial representation of this step": [[3, null], [3, null], [3, null]], "Step B: Open an \u201cissue\u201d as a change proposal": [[3, "step-b-open-an-issue-as-a-change-proposal"]], "Step C: Modify and commit": [[3, "step-c-modify-and-commit"]], "Step D: Push your changes to the fork": [[3, "step-d-push-your-changes-to-the-fork"]], "Step E: Open a pull request": [[3, "step-e-open-a-pull-request"]], "Pictorial representation for steps D and E": [[3, null]], "Step F: View your pull request": [[3, "step-f-view-your-pull-request"]], "(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request": [[3, "exercise-1"], [4, "exercise-1"]], "(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.": [[3, "exercise-2"], [4, "exercise-2"]], "(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request": [[3, "exercise-3"], [4, "exercise-3"]], "Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks": [[3, "exercise-part-3-updating-forks"]], "Updating the fork using the command line": [[3, null]], "Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)": [[3, null]], "Discussion: Always create a feature branch": [[3, "discussion-1"]], "List of exercises": [[4, "list-of-exercises"]], "Full list": [[4, "full-list"]], "Instructor guide": [[5, "instructor-guide"]], "Schedule Day 3": [[5, "schedule-day-3"]], "Why we teach this lesson": [[5, "why-we-teach-this-lesson"]], "Intended learning outcomes": [[5, "intended-learning-outcomes"]], "Interesting questions you might get": [[5, "interesting-questions-you-might-get"]], "Timing": [[5, "timing"]], "Preparing exercises": [[5, "preparing-exercises"]], "Typical pitfalls": [[5, "typical-pitfalls"]], "Difference between pull and pull requests": [[5, "difference-between-pull-and-pull-requests"]], "Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch": [[5, "pull-requests-are-from-branch-to-branch-not-from-commit-to-branch"]], "Other practical aspects": [[5, "other-practical-aspects"]], "Hooks": [[6, "hooks"]], "Client-side hooks": [[6, "client-side-hooks"]], "Server-side hooks": [[6, "server-side-hooks"]], "Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services": [[6, "actions-workflows-and-continuous-integration-services"]], "Collaborative distributed version control": [[7, "collaborative-distributed-version-control"]], "Prerequisites": [[7, "prerequisites-0"]], "Core episodes": [[7, null]], "Optional episodes": [[7, null]], "Reference": [[7, null]], "About": [[7, null]], "Quick reference": [[8, "quick-reference"]], "Other cheatsheets": [[8, "other-cheatsheets"]], "Glossary": [[8, "glossary"]], "Commands we use": [[8, "commands-we-use"]], "Concepts around collaboration": [[9, "concepts-around-collaboration"]], "Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones": [[9, "commits-branches-repositories-forks-clones"]], "Cloning a repository": [[9, "cloning-a-repository"]], "Forking a repository": [[9, "forking-a-repository"]], "Generating from templates and importing": [[9, "generating-from-templates-and-importing"]], "Synchronizing changes between repositories": [[9, "synchronizing-changes-between-repositories"]]}, "indexentries": {}}) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/.buildinfo b/branch/updateimages3/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1d5810 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: a19fa66fc09c874829b1e5a9cbdbe304 +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/.nojekyll b/branch/updateimages3/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/01-local.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/01-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77fb349 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/01-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + origin/main + + + + + main + + + + + HEAD + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/01-remote.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/01-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1908ed --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/01-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/04-local.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/04-local.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..477663c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/04-local.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + HEAD + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/04-remote.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/04-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5094362 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/04-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/06-remote.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/06-remote.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f1b84f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/06-remote.svg @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + m1 + + + b1 + + + + + yourname-somefeature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/07-local.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/07-local.svg new file mode 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clone on a computer + + + + fork + + clone + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-2.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-2.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1475697 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-2.svg @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + pull request + + push + fork + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-3.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-3.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..852b897 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-3.svg @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + push + pull/fetch + fork + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/forking-overview.svg 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main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-04.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..554b6f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-05.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-05.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a1823 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-05.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-local-06.svg 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+ + feature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-remote-03.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-remote-03.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df33ce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-remote-03.svg @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-remote-04.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-remote-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aadb3b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_images/github-remote-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_images/how-to-fork.png b/branch/updateimages3/_images/how-to-fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..274621b Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/updateimages3/_images/how-to-fork.png differ diff --git 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repositories. +- Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +## Non-bare repository + +- A **non-bare repository** contains `.git/` as well as a snapshot of your + tracked files that you can directly edit called **the working tree** (the + actual files you can edit). +- **This is where we edit and commit changes**. +- When we create a repository with `git init`, it is a non-bare, "normal", repository. + + +## Bare repository + +- A **bare repository** contains only the `.git/` part, no files you can directly edit. +- By convention the names of bare repositories end with `.git` to emphasize this. +- We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository. +- GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository. +- You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository. + +If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer: + +````{exercise} Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository +- Create a new local repository with `git init`. + ```console + $ cd /path/to/example + $ git init + ``` +- Populate it with a file and a commit or two. +- Create one or two branches. +- Clone this repository on the same computer with either `--bare` or `--mirror`: + ```console + $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare + ``` +- Inspect the bare repository. +- Clone the bare repository: + ```console + $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone + $ cd /path/to/example-clone + ``` +- Inside the clone inspect `git remote -v`. +- Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to `origin`. +- The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes. +```` + +```{keypoints} +- We do programming work inside non-bare repositories. +- We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from. +``` diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/centralized.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/centralized.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20c309a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/centralized.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,532 @@ +# Centralized workflow + +```{objectives} +- Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow. +- Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Meaning of "central" in a distributed version control + +In this episode, we will explore the usage of a **centralized workflow** for collaborating online on a project +**within one repository on GitHub**. This means that everyone has +access to that **central repository** - convenient (but doesn't scale to a huge +project). + +In {doc}`the next section `, we will see that Git is +**distributed** version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just "everything connects to one central server". + + + +## Centralized layout + +```{figure} img/forking/centralized.svg +:alt: Centralized layout +:width: 50% + +Centralized layout. **Red** is the repository on GitHub. **Blue** is +where all contributors work on their own computers. +``` + +Features: + +- Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows). +- Suited for cases where **all developers are in the same group or organization or project**. +- **Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access**. +- Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically `main` or `master`). + +Real life examples: + +- Within the CodeRefinery team we mostly use this approach: [https://github.com/coderefinery](https://github.com/coderefinery) +- [https://github.com/ropensci/plotly](https://github.com/ropensci/plotly) + + +## Exercise preparation + +In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (**maintainer**) will create the exercise repository, and +**collaborators** will contribute to it. We'll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls. + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + - Form not too large groups (4-5 persons). + - Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared + GitHub repository: the *maintainer*. + This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else + is a *collaborator*. + - The **maintainer** (one person per group) generates a new repository + from the template + called `centralized-workflow-exercise` (There is no need to tick *"Include all branches"* for this exercise): + ```{figure} img/centralized/generate_repo.png + :alt: Screenshot of generating the exercise repository + :width: 100% + ``` + - Then **everyone in your group** needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository: + - Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer. + - Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL. + - Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator). + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. This exercise is only possible during our + livestream courses. + The preparation typically happens already the day before. + + ```{admonition} If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson) + --- + class: dropdown + --- + If you have not yet requested access, could you please [open an + issue in this + repository](https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new/choose). + Wait a + minute for staff to add you, then wait for the invite email to arrive and + accept the invitation from the email and "unwatch" repositories (below). + ``` + + **Choose only one to work with** (you must have requested access already, see above) + + - Not recorded: + + (this will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is public + on the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + ```` +````` + +- **Don't forget to accept the invitation** + - Check + - Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with + GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don't receive it + you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The + maintainer can also "copy invite link" and share it within the group. + +(unwatch)= + +- **Watching and unwatching repositories** + - Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull + requests via email. + - If you do not wish this, you can "unwatch" a repository (top of + the project page). + - However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested + in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the + activity that come through a popular project. + ```{figure} img/centralized/unwatch.png + :alt: Unwatching a repository + + Unwatch a repository by clicking "Unwatch" in the repository view, + then "Participating and @mentions" - this way, you will get + notifications about your own interactions. + ``` + +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request +- Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above). +- Then work on steps A-H. +- There are also optional exercises. +- Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands: + - `git graph` - almost every time + - `git status` - when you modify files +``` + +```{callout} Hint for breakout rooms +If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository's maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers! +``` + + +### Step A. Clone your maintainer's group repository + +```console +$ git clone centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Where `` is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer. + +**Clone using the SSH path** you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +`git@github.com:`), not the one that starts with `https://github.com`. +Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Representation of what happens when you clone +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/01-local.svg + +local +``` + +Here and in what follows, "c1" is a commit, "b1" etc. are commits on side branches +and "m1" is a merge commit. + +- We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include *all branches* when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (*initial commit*). +- `git clone` creates pointers `origin/main` so you can see the branches of the origin. +- `origin` refers to where we cloned from. +- `origin` is a shortcut for the full URL. +- `origin/main` is a read-only pointer. +- The branches starting with `origin/` only move during `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push`. +- Only `git pull` or `git fetch` or `git push` require network. +- All other operations are local operations. +```` + + +### Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory + +```console +$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise +``` + +Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using `git remote -v`. + + +### Step C. Create a branch `yourname-somefeature` pointing at your commit + +Create a branch from the current `main`. Also adapt "yourname-somefeature" to a better name: + +```console +$ git branch yourname-somefeature main +$ git switch yourname-somefeature +``` + +The `yourname-` prefix has no special meaning here (not like `origin/`): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it. + + +### Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: `yourusername.txt` + +In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don't share something you +don't want to become public for the duration of the exercise). + + +### Step E. Stage and commit the change + +```console +$ git add yourusername.txt +$ git commit +``` + +````{admonition} The commit only exists locally +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/01-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + + +### Step F. Push your change as a new branch + +```console +$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Now the commit also exists on the remote repository +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/04-remote.svg + +remote or central (read figure left to right) +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local (read figure left to right) +``` +```` + +```{admonition} Meaning of -u +--- +class: dropdown +--- +The `-u` or `--set-upstream` will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages: +- If you from here on only type `git push` or `git pull` without branchname, Git will know what branch you + refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where + you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly. +- When you type `git status`, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch + that it tracks. + +However, also without the `-u` this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time. +``` + + +### Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits + +After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see. + + +### Step H. Submit a pull request + +Submit a pull request from your branch towards the `main` branch. +Do this through the web interface. + +Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with *almost no work* on the maintainer's side - a big win. + +There are **several options to open a pull request**: +- Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab +- Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button "Compare & pull request" +- Click on "Pull requests" on top of the GitHub repository and either "Compare & pull request" or "New pull request" +- Click on "Branches" and then "New pull request" from the respective branch + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +```{exercise} Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together) +- **We do step 2A and 2B together** (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories). +``` + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request. +- When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also. +- Discuss what you look at when submitting. +- Discuss what you look at when reviewing. +``` + + +### Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests + +**We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + +````{admonition} Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/04-local.svg + +local +``` +```` + +Finally also discuss the "network" on GitHub. + +```{instructor-note} +At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests: +- [GitHub](http://haacked.com/archive/2019/06/03/suggested-changes/) +- [GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/merge_requests/reviews/suggestions.html) +``` + +```{discussion} +**Naming** + +- In GitLab or BitBucket these are named **merge requests**, not **pull requests**. +- Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which + context? (The name **pull request** may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode). +- It can be useful to think of them as **change proposals**. + +**Pull requests can be used for code review** + +- We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group. +- Collaborative learning +- OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers +- In our example everyone has write access to the "central" repository. + +**Pull requests are from branch to branch** + +- They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch. +- Not from commit to branch. +- Pull requests create new commits on the target branch. +- They do not create new branches. + +**Protected branches** + +- A good setting for large projects is to make the `main` branch **protected** and all changes to it have to go + through code review. +- Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects. + +**Read more** + +- This is a great resource: [Practical git PRs for small teams](https://scicomp.aalto.fi/scicomp/practical-git-prs/) +``` + + +### Step 2B. Update your local copy + +Your branch `yourname-somefeature` is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: **Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository** but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions. + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/06-remote.svg + +remote or central +``` + +```{figure} img/centralized/07-local.svg + +local +``` + +## Optional exercises + +```{exercise} (optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using "#N" +We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will **first create an issue**. + +1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives + others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. **Note the issue number**, you + will need it in step 3. +2. Create a new branch and switch to it. +3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you + did, but also add that this "closes #N" (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1). +4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the + issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request + form (add a "closes #N" to the title or description). +5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including `#N`. +6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically + closed. This only happens for certain keywords like `closes` or `fix`. +7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues + with commits or pull requests. + +See also the [GitHub documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue) +for more examples. +``` + +````{exercise} (optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch "yourname-somefeature"? (exercise/discussion) + Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - + the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. + Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the + [how much Git is necessary?](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/level/) episode of the git-intro lesson. + + In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch + and create a pull-request. Let's now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) + makes a new change (create a new file) + but without creating a new branch. + + 1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally. + 2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository: + + ```console + $ git push origin main + ``` + You probably see something like this: + + ```console + $ git push + + To https://github.com/user/repo.git + ! [rejected] main -> main (non-fast-forward) + error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git' + To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected + Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the + 'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details. + ``` + + - The push only worked for one participant (one clone). + - Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected? + + ```{solution} + The push for everyone except one person fails because they are missing one + commit in their local repository that exists on the remote. They will first + need to pull the remote changes before pushing their own, which will usually + result in a merge commit. + ``` +```` + +````{discussion} Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches + If there is a remote branch `somefeature`, we can create a local branch and start tracking `origin/somefeature` like this: + ```console + $ git switch somefeature + ``` + + Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it: + ```console + $ git pull origin somefeature + $ git push origin somefeature + ``` + + We can also delete remote branches: + ```console + $ git push origin --delete somefeature + ``` +```` + +```{callout} Creating pull requests from the command line +There are several possibilties: +- +- +- +``` + +```{callout} How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator +Visit where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to. +``` + +```{callout} GitHub/GitLab organizations +- Projects often start under a personal namespace. +- If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, + one can share projects under an "organization". +- You can then invite collaborators to an organization. +- This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: +``` + +```{keypoints} +- Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work. +- `origin` refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it). +- `origin/mybranch` is a read-only pointer to branch `mybranch` on `origin`. +- These read-only pointers only move when you `git fetch`/`git pull` or `git push`. +``` diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/contributing.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/contributing.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad04e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/contributing.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# How to contribute changes to somebody else's project + +```{objectives} +- Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching/discussion +``` + + +## Contributing very minor changes + +- Clone or fork+clone repository +- Create a branch +- Commit and push change +- Open a pull request or merge request + + +## If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- Describe the problem +- If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion +- Possibly **discuss and get feedback** +- If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it +- Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Inform others about an observed problem** +- Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on +``` + + +## If you have an idea for a new feature + +- Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to +- In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature +- Motivate why and how you wish to do this +- Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback +- **Discuss and get feedback before you code** +- Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it +- Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal + +```{admonition} Motivation +- **Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code** which might be rejected +- If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as + reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change +``` + + +## WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests + +- Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with "WIP" or "Draft" are not to be merged yet +- They are there to **collect feedback on unfinished work** +- On GitHub you can create [draft pull requests](https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-requests/) + which cannot be merged until marked ready for review. +- Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with "WIP" or "Draft") + +```{admonition} Motivation +- Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change +- Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work +``` + + +## Licenses matter + +- If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license +- If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, **clarify its license and + copyright** with the submitter, before merging + + +## How to make sure that you don't merge malicious code + +(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some) + +- Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past + without all future hashes changing +- Projects like or + have to be extremely careful what they accept +- Browse the code changes before merging them +- If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information +- Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know +- Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity + + +```{keypoints} +- Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes. +- **Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes**. +``` diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/distributed.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/distributed.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00807db --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/distributed.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,515 @@ +# Distributed version control and forking workflow + +```{objectives} +- Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab. +- Get comfortable with the forking workflow. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 30 min teaching +- 30 min exercises +``` + + +## Forking layout + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-overview.svg +:alt: Forking workflow +:width: 50% + +Forking workflow. **Red** is the central repository, where only +owners have access. **Green** are *forks* on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). **Blue** are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer. +``` + +In the **forking layout**, again we call one repository the "central" +repository but people push to **forks** (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket). + +Features: + +- **Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission** + (to public projects). +- Maintainer still has **full control over what is merged**. +- Contributors now have **more than one remote** to work with. + +This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples: + +- [NumPy](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html) +- [JupyterLab](https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab) + +```{discussion} Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone? +- It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else. +- The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop. +- The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling. +- Backup. +``` + + +## Working with multiple remotes + +In the forking layout described above we work with **multiple remotes**, +in this case **two remotes**: One remote refers to the "central" repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork. + +- There is nothing special about the name `origin`. The `origin` is an alias/placeholder (think of "sticky note" referring to an URL). +- We can name these aliases as we like. +- We can add and remove remotes: + ```console + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote rm upstream + + $ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git + $ git remote rm group-repo + + $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git + $ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git + ``` + +- To see all remotes: + ```console + $ git remote --verbose + ``` + +```{warning} +**We will work with a new repository for this exercise!** + +For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the **forking**-workflow-exercise. +``` + + +## Exercise preparation + +``````{prereq} Exercise preparation +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Part of team/exercise room + + **Maintainer (team lead)**: + - Create an exercise repository by + [generating from a template](https://help.github.com/en/articles/creating-a-repository-from-a-template) + using this template: + called `forking-workflow-exercise` + - In this case we **do not add collaborators** to the repository (this is the point of this example). + - Share the link to the newly created repository with your group. + + **Learners in exercise team**: Fork the newly created repository (not the + "coderefinery" one) and then **clone your fork**. + ```` + + ````{tab} Following on your own + The instructors are the **maintainers**. All watchers are + **collaborators**. + + We create(d) these the day before hopefully. **Choose only one to + work with**: + - Not recorded: + (this + will not be shown on stream or recorded in our videos, but is be public on + the internet until it is deleted) + - Recorded: + + (this will be shown on stream and recorded, **your username and comments + may appear in the recorded video on YouTube**) + + Here we don't need your GitHub usernames because the point of this exercise + is to show that we can collaborate without granting write permissions. + + Learners following on their own: Fork one of these two repositories + and then **clone your fork** to your computer. + ```` +````` +`````` + + +## Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request + +```{exercise} Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request +As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by [tacofancy](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy). + +**Objectives**: +- Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository. +- Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the + forked repository. + +**Exercise**: +- Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes). +- **Learners work on steps A-E** (15-20 minutes). +- There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more. +- After step E you take a break or help others. + Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document. +- **We will review the pull requests together** + and then update forks. +``` + +Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in `git graph`: + +- `git graph` - almost every time. As a reminder, to define `git graph` use: + ```console + $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline" + ``` +- `git status` - when you modify files. + + +### Step A: Fork and clone + +First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork). + +```{figure} img/forking/how-to-fork.png +:class: with-border + +How to fork. +``` + +Then **clone your fork** to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. **Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL** from the web browser. The URL should start with +`git@github.com:`. Otherwise, you won't be able to push later. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: + +```{figure} img/forking/forking-1.svg + +Forking followed by cloning. +``` + +This is how it looks after we fork: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +- A fork is basically a (bare) clone. +- The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories. +- When forking we copy all commits, all branches. + +After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-01.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step B: Open an "issue" as a change proposal + +Before we start any coding, open a new "Issue" on the central repository as a +"proposal" where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number. + +Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding. + + +### Step C: Modify and commit + +Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example: + +```console +$ git branch myname-feature # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose +$ git switch myname-feature +``` + +**On the new branch create a new file** which will hold your recipe, +for instance `traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md` (but change the name). You can get inspired +[here](https://github.com/sinker/tacofancy/tree/master/full_tacos). Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!). + +There is also a file called `test.py` which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +"taco" (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing. + +Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message **reference the issue** which you have opened earlier with "this is my +commit message; closes #N" (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B). + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +And here is a picture of what just happened: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-02.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step D: Push your changes to the fork + +Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than "myname-feature". Also verify where "origin" points to. + +```console +$ git push origin myname-feature +``` + +````{admonition} If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push +--- +class: warning, dropdown +--- +Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see `git remote -v` to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking "Code", copying the SSH URL (starts with `git@github.com:`), +and then updating the URL with: + +```console +$ git remote set-url origin +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation of this step +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-01.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + + +### Step E: Open a pull request + +Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository. + +````{admonition} Pictorial representation for steps D and E +--- +class: dropdown +--- +```{figure} img/forking/forking-2.svg + +Push followed by a pull request. +``` + +A pull-request means: "please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click". + +Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged: + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-03.svg + +local +``` +```` + +**Wait here** until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together. + +Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain [the right keywords](https://help.github.com/en/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords)). + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request +If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request. +``` + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened. +You can do that by pushing **additional commits to the same branch** where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes + +**We do this step together**. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review. + +At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups. + + +```{exercise} (optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request +If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits. + +Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with "Squash and +merge" and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one. +``` + + +## Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks + +We do this part **after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated**. + +Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants. + +Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork. + +On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below): + +```{figure} img/forking/fetch-and-merge.png +:alt: Updating the fork via GitHub web interface + +Updating the fork via GitHub web interface. +``` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like `origin` or `upstream`. + +Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork: +```console +$ git switch main +$ git pull main +$ git push main +``` + +Here is a pictorial representation of this part: +```{figure} img/forking/forking-3.svg + +Pull followed by push to a different remote. +``` +```` + +````{admonition} Updating the fork using the command line (longer version) +--- +class: dropdown +--- +Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step. + +```console +$ git remote add central +$ git fetch central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-04.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git switch main +$ git merge central/main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-02.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-05.svg + +local +``` + +```console +$ git push origin main +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-03.svg + +central +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-remote-04.svg + +fork +``` + +```{figure} img/forking/github-local-06.svg + +local +``` +```` + +--- + +```{figure} img/forking/remote.jpg +``` +- Luke Skywalker: *You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.* +- Ben Kenobi: *That's good. You've taken your first step into a larger world.* + +[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope] + + +```{discussion} Discussion: Always create a feature branch +**For each pull request create a new branch**. Motivation: +- Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull + request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit + to branch). +- History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository + does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork. +``` diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/exercises.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/exercises.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3b4074 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/exercises.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# List of exercises + + +## Full list + +This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests. + +```{exerciselist} +``` diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/guide.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d73e9a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +# Instructor guide + + +## Schedule Day 3 + +- 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question +- 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight +- 09:15 - 09:30: [Concepts around collaboration](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/remotes/) + - Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch. + - Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing. +- 09:30 - 11:00: [Centralized workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/) + - 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts + - 9:45 - 9:55: Break + - 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome + - 10:00 - 10:30: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/centralized/#exercise-preparation) + - 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions +- 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break +- 12:00 - 13:10: [Distributed version control and forking workflow](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/) + - 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes + - 12:15 - 12:45: [Exercise](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/distributed/#exercise-preparation) + - 12:45 - 12:55 Break + - 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions +- 13:10 - 13:30: [How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/contributing/) and Q&A + + +## Why we teach this lesson + +In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it's essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The [git-intro lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/) +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub. + +This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +By the end of this lesson, learners should: +- Understand the concept of remotes +- Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches +- Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows +- Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects +- Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues +- Know how to update a fork +- **Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer** + + +## Interesting questions you might get + +- If participants run `git graph` they might notice `origin/HEAD`. This has been + omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the + default branch of the remote repository. + + +## Timing + +- The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, + so at least an hour is required for it. +- The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only + introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the + time of the first episode. +- The "How to contribute changes to somebody else's project" episode can be + covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. + However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome. + + +## Preparing exercises + +Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about "maintainer" who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository. + +**Live stream**: +- Create the centralized exercises **in an organization** (not under your username) so + that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you + can then fork yourself if needed. +- For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under + . +- We have created two versions of each **a day in advance** to signal which one might end up + being discussed on recording/stream: + - `centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `centralized-workflow-exercise` + - `forking-workflow-exercise-recorded` + - `forking-workflow-exercise` +- Protect the default branch of the two `centralized-*` repositories. +- We create a organization team, `stream-exercise-participants`. The + *centralized* workflow exercise repos have this team added as a + collaborator (*not* forking - they fork so they don't need write + access there). +- We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via + issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, `access-requests`, + create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a + new issue in that repository. The day before + - Why a fifth repository? So that learners don't get emails from all + other access requests once they get added to the team + - Sample text: + ``` + On Thursday we will all practice how to collaborate using Git/GitHub + and one ambitious thing we will try is to collaborate with + participants following via stream. This does not apply to teams and + exercise groups who will create their own exercise repositories and + these groups can ignore the rest of this section. + + For this to work we will need to give you access to a practice + repository. This is option, you could just watch instead. We delete + these repositories after the workshop and will not use your username + for anything other than this exercise. + + If you would like to participate in this, could you please open an + issue here. Give any title like "please add me" and then click + submit: + - https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new + + Example for how I requested access: + - https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/1 + ``` + + +## Typical pitfalls + +### Difference between pull and pull requests + +The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc. + + +### Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch + +The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained. + + +## Other practical aspects + +- In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so + that they can see the screens. From the beginning. +- Emphasize use of `git graph` a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson. diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/hooks.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/hooks.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7944cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/hooks.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# Hooks + +```{objectives} +- Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 10 min teaching/demonstration +``` + + +Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to **trigger scripts** +which take care of some tasks. **Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events**. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks. + + +## Client-side hooks + +You can find and edit them here: + +```console +$ ls -l .git/hooks/ +``` + +- `pre-commit`: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass) +- `prepare-commit-msg`: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages) +- `commit-msg`: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern) +- `post-commit`: after commit process (example: notification) +- `pre-rebase`: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits) +- `post-rewrite`: run by commands that rewrite commits +- `post-checkout`: after successful `git checkout` (example: generating documentation) +- `post-merge`: after successful merge +- `pre-push`: runs during `git push` before any objects have been transferred +- `pre-auto-gc`: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place + +See also , +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks. + +Example for a `pre-commit` hook which checks whether a Python code is [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)-compliant +using [pycodestyle](http://pycodestyle.pycqa.org): + +```bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +# ignore errors due to too long lines +pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/ +``` + + +## Server-side hooks + +You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab. + +- `pre-receive`: before accepting any references +- `update`: like `pre-receive` but runs once per pushed branch +- `post-receive`: after entire process is completed + +- Typical use: + - Maintenance work + - Automated tests + - Refreshing of documentation/website + - Sanity checks + - Code style checks + - Email notification + - Rebuilding software packages + + +## Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services + +GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. `git push` or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible. + +These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly. + +You can read more about these services here: +- [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) +- [GitLab CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/) + +In our projects we use these services to: +- Build websites +- Build documentation +- Run tests +- Create containers +- Package and upload packages +- Spellchecking diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/index.rst.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c9a71a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +.. _index: + +Collaborative distributed version control +========================================= + +We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing? + +- Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: + This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult + keep all copies synchronized. +- One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of + more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition. +- Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. + Good for small groups. +- Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without + advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with. + +Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +*transformative* (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +**This can’t be done without proper tools.** + +**In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services.** We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks. + +.. prereq:: + + 1. Basic understanding of Git. + 2. You need a `GitHub `__ account. + + We will do this exercise on `GitHub `__ but also + `GitLab `__ and + `Bitbucket `__ allow similar workflows and + basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this + material and these exercises we do not endorse the company + `GitHub `__. We have chosen to demonstrate a + number of concepts using examples with + `GitHub `__ because it is currently the most + popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is + high that you will interact with + `GitHub `__-based repositories even if you choose + to host your Git repository on another platform. + + We also encourage course participants to use our `Nordic research + software repository platform `__, + for more information see + `https://coderefinery.org/repository/ `__. + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Core episodes + + remotes.md + centralized.md + distributed.md + contributing.md + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Optional episodes + + hooks.md + bare-repos.md + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Reference + + reference + exercises + guide + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: About + + All lessons + CodeRefinery + Reusing diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/reference.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2fef4ed --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# Quick reference + +## Other cheatsheets + +See the [git-intro cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/) for +the basics. + +* [Interactive git cheatsheet](http://www.ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html) +* [Very detailed 2-page git + cheatsheet](https://aaltoscicomp.github.io/cheatsheets/git-the-way-you-need-it-cheatsheet.pdf) + + +## Glossary + +* **remote**: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A + repository can be linked to several other remotes. +* **push**: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository +* **fetch**: Update your view of another repository +* **pull**: Fetch (above) and then merge +* **origin**: Default name for a remote repository. +* **origin/NAME**: A branch name which represents a remote branch. +* **main**: Default name for main branch. +* **merge**: Combine the changes on two branches. +* **conflict**: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, + git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the + conflict to the user to resolve. +* **issue**: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion + related to a repository. +* **pull request**: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a + code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In + Gitlab, called "**merge request**". +* **git hook**: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for + example to do tests before allowing you to commit. +* **bare repository**: A copy of a repository that only is only the `.git` + directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names + usually like `something.git` + + +## Commands we use + +This excludes most introduced in the [git-intro +cheatsheet](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-intro/reference/). + +Setup: + +* `git clone []`: Make a copy of existing + repository at <url>, containing all history. + +Status: + +* `git status`: Same as in basic git, list status +* `git remote [-v]`: List all remotes +* `git graph`: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command + with `git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"` + +General work: + +* `git switch `: Make a branch active. +* `git push [] [:]`: Send commits and + update the branch on the remote. +* `git pull [] []`: Fetch and then merge + automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch + and merge separately. +* `git fetch []`: Get commits from the remote. Doesn't + update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches + (like origin/NAME). +* `git merge []`: Updates your current branch with + changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is + tracking by default. +* `git remote add `: Adds a new remote with a + certain name. diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_sources/remotes.md.txt b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/remotes.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fc63ec --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_sources/remotes.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +# Concepts around collaboration + +```{objectives} +- Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level. +``` + +```{instructor-note} +- 15 min teaching +``` + + +## Motivation + +- Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute? +- We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back. +- Then, we make a "pull request" that allows a review. +- Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes + to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external + contributors. + + +## Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones + +- **repository**: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags). +- **commit**: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. `c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e`). +- **branch**: Independent development line. The main development line is often called `main`. +- **tag**: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a [commemorative plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative_plaque) + that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. `phd-printed` or `paper-submitted`). +- **cloning**: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one. +- **forking**: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your + copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy. + + +## Cloning a repository + +In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the `git clone` command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations: +* Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer. +* The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository. +* Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code. + +```{figure} img/overview/clone.png +:alt: Cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Cloning +``` + + +## Forking a repository + +When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access. +* In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (`main` or `master`), and to other branches. +* The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests. + +```{figure} img/overview/fork.png +:alt: Forking +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking +``` + + +## Generating from templates and importing + +There are two more ways to create "copies" of repositories into your user space: +- A repository can be marked as **template** and new repositories can be + **generated** from it, like using a cookie-cutter. + The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not + inherit the history of the template. + +```{figure} img/overview/generate.png +:alt: Generating from a template +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Generating from a template. +``` + +- You can **import** a repository from another hosting service or web address. + This will preserve the history of the imported project. + +```{figure} img/overview/import.png +:alt: Importing a repository +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Importing a repository. +``` +--- + +```{discussion} +- Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out + how many forks exist and where they are. +- In which situations could it be useful to start from a "template" repository by generating? +``` + + +## Synchronizing changes between repositories + +- We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories. +- We will **pull** or **fetch** updates **from** remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch). +- We will **push** updates **to** remote repositories. +- We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (**pull request**). +- Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: + We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the "central" repository). +- A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab. + +```{figure} img/overview/forkandclone.png +:alt: Forking and cloning +:width: 100% +:class: with-border + +Forking and cloning +``` diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/branch/updateimages3/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8549469 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +/* + * _sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * WILL BE REMOVED IN Sphinx 6.0 + * xref RemovedInSphinx60Warning + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/basic.css b/branch/updateimages3/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e9a9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,900 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/check-solid.svg b/branch/updateimages3/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/clipboard.min.js b/branch/updateimages3/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton.css b/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + 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0000000..527b876 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +const BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS = new Set([ + "TEXTAREA", + "INPUT", + "SELECT", + "BUTTON", +]); + +const _ready = (callback) => { + if (document.readyState !== "loading") { + callback(); + } else { + document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback); + } +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const Documentation = { + init: () => { + Documentation.initDomainIndexTable(); + Documentation.initOnKeyListeners(); + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS: {}, + PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1), + LOCALE: "unknown", + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext: (string) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + switch (typeof translated) { + case "undefined": + return string; // no translation + case "string": + return translated; // translation exists + default: + return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists + } + }, + + ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated !== "undefined") + return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)]; + return n === 1 ? singular : plural; + }, + + addTranslations: (catalog) => { + Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages); + Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function( + "n", + `return (${catalog.plural_expr})` + ); + Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * helper function to focus on search bar + */ + focusSearchBar: () => { + document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus(); + }, + + /** + * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initDomainIndexTable: () => { + const toggler = (el) => { + const idNumber = el.id.substr(7); + const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`); + if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none")); + } else { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + } + }; + + const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler"); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => + el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget)) + ); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if ( + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS && + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS + ) + return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + + if (!event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.key) { + case "ArrowLeft": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]'); + if (prevLink && prevLink.href) { + window.location.href = prevLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + case "ArrowRight": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]'); + if (nextLink && nextLink.href) { + window.location.href = nextLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + } + } + + // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get / + switch (event.key) { + case "/": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.focusSearchBar(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +// quick alias for translations +const _ = Documentation.gettext; + +_ready(Documentation.init); diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/documentation_options.js b/branch/updateimages3/_static/documentation_options.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c066c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/documentation_options.js @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'), + VERSION: '', + LANGUAGE: 'en', + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + BUILDER: 'dirhtml', + FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', + LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', + HAS_SOURCE: true, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt', + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true, +}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/file.png b/branch/updateimages3/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/updateimages3/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js b/branch/updateimages3/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc6c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js @@ -0,0 +1,10881 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + // Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5 + // Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections + // (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756) + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" && + typeof obj.item !== "function"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.6.0", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), + function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); + } ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2021-02-16 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +} +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the primary Deferred + primary = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( primary.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return primary.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject ); + } + + return primary.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by + // clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If + // that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared, + // leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this. + return result && result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + which: true +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired + // in leverageNative. + _default: function() { + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + // + // Support: Firefox 70+ + // Only Firefox includes border widths + // in computed dimensions. (gh-4529) + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate"; + tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid"; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // Height set through cssText does not get applied. + // Computed height then comes back as 0. + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + // Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+ + // In our bodyBackground.html iframe, + // display for all div elements is set to "inline", + // which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86. + // Ensuring the div is display: block + // gets around this issue. + trChild.style.display = "block"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml, parserErrorElem; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ]; + if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + ( + parserErrorElem ? + jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) { + return el.textContent; + } ).join( "\n" ) : + data + ) ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ).filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ).map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + +originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp + if ( !isSuccess && + jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 && + jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories.

    • +

  • Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+
+

Non-bare repository

+
    +

  • A non-bare repository contains .git/ as well as a snapshot of your +tracked files that you can directly edit called the working tree (the +actual files you can edit).

    • +

  • This is where we edit and commit changes.

    • +

  • When we create a repository with git init, it is a non-bare, “normal”, repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Bare repository

+
    +

  • A bare repository contains only the .git/ part, no files you can directly edit.

    • +

  • By convention the names of bare repositories end with .git to emphasize this.

    • +

  • We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository.

    • +

  • GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository.

    • +

  • You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository.

    • +
+

If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • We do programming work inside non-bare repositories.

    • +

  • We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/centralized/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/centralized/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5acaa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/centralized/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,686 @@ + + + + + + + Centralized workflow — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Centralized workflow

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow.

    • +

  • Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Meaning of “central” in a distributed version control

+

In this episode, we will explore the usage of a centralized workflow for collaborating online on a project +within one repository on GitHub. This means that everyone has +access to that central repository - convenient (but doesn’t scale to a huge +project).

+

In the next section, we will see that Git is +distributed version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just “everything connects to one central server”.

+
+
+

Centralized layout

+
+Centralized layout +
+

Centralized layout. Red is the repository on GitHub. Blue is +where all contributors work on their own computers.

+
+
+

Features:

+
    +

  • Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows).

    • +

  • Suited for cases where all developers are in the same group or organization or project.

    • +

  • Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access.

    • +

  • Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically main or master).

    • +
+

Real life examples:

+ +
+
+

Exercise preparation

+

In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (maintainer) will create the exercise repository, and +collaborators will contribute to it. We’ll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls.

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+
    +

  • Form not too large groups (4-5 persons).

    • +

  • Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared +GitHub repository: the maintainer. +This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else +is a collaborator.

    • +

  • The maintainer (one person per group) generates a new repository +from the template https://github.com/coderefinery/template-centralized-workflow-exercise +called centralized-workflow-exercise (There is no need to tick “Include all branches” for this exercise):

    +
    +Screenshot of generating the exercise repository +
    +
    • +

  • Then everyone in your group needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository:

    +
      +

    • Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer.

      • +

    • Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL.

      • +

    • Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator).

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
    +

  • Don’t forget to accept the invitation

    +
      +

    • Check https://github.com/settings/organizations/

      • +

    • Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with +GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don’t receive it +you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The +maintainer can also “copy invite link” and share it within the group.

      • +
    +
    • +
+
    +

  • Watching and unwatching repositories

    +
      +

    • Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull +requests via email.

      • +

    • If you do not wish this, you can “unwatch” a repository (top of +the project page).

      • +

    • However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested +in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the +activity that come through a popular project.

      • +
    +
    +Unwatching a repository +
    +

    Unwatch a repository by clicking “Unwatch” in the repository view, +then “Participating and @mentions” - this way, you will get +notifications about your own interactions.

    +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Hint for breakout rooms

+

If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository’s maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers!

+
+
+

Step A. Clone your maintainer’s group repository

+
$ git clone <repository-url> centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Where <repository-url> is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer.

+

Clone using the SSH path you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +git@github.com:), not the one that starts with https://github.com. +Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Representation of what happens when you clone

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/01-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+

Here and in what follows, “c1” is a commit, “b1” etc. are commits on side branches +and “m1” is a merge commit.

+
    +

  • We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include all branches when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (initial commit).

    • +

  • git clone creates pointers origin/main so you can see the branches of the origin.

    • +

  • origin refers to where we cloned from.

    • +

  • origin is a shortcut for the full URL.

    • +

  • origin/main is a read-only pointer.

    • +

  • The branches starting with origin/ only move during git pull or git fetch or git push.

    • +

  • Only git pull or git fetch or git push require network.

    • +

  • All other operations are local operations.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory

+
$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using git remote -v.

+
+
+

Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit

+

Create a branch from the current main. Also adapt “yourname-somefeature” to a better name:

+
$ git branch yourname-somefeature main
+$ git switch yourname-somefeature
+
+
+

The yourname- prefix has no special meaning here (not like origin/): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it.

+
+
+

Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt

+

In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don’t share something you +don’t want to become public for the duration of the exercise).

+
+
+

Step E. Stage and commit the change

+
$ git add yourusername.txt
+$ git commit
+
+
+
+

The commit only exists locally

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F. Push your change as a new branch

+
$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin <ssh-repository-url>
+
+
+
+
+

Now the commit also exists on the remote repository

+
+../_images/04-remote.svg
+

remote or central (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+

Meaning of -u

+

The -u or --set-upstream will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages:

+
    +

  • If you from here on only type git push or git pull without branchname, Git will know what branch you +refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where +you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly.

    • +

  • When you type git status, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch +that it tracks.

    • +
+

However, also without the -u this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time.

+
+
+
+

Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits

+

After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see.

+
+
+

Step H. Submit a pull request

+

Submit a pull request from your branch towards the main branch. +Do this through the web interface.

+

Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with almost no work on the maintainer’s side - a big win.

+

There are several options to open a pull request:

+
    +

  • Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab

    • +

  • Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button “Compare & pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Pull requests” on top of the GitHub repository and either “Compare & pull request” or “New pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Branches” and then “New pull request” from the respective branch

    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request.

+
    +

  • When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when submitting.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when reviewing.

    • +
+
+
+

Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests

+

We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged

+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Finally also discuss the “network” on GitHub.

+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests:

+ +
+
+

Discussion

+

Naming

+
    +

  • In GitLab or BitBucket these are named merge requests, not pull requests.

    • +

  • Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which +context? (The name pull request may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode).

    • +

  • It can be useful to think of them as change proposals.

    • +
+

Pull requests can be used for code review

+
    +

  • We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group.

    • +

  • Collaborative learning

    • +

  • OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers

    • +

  • In our example everyone has write access to the “central” repository.

    • +
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch

+
    +

  • They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch.

    • +

  • Not from commit to branch.

    • +

  • Pull requests create new commits on the target branch.

    • +

  • They do not create new branches.

    • +
+

Protected branches

+
    +

  • A good setting for large projects is to make the main branch protected and all changes to it have to go +through code review.

    • +

  • Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects.

    • +
+

Read more

+ +
+
+
+

Step 2B. Update your local copy

+

Your branch yourname-somefeature is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions.

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/07-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Optional exercises

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+

Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches

+

If there is a remote branch somefeature, we can create a local branch and start tracking origin/somefeature like this:

+
$ git switch somefeature
+
+
+

Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it:

+
$ git pull origin somefeature
+$ git push origin somefeature
+
+
+

We can also delete remote branches:

+
$ git push origin --delete somefeature
+
+
+
+
+

Creating pull requests from the command line

+

There are several possibilties:

+ +
+
+

How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator

+

Visit https://github.com/settings/repositories where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to.

+
+
+

GitHub/GitLab organizations

+
    +

  • Projects often start under a personal namespace.

    • +

  • If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, +one can share projects under an “organization”.

    • +

  • You can then invite collaborators to an organization.

    • +

  • This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: https://github.com/coderefinery

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work.

    • +

  • origin refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it).

    • +

  • origin/mybranch is a read-only pointer to branch mybranch on origin.

    • +

  • These read-only pointers only move when you git fetch/git pull or git push.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/contributing/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/contributing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85fc98f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/contributing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching/discussion

    • +
+
+
+

Contributing very minor changes

+
    +

  • Clone or fork+clone repository

    • +

  • Create a branch

    • +

  • Commit and push change

    • +

  • Open a pull request or merge request

    • +
+
+
+

If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • Describe the problem

    • +

  • If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion

    • +

  • Possibly discuss and get feedback

    • +

  • If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it

    • +

  • Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Inform others about an observed problem

    • +

  • Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on

    • +
+
+
+
+

If you have an idea for a new feature

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature

    • +

  • Motivate why and how you wish to do this

    • +

  • Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback

    • +

  • Discuss and get feedback before you code

    • +

  • Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it

    • +

  • Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code which might be rejected

    • +

  • If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as +reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change

    • +
+
+
+
+

WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests

+
    +

  • Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with “WIP” or “Draft” are not to be merged yet

    • +

  • They are there to collect feedback on unfinished work

    • +

  • On GitHub you can create draft pull requests +which cannot be merged until marked ready for review.

    • +

  • Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with “WIP” or “Draft”)

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change

    • +

  • Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work

    • +
+
+
+
+

Licenses matter

+
    +

  • If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license

    • +

  • If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, clarify its license and +copyright with the submitter, before merging

    • +
+
+
+

How to make sure that you don’t merge malicious code

+

(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some)

+
    +

  • Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past +without all future hashes changing

    • +

  • Projects like https://github.com/torvalds/linux or https://github.com/Homebrew/brew +have to be extremely careful what they accept

    • +

  • Browse the code changes before merging them

    • +

  • If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information

    • +

  • Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know

    • +

  • Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity

    • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes.

    • +

  • Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/distributed/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/distributed/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8367361 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/distributed/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,628 @@ + + + + + + + Distributed version control and forking workflow — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Distributed version control and forking workflow
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Distributed version control and forking workflow

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +

  • Get comfortable with the forking workflow.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Forking layout

+
+Forking workflow +
+

Forking workflow. Red is the central repository, where only +owners have access. Green are forks on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). Blue are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer.

+
+
+

In the forking layout, again we call one repository the “central” +repository but people push to forks (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket).

+

Features:

+
    +

  • Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission +(to public projects).

    • +

  • Maintainer still has full control over what is merged.

    • +

  • Contributors now have more than one remote to work with.

    • +
+

This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples:

+ +
+

Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?

+
    +

  • It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else.

    • +

  • The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop.

    • +

  • The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling.

    • +

  • Backup.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Working with multiple remotes

+

In the forking layout described above we work with multiple remotes, +in this case two remotes: One remote refers to the “central” repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork.

+
    +

  • There is nothing special about the name origin. The origin is an alias/placeholder (think of “sticky note” referring to an URL).

    • +

  • We can name these aliases as we like.

    • +

  • We can add and remove remotes:

    +
    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote rm upstream
+
+$ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git
+$ git remote rm group-repo
+
+$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • To see all remotes:

    +
    $ git remote --verbose
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+

Warning

+

We will work with a new repository for this exercise!

+

For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the forking-workflow-exercise.

+
+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Maintainer (team lead):

+ +

Learners in exercise team: Fork the newly created repository (not the +“coderefinery” one) and then clone your fork.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-E (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in git graph:

+
    +

  • git graph - almost every time. As a reminder, to define git graph use:

    +
    $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • git status - when you modify files.

    • +
+
+

Step A: Fork and clone

+

First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork).

+
+../_images/how-to-fork.png +
+

How to fork.

+
+
+

Then clone your fork to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL from the web browser. The URL should start with +git@github.com:. Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-1.svg
+

Forking followed by cloning.

+
+
+

This is how it looks after we fork:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
    +

  • A fork is basically a (bare) clone.

    • +

  • The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories.

    • +

  • When forking we copy all commits, all branches.

    • +
+

After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-01.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step B: Open an “issue” as a change proposal

+

Before we start any coding, open a new “Issue” on the central repository as a +“proposal” where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number.

+

Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding.

+
+
+

Step C: Modify and commit

+

Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example:

+
$ git branch myname-feature    # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose
+$ git switch myname-feature
+
+
+

On the new branch create a new file which will hold your recipe, +for instance traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md (but change the name). You can get inspired +here. Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!).

+

There is also a file called test.py which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +“taco” (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing.

+

Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message reference the issue which you have opened earlier with “this is my +commit message; closes #N” (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B).

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

And here is a picture of what just happened:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-02.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step D: Push your changes to the fork

+

Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than “myname-feature”. Also verify where “origin” points to.

+
$ git push origin myname-feature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin <repository-url>
+
+
+
+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step E: Open a pull request

+

Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository.

+
+

Pictorial representation for steps D and E

+
+../_images/forking-2.svg
+

Push followed by a pull request.

+
+
+

A pull-request means: “please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click”.

+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged:

+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Wait here until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together.

+

Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain the right keywords).

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+

We do this step together. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks

+

We do this part after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated.

+

Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants.

+

Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork.

+

On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below):

+
+Updating the fork via GitHub web interface +
+

Updating the fork via GitHub web interface.

+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line

+

Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like origin or upstream.

+

Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork:

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull <central-repository-url> main
+$ git push <fork-url> main
+
+
+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-3.svg
+

Pull followed by push to a different remote.

+
+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)

+

Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step.

+
$ git remote add central <central-repository-url>
+$ git fetch central
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-04.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git switch main
+$ git merge central/main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-05.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git push origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-04.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-06.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+../_images/remote.jpg +
+
    +

  • Luke Skywalker: You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.

    • +

  • Ben Kenobi: That’s good. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world.

    • +
+

[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope]

+
+

Discussion: Always create a feature branch

+

For each pull request create a new branch. Motivation:

+
    +

  • Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull +request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit +to branch).

    • +

  • History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository +does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/exercises/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/exercises/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19da9e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/exercises/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + + + + + List of exercises — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+

Centralized workflow

+

In centralized.md:

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+

In centralized.md:

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+

In centralized.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+

In centralized.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+
+

Distributed version control and forking workflow

+

In distributed.md:

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-E (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

In distributed.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+

In distributed.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+

In distributed.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+

In bare-repos.md:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/genindex/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e6b205 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ + + + + + + Index — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/guide/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e62d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Schedule Day 3

+
    +

  • 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question

    • +

  • 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight

    • +

  • 09:15 - 09:30: Concepts around collaboration

    +
      +

    • Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch.

      • +

    • Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing.

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 09:30 - 11:00: Centralized workflow

    +
      +

    • 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts

      • +

    • 9:45 - 9:55: Break

      • +

    • 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome

      • +

    • 10:00 - 10:30: Exercise

      • +

    • 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break

    • +

  • 12:00 - 13:10: Distributed version control and forking workflow

    +
      +

    • 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes

      • +

    • 12:15 - 12:45: Exercise

      • +

    • 12:45 - 12:55 Break

      • +

    • 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 13:10 - 13:30: How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project and Q&A

    • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+

In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it’s essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The git-intro lesson +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub.

+

This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git.

+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+

By the end of this lesson, learners should:

+
    +

  • Understand the concept of remotes

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows

    • +

  • Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects

    • +

  • Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues

    • +

  • Know how to update a fork

    • +

  • Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer

    • +
+
+
+

Interesting questions you might get

+
    +

  • If participants run git graph they might notice origin/HEAD. This has been +omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the +default branch of the remote repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Timing

+
    +

  • The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, +so at least an hour is required for it.

    • +

  • The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only +introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the +time of the first episode.

    • +

  • The “How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project” episode can be +covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. +However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome.

    • +
+
+
+

Preparing exercises

+

Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about “maintainer” who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository.

+

Live stream:

+
    +

  • Create the centralized exercises in an organization (not under your username) so +that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you +can then fork yourself if needed.

    • +

  • For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under +https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises.

    • +

  • We have created two versions of each a day in advance to signal which one might end up +being discussed on recording/stream:

    +
      +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise

      • +
    +
    • +

  • Protect the default branch of the two centralized-* repositories.

    • +

  • We create a organization team, stream-exercise-participants. The +centralized workflow exercise repos have this team added as a +collaborator (not forking - they fork so they don’t need write +access there).

    • +

  • We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via +issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, access-requests, +create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a +new issue in that repository. The day before

    +
      +

    • Why a fifth repository? So that learners don’t get emails from all +other access requests once they get added to the team

      • +

    • Sample text:

      +
      On Thursday we will all practice how to collaborate using Git/GitHub
+and one ambitious thing we will try is to collaborate with
+participants following via stream. This does not apply to teams and
+exercise groups who will create their own exercise repositories and
+these groups can ignore the rest of this section.
+
+For this to work we will need to give you access to a practice
+repository.  This is option, you could just watch instead. We delete
+these repositories after the workshop and will not use your username
+for anything other than this exercise.
+
+If you would like to participate in this, could you please open an
+issue here.  Give any title like "please add me" and then click
+submit:
+- https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/new
+
+Example for how I requested access:
+- https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/access-requests/issues/1
+
      +
      +
      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Typical pitfalls

+
+

Difference between pull and pull requests

+

The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc.

+
+
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch

+

The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained.

+
+
+
+

Other practical aspects

+
    +

  • In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so +that they can see the screens. From the beginning.

    • +

  • Emphasize use of git graph a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/hooks/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/hooks/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21d3235 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/hooks/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ + + + + + + + Hooks — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Hooks

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+

Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to trigger scripts +which take care of some tasks. Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks.

+
+

Client-side hooks

+

You can find and edit them here:

+
$ ls -l .git/hooks/
+
+
+
    +

  • pre-commit: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass)

    • +

  • prepare-commit-msg: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages)

    • +

  • commit-msg: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern)

    • +

  • post-commit: after commit process (example: notification)

    • +

  • pre-rebase: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits)

    • +

  • post-rewrite: run by commands that rewrite commits

    • +

  • post-checkout: after successful git checkout (example: generating documentation)

    • +

  • post-merge: after successful merge

    • +

  • pre-push: runs during git push before any objects have been transferred

    • +

  • pre-auto-gc: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place

    • +
+

See also https://pre-commit.com, +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

+

Example for a pre-commit hook which checks whether a Python code is PEP 8-compliant +using pycodestyle:

+
#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# ignore errors due to too long lines
+pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/
+
+
+
+
+

Server-side hooks

+

You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab.

+
    +

  • pre-receive: before accepting any references

    • +

  • update: like pre-receive but runs once per pushed branch

    • +

  • post-receive: after entire process is completed

    • +

  • Typical use:

    +
      +

    • Maintenance work

      • +

    • Automated tests

      • +

    • Refreshing of documentation/website

      • +

    • Sanity checks

      • +

    • Code style checks

      • +

    • Email notification

      • +

    • Rebuilding software packages

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services

+

GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. git push or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible.

+

These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly.

+

You can read more about these services here:

+ +

In our projects we use these services to:

+
    +

  • Build websites

    • +

  • Build documentation

    • +

  • Run tests

    • +

  • Create containers

    • +

  • Package and upload packages

    • +

  • Spellchecking

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11a1b0a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborative distributed version control — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborative distributed version control

+

We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing?

+
    +

  • Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: +This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult +keep all copies synchronized.

    • +

  • One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of +more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition.

    • +

  • Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. +Good for small groups.

    • +

  • Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without +advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with.

    • +
+

Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +transformative (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +This can’t be done without proper tools.

+

In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services. We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  1. Basic understanding of Git.

    2. +

  2. You need a GitHub account.

    3. +
+

We will do this exercise on GitHub but also +GitLab and +Bitbucket allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +GitHub. We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +GitHub because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +GitHub-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform.

+

We also encourage course participants to use our Nordic research +software repository platform, +for more information see +https://coderefinery.org/repository/.

+
+
+

Core episodes

+ +
+
+

Optional episodes

+ +
+
+

Reference

+ +
+
+

About

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/objects.inv b/branch/updateimages3/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99661d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/objects.inv @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# Sphinx inventory version 2 +# Project: Collaborative distributed version control +# Version: +# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib. +xڕKN0>H,l$@E'liYq IpMBbeإpX8lɃ^ʅrx%[ wV4z&'DVH0MӓUz&)B]vA:L8G! +d#l~X:?_ZG(SsxHb&;!3ZE1I1[9<ǂ@ՊXV[1͐r՝VFkvY K[;*lĦDL]qys=+%Sq8 #')Shb,a@o=f%ň6xr,(lr{>i[Q#l/e`& 9 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/reference/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1e4931 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ + + + + + + + Quick reference — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick reference

+
+

Other cheatsheets

+

See the git-intro cheatsheet for +the basics.

+ +
+
+

Glossary

+
    +

  • remote: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A +repository can be linked to several other remotes.

    • +

  • push: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository

    • +

  • fetch: Update your view of another repository

    • +

  • pull: Fetch (above) and then merge

    • +

  • origin: Default name for a remote repository.

    • +

  • origin/NAME: A branch name which represents a remote branch.

    • +

  • main: Default name for main branch.

    • +

  • merge: Combine the changes on two branches.

    • +

  • conflict: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, +git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the +conflict to the user to resolve.

    • +

  • issue: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion +related to a repository.

    • +

  • pull request: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a +code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In +Gitlab, called “merge request”.

    • +

  • git hook: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for +example to do tests before allowing you to commit.

    • +

  • bare repository: A copy of a repository that only is only the .git +directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names +usually like something.git

    • +
+
+
+

Commands we use

+

This excludes most introduced in the git-intro +cheatsheet.

+

Setup:

+
    +

  • git clone <url> [<target-directory>]: Make a copy of existing +repository at <url>, containing all history.

    • +
+

Status:

+
    +

  • git status: Same as in basic git, list status

    • +

  • git remote [-v]: List all remotes

    • +

  • git graph: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command +with git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"

    • +
+

General work:

+
    +

  • git switch <branch-name>: Make a branch active.

    • +

  • git push [<remote-name>] [<branch>:<branch>]: Send commits and +update the branch on the remote.

    • +

  • git pull [<remote-name>] [<branch-name>]: Fetch and then merge +automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch +and merge separately.

    • +

  • git fetch [<remote-name>]: Get commits from the remote. Doesn’t +update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches +(like origin/NAME).

    • +

  • git merge [<branch-name>]: Updates your current branch with +changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is +tracking by default.

    • +

  • git remote add <remote-name> <url>: Adds a new remote with a +certain name.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/remotes/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/remotes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c0781c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/remotes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ + + + + + + + Concepts around collaboration — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Concepts around collaboration

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching

    • +
+
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute?

    • +

  • We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back.

    • +

  • Then, we make a “pull request” that allows a review.

    • +

  • Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes +to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external +contributors.

    • +
+
+
+

Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones

+
    +

  • repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).

    • +

  • commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).

    • +

  • branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main.

    • +

  • tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque +that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).

    • +

  • cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one.

    • +

  • forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your +copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.

    • +
+
+
+

Cloning a repository

+

In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the git clone command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations:

+
    +

  • Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer.

    • +

  • The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository.

    • +

  • Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code.

    • +
+
+Cloning +
+

Cloning

+
+
+
+
+

Forking a repository

+

When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access.

+
    +

  • In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (main or master), and to other branches.

    • +

  • The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests.

    • +
+
+Forking +
+

Forking

+
+
+
+
+

Generating from templates and importing

+

There are two more ways to create “copies” of repositories into your user space:

+
    +

  • A repository can be marked as template and new repositories can be +generated from it, like using a cookie-cutter. +The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not +inherit the history of the template.

    • +
+
+Generating from a template +
+

Generating from a template.

+
+
+
    +

  • You can import a repository from another hosting service or web address. +This will preserve the history of the imported project.

    • +
+
+Importing a repository +
+

Importing a repository.

+
+
+
+
+

Discussion

+
    +

  • Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out +how many forks exist and where they are.

    • +

  • In which situations could it be useful to start from a “template” repository by generating?

    • +
+
+
+
+

Synchronizing changes between repositories

+
    +

  • We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories.

    • +

  • We will pull or fetch updates from remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch).

    • +

  • We will push updates to remote repositories.

    • +

  • We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (pull request).

    • +

  • Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: +We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the “central” repository).

    • +

  • A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +
+
+Forking and cloning +
+

Forking and cloning

+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/search/index.html b/branch/updateimages3/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e1a23f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ + + + + + + Search — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Search
    • +
  • +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/updateimages3/searchindex.js b/branch/updateimages3/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a50d1d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/updateimages3/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["bare-repos", "centralized", "contributing", "distributed", "exercises", "guide", "hooks", "index", "reference", "remotes"], "filenames": ["bare-repos.md", "centralized.md", "contributing.md", "distributed.md", "exercises.md", "guide.md", "hooks.md", "index.rst", "reference.md", "remotes.md"], "titles": ["Non-bare and bare repositories", "Centralized workflow", "How to contribute changes to somebody else\u2019s project", "Distributed version control and forking workflow", "List of exercises", "Instructor guide", "Hooks", "Collaborative distributed version control", "Quick reference", "Concepts around collaboration"], "terms": {"understand": [0, 1, 5, 7], "differ": [0, 1, 3, 4, 7, 9], "between": [0, 1], "Being": 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"instructor-note-2"], [2, "instructor-note-0"], [3, "instructor-note-0"], [6, "instructor-note-0"], [9, "instructor-note-0"]], "Non-bare repository": [[0, "non-bare-repository"]], "Bare repository": [[0, "bare-repository"]], "Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository": [[0, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Keypoints": [[0, "keypoints-0"], [1, "keypoints-0"], [2, "keypoints-0"]], "Centralized workflow": [[1, "centralized-workflow"], [4, "centralized-workflow"]], "Meaning of \u201ccentral\u201d in a distributed version control": [[1, "meaning-of-central-in-a-distributed-version-control"]], "Centralized layout": [[1, "centralized-layout"]], "Exercise preparation": [[1, "exercise-preparation"], [1, "prerequisites-0"], [3, "exercise-preparation"], [3, "prerequisites-0"]], "If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson)": [[1, null]], "Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request": [[1, "exercise-part-1-creating-a-pull-request"], [3, "exercise-part-1-creating-a-pull-request"]], "Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request": [[1, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Hint for breakout rooms": [[1, "callout-0"]], "Step A. Clone your maintainer\u2019s group repository": [[1, "step-a-clone-your-maintainer-s-group-repository"]], "Representation of what happens when you clone": [[1, null]], "Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory": [[1, "step-b-change-directory-into-the-newly-created-directory"]], "Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit": [[1, "step-c-create-a-branch-yourname-somefeature-pointing-at-your-commit"]], "Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt": [[1, "step-d-create-a-file-with-a-unique-name-e-g-yourusername-txt"]], "Step E. Stage and commit the change": [[1, "step-e-stage-and-commit-the-change"]], "The commit only exists locally": [[1, null]], "Step F. Push your change as a new branch": [[1, "step-f-push-your-change-as-a-new-branch"]], "If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push": [[1, null], [3, null]], "Now the commit also exists on the remote repository": [[1, null]], "Meaning of -u": [[1, null]], "Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits": [[1, "step-g-browse-the-network-of-branches-and-commits"]], "Step H. Submit a pull request": [[1, "step-h-submit-a-pull-request"]], "Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes": [[1, "exercise-part-2-code-review-and-merging-changes"], [3, "exercise-part-2-code-review-and-merging-changes"]], "Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)": [[1, "exercise-1"], [4, "exercise-1"]], "Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests": [[1, "step-2a-discuss-and-accept-pull-requests"]], "Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged": [[1, null]], "Discussion": [[1, "discussion-0"], [9, "discussion-0"]], "Step 2B. Update your local copy": [[1, "step-2b-update-your-local-copy"]], "Optional exercises": [[1, "optional-exercises"]], "(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using \u201c#N\u201d": [[1, "exercise-2"], [4, "exercise-2"]], "(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch \u201cyourname-somefeature\u201d? (exercise/discussion)": [[1, "exercise-3"], [4, "exercise-3"]], "Solution": [[1, "solution-0"], [4, "solution-0"]], "Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches": [[1, "discussion-1"]], "Creating pull requests from the command line": [[1, "callout-1"]], "How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator": [[1, "callout-2"]], "GitHub/GitLab organizations": [[1, "callout-3"]], "How to contribute changes to somebody else\u2019s project": [[2, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-somebody-else-s-project"]], "Contributing very minor changes": [[2, "contributing-very-minor-changes"]], "If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it": [[2, "if-you-observe-an-issue-and-have-an-idea-how-to-fix-it"]], "Motivation": [[2, null], [2, null], [2, null], [9, "motivation"]], "If you have an idea for a new feature": [[2, "if-you-have-an-idea-for-a-new-feature"]], "WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests": [[2, "wip-work-in-progress-merge-requests-and-draft-pull-requests"]], "Licenses matter": [[2, "licenses-matter"]], "How to make sure that you don\u2019t merge malicious code": [[2, "how-to-make-sure-that-you-don-t-merge-malicious-code"]], "Distributed version control and forking workflow": [[3, "distributed-version-control-and-forking-workflow"], [4, "distributed-version-control-and-forking-workflow"]], "Forking layout": [[3, "forking-layout"]], "Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?": [[3, "discussion-0"]], "Working with multiple remotes": [[3, "working-with-multiple-remotes"]], "Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request": [[3, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Step A: Fork and clone": [[3, "step-a-fork-and-clone"]], "Pictorial representation of this step": [[3, null], [3, null], [3, null]], "Step B: Open an \u201cissue\u201d as a change proposal": [[3, "step-b-open-an-issue-as-a-change-proposal"]], "Step C: Modify and commit": [[3, "step-c-modify-and-commit"]], "Step D: Push your changes to the fork": [[3, "step-d-push-your-changes-to-the-fork"]], "Step E: Open a pull request": [[3, "step-e-open-a-pull-request"]], "Pictorial representation for steps D and E": [[3, null]], "(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request": [[3, "exercise-1"], [4, "exercise-1"]], "(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.": [[3, "exercise-2"], [4, "exercise-2"]], "(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request": [[3, "exercise-3"], [4, "exercise-3"]], "Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks": [[3, "exercise-part-3-updating-forks"]], "Updating the fork using the command line": [[3, null]], "Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)": [[3, null]], "Discussion: Always create a feature branch": [[3, "discussion-1"]], "List of exercises": [[4, "list-of-exercises"]], "Full list": [[4, "full-list"]], "Instructor guide": [[5, "instructor-guide"]], "Schedule Day 3": [[5, "schedule-day-3"]], "Why we teach this lesson": [[5, "why-we-teach-this-lesson"]], "Intended learning outcomes": [[5, "intended-learning-outcomes"]], "Interesting questions you might get": [[5, "interesting-questions-you-might-get"]], "Timing": [[5, "timing"]], "Preparing exercises": [[5, "preparing-exercises"]], "Typical pitfalls": [[5, "typical-pitfalls"]], "Difference between pull and pull requests": [[5, "difference-between-pull-and-pull-requests"]], "Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch": [[5, "pull-requests-are-from-branch-to-branch-not-from-commit-to-branch"]], "Other practical aspects": [[5, "other-practical-aspects"]], "Hooks": [[6, "hooks"]], "Client-side hooks": [[6, "client-side-hooks"]], "Server-side hooks": [[6, "server-side-hooks"]], "Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services": [[6, "actions-workflows-and-continuous-integration-services"]], "Collaborative distributed version control": [[7, "collaborative-distributed-version-control"]], "Prerequisites": [[7, "prerequisites-0"]], "Core episodes": [[7, null]], "Optional episodes": [[7, null]], "Reference": [[7, null]], "About": [[7, null]], "Quick reference": [[8, "quick-reference"]], "Other cheatsheets": [[8, "other-cheatsheets"]], "Glossary": [[8, "glossary"]], "Commands we use": [[8, "commands-we-use"]], "Concepts around collaboration": [[9, "concepts-around-collaboration"]], "Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones": [[9, "commits-branches-repositories-forks-clones"]], "Cloning a repository": [[9, "cloning-a-repository"]], "Forking a repository": [[9, "forking-a-repository"]], "Generating from templates and importing": [[9, "generating-from-templates-and-importing"]], "Synchronizing changes between repositories": [[9, "synchronizing-changes-between-repositories"]]}, "indexentries": {}}) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/code-review/index.html b/code-review/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04ef3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/code-review/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ + + + + + + + Practicing code review — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Practicing code review

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We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

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Exercise

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Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min)

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What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

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  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

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  • Opening and merging pull requests.

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What will be new in this exercise:

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  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing +the incomplete one and opening a new one.

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Exercise tasks:

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  1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also +deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review.

    2. +

  2. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    3. +

  3. As a reviewer to somebody else’s pull request, ask for an improvement and +also directly suggest a change for the small typo.

    4. +

  4. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change.

    5. +

  5. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open +a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch.

    6. +

  6. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request.

    7. +
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Solution and walk-through

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We will add this before the lesson.

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Concepts around collaboration

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Objectives

+
    +

  • Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching

    • +
+
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute?

    • +

  • We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back.

    • +

  • Then, we make a “pull request” that allows a review.

    • +

  • Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes +to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external +contributors.

    • +
+
+
+

Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones

+
    +

  • repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).

    • +

  • commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).

    • +

  • branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main.

    • +

  • tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque +that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).

    • +

  • cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one.

    • +

  • forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your +copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.

    • +
+
+
+

Cloning a repository

+

In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the git clone command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations:

+
    +

  • Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer.

    • +

  • The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository.

    • +

  • Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code.

    • +
+
+Cloning +
+

Cloning

+
+
+
+
+

Forking a repository

+

When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access.

+
    +

  • In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (main or master), and to other branches.

    • +

  • The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests.

    • +
+
+Forking +
+

Forking

+
+
+
+
+

Generating from templates and importing

+

There are two more ways to create “copies” of repositories into your user space:

+
    +

  • A repository can be marked as template and new repositories can be +generated from it, like using a cookie-cutter. +The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not +inherit the history of the template.

    • +
+
+Generating from a template +
+

Generating from a template.

+
+
+
    +

  • You can import a repository from another hosting service or web address. +This will preserve the history of the imported project.

    • +
+
+Importing a repository +
+

Importing a repository.

+
+
+
+
+

Discussion

+
    +

  • Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out +how many forks exist and where they are.

    • +

  • In which situations could it be useful to start from a “template” repository by generating?

    • +
+
+
+
+

Synchronizing changes between repositories

+
    +

  • We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories.

    • +

  • We will pull or fetch updates from remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch).

    • +

  • We will push updates to remote repositories.

    • +

  • We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (pull request).

    • +

  • Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: +We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the “central” repository).

    • +

  • A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +
+
+Forking and cloning +
+

Forking and cloning

+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/contributing/index.html b/contributing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3cf550 --- /dev/null +++ b/contributing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching/discussion

    • +
+
+
+

Contributing very minor changes

+
    +

  • Clone or fork+clone repository

    • +

  • Create a branch

    • +

  • Commit and push change

    • +

  • Open a pull request or merge request

    • +
+
+
+

If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • Describe the problem

    • +

  • If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion

    • +

  • Possibly discuss and get feedback

    • +

  • If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it

    • +

  • Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Inform others about an observed problem

    • +

  • Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on

    • +
+
+
+
+

If you have an idea for a new feature

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature

    • +

  • Motivate why and how you wish to do this

    • +

  • Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback

    • +

  • Discuss and get feedback before you code

    • +

  • Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it

    • +

  • Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code which might be rejected

    • +

  • If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as +reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change

    • +
+
+
+
+

WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests

+
    +

  • Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with “WIP” or “Draft” are not to be merged yet

    • +

  • They are there to collect feedback on unfinished work

    • +

  • On GitHub you can create draft pull requests +which cannot be merged until marked ready for review.

    • +

  • Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with “WIP” or “Draft”)

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change

    • +

  • Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work

    • +
+
+
+
+

Licenses matter

+
    +

  • If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license

    • +

  • If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, clarify its license and +copyright with the submitter, before merging

    • +
+
+
+

How to make sure that you don’t merge malicious code

+

(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some)

+
    +

  • Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past +without all future hashes changing

    • +

  • Projects like https://github.com/torvalds/linux or https://github.com/Homebrew/brew +have to be extremely careful what they accept

    • +

  • Browse the code changes before merging them

    • +

  • If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information

    • +

  • Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know

    • +

  • Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity

    • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes.

    • +

  • Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exercises/index.html b/exercises/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a69881 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,435 @@ + + + + + + + List of exercises — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

In same-repository.md:

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Cloning a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Submit a pull request towards the main branch.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • If you create the changes locally, you will need to push them to the remote repository.

    • +

  • Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request.

    • +

  • Cross-referencing issues and pull requests.

    • +

  • Practice to review a pull request.

    • +

  • Learn about the value of draft pull requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the +issue number since you will need it later.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit +cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that).

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    5. +

  5. Review somebody else’s pull request and give constructive feedback.

    6. +

  6. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft +pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it +is not meant to be merged yet.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Practicing code review

+

In code-review.md:

+
+

Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing +the incomplete one and opening a new one.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also +deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review.

    2. +

  2. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    3. +

  3. As a reviewer to somebody else’s pull request, ask for an improvement and +also directly suggest a change for the small typo.

    4. +

  4. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change.

    5. +

  5. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open +a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch.

    6. +

  6. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

In forking-workflow.md:

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Forking a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    • +

  • Learning that your fork can get out of date.

    • +

  • After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes.

    • +

  • Learn how to approach other people’s repositories with ideas, changes, and requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the +change you want to make. Take note of the issue number.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. +See the walk-through below for how to do this.

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    5. +

  5. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes.

    6. +

  6. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people’s pull requests.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+

In same-repository-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+

In forking-workflow-old.md:

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

+

In bare-repos.md:

+
+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

+
    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

    • +

  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

    +
    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/forking-workflow-old/index.html b/forking-workflow-old/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4642a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/forking-workflow-old/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,650 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +

  • Get comfortable with the forking workflow.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Forking layout

+
+Forking workflow +
+

Forking workflow. Red is the central repository, where only +owners have access. Green are forks on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). Blue are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer.

+
+
+

In the forking layout, again we call one repository the “central” +repository but people push to forks (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket).

+

Features:

+
    +

  • Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission +(to public projects).

    • +

  • Maintainer still has full control over what is merged.

    • +

  • Contributors now have more than one remote to work with.

    • +
+

This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples:

+ +
+

Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?

+
    +

  • It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else.

    • +

  • The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop.

    • +

  • The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling.

    • +

  • Backup.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Working with multiple remotes

+

In the forking layout described above we work with multiple remotes, +in this case two remotes: One remote refers to the “central” repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork.

+
    +

  • There is nothing special about the name origin. The origin is an alias/placeholder (think of “sticky note” referring to an URL).

    • +

  • We can name these aliases as we like.

    • +

  • We can add and remove remotes:

    +
    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote rm upstream
+
+$ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git
+$ git remote rm group-repo
+
+$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • To see all remotes:

    +
    $ git remote --verbose
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+

Warning

+

We will work with a new repository for this exercise!

+

For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the forking-workflow-exercise.

+
+
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Maintainer (team lead):

+ +

Learners in exercise team: Fork the newly created repository (not the +“coderefinery” one) and then clone your fork.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in git graph:

+
    +

  • git graph - almost every time. As a reminder, to define git graph use:

    +
    $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • git status - when you modify files.

    • +
+
+

Step A: Fork and clone

+

First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork).

+
+../_images/how-to-fork.png +
+

How to fork.

+
+
+

Then clone your fork to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL from the web browser. The URL should start with +git@github.com:. Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-1.svg
+

Forking followed by cloning.

+
+
+

This is how it looks after we fork:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
    +

  • A fork is basically a (bare) clone.

    • +

  • The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories.

    • +

  • When forking we copy all commits, all branches.

    • +
+

After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-01.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step B: Open an “issue” as a change proposal

+

Before we start any coding, open a new “Issue” on the central repository as a +“proposal” where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number.

+

Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding.

+
+
+

Step C: Modify and commit

+

Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example:

+
$ git branch myname-feature    # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose
+$ git switch myname-feature
+
+
+

On the new branch create a new file which will hold your recipe, +for instance traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md (but change the name). You can get inspired +here. Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!).

+

There is also a file called test.py which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +“taco” (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing.

+

Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message reference the issue which you have opened earlier with “this is my +commit message; closes #N” (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B).

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

And here is a picture of what just happened:

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-02.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step D: Push your changes to the fork

+

Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than “myname-feature”. Also verify where “origin” points to.

+
$ git push origin myname-feature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+
+../_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step E: Open a pull request

+

Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository.

+
+

Pictorial representation for steps D and E

+
+../_images/forking-2.svg
+

Push followed by a pull request.

+
+
+

A pull-request means: “please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click”.

+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged:

+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F: View your pull request

+

Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory.

+

Wait here until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together.

+

Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain the right keywords).

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+

We do this step together. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks

+

We do this part after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated.

+

Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants.

+

Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork.

+

On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below):

+
+Updating the fork via GitHub web interface +
+

Updating the fork via GitHub web interface.

+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line

+

Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like origin or upstream.

+

Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork:

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main
+$ git push FORK-URL main
+
+
+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+../_images/forking-3.svg
+

Pull followed by push to a different remote.

+
+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)

+

Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step.

+
$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL
+$ git fetch central
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-04.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git switch main
+$ git merge central/main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-05.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git push origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+../_images/github-remote-04.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+../_images/github-local-06.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+../_images/remote.jpg +
+
    +

  • Luke Skywalker: You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.

    • +

  • Ben Kenobi: That’s good. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world.

    • +
+

[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope]

+
+

Discussion: Always create a feature branch

+

For each pull request create a new branch. Motivation:

+
    +

  • Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull +request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit +to branch).

    • +

  • History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository +does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/forking-workflow/index.html b/forking-workflow/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b234c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/forking-workflow/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ + + + + + + + How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Forking a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    • +

  • Learning that your fork can get out of date.

    • +

  • After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes.

    • +

  • Learn how to approach other people’s repositories with ideas, changes, and requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the +change you want to make. Take note of the issue number.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. +See the walk-through below for how to do this.

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    5. +

  5. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes.

    6. +

  6. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people’s pull requests.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/genindex/index.html b/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fe758c --- /dev/null +++ b/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ + + + + + + Index — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide/index.html b/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52cb3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Schedule Day 3

+
    +

  • 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question

    • +

  • 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight

    • +

  • 09:15 - 09:30: Concepts around collaboration

    +
      +

    • Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch.

      • +

    • Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing.

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 09:30 - 11:00: Centralized workflow

    +
      +

    • 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts

      • +

    • 9:45 - 9:55: Break

      • +

    • 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome

      • +

    • 10:00 - 10:30: Exercise

      • +

    • 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break

    • +

  • 12:00 - 13:10: Distributed version control and forking workflow

    +
      +

    • 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes

      • +

    • 12:15 - 12:45: Exercise

      • +

    • 12:45 - 12:55 Break

      • +

    • 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 13:10 - 13:30: How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project and Q&A

    • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+

In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it’s essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The git-intro lesson +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub.

+

This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git.

+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+

By the end of this lesson, learners should:

+
    +

  • Understand the concept of remotes

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows

    • +

  • Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects

    • +

  • Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues

    • +

  • Know how to update a fork

    • +

  • Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer

    • +
+
+
+

Interesting questions you might get

+
    +

  • If participants run git graph they might notice origin/HEAD. This has been +omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the +default branch of the remote repository.

    • +
+
+
+

Timing

+
    +

  • The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, +so at least an hour is required for it.

    • +

  • The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only +introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the +time of the first episode.

    • +

  • The “How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project” episode can be +covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. +However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome.

    • +
+
+
+

Preparing exercises

+

Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about “maintainer” who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository.

+

Live stream:

+
    +

  • Create the centralized exercises in an organization (not under your username) so +that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you +can then fork yourself if needed.

    • +

  • For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under +https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises. The instructors or team leads need to have owner status in the organization in order to invite people.

    • +

  • We have created two versions of each a day in advance to signal which one might end up +being discussed on recording/stream:

    +
      +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise

      • +
    +
    • +

  • Protect the default branch of the two centralized-* repositories.

    • +

  • We create a organization team, stream-exercise-participants. The +centralized workflow exercise repos have this team added as a +collaborator (not forking - they fork so they don’t need write +access there).

    • +

  • We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via +issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, access-requests, +create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a +new issue in that repository. The day/morning before the day of the lesson the instructor or team leader now has to invite the learners to the team. Three steps: +1. copy the learners GitHub username from the issue +2. go to team member page, example linked here and invite that username to the team (this means first clicking invite and then scrolling down to click the “add username to …” button. This sends an email to that users email that is connected to their GitHub account. +3. In the issue, copy following text (or similar) to the issue and “close with comment”:

    +
    We have added you to the CodeRefinery exercise repository.
+
+What you should do before the exercise starts:
+
+You will get an invitation from GitHub to your email address (that GitHub knows about). Please accept that invitation so that you can participate in the collaborative exercise.
+To make sure you don't get too many emails during the exercise, don't forget to "unwatch" both https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise and https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded.
+To "unwatch", go to the repository and click the "Unwatch" button (top middle of the screen) and then select "Participating and @mentions".
+
    +
    +
    • +
+

``

+ +
+
+

Typical pitfalls

+
+

Difference between pull and pull requests

+

The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc.

+
+
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch

+

The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained.

+
+
+
+

Other practical aspects

+
    +

  • In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so +that they can see the screens. From the beginning.

    • +

  • Emphasize use of git graph a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hooks/index.html b/hooks/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6212428 --- /dev/null +++ b/hooks/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + + + + + + Hooks — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Hooks

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+

Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to trigger scripts +which take care of some tasks. Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks.

+
+

Client-side hooks

+

You can find and edit them here:

+
$ ls -l .git/hooks/
+
+
+
    +

  • pre-commit: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass)

    • +

  • prepare-commit-msg: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages)

    • +

  • commit-msg: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern)

    • +

  • post-commit: after commit process (example: notification)

    • +

  • pre-rebase: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits)

    • +

  • post-rewrite: run by commands that rewrite commits

    • +

  • post-checkout: after successful git checkout (example: generating documentation)

    • +

  • post-merge: after successful merge

    • +

  • pre-push: runs during git push before any objects have been transferred

    • +

  • pre-auto-gc: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place

    • +
+

See also https://pre-commit.com, +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

+

Example for a pre-commit hook which checks whether a Python code is PEP 8-compliant +using pycodestyle:

+
#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# ignore errors due to too long lines
+pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/
+
+
+
+
+

Server-side hooks

+

You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab.

+
    +

  • pre-receive: before accepting any references

    • +

  • update: like pre-receive but runs once per pushed branch

    • +

  • post-receive: after entire process is completed

    • +

  • Typical use:

    +
      +

    • Maintenance work

      • +

    • Automated tests

      • +

    • Refreshing of documentation/website

      • +

    • Sanity checks

      • +

    • Code style checks

      • +

    • Email notification

      • +

    • Rebuilding software packages

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services

+

GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. git push or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible.

+

These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly.

+

You can read more about these services here:

+ +

In our projects we use these services to:

+
    +

  • Build websites

    • +

  • Build documentation

    • +

  • Run tests

    • +

  • Create containers

    • +

  • Package and upload packages

    • +

  • Spellchecking

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79990d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborative distributed version control — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborative distributed version control

+

We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing?

+
    +

  • Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: +This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult +keep all copies synchronized.

    • +

  • One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of +more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition.

    • +

  • Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. +Good for small groups.

    • +

  • Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without +advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with.

    • +
+

Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +transformative (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +This can’t be done without proper tools.

+

In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services. We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  1. Basic understanding of Git.

    2. +

  2. You need a GitHub account.

    3. +
+

We will do this exercise on GitHub but also +GitLab and +Bitbucket allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +GitHub. We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +GitHub because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +GitHub-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform.

+
+
+

Core lesson

+ +
+
+

Older episodes

+ +
+
+

Optional episodes

+ +
+
+

Reference

+ +
+
+

About

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson.pdf b/lesson.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c80c905 Binary files /dev/null and b/lesson.pdf differ diff --git a/objects.inv b/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..172596e Binary files /dev/null and b/objects.inv differ diff --git a/reference/index.html b/reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..562c47a --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ + + + + + + + Quick reference — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick reference

+
+

Other cheatsheets

+

See the git-intro cheatsheet for +the basics.

+ +
+
+

Glossary

+
    +

  • remote: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A +repository can be linked to several other remotes.

    • +

  • push: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository

    • +

  • fetch: Update your view of another repository

    • +

  • pull: Fetch (above) and then merge

    • +

  • origin: Default name for a remote repository.

    • +

  • origin/NAME: A branch name which represents a remote branch.

    • +

  • main: Default name for main branch.

    • +

  • merge: Combine the changes on two branches.

    • +

  • conflict: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, +git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the +conflict to the user to resolve.

    • +

  • issue: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion +related to a repository.

    • +

  • pull request: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a +code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In +Gitlab, called “merge request”.

    • +

  • git hook: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for +example to do tests before allowing you to commit.

    • +

  • bare repository: A copy of a repository that only is only the .git +directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names +usually like something.git

    • +
+
+
+

Commands we use

+

This excludes most introduced in the git-intro +cheatsheet.

+

Setup:

+
    +

  • git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]: Make a copy of existing +repository at <url>, containing all history.

    • +
+

Status:

+
    +

  • git status: Same as in basic git, list status

    • +

  • git remote [-v]: List all remotes

    • +

  • git graph: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command +with git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"

    • +
+

General work:

+
    +

  • git switch BRANCH-NAME: Make a branch active.

    • +

  • git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]: Send commits and +update the branch on the remote.

    • +

  • git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]: Fetch and then merge +automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch +and merge separately.

    • +

  • git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]: Get commits from the remote. Doesn’t +update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches +(like origin/NAME).

    • +

  • git merge [BRANCH-NAME]: Updates your current branch with +changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is +tracking by default.

    • +

  • git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL: Adds a new remote with a +certain name.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/same-repository-old/index.html b/same-repository-old/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98eba5e --- /dev/null +++ b/same-repository-old/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,702 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborating within the same repository — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow.

    • +

  • Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Meaning of “central” in a distributed version control

+

In this episode, we will explore the usage of a centralized workflow for collaborating online on a project +within one repository on GitHub. This means that everyone has +access to that central repository - convenient (but doesn’t scale to a huge +project).

+

In the next section, we will see that Git is +distributed version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just “everything connects to one central server”.

+
+
+

Centralized layout

+
+Centralized layout +
+

Centralized layout. Red is the repository on GitHub. Blue is +where all contributors work on their own computers.

+
+
+

Features:

+
    +

  • Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows).

    • +

  • Suited for cases where all developers are in the same group or organization or project.

    • +

  • Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access.

    • +

  • Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically main or master).

    • +
+

Real life examples:

+ +
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+

In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (maintainer) will create the exercise repository, and +collaborators will contribute to it. We’ll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls.

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+
    +

  • Form not too large groups (4-5 persons).

    • +

  • Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared +GitHub repository: the maintainer. +This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else +is a collaborator.

    • +

  • The maintainer (one person per group) generates a new repository +from the template https://github.com/coderefinery/template-centralized-workflow-exercise +called centralized-workflow-exercise (There is no need to tick “Include all branches” for this exercise):

    +
    +Screenshot of generating the exercise repository +
    +
    • +

  • Then everyone in your group needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository:

    +
      +

    • Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer.

      • +

    • Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL.

      • +

    • Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator).

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
    +

  • Don’t forget to accept the invitation

    +
      +

    • Check https://github.com/settings/organizations/

      • +

    • Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with +GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don’t receive it +you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The +maintainer can also “copy invite link” and share it within the group.

      • +
    +
    • +
+
    +

  • Watching and unwatching repositories

    +
      +

    • Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull +requests via email.

      • +

    • If you do not wish this, you can “unwatch” a repository (top of +the project page).

      • +

    • However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested +in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the +activity that come through a popular project.

      • +
    +
    +Unwatching a repository +
    +

    Unwatch a repository by clicking “Unwatch” in the repository view, +then “Participating and @mentions” - this way, you will get +notifications about your own interactions.

    +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Hint for breakout rooms

+

If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository’s maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers!

+
+
+

Step A. Clone your maintainer’s group repository

+
$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Where REPOSITORY-URL is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer.

+

Clone using the SSH path you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +git@github.com:), not the one that starts with https://github.com. +Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Representation of what happens when you clone

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/01-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+

Here and in what follows, “c1” is a commit, “b1” etc. are commits on side branches +and “m1” is a merge commit.

+
    +

  • We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include all branches when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (initial commit).

    • +

  • git clone creates pointers origin/main so you can see the branches of the origin.

    • +

  • origin refers to where we cloned from.

    • +

  • origin is a shortcut for the full URL.

    • +

  • origin/main is a read-only pointer.

    • +

  • The branches starting with origin/ only move during git pull or git fetch or git push.

    • +

  • Only git pull or git fetch or git push require network.

    • +

  • All other operations are local operations.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory

+
$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using git remote -v.

+
+
+

Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit

+

Create a branch from the current main. Also adapt “yourname-somefeature” to a better name:

+
$ git branch yourname-somefeature main
+$ git switch yourname-somefeature
+
+
+

The yourname- prefix has no special meaning here (not like origin/): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it.

+
+
+

Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt

+

In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don’t share something you +don’t want to become public for the duration of the exercise).

+
+
+

Step E. Stage and commit the change

+
$ git add yourusername.txt
+$ git commit
+
+
+
+

The commit only exists locally

+
+../_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F. Push your change as a new branch

+
$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Now the commit also exists on the remote repository

+
+../_images/04-remote.svg
+

remote or central (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+

Meaning of -u

+

The -u or --set-upstream will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages:

+
    +

  • If you from here on only type git push or git pull without branchname, Git will know what branch you +refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where +you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly.

    • +

  • When you type git status, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch +that it tracks.

    • +
+

However, also without the -u this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time.

+
+
+
+

Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits

+

After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see.

+
+
+

Step H. Submit a pull request

+

Submit a pull request from your branch towards the main branch. +Do this through the web interface.

+

Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with almost no work on the maintainer’s side - a big win.

+

There are several options to open a pull request:

+
    +

  • Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab

    • +

  • Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button “Compare & pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Pull requests” on top of the GitHub repository and either “Compare & pull request” or “New pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Branches” and then “New pull request” from the respective branch

    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request.

+
    +

  • When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when submitting.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when reviewing.

    • +
+
+
+

Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests

+

We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged

+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/04-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Finally also discuss the “network” on GitHub.

+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests:

+ +
+
+

Discussion

+

Naming

+
    +

  • In GitLab or BitBucket these are named merge requests, not pull requests.

    • +

  • Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which +context? (The name pull request may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode).

    • +

  • It can be useful to think of them as change proposals.

    • +
+

Pull requests can be used for code review

+
    +

  • We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group.

    • +

  • Collaborative learning

    • +

  • OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers

    • +

  • In our example everyone has write access to the “central” repository.

    • +
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch

+
    +

  • They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch.

    • +

  • Not from commit to branch.

    • +

  • Pull requests create new commits on the target branch.

    • +

  • They do not create new branches.

    • +
+

Protected branches

+
    +

  • A good setting for large projects is to make the main branch protected and all changes to it have to go +through code review.

    • +

  • Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects.

    • +
+

Read more

+ +
+
+
+

Step 2B. Update your local copy

+

Your branch yourname-somefeature is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions.

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull origin main
+
+
+
+../_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+../_images/07-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Optional exercises

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+

Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches

+

If there is a remote branch somefeature, we can create a local branch and start tracking origin/somefeature like this:

+
$ git switch somefeature
+
+
+

Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it:

+
$ git pull origin somefeature
+$ git push origin somefeature
+
+
+

We can also delete remote branches:

+
$ git push origin --delete somefeature
+
+
+
+
+

Creating pull requests from the command line

+

There are several possibilties:

+ +
+
+

How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator

+

Visit https://github.com/settings/repositories where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to.

+
+
+

GitHub/GitLab organizations

+
    +

  • Projects often start under a personal namespace.

    • +

  • If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, +one can share projects under an “organization”.

    • +

  • You can then invite collaborators to an organization.

    • +

  • This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: https://github.com/coderefinery

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work.

    • +

  • origin refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it).

    • +

  • origin/mybranch is a read-only pointer to branch mybranch on origin.

    • +

  • These read-only pointers only move when you git fetch/git pull or git push.

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/same-repository/index.html b/same-repository/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bf4176 --- /dev/null +++ b/same-repository/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborating within the same repository — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Cloning a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Submit a pull request towards the main branch.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • If you create the changes locally, you will need to push them to the remote repository.

    • +

  • Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request.

    • +

  • Cross-referencing issues and pull requests.

    • +

  • Practice to review a pull request.

    • +

  • Learn about the value of draft pull requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the +issue number since you will need it later.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit +cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that).

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    5. +

  5. Review somebody else’s pull request and give constructive feedback.

    6. +

  6. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft +pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it +is not meant to be merged yet.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search/index.html b/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ae0615 --- /dev/null +++ b/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ + + + + + + Search — Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Search
    • +
  • +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a196c1a --- /dev/null +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["bare-repos", "code-review", "concepts", "contributing", "exercises", "forking-workflow", "forking-workflow-old", "guide", "hooks", "index", "reference", "same-repository", "same-repository-old"], "filenames": ["bare-repos.md", "code-review.md", "concepts.md", "contributing.md", "exercises.md", "forking-workflow.md", "forking-workflow-old.md", "guide.md", "hooks.md", "index.md", "reference.md", "same-repository.md", "same-repository-old.md"], "titles": ["Non-bare and bare repositories", "Practicing code review", "Concepts around collaboration", "How to contribute changes to somebody else\u2019s project", "List of exercises", "How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others", "How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others", "Instructor 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"concepts-around-collaboration"]], "Motivation": [[2, "motivation"], [3, null], [3, null], [3, null]], "Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones": [[2, "commits-branches-repositories-forks-clones"]], "Cloning a repository": [[2, "cloning-a-repository"]], "Forking a repository": [[2, "forking-a-repository"]], "Generating from templates and importing": [[2, "generating-from-templates-and-importing"]], "Discussion": [[2, "discussion-0"], [12, "discussion-0"]], "Synchronizing changes between repositories": [[2, "synchronizing-changes-between-repositories"]], "How to contribute changes to somebody else\u2019s project": [[3, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-somebody-else-s-project"]], "Contributing very minor changes": [[3, "contributing-very-minor-changes"]], "If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it": [[3, "if-you-observe-an-issue-and-have-an-idea-how-to-fix-it"]], "If you have an idea for a new feature": [[3, "if-you-have-an-idea-for-a-new-feature"]], "WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests": [[3, "wip-work-in-progress-merge-requests-and-draft-pull-requests"]], "Licenses matter": [[3, "licenses-matter"]], "How to make sure that you don\u2019t merge malicious code": [[3, "how-to-make-sure-that-you-don-t-merge-malicious-code"]], "List of exercises": [[4, "list-of-exercises"]], "Full list": [[4, "full-list"]], "Collaborating within the same repository": [[4, "collaborating-within-the-same-repository"], [4, "collaborating-within-the-same-repository"], [11, "collaborating-within-the-same-repository"], [12, "collaborating-within-the-same-repository"]], "Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)": [[4, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"], [5, "exercise-0"], [11, "exercise-0"]], "How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others": [[4, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-repositories-that-belong-to-others"], [4, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-repositories-that-belong-to-others"], [5, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-repositories-that-belong-to-others"], [6, "how-to-contribute-changes-to-repositories-that-belong-to-others"]], "Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request": [[4, "exercise-0"], [12, "exercise-0"]], "Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)": [[4, "exercise-1"], [12, "exercise-1"]], "(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using \u201c#N\u201d": [[4, "exercise-2"], [12, "exercise-2"]], "(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch \u201cyourname-somefeature\u201d? (exercise/discussion)": [[4, "exercise-3"], [12, "exercise-3"]], "Solution": [[4, "solution-0"], [12, "solution-0"]], "Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request": [[4, "exercise-0"], [6, "exercise-0"]], "(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request": [[4, "exercise-1"], [6, "exercise-1"]], "(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.": [[4, "exercise-2"], [6, "exercise-2"]], "(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request": [[4, "exercise-3"], [6, "exercise-3"]], "Forking layout": [[6, "forking-layout"]], "Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?": [[6, "discussion-0"]], "Working with multiple remotes": [[6, "working-with-multiple-remotes"]], "Exercise preparation": [[6, "exercise-preparation"], [6, "prerequisites-0"], [12, "exercise-preparation"], [12, "prerequisites-0"]], "Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request": [[6, "exercise-part-1-creating-a-pull-request"], [12, "exercise-part-1-creating-a-pull-request"]], "Step A: Fork and clone": [[6, "step-a-fork-and-clone"]], "Pictorial representation of this step": [[6, null], [6, null], [6, null]], "Step B: Open an \u201cissue\u201d as a change proposal": [[6, "step-b-open-an-issue-as-a-change-proposal"]], "Step C: Modify and commit": [[6, "step-c-modify-and-commit"]], "Step D: Push your changes to the fork": [[6, "step-d-push-your-changes-to-the-fork"]], "If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push": [[6, null], [12, null]], "Step E: Open a pull request": [[6, "step-e-open-a-pull-request"]], "Pictorial representation for steps D and E": [[6, null]], "Step F: View your pull request": [[6, "step-f-view-your-pull-request"]], "Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes": [[6, "exercise-part-2-code-review-and-merging-changes"], [12, "exercise-part-2-code-review-and-merging-changes"]], "Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks": [[6, "exercise-part-3-updating-forks"]], "Updating the fork using the command line": [[6, null]], "Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)": [[6, null]], "Discussion: Always create a feature branch": [[6, "discussion-1"]], "Instructor guide": [[7, "instructor-guide"]], "Schedule Day 3": [[7, "schedule-day-3"]], "Why we teach this lesson": [[7, "why-we-teach-this-lesson"]], "Intended learning outcomes": [[7, "intended-learning-outcomes"]], "Interesting questions you might get": [[7, "interesting-questions-you-might-get"]], "Timing": [[7, "timing"]], "Preparing exercises": [[7, "preparing-exercises"]], "Typical pitfalls": [[7, "typical-pitfalls"]], "Difference between pull and pull requests": [[7, "difference-between-pull-and-pull-requests"]], "Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch": [[7, "pull-requests-are-from-branch-to-branch-not-from-commit-to-branch"]], "Other practical aspects": [[7, "other-practical-aspects"]], "Hooks": [[8, "hooks"]], "Client-side hooks": [[8, "client-side-hooks"]], "Server-side hooks": [[8, "server-side-hooks"]], "Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services": [[8, "actions-workflows-and-continuous-integration-services"]], "Collaborative distributed version control": [[9, "collaborative-distributed-version-control"]], "Prerequisites": [[9, "prerequisites-0"]], "Core lesson": [[9, null]], "Older episodes": [[9, null]], "Optional episodes": [[9, null]], "Reference": [[9, null]], "About": [[9, null]], "Quick reference": [[10, "quick-reference"]], "Other cheatsheets": [[10, "other-cheatsheets"]], "Glossary": [[10, "glossary"]], "Commands we use": [[10, "commands-we-use"]], "Meaning of \u201ccentral\u201d in a distributed version control": [[12, "meaning-of-central-in-a-distributed-version-control"]], "Centralized layout": [[12, "centralized-layout"]], "If you have not requested access (we email about it typically the day before this lesson)": [[12, null]], "Hint for breakout rooms": [[12, "callout-0"]], "Step A. Clone your maintainer\u2019s group repository": [[12, "step-a-clone-your-maintainer-s-group-repository"]], "Representation of what happens when you clone": [[12, null]], "Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory": [[12, "step-b-change-directory-into-the-newly-created-directory"]], "Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit": [[12, "step-c-create-a-branch-yourname-somefeature-pointing-at-your-commit"]], "Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt": [[12, "step-d-create-a-file-with-a-unique-name-e-g-yourusername-txt"]], "Step E. Stage and commit the change": [[12, "step-e-stage-and-commit-the-change"]], "The commit only exists locally": [[12, null]], "Step F. Push your change as a new branch": [[12, "step-f-push-your-change-as-a-new-branch"]], "Now the commit also exists on the remote repository": [[12, null]], "Meaning of -u": [[12, null]], "Step G. 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+ + + + main + + + + + HEAD + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/centralized.svg b/singlehtml/_images/centralized.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d1d8be --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/centralized.svg @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/clone.png b/singlehtml/_images/clone.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76bcbab Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_images/clone.png differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/fetch-and-merge.png b/singlehtml/_images/fetch-and-merge.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a20b4c Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_images/fetch-and-merge.png differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/fork.png b/singlehtml/_images/fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c936e1a Binary files /dev/null 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computer + + + + pull request + + push + fork + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/forking-3.svg b/singlehtml/_images/forking-3.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..852b897 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/forking-3.svg @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + push + pull/fetch + fork + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/forking-overview.svg b/singlehtml/_images/forking-overview.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6b6b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/forking-overview.svg @@ -0,0 +1,512 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + "central" repository + + local clone on a computer + + + + + + + + + fork + + + + + + + (once) + pull req. + + + + + + diff --git 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+ + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/github-local-03.svg b/singlehtml/_images/github-local-03.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f14692 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/github-local-03.svg @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/github-local-04.svg b/singlehtml/_images/github-local-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..554b6f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/github-local-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c3 + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + origin/feature + + + + + upstream/main + + + + + main + + + + + origin/main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/github-local-05.svg b/singlehtml/_images/github-local-05.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a1823 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/github-local-05.svg @@ -0,0 +1,359 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0000000..8fed2aa --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-02.svg @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c1 + + + c2 + + + c3 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-03.svg b/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-03.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df33ce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-03.svg @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-04.svg b/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-04.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aadb3b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_images/github-remote-04.svg @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + c2 + + + m1 + + + c3 + + + c1 + + + + + feature + + + + + main + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/how-to-fork.png b/singlehtml/_images/how-to-fork.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..274621b Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_images/how-to-fork.png differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/import.png b/singlehtml/_images/import.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..809ab35 Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_images/import.png differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/remote.jpg b/singlehtml/_images/remote.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c88302 Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_images/remote.jpg differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_images/unwatch.png b/singlehtml/_images/unwatch.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae6f61c Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_images/unwatch.png differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/singlehtml/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/basic.css b/singlehtml/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg b/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js b/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css b/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ -0,0 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); 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+} + +/* Pandas tables. Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for 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background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C145] { + color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC145] { + background-color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C146] { + color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC146] { + background-color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C147] { + color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC147] { + background-color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C148] { + color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC148] { + background-color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C149] { + color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC149] { + background-color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C150] { + color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC150] { + background-color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C151] { + color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC151] { + background-color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C152] { + color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC152] { + background-color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C153] { + color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC153] { + background-color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C154] { + color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC154] { + background-color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C155] { + color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC155] { + background-color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C156] { + color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC156] { + background-color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C157] { + color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC157] { + background-color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C158] { + color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC158] { + background-color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C159] { + color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC159] { + background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC174] { + background-color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C175] { + color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC175] { + background-color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C176] { + color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC176] { + background-color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C177] { + color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC177] { + background-color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C178] { + color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC178] { + background-color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C179] { + color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC179] { + background-color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C180] { + color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC180] { + background-color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C181] { + color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC181] { + background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C211] { + color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC211] { + background-color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C212] { + color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC212] { + background-color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C213] { + color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC213] { + background-color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C214] { + color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC214] { + background-color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C215] { + color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC215] { + background-color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C216] { + color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC216] { + background-color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C217] { + color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC217] { + background-color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C218] { + color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC218] { + background-color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C219] { + color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC219] { + background-color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C220] { + color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC220] { + background-color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C221] { + color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC221] { + background-color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C222] { + color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC222] { + background-color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C223] { + color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC223] { + background-color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C224] { + color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC224] { + background-color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C225] { + color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC225] { + background-color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C226] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC226] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C227] { + color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC227] { + background-color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C228] { + color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC228] { + background-color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C229] { + color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC229] { + background-color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C230] { + color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC230] { + background-color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C231] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC231] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C232] { + color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC232] { + background-color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C233] { + color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC233] { + background-color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C234] { + color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC234] { + background-color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C235] { + color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC235] { + background-color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C236] { + color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC236] { + background-color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C237] { + color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC237] { + background-color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C238] { + color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC238] { + background-color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C239] { + color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC239] { + background-color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C240] { + color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC240] { + background-color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C241] { + color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC241] { + background-color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C242] { + color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC242] { + background-color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C243] { + color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC243] { + background-color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C244] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC244] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C245] { + color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC245] { + background-color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C246] { + color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC246] { + background-color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C247] { + color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC247] { + background-color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C248] { + color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC248] { + background-color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C249] { + color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC249] { + background-color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C250] { + color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC250] { + background-color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C251] { + color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC251] { + background-color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C252] { + color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC252] { + background-color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C253] { + color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC253] { + background-color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C254] { + color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC254] { + background-color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C255] { + color: #EEEEEE +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC255] { + background-color: #EEEEEE +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/plus.png b/singlehtml/_static/plus.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7107cec Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/_static/plus.png differ diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css b/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84ab303 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +pre { line-height: 125%; } +td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc } 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#19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */ +.highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ +.highlight .fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */ +.highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */ +.highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */ +.highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ +.highlight .vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */ +.highlight .il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js b/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7918c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +/* + * searchtools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +/** + * Simple result scoring code. + */ +if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '

' + + '' + + _("Hide Search Matches") + + "

" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/singlehtml/index.html b/singlehtml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c33af4c --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1963 @@ + + + + + + + Collaborative distributed version control documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Collaborative distributed version control documentation
    • +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Collaborative distributed version control

+

We have learned how to make a Git repository for a single person. What +about sharing?

+
    +

  • Share the folder using email or using some file sharing service: +This would lead to many back and forth emails and would be difficult +keep all copies synchronized.

    • +

  • One person’s repository on the web: allows one person to keep track of +more projects, gain visibility, feedback, and recognition.

    • +

  • Common repository for a group: everyone can directly update the same repository. +Good for small groups.

    • +

  • Forks or copies with different owners: anyone can suggest changes, even without +advance permission. Maintainers approve what they agree with.

    • +
+

Being able to share more easily (going down the above list) is +transformative (easier to change something, that is you are not the sole owner) +because it allows projects to scale to a new level. +This can’t be done without proper tools.

+

In this lesson we will learn how to keep repositories in sync and how to +work with remote repositories on GitHub and other services. We will +discover and exercise the centralized as well as the forking workflows, +and finally look into how to automate tasks using Git hooks.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  1. Basic understanding of Git.

    2. +

  2. You need a GitHub account.

    3. +
+

We will do this exercise on GitHub but also +GitLab and +Bitbucket allow similar workflows and +basically everything that we will discuss is transferable. With this +material and these exercises we do not endorse the company +GitHub. We have chosen to demonstrate a +number of concepts using examples with +GitHub because it is currently the most +popular web platform for hosting Git repositories and the chance is +high that you will interact with +GitHub-based repositories even if you choose +to host your Git repository on another platform.

+
+
+
+

Concepts around collaboration

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Be able to decide whether to divide work at the branch level or at the repository level.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching

    • +
+
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Someone has given you access to a repository online and you want to contribute?

    • +

  • We will learn how to make a copy and send changes back.

    • +

  • Then, we make a “pull request” that allows a review.

    • +

  • Once we know how code review works, we will be able to propose changes +to repositories of others and review changes submitted by external +contributors.

    • +
+
+
+

Commits, branches, repositories, forks, clones

+
    +

  • repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).

    • +

  • commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).

    • +

  • branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main.

    • +

  • tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque +that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).

    • +

  • cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one.

    • +

  • forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your +copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.

    • +
+
+
+

Cloning a repository

+

In order to make a complete copy a whole repository, the git clone command can be used. When cloning, all the files, of all or selected branches, of a repository are copied in one operation. Cloning of a repository is of relevance in a few different situations:

+
    +

  • Working on your own, cloning is the operation that you can use to create multiple instances of a repository on, for instance, a personal computer, a server, and a supercomputer.

    • +

  • The parent repository could be a repository that you or your colleague own. A common use case for cloning is when working together within a smaller team where everyone has read and write access to the same git repository.

    • +

  • Alternatively, cloning can be made from a public repository of a code that you would like to use. Perhaps you have no intention to work on the code, but would like to stay in tune with the latest developments, also in-between releases of new versions of the code.

    • +
+
+Cloning +
+

Cloning

+
+
+
+
+

Forking a repository

+

When a fork is made on GitHub/GitLab a complete copy, of all or selected branches, of the repository is made. The copy will reside under a different account on GitHub/GitLab. Forking of a repository is of high relevance when working with a git repository to which you do not have write access.

+
    +

  • In the fork repository commits can be made to the base branch (main or master), and to other branches.

    • +

  • The commits that are made within the branches of the fork repository can be contributed back to the parent repository by means of pull or merge requests.

    • +
+
+Forking +
+

Forking

+
+
+
+
+

Generating from templates and importing

+

There are two more ways to create “copies” of repositories into your user space:

+
    +

  • A repository can be marked as template and new repositories can be +generated from it, like using a cookie-cutter. +The newly created repository will start with a new history, only one commit, and not +inherit the history of the template.

    • +
+
+Generating from a template +
+

Generating from a template.

+
+
+
    +

  • You can import a repository from another hosting service or web address. +This will preserve the history of the imported project.

    • +
+
+Importing a repository +
+

Importing a repository.

+
+
+
+
+

Discussion

+
    +

  • Visit one of the repositories/projects that you have used recently and try to find out +how many forks exist and where they are.

    • +

  • In which situations could it be useful to start from a “template” repository by generating?

    • +
+
+
+
+

Synchronizing changes between repositories

+
    +

  • We need a mechanism to communicate changes between the repositories.

    • +

  • We will pull or fetch updates from remote repositories (we will soon discuss the difference between pull and fetch).

    • +

  • We will push updates to remote repositories.

    • +

  • We will learn how to suggest changes within repositories on GitHub and across repositories (pull request).

    • +

  • Repositories that are forked or cloned do not automatically synchronize themselves: +We will learn how to update forks (by pulling from the “central” repository).

    • +

  • A main difference between cloning a repository and forking a repository is that the former is a general operation for generating copies of a repository to different computers, whereas forking is a particular operation implemented on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +
+
+Forking and cloning +
+

Forking and cloning

+
+
+
+
+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Cloning a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Submit a pull request towards the main branch.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • If you create the changes locally, you will need to push them to the remote repository.

    • +

  • Learning what a protected branch is and how to modify a protected branch: using a pull request.

    • +

  • Cross-referencing issues and pull requests.

    • +

  • Practice to review a pull request.

    • +

  • Learn about the value of draft pull requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue where you describe the change you want to make. Note down the +issue number since you will need it later.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit +cross-reference the issue you opened (see the walk-through below for how to do that).

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    5. +

  5. Review somebody else’s pull request and give constructive feedback.

    6. +

  6. Try to create a new branch with some half-finished work and open a draft +pull request. Verify that the draft pull request cannot be merged since it +is not meant to be merged yet.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+
+

Practicing code review

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Practicing code review (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to ask for changes in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a reviewer, we will learn how to suggest a change in a pull request.

    • +

  • As a submitter, we will learn how to modify a pull request without closing +the incomplete one and opening a new one.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Create a new branch and one or few commits: in these improve something but also +deliberately introduce a typo and also a larger mistake which we will want to fix during the code review.

    2. +

  2. Open a pull request towards the main branch.

    3. +

  3. As a reviewer to somebody else’s pull request, ask for an improvement and +also directly suggest a change for the small typo.

    4. +

  4. As the submitter, learn how to accept the suggested change.

    5. +

  5. As the submitter, improve the pull request without having to close and open +a new one: by adding a new commit to the same branch.

    6. +

  6. Once the changes are addressed, merge the pull request.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+

We will add more details and screenshots before the course.

+
+

Exercise

+
+

Exercise: Collaborating within the same repository (25 min)

+

What is familiar from the previous workshop days:

+
    +

  • Forking a repository.

    • +

  • Creating a branch.

    • +

  • Committing a change on the new branch.

    • +

  • Opening and merging pull requests.

    • +
+

What will be new in this exercise:

+
    +

  • Opening a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    • +

  • Learning that your fork can get out of date.

    • +

  • After the pull requests are merged, updating your fork with the changes.

    • +

  • Learn how to approach other people’s repositories with ideas, changes, and requests.

    • +
+

Exercise tasks:

+
    +

  1. Open an issue in the upstream exercise repository where you describe the +change you want to make. Take note of the issue number.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch in your fork of the repository.

    3. +

  3. Make a change to the recipe book on the new branch and in the commit cross-reference the issue you opened. +See the walk-through below for how to do this.

    4. +

  4. Open a pull request towards the upstream repository.

    5. +

  5. After few pull requests are merged, update your fork with the changes.

    6. +

  6. Check that in your fork you can see changes from other people’s pull requests.

    7. +
+
+
+
+

Solution and walk-through

+

We will add this before the lesson.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Collaborating within the same repository

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Understand how to collaborate using a centralized workflow.

    • +

  • Understand the difference between local branch, origin/branch, and remote branch.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Meaning of “central” in a distributed version control

+

In this episode, we will explore the usage of a centralized workflow for collaborating online on a project +within one repository on GitHub. This means that everyone has +access to that central repository - convenient (but doesn’t scale to a huge +project).

+

In the next section, we will see that Git is +distributed version control. +This means that any type of repository links that you can think of can be +implemented - not just “everything connects to one central server”.

+
+
+

Centralized layout

+
+Centralized layout +
+

Centralized layout. Red is the repository on GitHub. Blue is +where all contributors work on their own computers.

+
+
+

Features:

+
    +

  • Typically all developers have both read and write permissions (double-headed arrows).

    • +

  • Suited for cases where all developers are in the same group or organization or project.

    • +

  • Everybody who wants to contribute needs write access.

    • +

  • Good idea to write-protect the main branch (typically main or master).

    • +
+

Real life examples:

+ +
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+

In this exercise we will practice collaborative centralized workflow in +groups (but you can also collaborate with us as individual). +One person (maintainer) will create the exercise repository, and +collaborators will contribute to it. We’ll discuss how this leads +to code review and discuss a number of typical pitfalls.

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+
    +

  • Form not too large groups (4-5 persons).

    • +

  • Each group needs to appoint someone who will host the shared +GitHub repository: the maintainer. +This is typically the exercise lead (if available). Everyone else +is a collaborator.

    • +

  • The maintainer (one person per group) generates a new repository +from the template https://github.com/coderefinery/template-centralized-workflow-exercise +called centralized-workflow-exercise (There is no need to tick “Include all branches” for this exercise):

    +
    +Screenshot of generating the exercise repository +
    +
    • +

  • Then everyone in your group needs their GitHub account to be added as collaborator to the exercise repository:

    +
      +

    • Collaborators give their GitHub usernames to their chosen maintainer.

      • +

    • Maintainer gives the other group members the newly created GitHub repository URL.

      • +

    • Maintainer adds participants as collaborators to their project (Settings → Manage Access → Invite a collaborator).

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
    +

  • Don’t forget to accept the invitation

    +
      +

    • Check https://github.com/settings/organizations/

      • +

    • Alternatively check the inbox for the email account you registered with +GitHub. GitHub emails you an invitation link, but if you don’t receive it +you can go to your GitHub notifications in the top right corner. The +maintainer can also “copy invite link” and share it within the group.

      • +
    +
    • +
+
    +

  • Watching and unwatching repositories

    +
      +

    • Now that you are a collaborator, you get notified about new issues and pull +requests via email.

      • +

    • If you do not wish this, you can “unwatch” a repository (top of +the project page).

      • +

    • However, we recommend watching repositories you are interested +in. You can learn things from experts just by watching the +activity that come through a popular project.

      • +
    +
    +Unwatching a repository +
    +

    Unwatch a repository by clicking “Unwatch” in the repository view, +then “Participating and @mentions” - this way, you will get +notifications about your own interactions.

    +
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Centralized-1: Clone a repository, add a file, push changes as a branch, and create a pull request

+
    +

  • Before we start with the exercise, instructor points to the preparation (above).

    • +

  • Then work on steps A-H.

    • +

  • There are also optional exercises.

    • +

  • Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands:

    +
      +

    • git graph - almost every time

      • +

    • git status - when you modify files

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Hint for breakout rooms

+

If the helper in the room is the one who sets up the central repository, they +cannot easily demostrate the steps via screen-sharing as the repository’s maintainer. A +good alternative is to have one of the learners screen-share and get advice on the +steps from other learners and helpers!

+
+
+

Step A. Clone your maintainer’s group repository

+
$ git clone REPOSITORY-URL centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Where REPOSITORY-URL is the repository created by the exercise +maintainer.

+

Clone using the SSH path you get from the webpage (the one that starts with +git@github.com:), not the one that starts with https://github.com. +Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Representation of what happens when you clone

+
+_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/01-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+

Here and in what follows, “c1” is a commit, “b1” etc. are commits on side branches +and “m1” is a merge commit.

+
    +

  • We clone the entire history, all branches, all commits. In our case, we have one branch (we did not include all branches when creating our repository from template) and we have only one commit (initial commit).

    • +

  • git clone creates pointers origin/main so you can see the branches of the origin.

    • +

  • origin refers to where we cloned from.

    • +

  • origin is a shortcut for the full URL.

    • +

  • origin/main is a read-only pointer.

    • +

  • The branches starting with origin/ only move during git pull or git fetch or git push.

    • +

  • Only git pull or git fetch or git push require network.

    • +

  • All other operations are local operations.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Step B. Change directory into the newly created directory

+
$ cd centralized-workflow-exercise
+
+
+

Try to find out where this repository was cloned from using git remote -v.

+
+
+

Step C. Create a branch yourname-somefeature pointing at your commit

+

Create a branch from the current main. Also adapt “yourname-somefeature” to a better name:

+
$ git branch yourname-somefeature main
+$ git switch yourname-somefeature
+
+
+

The yourname- prefix has no special meaning here (not like origin/): it is just part of a +branch name to indicate who made it.

+
+
+

Step D. Create a file with a unique name, e.g.: yourusername.txt

+

In this file share your favourite cooking recipe or haiku or Git trick or +whatever (we will push soon to a public repository so don’t share something you +don’t want to become public for the duration of the exercise).

+
+
+

Step E. Stage and commit the change

+
$ git add yourusername.txt
+$ git commit
+
+
+
+

The commit only exists locally

+
+_images/01-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F. Push your change as a new branch

+
$ git push origin -u yourname-somefeature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin SSH-REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Now the commit also exists on the remote repository

+
+_images/04-remote.svg
+

remote or central (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+_images/04-local.svg
+

local (read figure left to right)

+
+
+
+
+

Meaning of -u

+

The -u or --set-upstream will connect the local branch with the newly created upstream/remote branch +and track it. This has the following advantages:

+
    +

  • If you from here on only type git push or git pull without branchname, Git will know what branch you +refer to (depending also on your Git configuration). However, we still recommend to explicitly type where +you want to push/pull to/from and which branch explicitly.

    • +

  • When you type git status, Git will inform you whether your local branch is ahead or behind the upstream branch +that it tracks.

    • +
+

However, also without the -u this step and the rest of the exercise will +work. The fact that the local and remote branch are not connected is not a +problem if you explicitly type out the remote and branch name every time.

+
+
+
+

Step G. Browse the network of branches and commits

+

After you have pushed your branch and other participants have too, browse the +network of branches and commits (on GitHub click on Insights -> Network) and +discuss what you see.

+
+
+

Step H. Submit a pull request

+

Submit a pull request from your branch towards the main branch. +Do this through the web interface.

+

Meaning of a pull request: think of it as change proposal. In a popular project, it means that anyone can +contribute with almost no work on the maintainer’s side - a big win.

+

There are several options to open a pull request:

+
    +

  • Follow the link printed to terminal output when git-pushing a branch to GitHub/GitLab

    • +

  • Visit the GitHub repository in the browser after pushing the branch and click on the green button “Compare & pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Pull requests” on top of the GitHub repository and either “Compare & pull request” or “New pull request”

    • +

  • Click on “Branches” and then “New pull request” from the respective branch

    • +
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+
+

Centralized-2: Merge the pull requests (together)

+
    +

  • We do step 2A and 2B together (instructor demonstrates, and everybody follows along in their repositories).

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage it might be good to show how to submit and how to review a pull request.

+
    +

  • When co-teaching change roles and switch screenshares also.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when submitting.

    • +

  • Discuss what you look at when reviewing.

    • +
+
+
+

Step 2A. Discuss and accept pull requests

+

We do this step together on the main screen (in the main room) or on stream. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, helpers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged

+
+_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/04-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+

Finally also discuss the “network” on GitHub.

+
+

Instructor note

+

At this stage demonstrate how to suggest small changes to pull/merge requests:

+ +
+
+

Discussion

+

Naming

+
    +

  • In GitLab or BitBucket these are named merge requests, not pull requests.

    • +

  • Which one do you feel is more appropriate and in which +context? (The name pull request may make more sense in the forking workflow: next episode).

    • +

  • It can be useful to think of them as change proposals.

    • +
+

Pull requests can be used for code review

+
    +

  • We recommend that pull requests are reviewed by someone else in your group.

    • +

  • Collaborative learning

    • +

  • OK if students and junior researchers review senior researchers

    • +

  • In our example everyone has write access to the “central” repository.

    • +
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch

+
    +

  • They originate from a source branch and are directed towards a branch.

    • +

  • Not from commit to branch.

    • +

  • Pull requests create new commits on the target branch.

    • +

  • They do not create new branches.

    • +
+

Protected branches

+
    +

  • A good setting for large projects is to make the main branch protected and all changes to it have to go +through code review.

    • +

  • Centralized workflow with protected branches is a good setup for many projects.

    • +
+

Read more

+ +
+
+
+

Step 2B. Update your local copy

+

Your branch yourname-somefeature is not needed anymore but more importantly, +you need to sync your local copy: Everybody needs to do this step in their +exercise repository but we do this together in the main room so that we can +discuss this step and ask questions.

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull origin main
+
+
+
+_images/06-remote.svg
+

remote or central

+
+
+
+_images/07-local.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Optional exercises

+
+

(optional) Centralized-3: Cross-referencing issues using “#N”

+

We will submit another change by a pull request but this time we will first create an issue.

+
    +

  1. Open an issue on GitHub and describe your idea for a change. This gives +others the chance to give feedback/suggestions. Note the issue number, you +will need it in step 3.

    2. +

  2. Create a new branch and switch to it.

    3. +

  3. On the new branch create a commit and in the commit message write what you +did, but also add that this “closes #N” (replace N by the actual issue number from step 1).

    4. +

  4. Push the branch and open a new pull request. If you forgot to refer to the +issue number in step 3, you can still refer to it in the pull request +form (add a “closes #N” to the title or description).

    5. +

  5. Note how now commits, pull requests, and issues can be cross-referenced by including #N.

    6. +

  6. Notice how after the pull request is merged, the issue gets automatically +closed. This only happens for certain keywords like closes or fix.

    7. +

  7. Discuss the value of cross-referencing them and of auto-closing issues +with commits or pull requests.

    8. +
+

See also the GitHub documentation +for more examples.

+
+
+

(optional) Centralized-4: Why did we create a feature branch “yourname-somefeature”? (exercise/discussion)

+

Pushing directly to the main branch is perfectly fine for simple personal projects - +the pull-request workflows covered here are for larger projects or for collaborative development. +Guidelines for simpler workflows are given in the +how much Git is necessary? episode of the git-intro lesson.

+

In collaborative development, whenever we update our repository we create a new branch +and create a pull-request. Let’s now imagine that everyone in your group (or one person on two different clones) +makes a new change (create a new file) +but without creating a new branch.

+
    +

  1. You all create a new file in the main branch, stage and commit your change locally.

    2. +

  2. Try to push the change to the upstream repository:

    +
    $ git push origin main
+
    +
    +

    You probably see something like this:

    +
    $ git push
+
+To https://github.com/user/repo.git
+ ! [rejected]        main -> main (non-fast-forward)
+error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
+To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected
+Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the
+'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
    +

  • The push only worked for one participant (one clone).

    • +

  • Discuss why push for everybody else in this group was rejected?

    • +
+ +
+
+

Discussion: How to make changes to remote branches

+

If there is a remote branch somefeature, we can create a local branch and start tracking origin/somefeature like this:

+
$ git switch somefeature
+
+
+

Once we track a remote branch, we can pull from it and push to it:

+
$ git pull origin somefeature
+$ git push origin somefeature
+
+
+

We can also delete remote branches:

+
$ git push origin --delete somefeature
+
+
+
+
+

Creating pull requests from the command line

+

There are several possibilties:

+ +
+
+

How you can find out in which repositories you are a collaborator

+

Visit https://github.com/settings/repositories where you will see +an overview of all repositories you have write access to.

+
+
+

GitHub/GitLab organizations

+
    +

  • Projects often start under a personal namespace.

    • +

  • If you want the project to live beyond the interest or work time of one person, +one can share projects under an “organization”.

    • +

  • You can then invite collaborators to an organization.

    • +

  • This is what we do in the CodeRefinery project: https://github.com/coderefinery

    • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Centralized workflow is often used for remote collaborative work.

    • +

  • origin refers to where you cloned from (but you can relocate it).

    • +

  • origin/mybranch is a read-only pointer to branch mybranch on origin.

    • +

  • These read-only pointers only move when you git fetch/git pull or git push.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to repositories that belong to others

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Get a mental representation of what is happening on GitHub/GitLab.

    • +

  • Get comfortable with the forking workflow.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 30 min teaching

    • +

  • 30 min exercises

    • +
+
+
+

Forking layout

+
+Forking workflow +
+

Forking workflow. Red is the central repository, where only +owners have access. Green are forks on GitHub (copy for a +single user to work on). Blue are local copies where contributors +work on their own computer.

+
+
+

In the forking layout, again we call one repository the “central” +repository but people push to forks (their own copies of the +repository on GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket).

+

Features:

+
    +

  • Anybody can propose contributions without asking for advance permission +(to public projects).

    • +

  • Maintainer still has full control over what is merged.

    • +

  • Contributors now have more than one remote to work with.

    • +
+

This is used by almost all large (and small) open-source projects +these days. Real life examples:

+ +
+

Discussion: Why do we create a fork and not only a clone?

+
    +

  • It is not easy to show my changes on my computer to somebody else.

    • +

  • The maintainer cannot pull from my laptop.

    • +

  • The cloud provider is a trusted place to pull from and allows review before pulling.

    • +

  • Backup.

    • +
+
+
+
+

Working with multiple remotes

+

In the forking layout described above we work with multiple remotes, +in this case two remotes: One remote refers to the “central” repository, and the other +remote refers to the fork.

+
    +

  • There is nothing special about the name origin. The origin is an alias/placeholder (think of “sticky note” referring to an URL).

    • +

  • We can name these aliases as we like.

    • +

  • We can add and remove remotes:

    +
    $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote rm upstream
+
+$ git remote add group-repo https://example.com/exciting-project.git
+$ git remote rm group-repo
+
+$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/project/project.git
+$ git remote add downstream https://github.com/userX/project.git
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • To see all remotes:

    +
    $ git remote --verbose
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+

Warning

+

We will work with a new repository for this exercise!

+

For this exercise we will fork a different repository compared to earlier today. +Please step out of the repository and check that you fork the forking-workflow-exercise.

+
+
+
+

Exercise

+

We are working on combining the steps into one exercise.

+
+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Exercise preparation

+
+

Maintainer (team lead):

+ +

Learners in exercise team: Fork the newly created repository (not the +“coderefinery” one) and then clone your fork.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 1 - creating a pull request

+
+

Distributed-1: Fork a repository and create a pull request

+

As an example we will collaboratively develop a cookbook for taco recipes, +inspired by tacofancy.

+

Objectives:

+
    +

  • Learn how to fork, modify the fork, and open a pull request towards the central repository.

    • +

  • Learn how to update your fork with changes that others have already made to the +forked repository.

    • +
+

Exercise:

+
    +

  • Maintainer prepares an exercise repository (see above; this will take 5-10 minutes).

    • +

  • Learners work on steps A-F (15-20 minutes).

    • +

  • There are two optional steps after step E for those who want more.

    • +

  • After step E you take a break or help others. +Please ask questions both during group work and in the collaborative document.

    • +

  • We will review the pull requests together +and then update forks.

    • +
+
+

Before and after each action you take, run the following informational +commands. Carefully observe what happens, especially in git graph:

+
    +

  • git graph - almost every time. As a reminder, to define git graph use:

    +
    $ git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • git status - when you modify files.

    • +
+
+

Step A: Fork and clone

+

First fork the exercise repository (please carefully check with your exercise group +which repository you should fork).

+
+_images/how-to-fork.png +
+

How to fork.

+
+
+

Then clone your fork to your computer. The repository URL +should include your username. Clone using the SSH path you get from +the webpage, not the https URL from the web browser. The URL should start with +git@github.com:. Otherwise, you won’t be able to push later.

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+_images/forking-1.svg
+

Forking followed by cloning.

+
+
+

This is how it looks after we fork:

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
    +

  • A fork is basically a (bare) clone.

    • +

  • The forked repo and the fork are in principle independent repositories.

    • +

  • When forking we copy all commits, all branches.

    • +
+

After we clone the fork we have three in principle independent repositories:

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-01.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step B: Open an “issue” as a change proposal

+

Before we start any coding, open a new “Issue” on the central repository as a +“proposal” where you describe your idea for a recipe with the possibility to +collect feedback from others. After creating this issue note the issue number. +We will later refer to this issue number.

+

Discuss why it can be useful to open an issue before +starting the actual coding.

+
+
+

Step C: Modify and commit

+

Before we do any modification, we create a new branch and switch to it: this is +a good reflex and a good practice. Choose a branch name which is descriptive of +its content. For example:

+
$ git branch myname-feature    # describes both who it belongs to and the purpose
+$ git switch myname-feature
+
+
+

On the new branch create a new file which will hold your recipe, +for instance traditional_coderefinery_tacos.md (but change the name). You can get inspired +here. Hopefully we all use different +file names, otherwise we will experience conflicts later (which is also interesting!).

+

There is also a file called test.py which will automatically verify whether your recipe contains the string +“taco” (case insensitive). This is there to slowly introduce us to automated testing.

+

Once you are happy with your recipe, commit the change and in your commit +message reference the issue which you have opened earlier with “this is my +commit message; closes #N” (use a more descriptive message and replace N by the +actual issue number from step B).

+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+

And here is a picture of what just happened:

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-02.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step D: Push your changes to the fork

+

Now push your new branch to your fork. Your branch is probably called something +else than “myname-feature”. Also verify where “origin” points to.

+
$ git push origin myname-feature
+
+
+
+

If you get a password request for https://github.com when you try to push

+

Probably you cloned with the HTTPS URL (see git remote -v to +confirm). You can change this to SSH by going to the repository page, +clicking “Code”, copying the SSH URL (starts with git@github.com:), +and then updating the URL with:

+
$ git remote set-url origin REPOSITORY-URL
+
+
+
+
+

Pictorial representation of this step

+
+_images/github-remote-01.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step E: Open a pull request

+

Then file a pull request from the branch on your fork towards the main branch on the central repository.

+
+

Pictorial representation for steps D and E

+
+_images/forking-2.svg
+

Push followed by a pull request.

+
+
+

A pull-request means: “please review my changes and if you agree, merge them with a mouse-click”.

+

Once the pull-request is accepted, the change is merged:

+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-03.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step F: View your pull request

+

Go to the central repository, and list all pull requests and view your your pull request. +Remember that the pull request is created on the original repostory.

+

Wait here until we integrate all pull requests into the central repo +together.

+

Observe how the issues automatically close after the pull requests are merged +(provided the commit messages contain the right keywords).

+
+

(optional) Distributed-2: Send a conflicting pull request

+

If you complete parts A-E much earlier than others, try to open another pull request +where you anticipate a conflict with your first pull request.

+
+
+

(optional) Distributed-3: Making changes to your pull request after it has been opened.

+

You can do that by pushing additional commits to the same branch where you opened the pull +request from. Observe how they end up added to your pull request.

+
+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 2 - code review and merging changes

+

We do this step together. The instructor shows a submitted +pull request, discusses what features to look at, and how to discuss and review.

+

At the same time, maintainers can review open pull requests from their exercises groups.

+
+

(optional) Distributed-4: Squash merge a pull request

+

If you complete this exercise much earlier than others, create a new pull +request with two or more commits.

+

Then, when reviewing the change as maintainer, accept these with “Squash and +merge” and later compare the source and target repositories/branches how they +differ after the small commits got squashed into one.

+
+
+
+

Exercise: Part 3 - Updating forks

+

We do this part after the contributions from all participants have been +integrated.

+

Once this is done, practice to update your fork with the +merged changes from others and verify that you got the files created by other participants.

+

Make sure that the contributions from other participants are not only on your +local repository but really also end up in your fork.

+

On GitHub it is possible to update the fork by pressing a button (see +screenshot below):

+
+Updating the fork via GitHub web interface +
+

Updating the fork via GitHub web interface.

+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line

+

Remotes are aliases. We can use the URLs a remote directly. +instead of aliases like origin or upstream.

+

Here we pull from the central repo and push to our fork:

+
$ git switch main
+$ git pull CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL main
+$ git push FORK-URL main
+
+
+

Here is a pictorial representation of this part:

+
+_images/forking-3.svg
+

Pull followed by push to a different remote.

+
+
+
+
+

Updating the fork using the command line (longer version)

+

Below is a step by step recipe with pictorial representations which hopefully +makes clear what happens in each step.

+
$ git remote add central CENTRAL-REPOSITORY-URL
+$ git fetch central
+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-04.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git switch main
+$ git merge central/main
+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-02.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-05.svg
+

local

+
+
+
$ git push origin main
+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-03.svg
+

central

+
+
+
+_images/github-remote-04.svg
+

fork

+
+
+
+_images/github-local-06.svg
+

local

+
+
+
+
+
+_images/remote.jpg +
+
    +

  • Luke Skywalker: You know, I did feel something. I could almost see the remote.

    • +

  • Ben Kenobi: That’s good. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world.

    • +
+

[from Star Wars Episode IV - A New Hope]

+
+

Discussion: Always create a feature branch

+

For each pull request create a new branch. Motivation:

+
    +

  • Limits the risk that commits get accidentally appended to an open pull +request (remember: pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit +to branch).

    • +

  • History-rewrite (rebased and/or squashed commits) on the central repository +does not lead to a diverging branch on the fork.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+

How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Avoid frustration and surprises by first discussing and then coding.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 15 min teaching/discussion

    • +
+
+
+

Contributing very minor changes

+
    +

  • Clone or fork+clone repository

    • +

  • Create a branch

    • +

  • Commit and push change

    • +

  • Open a pull request or merge request

    • +
+
+
+

If you observe an issue and have an idea how to fix it

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • Describe the problem

    • +

  • If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, describe your suggestion

    • +

  • Possibly discuss and get feedback

    • +

  • If you are working on the fix, indicate it in the issue so that others know that somebody is working on it and who is working on it

    • +

  • Submit your fix as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Inform others about an observed problem

    • +

  • Make it clear whether this issue is up for grabs or already being worked on

    • +
+
+
+
+

If you have an idea for a new feature

+
    +

  • Open an issue in the repository you wish to contribute to

    • +

  • In the issue, write a short proposal for your suggested change or new feature

    • +

  • Motivate why and how you wish to do this

    • +

  • Also indicate where you are unsure and where you would like feedback

    • +

  • Discuss and get feedback before you code

    • +

  • Once you start coding, indicate that you are working on it

    • +

  • Once you are done, submit your new feature as pull request or merge request which references/closes the issue/proposal

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Get agreement and feedback before writing 5000 lines of code which might be rejected

    • +

  • If we later wonder why something was done, we have the issue/proposal as +reference and can read up on the reasoning behind a code change

    • +
+
+
+
+

WIP (work in progress) merge requests and draft pull requests

+
    +

  • Convention: Pull requests or merge requests starting with “WIP” or “Draft” are not to be merged yet

    • +

  • They are there to collect feedback on unfinished work

    • +

  • On GitHub you can create draft pull requests +which cannot be merged until marked ready for review.

    • +

  • Also GitLab offers same mechanism (merge request starting with “WIP” or “Draft”)

    • +
+
+

Motivation

+
    +

  • Collect feedback before it is finished and before it becomes more difficult to change

    • +

  • Communicate to others what is partially done if it affects their work

    • +
+
+
+
+

Licenses matter

+
    +

  • If you submit code that is derivative work or code somebody else wrote, clarify license

    • +

  • If you receive pull requests with a lot of code, clarify its license and +copyright with the submitter, before merging

    • +
+
+
+

How to make sure that you don’t merge malicious code

+

(this is typically not a problem for most of us but can be a problem for some)

+
    +

  • Since commit hashes depend on all their parents you cannot modify the past +without all future hashes changing

    • +

  • Projects like https://github.com/torvalds/linux or https://github.com/Homebrew/brew +have to be extremely careful what they accept

    • +

  • Browse the code changes before merging them

    • +

  • If you get an extremely large changeset, ask for more information

    • +

  • Possibly verify whether the submitter is not trying to impersonate somebody you know

    • +

  • Git commits can be PGP signed to verify authenticity

    • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +

  • Communicate and discuss before coding massive changes.

    • +

  • Cross-reference discussions, proposals, and code changes.

    • +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Hooks

+
+

Objectives

+
    +

  • Learn how to couple scripts to Git repository events.

    • +
+
+
+

Instructor note

+
    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

    • +
+
+

Sometimes you would like Git events (commits, pushes, etc.) to trigger scripts +which take care of some tasks. Hooks are scripts that are executed +before/after certain Git events. They can be used to enforce nearly any kind of +policy for your project. There are client-side and server-side hooks.

+
+

Client-side hooks

+

You can find and edit them here:

+
$ ls -l .git/hooks/
+
+
+
    +

  • pre-commit: before commit message editor (example: make sure tests pass)

    • +

  • prepare-commit-msg: before commit message editor (example: modify default messages)

    • +

  • commit-msg: after commit message editor (example: validate commit message pattern)

    • +

  • post-commit: after commit process (example: notification)

    • +

  • pre-rebase: before rebase anything (example: disallow rebasing published commits)

    • +

  • post-rewrite: run by commands that rewrite commits

    • +

  • post-checkout: after successful git checkout (example: generating documentation)

    • +

  • post-merge: after successful merge

    • +

  • pre-push: runs during git push before any objects have been transferred

    • +

  • pre-auto-gc: invoked just before the garbage collection takes place

    • +
+

See also https://pre-commit.com, +a framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.

+

Example for a pre-commit hook which checks whether a Python code is PEP 8-compliant +using pycodestyle:

+
#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# ignore errors due to too long lines
+pycodestyle --ignore=E501 myproject/
+
+
+
+
+

Server-side hooks

+

You can typically edit them through a web interface on GitHub/GitLab.

+
    +

  • pre-receive: before accepting any references

    • +

  • update: like pre-receive but runs once per pushed branch

    • +

  • post-receive: after entire process is completed

    • +

  • Typical use:

    +
      +

    • Maintenance work

      • +

    • Automated tests

      • +

    • Refreshing of documentation/website

      • +

    • Sanity checks

      • +

    • Code style checks

      • +

    • Email notification

      • +

    • Rebuilding software packages

      • +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

Actions, workflows, and continuous integration services

+

GitHub and GitLab let you define workflows/actions/recipes which are triggered +by e.g. git push or by a release (tag creation). They can be customized and +almost any automation you can think of becomes possible.

+

These services use hooks under the hood. These days, project are more likely to +use these higher-level services rather than Git hooks directly.

+

You can read more about these services here:

+ +

In our projects we use these services to:

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    +

  • Build websites

    • +

  • Build documentation

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  • Run tests

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  • Create containers

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  • Package and upload packages

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  • Spellchecking

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+
+
+

Non-bare and bare repositories

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+

Objectives

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  • Understanding the difference between non-bare and bare repositories.

    • +

  • Being able to create a common repository for a group on our local computer or server.

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+
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Instructor note

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    +

  • 10 min teaching/demonstration

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+
+
+

Non-bare repository

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    +

  • A non-bare repository contains .git/ as well as a snapshot of your +tracked files that you can directly edit called the working tree (the +actual files you can edit).

    • +

  • This is where we edit and commit changes.

    • +

  • When we create a repository with git init, it is a non-bare, “normal”, repository.

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+
+
+

Bare repository

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    +

  • A bare repository contains only the .git/ part, no files you can directly edit.

    • +

  • By convention the names of bare repositories end with .git to emphasize this.

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  • We never do actual editing work inside a bare repository.

    • +

  • GitHub, GitLab, etc. store a bare repository.

    • +

  • You can also create a bare repository on your computer/server to store your private repository.

    • +
+

If we have enough time, the instructor demonstrates how to create a bare +repository on the local computer:

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+

Bare-1: Create and use a bare repository

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    +

  • Create a new local repository with git init.

    +
    $ cd /path/to/example
+$ git init
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    +
    +
    • +

  • Populate it with a file and a commit or two.

    • +

  • Create one or two branches.

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  • Clone this repository on the same computer with either --bare or --mirror:

    +
    $ git clone --bare /path/to/example /path/to/example-bare
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inspect the bare repository.

    • +

  • Clone the bare repository:

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    $ git clone /path/to/example-bare /path/to/example-clone
+$ cd /path/to/example-clone
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Inside the clone inspect git remote -v.

    • +

  • Inside the clone create a commit and push the commit to origin.

    • +

  • The bare repository can be cloned several times and one can exercise pushing and pulling changes.

    • +
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Keypoints

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  • We do programming work inside non-bare repositories.

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  • We can create a local common bare repository where we can push to and pull from.

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Quick reference

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Other cheatsheets

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See the git-intro cheatsheet for +the basics.

+ +
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Glossary

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    +

  • remote: Roughly, another git repository on another computer. A +repository can be linked to several other remotes.

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  • push: Send a branch from your current repository to another repository

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  • fetch: Update your view of another repository

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  • pull: Fetch (above) and then merge

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  • origin: Default name for a remote repository.

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  • origin/NAME: A branch name which represents a remote branch.

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  • main: Default name for main branch.

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  • merge: Combine the changes on two branches.

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  • conflict: When a merge has changes that affect the same lines, +git can not automatically figure out what to do. It presents the +conflict to the user to resolve.

    • +

  • issue: Feature of web repositories that allows discussion +related to a repository.

    • +

  • pull request: A GitHub/Gitlab feature that allows you to send a +code suggestion using a branch, which allows one-button merging. In +Gitlab, called “merge request”.

    • +

  • git hook: Code that can run before or after certain actions, for +example to do tests before allowing you to commit.

    • +

  • bare repository: A copy of a repository that only is only the .git +directory: there are no files actually checked out. Directory names +usually like something.git

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+

Commands we use

+

This excludes most introduced in the git-intro +cheatsheet.

+

Setup:

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  • git clone URL [TARGET-DIRECTORY]: Make a copy of existing +repository at <url>, containing all history.

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+

Status:

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  • git status: Same as in basic git, list status

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  • git remote [-v]: List all remotes

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  • git graph: see a detailed graph of commits. Create this command +with git config --global alias.graph "log --all --graph --decorate --oneline"

    • +
+

General work:

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  • git switch BRANCH-NAME: Make a branch active.

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  • git push [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH:BRANCH]: Send commits and +update the branch on the remote.

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  • git pull [REMOTE-NAME] [BRANCH-NAME]: Fetch and then merge +automatically. Can be convenient, but to be careful you can fetch +and merge separately.

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  • git fetch [REMOTE-NAME]: Get commits from the remote. Doesn’t +update local branches, but updates the remote tracking branches +(like origin/NAME).

    • +

  • git merge [BRANCH-NAME]: Updates your current branch with +changes from another branch. By default, merges to the branch is is +tracking by default.

    • +

  • git remote add REMOTE-NAME URL: Adds a new remote with a +certain name.

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+
+
+

List of exercises

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+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

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Instructor guide

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Schedule Day 3

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  • 08:50 - 09:00: Soft start and icebreaker question

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  • 09:00 - 09:15: Recap Git, any HedgeDoc questions to highlight

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  • 09:15 - 09:30: Concepts around collaboration

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      +

    • Explain terms: Pull, push, clone, fork. Focus on pull and not fetch.

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    • Focus more on clone and less on generating from templates and importing.

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 09:30 - 11:00: Centralized workflow

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      +

    • 9:30 - 9:45: Explain concepts

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    • 9:45 - 9:55: Break

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    • 9:55 - 10:00: Inform clearly what is expected outcome

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    • 10:00 - 10:30: Exercise

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    • 10:30 - 11:00: Instructors go through the exercise. Discussion and answering questions

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    +
    • +

  • 11:00 - 12:00: Lunch Break

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  • 12:00 - 13:10: Distributed version control and forking workflow

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      +

    • 12:00 - 12:15: Concepts and what are exercise outcomes

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    • 12:15 - 12:45: Exercise

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    • 12:45 - 12:55 Break

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    • 12:55 - 13:10: Instructors go through excercises. Discussion and answering questions

      • +
    +
    • +

  • 13:10 - 13:30: How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project and Q&A

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+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+

In order to collaborate efficiently using Git, it’s essential to have a solid +understanding of how remotes work, and how to contribute changes through pull +requests or merge requests. The git-intro lesson +teaches participants how to +work efficiently with Git when there is only one developer (more precisely: how +to work when there are no remote Git repositories yet in the picture). This +lesson dives into the collaborative aspects of Git and focuses on the possible +collaborative workflows enabled by web-based repository hosting platforms like +GitHub.

+

This lesson is meant to directly benefit workshop participants who have prior +experience with Git, enabling them to put collaborative workflows involving +code review directly into practice when they return to their normal work. For +novice Git users (who may have learned a lot in the git-intro lesson) this +lesson is somewhat challenging, but the lesson aims to introduce them to the +concepts and give them confidence to start using these workflows later when +they have gained some further experience in working with Git.

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+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+

By the end of this lesson, learners should:

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  • Understand the concept of remotes

    • +

  • Be able to describe the difference between local and remote branches

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  • Be able to describe the difference between centralized and forking workflows

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  • Know how to use pull requests or merge requests to submit changes to another projects

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  • Know how to reference issues in commits or pull/merge requests and how to auto-close issues

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  • Know how to update a fork

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  • Be able to contribute in code review as submitter or reviewer

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+
+
+

Interesting questions you might get

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  • If participants run git graph they might notice origin/HEAD. This has been +omitted from the figures to not overload the presentation. This pointer represents the +default branch of the remote repository.

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+
+

Timing

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  • The centralized collaboration episode is densest and introduces many new concepts, +so at least an hour is required for it.

    • +

  • The forking-workflow exercise repeats familiar concepts (only +introduces forking and distributed workflows), and it takes maybe half the +time of the first episode.

    • +

  • The “How to contribute changes to somebody else’s project” episode can be +covered relatively quickly and offers room for discussion if you have time left. +However, this should not be skipped as this is perhaps the key learning outcome.

    • +
+
+
+

Preparing exercises

+

Exercise leads typically prepare exercise repositories for the exercise group +(although the material speaks about “maintainer” who can also be one of the +learners). Preparing the first exercise (centralized workflow) will take more +time than preparing the second (forking workflow). Most preparation time is not +the generating part but will go into communicating the URL to the exercise +group, communicating their usernames, adding them as collaborators, and waiting +until everybody accepts the GitHub invitation to join the newly created +exercise repository.

+

Live stream:

+
    +

  • Create the centralized exercises in an organization (not under your username) so +that you can give others admin access to add collaborators. Also this way you +can then fork yourself if needed.

    • +

  • For CR workshops, the exercises were placed under +https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises. The instructors or team leads need to have owner status in the organization in order to invite people.

    • +

  • We have created two versions of each a day in advance to signal which one might end up +being discussed on recording/stream:

    +
      +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • centralized-workflow-exercise

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise-recorded

      • +

    • forking-workflow-exercise

      • +
    +
    • +

  • Protect the default branch of the two centralized-* repositories.

    • +

  • We create a organization team, stream-exercise-participants. The +centralized workflow exercise repos have this team added as a +collaborator (not forking - they fork so they don’t need write +access there).

    • +

  • We have collected usernames of people who want to contribute via +issues on GitHub. Make a fifth repository, access-requests, +create a sample access request issue there, and have learners make a +new issue in that repository. The day/morning before the day of the lesson the instructor or team leader now has to invite the learners to the team. Three steps: +1. copy the learners GitHub username from the issue +2. go to team member page, example linked here and invite that username to the team (this means first clicking invite and then scrolling down to click the “add username to …” button. This sends an email to that users email that is connected to their GitHub account. +3. In the issue, copy following text (or similar) to the issue and “close with comment”:

    +
    We have added you to the CodeRefinery exercise repository.
+
+What you should do before the exercise starts:
+
+You will get an invitation from GitHub to your email address (that GitHub knows about). Please accept that invitation so that you can participate in the collaborative exercise.
+To make sure you don't get too many emails during the exercise, don't forget to "unwatch" both https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise and https://github.com/cr-workshop-exercises/centralized-workflow-exercise-recorded.
+To "unwatch", go to the repository and click the "Unwatch" button (top middle of the screen) and then select "Participating and @mentions".
+
    +
    +
    • +
+

``

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Typical pitfalls

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Difference between pull and pull requests

+

The difference between pull and pull requests can be confusing, explain clearly +that pull requests or merge requests are a different mechanism specific to +GitHub, GitLab, etc.

+
+
+

Pull requests are from branch to branch, not from commit to branch

+

The behavior that additional commits to a branch from which a pull request has +been created get appended to the pull request needs to be explained.

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+
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+

Other practical aspects

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    +

  • In in-person workshops participants really have to sit next to someone, so +that they can see the screens. From the beginning.

    • +

  • Emphasize use of git graph a lot, just like in the git-solo lesson.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/objects.inv b/singlehtml/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1521d3f Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/objects.inv differ