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Learn-travis-ci.html
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<body>
<h1>Travis CI ( Continuous Integration ) Learning</h1>
<p>demo仓库地址：https://github.com/dumganhar/learn-travis
demo travis-ci地址：https://travis-ci.org/dumganhar/learn-travis</p>
<h2>Travis CI 的优缺点</h2>
<h3>优点</h3>
<ul>
<li>小清新: 配置简单</li>
</ul>
<p>```yaml
language: cpp
env:
matrix:
- PLATFORM=linux DEBUG=1</p>
<p>script:
- $CXX helloworld.cpp -o helloworld
- ./helloworld</p>
<p>before_install:</p>
<p>compiler:
- clang
- gcc
```</p>
<ul>
<li>和Github非常暧昧:)</li>
<li>提供免费的服务器</li>
<li>网络速度非常快，平均10m/s以上</li>
<li>每次的构建都是干净的，排除历史构建的干扰
<ul>
<li><strong>其他ci(Jenkins)</strong>都是在历史的基础上pull最新代码</li>
<li>动态分配VM,使用完删除</li>
</ul></li>
<li>支持的语言很多: C, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Groovy, Haskell, Java, Javascript(with
Node.js), Objective-C, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scala
<ul>
<li>这些支持的语言是指默认在Host机器上安装好了<code>开发环境</code>，其实没有安装也是可以进行构建的，cocos2d-x
的android环境就是人为配置的，需要下载对应的ndk, 其实直接把travis当成一个正常的ubuntu和osx机器使用
也是没任何问题的。</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3>缺点</h3>
<ul>
<li>Windows被鄙视，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~</li>
<li>虽然编译环境支持<code>OSX</code>和<code>Ubuntu</code>,但是一次构建不同任务无法分别使用不同的平台，<code>OSX</code>和<code>Ubuntu</code>二者选一
<code>Travis-CI</code>是根据language选择对应的host，除了<code>objective-c</code>是用<code>OSX</code>，其他都是用<code>Ubuntu</code>作为Host</li>
</ul>
<h2>CI 环境变量</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>CI=true</code></li>
<li><code>TRAVIS=true</code></li>
<li><code>DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive</code></li>
<li><code>HAS_JOSH_K_SEAL_OF_APPROVAL=true</code></li>
<li><code>USER=travis (do not depend on this value)</code></li>
<li><code>HOME=/home/travis (do not depend on this value)</code></li>
<li><code>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</code></li>
<li><code>LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8</code></li>
<li><code>RAILS_ENV=test</code></li>
<li><code>RACK_ENV=test</code></li>
<li><code>MERB_ENV=test</code></li>
<li><code>JRUBY_OPTS="--server -Dcext.enabled=false -Xcompile.invokedynamic=false"</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Additionally, Travis sets environment variables you can use in your build, e.g. to tag the build, or to run post-build deployments.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>TRAVIS_BRANCH</code>: 当前构建分支名称</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR</code>: 仓库在构建host机器上的绝对路径</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_BUILD_ID</code>: Travis内部使用的当前构建的唯一ID</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_BUILD_NUMBER</code>: 当前构建号 e.g. 2</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_COMMIT</code>: 当前构建commit的SHA-1</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_COMMIT_RANGE</code>: 当前构建的commit范围</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_JOB_ID</code>: travis内部使用的当前任务ID</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_JOB_NUMBER</code>: 当前任务编号 e.g. 2.1</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST</code>: 若是PullRequest触发的构建，则为Pull Request编号，否则为false</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_SECURE_ENV_VARS</code>: 值为true或者false, 是否用到了加密变量</li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG</code>: 当前仓库，格式为owner<em>name/repo</em>name</li>
</ul>
<p>语言相关的变量</p>
<ul>
<li><code>TRAVIS_RUBY_VERSION</code></li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_JDK_VERSION</code></li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_NODE_VERSION</code></li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_PHP_VERSION</code></li>
<li><code>TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION</code></li>
</ul>
<h2>使用apt安装软件依赖</h2>
<p>sudo apt-get install -qq</p>
<h2>如何让github上面的项目支持travis-ci持续集成</h2>
<ul>
<li>用github账户登陆 <a href="https://travis-ci.org">Travis-CI</a>, 授权travis-ci访问github仓库</li>
<li>Accounts --> Repositories --> 开启需要支持travis-ci的仓库</li>
<li>编写.travis.yml文件，放置项目根目录</li>
</ul>
<h2>C 工程的CI 环境</h2>
<p><code>
Travis VMs are 64 bit and currently provide
gcc 4.6
clang 3.1
core GNU build toolchain (autotools, make), cmake, scons
</code></p>
<h2>如何编写.travis.yml</h2>
<p>参考 <a href="http://about.travis-ci.org/docs/user/build-configuration/">Configuring your Travis CI build with .travis.yml</a></p>
<ul>
<li>构建生命周期
<ul>
<li>切换到当前语言的<em>运行时</em>(比如Ruby 1.9.3 or CPP)</li>
<li>clone 整个项目，包含更新子模块(无法在clone前执行用户script)</li>
<li>执行<strong>before<em>install</strong>脚本(若存在)</li>
<li>进入clone好的仓库目录，执行对应的安装命令（若无指定，命令依赖于当前语言）</li>
<li>执行<strong>before</em>script</strong>脚本(若存在)</li>
<li>执行并测试<strong>script</strong>命令（若无指定，则依赖当前语言），exit code为0表示成功，反之失败</li>
<li>执行<strong>after<em>success/after</em>failure</strong>脚本(若存在)</li>
<li>执行<strong>after_script</strong>脚本(若存在)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>构建结果被放置在<code>TRAVIS_TEST_RESULT</code>变量中，可用在<strong>after_script</strong>脚本中</p>
<h3>YAML 语法</h3>
<p>```yaml
before<em>script:
- before</em>command<em>1
- before</em>command<em>2
- sh -c "if [ '$DB' = 'pgsql' ]; then psql -c 'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS doctrine</em>tests;' -U postgres; fi"
after<em>script:
- after</em>command<em>1
- after</em>command_2</p>
<p>before_install:</p>
<p>install: sudo apt-get install -qq 软件包名
```</p>
<h3>设置环境变量</h3>
<p><code>yaml
rvm:
- 1.9.3
- rbx-18mode
env:
- FOO=foo BAR=bar
- FOO=bar BAR=foo
</code>
将触发四个构建:
<code>text
Ruby 1.9.3 with FOO=foo and BAR=bar
Ruby 1.9.3 with FOO=bar and BAR=foo
Rubinius in 1.8 mode with FOO=foo and BAR=bar
Rubinius in 1.8 mode with FOO=bar and BAR=foo
</code></p>
<h3>超时</h3>
<ul>
<li>构建在50分钟后还继续运行</li>
<li>10分钟内没有任何log输出</li>
</ul>
<h3>构建分支</h3>
<p>当有push或者PR时，默认为所有分支（除了<code>gh-pages</code>）执行构建操作
当然这也是可以定制的:
```yaml
黑名单
branches:
except:
- legacy
- experimental</p>
<p>白名单
branches:
only:
- master
- stable
```</p>
<p>只能指定<code>黑名单</code>或<code>白名单</code>，若两个都指定，<code>except</code>将被忽略</p>
<p>支持正则表达式:
<code>yaml
branches:
only:
- master
- /^deploy-.*$/
</code></p>
<h3>构建环境、matrix配置</h3>
<p><code>yaml
env:
matrix:
- GEN_JSB=YES
- PLATFORM=linux DEBUG=1
</code>
执行多少构建?</p>
<h3>可以用travis-lint检查对应的配置是否合法</h3>
<p>目前还比较简陋。检查功能不强</p>
<h3>覆盖默认的脚本命令</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>cpp工程默认编译命令：<code>./configure && make && make test</code>，
可以使用<code>script</code>字段覆盖默认命令</p></li>
<li><p>cpp工程默认导出两个环境变量：<code>CXX</code>和<code>CC</code>，他们的值由使用的编译器决定
```yaml
compiler:</p>
<ul>
<li>clang</li>
<li>gcc
```</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h2>构建完成后发送通知</h2>
<p><code>Travis CI</code> 能通过<code>email</code>,<code>IRC</code>, <code>Campfire</code>, <code>Flowdock</code>, <code>HipChat</code>
和<code>webhooks</code>来发送构建结果的通知</p>
<h3>email通知</h3>
<p>他默认发送email给</p>
<ul>
<li>添加新commit的作者</li>
<li>这个仓库的所有者</li>
</ul>
<p>可以完全关闭email通知</p>
<p><code>yaml
notifications:
email: false
</code></p>
<p>也可以定制发送email地址和条件(Success or Faiure)</p>
<p><code>yaml
notifications:
email:
recipients:
on_success: [always|never|change] # default: change
on_failure: [always|never|change] # default: always
</code>
<code>always</code>: 每次构建成功(或失败)的时候发送通知
<code>never</code> : 每次构建成功(或失败)都不发送通知
<code>change</code>: 当编译状态改变的时候发送通知，success -> failure 或者 failure -> success</p>
<h2>加密重要数据</h2>
<h3>Cocos2d-x 中使用的加密</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>Cocos2d-x</code> <code>travis-ci</code>含有三组加密数据，分别是GH<em>USER, GH</em>PASSWORD, GH_EMAIL
他们是<code>CocosRobot</code>的账户、密码和邮件
<ul>
<li>用于<code>bindings-generator</code>生成的新jsbindings glue代码产生变化的时候<em>push</em>
到 <a href="https://github.com/folecr/cocos2dx-autogen-bindings">auto-gen-jsb-repo</a></li>
<li><code>CocosRobot</code>向<code>cocos2d-x</code>发送<code>jsbindings</code>自动绑定代码的<code>Pull Request</code></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3>How to ?</h3>
<p><code>sh
gem install travis
travis encrypt github用户名/仓库名称 "GH_USER=xxx GH_PASSWORD=xxx"
</code></p>
<p>Then you need to add them as ENV variable in .travis.yml:</p>
<p><code>yaml
env:
global:
- secure: ".... encrypted string here ....."
</code></p>
<p>And use them in your script:</p>
<p><code>sh
export REPO="$(pwd | sed s,^/home/travis/builds/,,g)"
ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
if [ "$TRAVIS_BRANCH" == "travis" ]; then
git branch -D gh-pages
git checkout -B gh-pages
git add -f dist/.
git commit -m "Add built output"
git push https://$(GH_USER):$(GH_PASSWORD)@github.com/${REPO} gh-pages
fi
</code></p>
<p>题外话：如何通过命令行发送Pull Request
<code>sh
curl --user "${GH_USER}:${GH_PASSWORD}" --request POST --data "{ \"title\": \"$COMMITTAG : updating submodule reference to latest autogenerated bindings\", \"body\": \"\", \"head\": \"${GH_USER}:${COCOS_BRANCH}\", \"base\": \"${TRAVIS_BRANCH}\"}" https://api.github.com/repos/cocos2d/cocos2d-x/pulls 2> /dev/null > /dev/null
</code></p>
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