Crash when creating an object in shared memory and compiling with optimization

[mtg49]

A C++ application creating an object in shared memory crashes due to a segmentation violation when
the application is compiled with -O2 or -O3. When compiling without the -O2 or -O3, the application works correctly.

See below for the file tests.cc which is a part of a unit test using the Boost unit test framework.
The crash occurs has been seen both when using Boost 1.65 and Boost 1.78.
Could you please help me to find the reason for this crash?
Please see various info related to this issue below.

Building the executable file

g++ -O3 -c tests.cc -o tests.o
g++ tests.o -lboost_unit_test_framework -lpthread -lrt -o unit_tests

Output when crashing (compiled with -O2 or -O3)

./unit_tests
Running 1 test case...
unknown location(0): fatal error: in "test_1": signal: SIGSEGV, si_code: 128 (memory access violation at address: 0x00000000)
tests.cc(66): last checkpoint: "test_1" test entry

*** 1 failure is detected in the test module "shm_comm"

Output when compiling without -O2 and -O3

./unit_tests
Running 1 test case...

*** No errors detected

Compiler version

gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)

File tests.cc

#define BOOST_TEST_DYN_LINK
#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN

#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE shm_comm
#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>

#include
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>

namespace bip = boost::interprocess;
constexpr int CACHE_LINE_SIZE = 64;

class S
{
class AQC
{
public:
alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) std::atomic head_ = {};
};

class AQ : public AQC
{
public:
alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) std::atomic<uint64_t> elements_[3] = {};
};

public:
static S& getInstance()
{
static S instance;
return instance;
}

bool f(void)
{
  bip::shared_memory_object::remove("abc");

  int number_of_bytes_in_shm = sizeof(AQ);

  // Add space for other areas. This is not clear exactly what this is used for and its exact size.
  number_of_bytes_in_shm += 600;
  
  // Create a shared memory segment
  mSegment = new bip::managed_shared_memory(bip::create_only, "abc", number_of_bytes_in_shm);

  mAQ = mSegment->construct<AQ>("AQ")();
  return true;
}

S(S const&)  = delete;
void operator=(S const&) = delete;

private:
S() {}
~S() {}
bip::managed_shared_memory* mSegment;
AQ* mAQ;
};

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_1)
{
S& s = S::getInstance();

bool f = s.f();
BOOST_CHECK(f == true);
}

[mtg49]

The stack shows the following when a crash has occurred:

gdb ./unit_tests
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 8.1-0ubuntu3.2) 8.1.0.20180409-git
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
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and "show warranty" for details.
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Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
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For help, type "help".
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Reading symbols from ./unit_tests...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
(gdb) r
Starting program: unit_tests
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
Running 1 test case...

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000555555589a89 in boost::interprocess::ipcdetail::CtorArgN<S::AQ, false>::construct_n(void*, unsigned long, unsigned long&)
()
(gdb) info s
#0 0x0000555555589a89 in boost::interprocess::ipcdetail::CtorArgN<S::AQ, false>::construct_n(void*, unsigned long, unsigned long&) ()
#1 0x00005555555b7314 in void* boost::interprocess::segment_manager<char, boost::interprocess::rbtree_best_fit<boost::interprocess::mutex_family, boost::interprocess::offset_ptr<void, long, unsigned long, 0ul>, 0ul>, boost::interprocess::iset_index>::priv_generic_named_construct(unsigned char, char const*, unsigned long, bool, bool, boost::interprocess::ipcdetail::in_place_interface&, boost::interprocess::iset_index<boost::interprocess::ipcdetail::index_config<char, boost::interprocess::rbtree_best_fit<boost::interprocess::mutex_family, boost::interprocess::offset_ptr<void, long, unsigned long, 0ul>, 0ul> > >&, boost::interprocess::ipcdetail::bool_) ()
#2 0x0000555555588369 in test_1::test_method() ()
#3 0x0000555555588941 in test_1_invoker() ()
#4 0x0000555555592c0e in boost::detail::function::function_obj_invoker0<boost::detail::forward, int>::invoke(boost::detail::function::function_buffer&) ()
#5 0x000055555556c1f5 in boost::execution_monitor::catch_signals(boost::function<int ()> const&) ()
#6 0x000055555556dff6 in boost::execution_monitor::execute(boost::function<int ()> const&) ()
#7 0x000055555556e79d in boost::execution_monitor::vexecute(boost::function<void ()> const&) ()
#8 0x0000555555573bc7 in boost::unit_test::unit_test_monitor_t::execute_and_translate(boost::function<void ()> const&, unsigned long) ()
#9 0x00005555555a8c95 in boost::unit_test::framework::state::execute_test_tree(unsigned long, unsigned long, boost::unit_test::framework::state::random_generator_helper const*) ()
#10 0x00005555555a8f13 in boost::unit_test::framework::state::execute_test_tree(unsigned long, unsigned long, boost::unit_test::framework::state::random_generator_helper const*) ()
#11 0x000055555557bdbe in boost::unit_test::framework::run(unsigned long, bool) ()
#12 0x0000555555587ddf in boost::unit_test::unit_test_main(boost::unit_test::test_suite* (*)(int, char**), int, char**) ()
#13 0x00007ffff6c9dbf7 in __libc_start_main (main=0x5555555629d0

, argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffdd68, init=,
fini=, rtld_fini=, stack_end=0x7fffffffdd58) at ../csu/libc-start.c:310
#14 0x00005555555635ea in _start ()
(gdb)

[mtg49]

If the following line:
alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) std::atomic<uint64_t> elements_[3] = {};
is changed so that the number of elements in elements_ is increased to 9 or more, there is no crash when
compiling with -O2 or -O3.
That is, for example:
alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) std::atomic<uint64_t> elements_[9] = {};
given no crash when compiling with -O2 or -O3 given that all other things are unchanged.