Update Rust crate rocket to v0.5.1

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Type	Update	Change
rocket (source)	dependencies	patch	=0.5.0-rc.4 -> =0.5.1

---

Release Notes

rwf2/Rocket (rocket)

v0.5.1

Compare Source

This release contains the following crate updates:

• rocket 0.5.1
• rocket_db_pools 0.2.0
• rocket_dyn_templates 0.2.0
• rocket_ws 0.1.1

rocket 0.5.1

• The following char and std::ops::Range types now implement FromForm:

  • char
  • Range<T: FromForm> with start and end fields
  • RangeFrom<T: FromForm> with start field
  • RangeTo<T: FromForm> with end field
  • RangeToInclusive<T: FromForm> with end field

• [T; N], Vec<T>, and [u8] can now be passed to uri!.

• The guide now includes a deploying section.

• The FromForm derive now properly records errors involving entire forms.

• FromForm derive can now be used in code emitted by macro_rules! macros.

• (fix #​2668 via 52de9a) [TempFile] now ensures it flushes before
  being persisted.

rocket_db_pools 0.2.0

• SQLite extensions are now supported in sqlx_sqlite.

  Use a database configuration option of extensions to specify extensions:

  [default.databases.db_name]
  url = "db.sqlite"

This option is only supported by the sqlx_sqlite driver.

extensions = ["memvfs", "rot13"]
```

• (breaking) deadpool was updated to 0.13.

• (breaking) The Config
  structure has a new extensions field.

rocket_dyn_templates 0.2.0

• Support for minijinja 2.0 templates was introduced.

  Templates with an extension of .j2 are recognized and rendered with
  Minijinja.

• (breaking) handlebars was updated to 5.1.

rocket_ws 0.1.1

• Introduced [WebSocket::accept_key()][WebSocket::accept_key()] method.

• tungstenite was updated to 0.21.

General Changes

• The rust-version for all crates was updated to 1.64.

  This reflects the correct MSRV required to build rocket 0.5.0.

• License files are now present in all published crates.

v0.5.0

Compare Source

Major Features and Improvements

This release introduces the following major features and improvements:

• Support for compilation on Rust's stable release channel.
• A rewritten, fully asynchronous core with support for [async/await][async/await].
• WebSocket support via [rocket_ws][rocket_ws].
• Feature-complete forms support including multipart, collections, ad-hoc validation, and
  context.
• Sentinels: automatic verification of application state at start-up to prevent runtime errors.
• Graceful shutdown with configurable signaling, grace periods, notification, and
  shutdown fairings.
• An entirely new, flexible and robust configuration system based on Figment.
• Typed asynchronous streams and Server-Sent Events with generator syntax.
• Asynchronous database pooling support via [rocket_db_pools][rocket_db_pools].
• Support for mutual TLS and client [Certificate][Certificate]s.
• Automatic support for HTTP/2 including h2 ALPN.
• Graduation of json, msgpack, and uuid rocket_contrib features into core.
• An automatically enabled [Shield][Shield]: security and privacy headers for all responses.
• Type-system enforced incoming data limits to mitigate memory-based DoS attacks.
• Compile-time URI literals via a fully revamped [uri!][uri!] macro.
• Request connection upgrade APIs with support for raw I/O with the client.
• Full support for UTF-8 characters in routes and catchers.
• Precise detection of missing managed state, databases, and templating with sentinels.
• Typed build phases with strict application-level guarantees.
• Ignorable segments: wildcard route matching with no typing restrictions.
• First-class [support for serde][support for serde] for built-in guards and types.
• New application launch attributes:
  #[launch] and
  #[rocket::main].
• Default catchers via #[catch(default)], which handle any status code.
• Catcher scoping to narrow the scope of a catcher to a URI prefix.
• Built-in libraries and support for asynchronous testing.
• A [TempFile][TempFile] data and form guard for automatic uploading to a temporary file.
• A [Capped<T>][Capped] data and form guard which enables detecting truncation due to data limits.
• Support for dynamic and static prefixing and suffixing of route URIs in [uri!][uri!].
• Support for custom config profiles and automatic typed config extraction.
• Rewritten, zero-copy, RFC compliant URI parsers with support for URI-[Reference][Reference]s.
• Multi-segment parameters (<param..>) which match zero segments.
• A [local_cache!][local_cache!] macro for request-local storage of non-uniquely typed values.
• A [CookieJar][CookieJar] without "one-at-a-time" limitations.
• Singleton fairings with replacement and guaranteed uniqueness.
• Data limit declaration in SI units: "2 MiB", 2.mebibytes().
• Optimistic responding even when data is left unread or limits are exceeded.
• Fully decoded borrowed strings as dynamic parameters, form and data guards.
• Borrowed byte slices as data and form guards.
• Fail-fast behavior for misconfigured secrets, file serving paths.
• Support for generics and custom generic bounds in
  #[derive(Responder)].
• Default ranking colors, which prevent more routing collisions automatically.
• Improved error logging with suggestions when common errors are detected.
• Completely rewritten examples including a new real-time [chat][chat] application.

Support for Rust Stable

As a result of support for Rust stable (Rust 2021 Edition and beyond),
#![feature(..)] crate attributes are no longer required to use Rocket. The
complete canonical example with a single hello route becomes:

#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;

#[get("/<name>/<age>")]
fn hello(name: &str, age: u8) -> String {
    format!("Hello, {} year old named {}!", age, name)
}

#[launch]
fn rocket() -> _ {
    rocket::build().mount("/hello", routes![hello])
}

See a diff of the changes from v0.4.

- #![feature(proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro)]
-
 #[macro_use] extern crate rocket;

 #[get("/<name>/<age>")]
- fn hello(name: String, age: u8) -> String {
+ fn hello(name: &str, age: u8) -> String {
     format!("Hello, {} year old named {}!", age, name)
}

- fn main() {
-     rocket::ignite().mount("/hello", routes![hello]).launch();
- }
+ #[launch]
+ fn rocket() -> _ {
+     rocket::build().mount("/hello", routes![hello])
+ }

Breaking Changes

This release includes many breaking changes. For a walkthrough guide on handling these changes, see
the v0.4 to v0.5 migration guide. The most significant changes are listed below.

Silent Changes

These changes are invisible to the compiler and will not yield errors or warnings at compile-time.
We strongly advise all application authors to review this list carefully.

• Blocking I/O (long running compute, synchronous sleep(), Mutex, RwLock, etc.) may prevent
  the server from making progress and should be avoided, replaced with an async variant, or
  performed in a worker thread. This is a consequence of Rust's cooperative async multitasking.
  For details, see the new multitasking section of the guide.
• ROCKET_ENV is now ROCKET_PROFILE. A warning is emitted a launch time if the former is set.
• The default profile for debug builds is now debug, not dev.
• The default profile for release builds is now release, not prod.
• ROCKET_LOG is now ROCKET_LOG_LEVEL. A warning is emitted a launch time if the former is set.
• ROCKET_ADDRESS accepts only IP addresses, no longer resolves hostnames like localhost.
• ROCKET_CLI_COLORS accepts booleans true, false in place of strings "on", "off".
• It is a launch-time error if secrets is enabled in non-debug profiles without a configured
  secret_key.
• A misconfigured template_dir is reported as an error at launch time.
• [FileServer::new()][FileServer::new()] fails immediately if the provided directory does not exist.
• Catcher collisions result in a launch failure as opposed to a warning.
• Default ranks now range from -12 to -1. There is no breaking change if only code generated
  routes are used. Manually configured routes with negative ranks may collide or be considered in
  a different order than before.
• The order of execution of path and query guards relative to each other is now unspecified.
• URIs beginning with : are properly recognized as invalid and rejected.
• URI normalization now normalizes the query part as well.
• The Segments iterator now returns percent-decoded &strs.
• Forms are now parsed leniently by the [Form guard][Form guard]. Use [Strict][Strict] for the previous behavior.
• The Option<T> form guard defaults to None instead of the default value for T.
• When data limits are exceeded, a 413 Payload Too Large status is returned to the client.
• The default catcher now returns JSON when the client indicates preference via the Accept
  header.
• Empty boolean form values parse as true: the query string ?f is the same as ?f=true.
• [Created<R>][Created] does not automatically send an ETag header if R: Hash. Use
  [Created::tagged_body][Created::tagged_body] instead.
• FileServer now forwards when a file is not found instead of failing with 404 Not Found.
• [Shield][Shield] is enabled by default. You may need to disable or change policies if your application
  depends on typically insecure browser features or if you wish to opt-in to different policies
  than the defaults.
• [CookieJar][CookieJar] get()s do not return cookies added during request handling. See
  [CookieJar#pending][CookieJar#pending].
• Hash impls for MediaType and ContentType no longer consider media type parameters.
• When requested, the FromForm implementations of Vec and Maps are now properly lenient.
• To agree with browsers, the [ and ] characters are now accepted in URI paths.
• The [ and ] characters are no longer encoded by [uri!][uri!].
• The Secure cookie flag is set by default for all cookies when serving over TLS.
• Removal cookies have SameSite set to Lax by default.
• [MediaType::JavaScript][MediaType::JavaScript] is now text/javascript.

Contrib Graduation

The rocket_contrib crate is deprecated and the functionality moved to other rocket crates. The
contrib deprecation upgrade guide provides a walkthrough on migrating. The relevant changes are:

• Several features previously in rocket_contrib were merged into rocket itself:
  • json, msgpack, and uuid are now [features of rocket][features of rocket].
  • Moved rocket_contrib::json to [rocket::serde::json][rocket::serde::json].
  • Moved rocket_contrib::msgpack to [rocket::serde::msgpack][rocket::serde::msgpack].
  • Moved rocket_contrib::uuid to [rocket::serde::uuid][rocket::serde::uuid].
  • Moved rocket_contrib::helmet to [rocket::shield][rocket::shield]. [Shield][Shield] is enabled by default.
  • Moved rocket_contrib::serve to [rocket::fs][rocket::fs], StaticFiles to [rocket::fs::FileServer][rocket::fs::FileServer].
  • Removed the now unnecessary Uuid and JsonValue wrapper types.
  • Removed headers in Shield that are no longer respected by browsers.
• The remaining features from rocket_contrib are now provided by separate crates:
  • Replaced rocket_contrib::templates with [rocket_dyn_templates][rocket_dyn_templates].
  • Replaced rocket_contrib::databases with [rocket_sync_db_pools][rocket_sync_db_pools] and [rocket_db_pools][rocket_db_pools].
  • These crates are versioned and released independently of rocket.
  • rocket_contrib::databases::DbError is now rocket_sync_db_pools::Error.
  • Removed redis, mongodb, and mysql integrations which have upstream async drivers.
  • The #[database]
    attribute generates an [async run()][async run()] method instead of Deref implementations.

General

The following breaking changes apply broadly and are likely to cause compile-time errors.

• [Rocket][Rocket] is now generic over a phase marker:
  • APIs operate on Rocket<Build>, Rocket<Ignite>, Rocket<Orbit>, or Rocket<P: Phase> as
    needed.
  • The phase marker statically enforces state transitions in Build, Ignite, Orbit order.
  • rocket::ignite() is now [rocket::build()][rocket::build()] and returns a Rocket<Build>.
  • [Rocket::ignite()][Rocket::ignite()] transitions to the Ignite phase. This is run automatically on launch as
    needed.
  • Ignition finalizes configuration, runs ignite fairings, and verifies sentinels.
  • [Rocket::launch()][Rocket::launch()] transitions into the Orbit phase and starts the server.
  • Methods like [Request::rocket()][Request::rocket()] that refer to a live Rocket instance return an
    &Rocket<Orbit>.
• Fairings have been reorganized and restructured for async:
  • Replaced attach fairings with ignite fairings. Unlike attach fairings, which ran
    immediately at the time of attachment, ignite fairings are run when transitioning into the
    Ignite phase.
  • Replaced launch fairings with liftoff fairings. liftoff fairings are always run, even in
    local clients, after the server begins listening and the concrete port is known.
• Introduced a new configuration system based on Figment:
  • The concept of "environments" is replaced with "profiles".
  • ROCKET_ENV is superseded by ROCKET_PROFILE.
  • ROCKET_LOG is superseded by ROCKET_LOG_LEVEL.
  • Profile names can now be arbitrarily chosen. The dev, stage, and prod profiles carry no
    special meaning.
  • The debug and release profiles are the default profiles for the debug and release
    compilation profiles.
  • A new specially recognized default profile specifies defaults for all profiles.
  • The global profile has highest precedence, followed by the selected profile, followed by
    default.
  • Added support for limits specified in SI units: "1 MiB".
  • Renamed LoggingLevel to [LogLevel][LogLevel].
  • Inlined error variants into the [Error][Error] structure.
  • Changed the type of workers to usize from u16.
  • Changed accepted values for keep_alive: it is disabled with 0, not false or off.
  • Disabled the secrets feature (for private cookies) by default.
  • Removed APIs related to "extras". Typed values can be extracted from the configured Figment.
  • Removed ConfigBuilder: all fields of [Config][Config] are public with constructors for each field
    type.
• Many functions, traits, and trait bounds have been modified for async:
  • [FromRequest][FromRequest], [Fairing][Fairing], [catcher::Handler][catcher::Handler], [route::Handler][route::Handler], and [FromData][FromData] use
    #[async_trait].
  • [NamedFile::open][NamedFile::open] is now an async function.
  • Added [Request::local_cache_async()][Request::local_cache_async()] for use in async request guards.
  • Unsized Response bodies must be [AsyncRead][AsyncRead] instead of Read.
  • Automatically sized Response bodies must be [AsyncSeek][AsyncSeek] instead of Seek.
  • The local module is split into two: [rocket::local::asynchronous][rocket::local::asynchronous] and
    [rocket::local::blocking][rocket::local::blocking].
• Functionality and features requiring Rust nightly were removed:
  • Removed the Try implementation on [Outcome][Outcome] which allowed using ? with Outcomes. The
    recommended replacement is the [rocket::outcome::try_outcome!][rocket::outcome::try_outcome!] macro or the various
    combinator functions on Outcome.
  • [Result<T, E> implements Responder][Result<T, E> implements Responder] only when both T and E implement Responder. The
    new [Debug][Debug] wrapping responder replaces Result<T: Responder, E: Debug>.
  • APIs which used the ! type to now use [std::convert::Infallible][std::convert::Infallible].
• [IntoOutcome][IntoOutcome] was overhauled to supplant methods now removed in Outcome.
  • IntoOutcome::into_outcome() is now or_error().
  • IntoOutcome is implemented for all Outcome type aliases.
  • Outcome::forward() requires specifying a status code.
  • Outcome::from() and Outcome::from_or_forward() were removed.
• [Rocket::register()][Rocket::register()] now takes a base path to scope catchers under as its first argument.
• ErrorKind::Collision has been renamed to [ErrorKind::Collisions][ErrorKind::Collisions].
• TLS config values are only available when the tls feature is enabled.
• [MediaType::with_params()][MediaType::with_params()] and [ContentType::with_params()][ContentType::with_params()] are now builder methods.
• Content-Type [content][content] responder type names are now prefixed with Raw.
• The content::Plain responder is now called content::RawText.
• The content::Custom<T> responder was removed in favor of [(ContentType, T)][(ContentType, T)].
• Removed CookieJar::get_private_pending() in favor of [CookieJar::get_pending()][CookieJar::get_pending()].
• The [local_cache!][local_cache!] macro accepts fewer types. Use [local_cache_once!][local_cache_once!] as appropriate.
• [Rocket::launch()][Rocket::launch()] allows Rocket recovery by returning the instance after shutdown.
• ErrorKind::Runtime was removed; [ErrorKind::Shutdown][ErrorKind::Shutdown] was added.
• Outcome::Failure was renamed to [Outcome::Error][Outcome::Error].

Routing and URIs

• In #[route(GET, path = "...")], path is now uri: #[route(GET, uri = "...")].
• Multi-segment paths (/<p..>) now match zero or more segments.
• Codegen improvements preclude identically named routes and modules in the same namespace.
• A route URI like (/<a>/<p..>) now collides with (/<a>), requires a rank to resolve.
• All catcher related types and traits moved to [rocket::catcher][rocket::catcher].
• All route related types and traits moved to [rocket::route][rocket::route].
• URI formatting types and traits moved to [rocket::http::uri::fmt][rocket::http::uri::fmt].
• T no longer converts to Option<T> or Result<T, _> for [uri!][uri!] query parameters.
• For optional query parameters, [uri!][uri!] requires using a wrapped value or _.
• &RawStr no longer implements FromParam: use &str instead.
• Percent-decoding is performed before calling FromParam implementations.
• RawStr::url_decode() and RawStr::url_decode_lossy() allocate as necessary, return Cow.
• RawStr::from_str() was replaced with RawStr::new().
• Origin::segments() was replaced with Origin.path().segments().
• Origin::path() and Origin::query() return &RawStr instead of &str.
• The type of Route::name is now Option<Cow<'static, str>>.
• Route::set_uri was replaced with [Route::map_base()][Route::map_base()].
• The Route::uri field is now of type [RouteUri][RouteUri].
• Route::base was removed in favor of Route.uri().base().
• [Route Forward outcomes][Route Forward outcomes] are now associated with a Status.
• The status codes used when built-in guards forward were changed:
  • Route parameter FromParam errors now forward as 422.
  • Query parameter errors now forward as 422.
  • Incorrect form content-type errors forwards as 413.
  • &Host, &Accept, &ContentType, IpAddr, and SocketAddr all forward
    with a 500.

Data and Forms

• Data now has a lifetime generic: Data<'r>.
• [Data::open()][Data::open()] indelibly requires a data limit.
• Removed FromDataSimple. Use [FromData][FromData] and [local_cache!][local_cache!] or [local_cache_once!][local_cache_once!].
• All [DataStream][DataStream] APIs require limits and return [Capped<T>][Capped] types.
• Form types and traits were moved from rocket::request to [rocket::form][rocket::form].
• Removed FromQuery. Dynamic query parameters (#[get("/?<param>")]) use [FromForm][FromForm] instead.
• Replaced FromFormValue with [FromFormField][FromFormField]. All T: FromFormField implement FromForm.
• Form field values are percent-decoded before calling [FromFormField][FromFormField] implementations.
• Renamed the #[form(field = ...)] attribute to #[field(name = ...)].
• Custom form errors must now specify an associated Status.

Request Guards

• Renamed Cookies to [CookieJar][CookieJar]. Its methods take &self.
• Renamed Flash.name to Flash.kind, Flash.msg to Flash.message.
• Replaced Request::get_param() with Request::param().
• Replaced Request::get_segments() to Request::segments().
• Replaced Request::get_query_value() with Request::query_value().
• Replaced Segments::into_path_buf() with Segments::to_path_buf().
• Replaced Segments and QuerySegments with [Segments<Path> and Segments<Query>][Segments and Segments].
• [Flash][Flash] constructors now take Into<String> instead of AsRef<str>.
• The State<'_, T> request guard is now &State<T>.
• Removed a lifetime from [FromRequest][FromRequest]: FromRequest<'r>.
• Removed a lifetime from [FlashMessage][FlashMessage]: FlashMessage<'_>.
• Removed all State reexports except [rocket::State][rocket::State].

Responders

• Moved NamedFile to rocket::fs::NamedFile
• Replaced Content with content::Custom.
• Response::body and Response::body_mut are now infallible methods.
• Renamed ResponseBuilder to Builder.
• Removed direct Response body reading methods. Use methods on r.body_mut() instead.
• Removed inaccurate "chunked body" types and variants.
• Removed Responder impl for Response. Prefer custom responders with #[derive(Responder)].
• Removed the unused reason phrase from Status.
• The types of responders in [response::status][response::status] were unified to all be of
  the form Status<R>(R).

General Improvements

In addition to new features and changes, Rocket saw the following improvements:

General

• Added support for raw identifiers in the FromForm derive, #[route] macros, and uri!.
• Added support for uncased derived form fields: #[field(name = uncased(...))].
• Added support for default form field values: #[field(default = expr())].
• Added support for multiple #[field] attributes on struct fields.
• Added support for base16-encoded (a.k.a. hex-encoded) secret keys.
• Added [Config::ident][Config::ident] for configuring or removing the global Server header.
• Added [Rocket::figment()][Rocket::figment()] and [Rocket::catchers()][Rocket::catchers()].
• Added [LocalRequest::json()][LocalRequest::json()] and [LocalResponse::json()][LocalResponse::json()].
• Added [LocalRequest::msgpack()][LocalRequest::msgpack()] and [LocalResponse::msgpack()][LocalResponse::msgpack()].
• Added support for use m::route; routes![route] instead of needing routes![m::route].
• Added support for hierarchical data limits: a limit of a/b/c falls back to a/b then a.
• Added [LocalRequest::inner_mut()][LocalRequest::inner_mut()]. LocalRequest implements DerefMut to Request.
• Added support for ECDSA and EdDSA TLS keys.
• Added associated constants in Config for all config parameter names.
• Added ErrorKind::Config to represent errors in configuration at runtime.
• Added rocket::fairing::Result type alias, returned by Fairing::on_ignite().
• All guard failures are logged at runtime.
• Rocket::mount() now accepts a base value of any type that implements TryInto<Origin<'_>>.
• The default error catcher's HTML has been compacted.
• The default error catcher returns JSON if requested by the client.
• Panics in routes or catchers are caught and forwarded to 500 error catcher.
• A detailed warning is emitted if a route or catcher panics.
• Emoji characters are no longer output on Windows.
• Fixed [Error][Error] to not panic if a panic is already in progress.
• Introduced [Reference][Reference] and [Asterisk][Asterisk] URI types.
• Added support to [UriDisplayQuery][UriDisplayQuery] for C-like enums.
• The [UriDisplayQuery][UriDisplayQuery] derive now recognizes the #[field] attribute for field renaming.
• Client method builders accept TryInto<Origin> allowing a uri!() to be used directly.
• [Rocket][Rocket] is now #[must_use].
• Support for HTTP/2 can be disabled by disabling the default http2 crate feature.
• Added [rocket::execute()][rocket::execute()] for executing Rocket's launch() future.
• Added the [context!][context!] macro to [rocket_dyn_templates][rocket_dyn_templates] for ad-hoc template contexts.
• The time crate is re-exported from the crate root.
• The FromForm, Responder, and UriDisplay derives now fully support generics.
• Added helper functions to serde submodules.
• The [Shield][Shield] HSTS preload header now includes includeSubdomains.
• Logging ignores write! errors if stdout disappears, preventing panics.
• Added [Client::terminate()][Client::terminate()] to run graceful shutdown in testing.
• Shutdown now terminates the async runtime, never the process.
• Added a [local_cache_once!][local_cache_once!] macro for request-local storage.
• Final launch messages are now always logged, irrespective of profile.
• Only functions that return Rocket<Build> are now #[must_use], not all Rocket<P>.
• Fixed mismatched form field names in errors under certain conditions in [FromForm][FromForm] derive.
• The [FromForm][FromForm] derive now collects all errors that occur.
• Data pools are now gracefully shutdown in [rocket_sync_db_pools][rocket_sync_db_pools].
• Added [Metadata::render()][Metadata::render()] in [rocket_dyn_templates][rocket_dyn_templates] for direct template rendering.
• Rocket salvages more information from malformed requests for error catchers.
• The cookie secure feature is now properly conditionally enabled.
• Data before encapsulation boundaries in TLS keys is allowed and ignored.
• Support for TLS keys in SEC1 format was added.
• Rocket now warns when a known secret key is configured.
• A panic that could occur on shutdown in rocket_sync_db_pools was fixed.
• Added a [max_blocking][max_blocking] configuration parameter to control number of blocking threads.
• Added an [ip_header][ip_header] "real IP" header configuration parameter.
• A [pool()][pool()] method is emitted by [rocket_sync_db_pools][rocket_sync_db_pools] for code-generated pools.
• Data guards are now eligible sentinels.
• Raw binary form field data can be retrieved using the &[u8] form guard.
• Added [TempFile::open()][TempFile::open()] to stream TempFile data.
• mTLS certificates can be set on local requests with [LocalRequest::identity()][LocalRequest::identity()].
• Added [Error::pretty_print()][Error::pretty_print()] for pretty-printing errors like Rocket.
• Warnings are logged when data limits are reached.
• A warning is emitted when String is used as a route parameter.
• Configuration provenance information is logged under the debug log level.
• Logging of Outcomes now includes the relevant status code.
• Span::mixed_site() is used in codegen to reduce errant clippy warnings.

HTTP

• Added support for HTTP/2, enabled by default via the http2 crate feature.
• Added a const constructor for MediaType.
• Introduced [RawStrBuf][RawStrBuf], an owned RawStr.
• Added many new "pattern" methods to [RawStr][RawStr].
• Added [RawStr::percent_encode()][RawStr::percent_encode()] and [RawStr::strip()][RawStr::strip()].
• Added support for unencoded query characters in URIs that are frequently sent by browsers.
• Introduced [Host][Host] and [&Host][&Host] request guards.
• Added [RawStr::percent_encode_bytes()][RawStr::percent_encode_bytes()].
• NODELAY is now enabled on all connections by default.
• The TLS implementation handles handshakes off the main task, improving DoS resistance.

Known Media Types

• Added AVIF: image/avif.
• Added EventStream: text/event-stream.
• Added Markdown: text/markdown.
• Added MP3: audio/mpeg.
• Added CBZ: application/vnd.comicbook+zip, extension .cbz.
• Added CBR: application/vnd.comicbook-rar, extension .cbr.
• Added RAR: application/vnd.rar, extension .rar.
• Added EPUB: application/epub+zip, extension .epub.
• Added OPF: application/oebps-package+xml, extension .opf.
• Added XHTML: application/xhtml+xml, extension .xhtml.
• Added Text as an alias for the Plain media type.
• Added Bytes as an alias for the Binary media type.
• Added .mjs as known JavaScript extension.
• Added '.exe', '.iso', '.dmg' as known extensions.

Request

• Added support for all UTF-8 characters in route paths.
• Added support for percent-encoded : in socket or IP address values in [FromFormValue].
• Added [Request::rocket()][Request::rocket()] to access the active Rocket instance.
• Request::uri() now returns an &Origin<'r> instead of &Origin<'_>.
• Request::accept(), Request::content_type() reflect changes to Accept, Content-Type.
• Json<T>, MsgPack<T> accept T: Deserialize, not only T: DeserializeOwned.
• Diesel SQLite connections in rocket_sync_db_pools use better defaults.
• The default number of workers for synchronous database pools is now workers * 4.
• Added [Request::host()][Request::host()] to retrieve the client-requested host.

Response

• Added [Template::try_custom()][Template::try_custom()] for fallible template engine customization.
• Manually registered templates can now be rendered with Template::render().
• Added support for the X-DNS-Prefetch-Control header to Shield.
• Added support for manually-set expires values for private cookies.
• Added support for type generics and custom generic bounds to
  #[derive(Responder)].
• The Server header is only set if one isn't already set.
• Accurate Content-Length headers are sent even for partially read Bodys.
• [Redirect][Redirect] now accepts a TryFrom<Reference>, allowing fragment parts.

Trait Implementations

• Implemented Clone for State.
• Implemented Copy and Clone for fairing::Info.
• Implemented Debug for Rocket and Client.
• Implemented Default for Status (returns Status::Ok).
• Implemented PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, and Ord for Status.
• Implemented Eq, Hash, and PartialEq<&str> for Origin.
• Implemented PartialEq<Cow<'_, RawStr>>> for RawStr.
• Implemented std::error::Error for Error.
• Implemented Deref and DerefMut for LocalRequest (to Request).
• Implemented DerefMut for Form, LenientForm.
• Implemented From<T> for Json<T>, MsgPack<T>.
• Implemented TryFrom<String> and TryFrom<&str> for Origin.
• Implemented TryFrom<Uri> for each of the specific URI variants.
• Implemented FromRequest for &Config.
• Implemented FromRequest for IpAddr.
• Implemented FromParam for PathBuf
• Implemented FromParam, FromData, and FromForm for &str.
• Implemented FromForm for Json<T>, MsgPack<T>.
• Implemented FromFormField for Cow and Capped<Cow>>
• Implemented Responder for tokio::fs::File.
• Implemented Responder for (ContentType, R) where R: Responder.
• Implemented Responder for (Status, R) where R: Responder which overrides R's status.
• Implemented Responder for std::io::Error (behaves as Debug<std::io::Error>).
• Implemented Responder for Either<T, E>, equivalently to Result<T, E>.
• Implemented Serialize for Flash.
• Implemented Serialize, Deserialize, UriDisplay and FromUriParam for uuid::Uuid
• Implemented Serialize, Deserialize for RawStr.
• Implemented Serialize, Deserialize for all URI types.
• Implemented Responder for Arc<T>, Box<T> where T: Responder.
• Implemented Serialize and Deserialize for [Method][Method].
• Implemented Eq for [MediaType][MediaType] and [ContentType][ContentType].
• Implemented Responder for Box<T: Responder + Sized>.
• Implemented FromForm for Arc<T>.
• Implemented Fairing for Arc<dyn Fairing>.
• Implemented Serialize and Deserialize for Status.

Dependency Changes

• serde was introduced (1.0).
• futures was introduced (0.3).
• binascii was introduced (0.1).
• ref-cast was introduced (1.0).
• atomic was introduced (0.5).
• parking_lot was introduced (0.11).
• ubtye was introduced (0.10).
• figment was introduced (0.10).
• rand was introduced (0.8).
• either was introduced (1.0).
• pin-project-lite was introduced (0.2).
• indexmap was introduced (2.0).
• tempfile was introduced (3.0).
• async-trait was introduced (0.1).
• async-stream was introduced (0.3).
• multer was introduced (2.0).
• tokio was introduced (1.6.1).
• tokio-util was introduced (0.6).
• tokio-stream was introduced (0.1.6).
• bytes was introduced (1.0).
• normpath was introduced (1).
• state was updated to 0.6.
• rmp-serde was updated to 0.15.
• uuid was updated to 0.8.
• tera was updated to 1.10.
• postgres was updated to 0.19.
• rusqlite was updated to 0.25.
• r2d2_sqlite was updated to 0.18.
• time was updated to 0.3.
• handlebars was updated to 4.0.
• memcache was updated to 0.16.
• rustls was updated to 0.21.
• tokio-rustls was updated to 0.24.
• syn was updated to 2.
• diesel was updated to 2.0.
• sqlx was updated to 0.7.
• notify was updated to 6.
• criterion was updated to 0.4.
• cookie was updated to 0.18.
• yansi was updated to 1.0.
• atty was removed.

Infrastructure

The following changes were made to the project's infrastructure:

• Rocket now uses the 2021 edition of Rust.
• Added a v0.4 to v0.5 migration guide and FAQ to Rocket's website.
• Added visible use statements to examples in the guide.
• Split examples into a separate workspace for easier testing.
• Updated documentation for all changes.
• Fixed many typos, errors, and broken links throughout documentation and examples.
• Improved the general robustness of macros, and the quality and frequency of error messages.
• Benchmarks now use criterion and datasets extracted from real-world projects.
• Fixed the SPDX license expressions in Cargo.toml files.
• Added support to test.sh for a + flag (e.g. +stable) to pass to cargo.
• Added support to test.sh for extra flags to be passed on to cargo.
• UI tests are now allowed to fail by the CI to avoid false negatives.
• The GitHub CI workflow was updated to use maintained actions.
• The CI now frees disk space before proceeding to avoid out-of-disk errors.
• All workspaces now use resolver = 2.

---

Configuration

📅 Schedule: Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined), Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined).

🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied.

♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox.

🔕 Ignore: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again.

---

• If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box

---

This PR was generated by Mend Renovate. View the repository job log.