collection_json.py

"""Classes for representing a Collection+JSON document."""
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
import json


__version__ = '0.1.1'


class ArrayProperty(object):

    """A descriptor that converts from any enumerable to a typed Array."""

    def __init__(self, cls, name):
        """Constructs typed array property

        :param cls type: the type of objects expected in the array
        :param name str: name of the property
        """
        self.cls = cls
        self.name = name

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        target = instance
        if target is None:
            target = owner
        if self.name in target.__dict__:
            return target.__dict__[self.name]
        raise AttributeError

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if value is None:
            value = []
        instance.__dict__[self.name] = Array(self.cls, self.name, value)


class DictProperty(object):

    """A descriptor that converts to a dictionary containing Arrays or objects of a given type"""

    def __init__(self, cls, name):
        """Constructs the dictionary

        :param cls type: the expected type of the objects
        """
        self.cls = cls
        self.name = name

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        target = instance
        if target is None:
            target = owner
        if self.name in target.__dict__:
            return target.__dict__[self.name]
        raise AttributeError

    def __set__(self, instance, vals):
        instance.__dict__[self.name] = {}
        if vals is not None:
            for name, value in vals.items():
                if value is None or isinstance(value, self.cls):
                    instance.__dict__[self.name][name] = value
                elif isinstance(value, dict):
                    instance.__dict__[self.name][name] = self.cls(**value)
                elif isinstance(value, list):
                    self.cls = self.cls
                    instance.__dict__[self.name][name] = Array(self.cls, None, value)
                else:
                    raise TypeError("Invalid value '%s', "
                                    "expected dict, list or '%s'" % (value,
                                                               self.cls.__name__))


class TypedProperty(object):

    """A descriptor for assigning only a specific type of instance.

    Additionally supports assigning a dictionary convertable to the type.

    """

    def __init__(self, cls, name):
        """Constructs the typed property

        :param cls type: the type of object expected
        """
        self.cls = cls
        self.name = name

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        target = instance
        if target is None:
            target = owner
        if self.name in target.__dict__:
            return target.__dict__[self.name]
        raise AttributeError

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if value is None or isinstance(value, self.cls):
            instance.__dict__[self.name] = value
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.cls(**value)
        else:
            raise TypeError("Invalid value '%s', "
                            "expected dict or '%s'" % (value,
                                                       self.cls.__name__))


class ComparableObject(object):

    """Abstract base class for objects implementing equality comparison.

    This class provides default __eq__ and __ne__ implementations.

    """

    def __eq__(self, other):
        """Return True if both instances are equivalent."""
        return (type(self) == type(other) and
                self.__dict__ == other.__dict__)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        """Return True if both instances are not equivalent."""
        return (type(self) != type(other) or
                self.__dict__ != other.__dict__)


class Data(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON data object."""

    def __init__(self, name, value=None, prompt=None, array=None, object=None):
        self.name = name
        self.value = value
        self.array = array
        self.object = object
        self.prompt = prompt
        property_count = 0
        if value is not None: property_count = property_count+1
        if array is not None: property_count = property_count+1
        if object is not None: property_count = property_count+1
        if property_count > 1:
            raise ValueError('Data can only have one of the three properties.')

    def __repr__(self):
        data = "name='%s'" % self.name
        if self.prompt is not None:
            data += " prompt='%s'" % self.prompt
        return "<Data: %s>" % data

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing a Data object."""
        output = {
            'name': self.name
        }
        if self.value is not None:
            output['value'] = self.value
        elif self.array is not None:
            output['array'] = self.array
        elif self.object is not None:
            output['object'] = self.object
        if self.prompt is not None:
            output['prompt'] = self.prompt
        return output


class Link(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON link object."""

    def __init__(self, href, rel, name=None, render=None, prompt=None,
                 length=None, inline=None):
        self.href = href
        self.rel = rel
        self.name = name
        self.render = render
        self.prompt = prompt
        self.length = length
        self.inline = inline

    def __repr__(self):
        data = "rel='%s'" % self.rel
        if self.name:
            data += " name='%s'" % self.name
        if self.render:
            data += " render='%s'" % self.render
        if self.prompt:
            data += " prompt='%s'" % self.prompt
        if self.length:
            data += " length='%s'" % self.length
        if self.inline:
            data += " inline='%s'" % self.inline
        return "<Link: %s>" % data

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing a Link object."""
        output = {
            'href': self.href,
            'rel': self.rel,
        }
        if self.name is not None:
            output['name'] = self.name
        if self.render is not None:
            output['render'] = self.render
        if self.prompt is not None:
            output['prompt'] = self.prompt
        if self.length is not None:
            output['length'] = self.length
        if self.inline is not None:
            output['inline'] = self.inline
        return output


class Error(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON error object."""

    def __init__(self, code=None, message=None, title=None):
        self.code = code
        self.message = message
        self.title = title

    def __repr__(self):
        data = ''
        if self.code is not None:
            data += " code='%s'" % self.code
        if self.message is not None:
            data += " message='%s'" % self.message
        if self.title is not None:
            data += " title='%s'" % self.title
        return "<Error%s>" % data

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing the Error instance."""
        output = {}
        if self.code:
            output['code'] = self.code
        if self.message:
            output['message'] = self.message
        if self.title:
            output['title'] = self.title
        return output


class Template(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON template object."""

    data = ArrayProperty(Data, "data")

    @staticmethod
    def from_json(data):
        """Return a template instance.

        Convenience method for parsing 'write' responses,
        which should only contain a template object.

        This method parses a json string into a Template object.

        Raises `ValueError` when no valid document is provided.

        """
        try:
            data = json.loads(data)
            kwargs = data.get('template')
            if not kwargs:
                raise ValueError
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError('Not valid Collection+JSON template data.')

        template = Template(**kwargs)
        return template

    def __init__(self, data=None):
        self.data = data

    def __repr__(self):
        data = [str(item.name) for item in self.data]
        return "<Template: data=%s>" % data

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return getattr(self.data, name)

    @property
    def properties(self):
        """Return a list of names that can be looked up on the template."""
        return [item.name for item in self.data]

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing a Template object."""
        return {
            'template': self.data.to_dict()
        }


class Array(ComparableObject, list):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON array."""

    def __init__(self, item_class, collection_name, items):
        self.item_class = item_class
        self.collection_name = collection_name
        super(Array, self).__init__(self._build_items(items))

    def _build_items(self, items):
        result = []
        for item in items:
            if isinstance(item, self.item_class):
                result.append(item)
            elif isinstance(item, dict):
                result.append(self.item_class(**item))
            else:
                raise ValueError("Invalid value for %s: %r" % (
                    self.item_class.__name__, item))
        return result

    def __eq__(self, other):
        """Return True if both instances are equivalent."""
        return (super(Array, self).__eq__(other) and
                list.__eq__(self, other))

    def __ne__(self, other):
        """Return True if both instances are not equivalent."""
        return (super(Array, self).__ne__(other) or
                list.__ne__(self, other))

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        results = self.find(name=name)

        if not results:
            raise AttributeError
        elif len(results) == 1:
            results = results[0]
        return results

    def _matches(self, name=None, rel=None):
        for item in self:
            item_name = getattr(item, 'name', None)
            item_rel = getattr(item, 'rel', None)

            if name is not None and item_name == name and rel is None:
                # only searching by name
                yield item
            elif rel is not None and item_rel == rel and name is None:
                # only searching by rel
                yield item
            elif item_name == name and item_rel == rel:
                # searching by name and rel
                yield item

    def find(self, name=None, rel=None):
        """Return a list of items in the array matching name and/or rel.

        If both name and rel parameters are provided, returned items must match
        both properties.

        """
        return list(self._matches(name=name, rel=rel))

    def get(self, name=None, rel=None):
        """Return the first item in the array matching name and/or rel.

        If both name and rel parameters are provided, the returned item must
        match both properties.

        If no item is found, raises ValueError.

        """
        try:
            return next(self._matches(name=name, rel=rel))
        except StopIteration:
            raise ValueError('No matching item found.')

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing an Array object."""

        if self.item_class is Collection:
            data = {
                item.href: item.to_dict() for item in self
            }
        else:
            data = [
                item.to_dict() for item in self
            ]
        if self.collection_name is not None:
            return {
                self.collection_name: data
            }
        return data


class Item(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON item object."""

    data = ArrayProperty(Data, "data")
    links = ArrayProperty(Link, "links")

    def __init__(self, href=None, data=None, links=None):
        self.href = href
        self.data = data
        self.links = links

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Item: href='%s'>" % self.href

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return getattr(self.data, name)

    @property
    def properties(self):
        """Return a list of names that can be looked up on the item."""
        return [item.name for item in self.data]

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing an Item object."""
        output = {}
        if self.href:
            output['href'] = self.href
        if self.data:
            output.update(self.data.to_dict())
        if self.links:
            output.update(self.links.to_dict())
        return output


class Query(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON query object."""

    data = ArrayProperty(Data, "data")

    def __init__(self, href, rel, name=None, prompt=None, data=None):
        self.href = href
        self.rel = rel
        self.name = name
        self.prompt = prompt
        self.data = data

    def __repr__(self):
        data = "rel='%s'" % self.rel
        if self.name:
            data += " name='%s'" % self.name
        if self.prompt:
            data += " prompt='%s'" % self.prompt
        return "<Query: %s>" % data

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing a Query object."""
        output = {
            'href': self.href,
            'rel': self.rel,
        }
        if self.name is not None:
            output['name'] = self.name
        if self.prompt is not None:
            output['prompt'] = self.prompt
        if len(self.data):
            output.update(self.data.to_dict())
        return output


class Collection(ComparableObject):

    """Object representing a Collection+JSON document."""

    @staticmethod
    def from_json(data):
        """Return a Collection instance.

        This method parses a json string into a Collection object.

        Raises `ValueError` when no valid document is provided.

        """
        try:
            data = json.loads(data)
            kwargs = data.get('collection')
            if not kwargs:
                raise ValueError
            if 'inline' in kwargs and kwargs['inline']:
                kwargs['inline'] = [Collection(**data.get('collection'))
                                    for data in kwargs['inline'].values()]
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError('Not a valid Collection+JSON document.')

        collection = Collection(**kwargs)
        return collection

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        cls.error = TypedProperty(Error, 'error')
        cls.errors = DictProperty(Error, 'errors')
        cls.template = TypedProperty(Template, 'template')
        cls.items = ArrayProperty(Item, 'items')
        cls.links = ArrayProperty(Link, 'links')
        cls.inline = ArrayProperty(Collection, 'inline')
        cls.queries = ArrayProperty(Query, 'queries')
        return super(Collection, cls).__new__(cls)

    def __init__(self, href, links=None, items=None, inline=None, queries=None,
                 template=None, error=None, errors=None, version='1.0'):
        self.version = version
        self.href = href

        self.error = error
        self.errors = errors
        self.template = template
        self.items = items
        self.links = links
        self.inline = inline
        self.queries = queries

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Collection: version='%s' href='%s'>" % (
            self.version, self.href)

    def __str__(self):
        return json.dumps(self.to_dict())

    def to_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary representing a Collection object."""
        output = {
            'collection': {
                'version': self.version,
                'href': self.href,
            }
        }
        if self.links:
            output['collection'].update(self.links.to_dict())
        if self.items:
            output['collection'].update(self.items.to_dict())
        if self.inline:
            output['collection'].update(self.inline.to_dict())
        if self.queries:
            output['collection'].update(self.queries.to_dict())
        if self.template:
            output['collection'].update(self.template.to_dict())
        if self.error:
            output['collection'].update(self.error.to_dict())
        if self.errors:
            output['collection']['errors'] = {name : value.to_dict() for name, value in self.errors.items()}
        return output