Make @ark/schema more resilient to duplicate installations or initializations

[ssalbdivad]

We've generally converted most symbols to string literals and instanceof BaseRoot to hasArkKind, but there are still many instanceof checks we rely on, namely ArkErrors and Disjoint, that would break across installations, even of the same version.

We should expand hasArkKind to handle these objects and convert as many remaining instanceOf checks to that as possible.