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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>ARIES :: Coastal flood regulation</title>
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<ul class="tabsmenuclass">
<li><a href="main.html" rel="gotsubmenu">About</a></li>
<li><a href="modules.html" rel="gotsubmenu">Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="science.html" rel="gotsubmenu">Case studies</a></li>
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<a class="style1" <button type="button" onclick='window.location="coastspecs.html">Detailed module information</button> </a> </h1>
<h1><span>Coastal
flood regulation</span>
<a href="" class="style3"></a> </h1>
<div class="yui-u first">
<!-- YOUR DATA GOES HERE -->
<div style="padding-right:12px">
<h2 style="margin-top:32px">At a glance</h2>
<hr/>
<!-- benefits panel -->
<h5 class="style10">Tropical storm and tsunami protection by coastal ecosystems</h5>
<p class="MsoNormal">Spatial data and process models of tropical storm
probability can help quantify storm surges in ARIES. ARIES then provides
quantitative maps of the specific areas in the ecosystems where wave and
wind mitigation occurs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wave mitigation can be provided through engineered
shoreline protection or natural ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems providing
wave mitigation include mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs. In our
models we assume that coastal regions with greater density, health, and
area of these ecosystem types would receive greater wave protection than
artificial coastal flood protection, and that the combined effects of
seagrass, coral, and mangrove ecosystems on coastal protection are nonlinear.
Tide levels and the slope of the ocean floor are also important determinants
of wave run-up or mitigation.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<h5 class="style10">Beneficiaries of coastal flood
protection</h5>
<p class="MsoNormal">As with other modules, ARIES accounts for spatial flows
when mapping provision of costal flood protection, in order to distinguish
between theoretical and actual service provision. Theoretical wave sources,
sinks (areas where ecosystems dissipate wind and wave energy), and beneficiaries
are first mapped. These maps show the location of wind and wave origins, areas
capable of wave mitigation, and potentially vulnerable populations. Applying
flow algorithms to these initial theoretical states of wave sources, mitigation,
and vulnerable lives or property produces a clear quantification of the
<b>amount of service benefit</b> produced by different areas and actual
recipients of <b>different levels</b> <b>of the service</b>.<span>
</span>By excluding sinks (areas of active wave mitigation), ARIES can also quantify
possible damages in the absence of natural or artificial mitigation structures.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px" class="style16">
<div align="center">
<a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org">
<img src="img/UNEP.jpg" width="159" height="80" border="0" alt="UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre"/></a></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<h5 style="color:#69F"> </h5>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yui-u">
<!-- YOUR DATA GOES HERE -->
<h1 style="margin-top:32px;text-align:justify;margin-bottom:24px">
High-profile tropical storm and tsunami events including the Indian Ocean
tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 spurred great interest in
understanding the role of coastal ecosystems in mitigating storm surge damage.
In recent decades, population growth and coastal migration have placed more
people and property at risk of coastal flooding, and have also damaged or caused
outright loss of coastal ecosystems capable of mitigating flood damage. In addition,
climate change threatens to lead to sea level rise and an increased number and size
of tropical storms, which would further increase coastal flood risk. These intersecting
drivers mean that valuing and managing coastal ecosystem services is important today
and will become even more so in the future. </h1>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="6px" style="height: 328px">
<tr>
<td colspan="3">
<h4 style="color:#69F; height: 22px;">In the field</h4>
<h5 class="style4">Madagascar</h5>
<p class="style8" style="width: 445px">
<img src="img/lemur_160.gif" align="left" class="style7" height="111" width="160" style="float: left"/><br>
Eastern Madagascar is highly susceptible to tropical storms
coming off the southern Indian Ocean.<span> </span>The
island’s coastal ecosystems include dunes, coral reefs, seagrass,
and mangroves, all of which play a role in dissipating wind and
wave energy generated by coastal storms. Given Madagascar’s high
deforestation rates and the links between sedimentation and coastal
ecosystem health, modeling spatial flows of these processes is
important for understanding how to maintain the services provided
by coastal and marine ecosystems.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="style8">
<div class="style8">
<br/> </div>
</td>
<td width="50%" class="style9">
<p class="style8"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
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<div id="ft" role="contentinfo"><p></p><p align="center">Copyright (C) 2011
The ARIES Consortium. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
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