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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>ARIES :: Carbon sequestration and storage</title>
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<a class="style1" <button type="button" onclick='window.location="carbonspecs.html">Detailed module information</button> </a> </h1>
<h1>Carbon sequestration and storage
<a class="style3" href="carbonspecs.html"></a> </h1>
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<div style="padding-right:12px">
<h2 style="margin-top:32px">At a glance</h2>
<hr>
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<h5 style="color:#69F">Carbon sequestration and storage</h5>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"><b>Carbon sequestration
and storage by terrestrial ecosystems</b> is the net
removal of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from the
atmosphere, with carbon being stored in vegetation or
soils. CO<sub>2</sub> uptake occurs through
photosynthesis in all green plants. Terrestrial carbon
sequestration levels depend on factors including
climate, vegetation type, soils, and current and past
land use practices.</p>
<h5 style="color:#69F"> </h5>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"><b>Stored carbon
release</b> can occur when fire, land use change,
deforestation, or other vegetation and soil
disturbances release the carbon stored in vegetation
and soils back to the atmosphere. The quantity of
carbon released depends on the amount of carbon
currently stored in vegetation and soils and the type
and extent of the disturbance.</p>
<h5 style="color:#69F"> </h5>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"><b>Anthropogenic
(human-caused) carbon emissions</b> result from
burning fossil fuel, and release CO<sub>2</sub> to the
atmosphere. Since greenhouse gas emitters benefit
from the waste absorption capacity of the biosphere,
carbon sequestration and storage can be divided among
emitters. Existing and proposed systems to cap and
assign property rights to atmospheric greenhouse gas
emissions use this framework. In other words:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"> Carbon sequestration ¡V
stored carbon release = carbon available to offset
emissions </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"> By mapping levels of
carbon sequestration, stored carbon release, and
anthropogenic emissions in a common unit (tonnes
C/yr), we can fully describe regional carbon balances
- the level of a region's net release or uptake of
atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. This will become
increasingly important as local, state, and national
governments continue to inventory greenhouse gas
emissions and implement strategies to address climate
change.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:24px"> </p>
</div>
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<h1 style="margin-top:32px;text-align:justify;margin-bottom:24px">
Forests, grasslands, and other ecosystems store and
remove CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere and serve as
natural sinks for emissions that would otherwise
contribute to global warming. ARIES helps quantify and
map: 1) carbon sequestration, the removal of
CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere, 2) the potential
release of stored carbon in vegetation and soils through
deforestation or fire, 3) other CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
from human activities. By mapping these processes, we
can provide coarse-scale estimates of regional carbon
balance while enabling analysis of tradeoffs between
carbon sequestration and storage and other ecosystem
services.</h1>
<h4 style="color:#69F; height: 22px;">In the field</h4>
<div style="height:150px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000; border-width:0">
<h5 class="style4">Madagascar</h5>
<img src="img/lemur_160.gif" align="left" height="111" width="160" style="margin-right:10px">
<p class="style8">
ARIES is being used to help understand spatial
patterns of carbon sequestration and storage in
vegetation and soils. Accurate assessments of
ecosystem carbon balance are a critical component
for landowners interested in participation in
emerging global carbon markets. In developing
world contexts like Madagascar, carbon markets can
potentially help finance conservation activities,
if carefully planned.</p>
</div>
<div style="height:150px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000; border-width:0">
<h5 class="style4">Western Washington State</h5>
<img src="img/SnoquamieForest.jpg" align="left" height="111" width="160" style="margin-right:10px">
<p class="style8">
ARIES is being used to help planners understand
tradeoffs between carbon sequestration and storage
and other ecosystem services, such as timber
harvests, flood control, and water supply in the
Pacific Northwest forests. Careful consideration
of these tradeoffs will be important as climate
change policies continue to evolve.</p>
</div>
<div style="height:150px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000; border-width:0">
<h5 class="style4">San Pedro River, Arizona and Sonora</h5>
<img src="img/6cgsan-pedro-leaves26a.jpg" align="left" class="roundedImage" height="111" width="160" style="margin-right:10px">
<p class="style8">
Carbon sequestration and storage estimates are
increasingly demanded by public and private land
managers in the southwest and beyond. ARIES'
application to Southeast Arizona provided
estimates of carbon sequestration and storage on
public and private lands in this semiarid
region. Photo credit: R.Weller/Cochise College.<br><br></p>
</div>
<div style="height:150px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000; border-width:0">
<h5 class="style4">West Coyote Hills, California</h5>
<img src="img/CoyoteHillsCarbonUptake.jpg" align="left" class="roundedImage" height="111" width="160" style="margin-right:10px">
<p class="style8">
Carbon sequestration and storage were mapped for a
key parcel of undeveloped land in southern
California. Given the state's leadership in
carbon accounting, such assessments will become
increasingly important in managing conservation
and development tradeoffs.</p>
</div>
<div style="height:150px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000; border-width:0">
<h5 class="style4">Vermont</h5>
<img src="img/vt_forest.jpg" align="left" class="roundedImage" height="111" width="160" style="margin-right:10px">
<p class="style8">
Vermont's low population density and high forest
cover make the state a net sink for carbon
emissions. There is great interest among the
state's agricultural and forestry communities in
developing sustainable forestry and agricultural
practices that increase carbon sequestration and
storage and other ecosystem services. Tools like
ARIES can help map and quantify such ecosystem
services tradeoffs.</p>
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<div id="ft" role="contentinfo"><p></p><p align="center">Copyright (C) 2011 The ARIES Consortium. All rights reserved.</p></div>
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