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<span id="timedeltas-timedeltas"></span><span id="timedeltas"></span><h1><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-59">Time Deltas</span></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>原文：<a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timedeltas.html">http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timedeltas.html</a></p>
<p>译者：<a href="https://github.com/wizardforcel">飞龙</a> <a href="http://usyiyi.cn/">UsyiyiCN</a></p>
<p>校对：（虚位以待）</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-60">注意</span></p>
<p class="last"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-61">从v0.15.0开始，我们引入了一个新的标量类型<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>，它是<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.timedelta</span></code>的子类，并且行为类似，但允许与<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">np.timedelta64</span></code>类型以及主机的自定义表示，解析和属性。</span></p>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-62">Timedeltas是时间差，以差单位表示，例如。天，小时，分钟，秒。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-63">他们可以是积极的和消极的。</span></p>
<div class="section" id="parsing">
<h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-64">Parsing</span></h2>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-65">您可以通过各种参数构造<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>标量：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># strings</span>
<span class="gp">In [1]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[1]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [2]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[2]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [3]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 2 hours'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[3]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 02:00:00'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [4]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days 2 min 3us'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[4]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-2 days +23:57:59.999997'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># like datetime.timedelta</span>
<span class="c"># note: these MUST be specified as keyword arguments</span>
<span class="gp">In [5]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[5]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:01'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># integers with a unit</span>
<span class="gp">In [6]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[6]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># from a timedelta/np.timedelta64</span>
<span class="gp">In [7]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gr">Out[7]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:01'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [8]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'ms'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gr">Out[8]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'0 days 00:00:00.001000'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># negative Timedeltas have this string repr</span>
<span class="c"># to be more consistent with datetime.timedelta conventions</span>
<span class="gp">In [9]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1us'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[9]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +23:59:59.999999'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># a NaT</span>
<span class="gp">In [10]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'nan'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[10]: </span><span class="n">NaT</span>
<span class="gp">In [11]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'nat'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[11]: </span><span class="n">NaT</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-66"><a class="reference internal" href="timeseries.html#timeseries-offsets"><span class="std std-ref">DateOffsets</span></a>（<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">日，</span> <span class="pre">小时，</span> <span class="pre">分钟，</span> <span class="pre">第二，</span> <span class="pre"> Milli，</span> <span class="pre">Micro，</span> <span class="pre">Nano</span></code>）也可用于建筑。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [12]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Second</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gr">Out[12]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'0 days 00:00:02'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-67">此外，标量中的操作产生另一个标量<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [13]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Day</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Second</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'00:00:00.000123'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[13]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2 days 00:00:02.000123'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="to-timedelta">
<h3><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-68">to_timedelta</span></h3>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-69">警告</span></p>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-70">在0.15.0 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pd.to_timedelta</span></code>之前，将为标量输入返回<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Series</span></code>，对于标量输入返回<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">np.timedelta64</span></code>。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-71">现在，对于类列输入，将返回<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>，对于系列输入，返回<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Series</span></code>，对于标量输入，返回<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>。</span></p>
<p class="last"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-72"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pd.to_timedelta</span></code>的参数现在为<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">（arg，</span> <span class="pre">unit ='ns'，</span> <span class="pre">box = True） t5></span></code>，之前是<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">（arg，</span> <span class="pre">box = True，</span> <span class="pre">unit ='ns'）</span>因为这些更合乎逻辑。</code></span></p>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-73">使用顶层<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pd.to_timedelta</span></code>，您可以将标量，数组，列表或系列从已识别的timedelta格式/值转换为<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>类型。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-74">如果输入是一个系列，它将构造系列，如果输入是类标量，则构造系列，否则输出<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>。</span></p>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-75">您可以将单个字符串解析为Timedelta：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [14]: </span><span class="n">to_timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 06:05:01.00003'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[14]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 06:05:01.000030'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [15]: </span><span class="n">to_timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'15.5us'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[15]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'0 days 00:00:00.000015'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-76">或字符串的列表/数组：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [16]: </span><span class="n">to_timedelta</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'1 days 06:05:01.00003'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'15.5us'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'nan'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gr">Out[16]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'1 days 06:05:01.000030'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'0 days 00:00:00.000015'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-77"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unit</span></code>关键字参数指定Timedelta的单位：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [17]: </span><span class="n">to_timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'s'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[17]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'00:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'00:00:01'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'00:00:02'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'00:00:03'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'00:00:04'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [18]: </span><span class="n">to_timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[18]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'0 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'2 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'3 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'4 days'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="timedelta-limitations">
<span id="timedeltas-limitations"></span><h3><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-78">Timedelta limitations</span></h3>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-79">Pandas表示使用64位整数的纳秒分辨率的<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedeltas</span></code>。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-80">因此，64位整数限制确定<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>限制。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [19]: </span><span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span>
<span class="gr">Out[19]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-106752 days +00:12:43.145224'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [20]: </span><span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span>
<span class="gr">Out[20]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'106751 days 23:47:16.854775'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="operations">
<span id="timedeltas-operations"></span><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-81">Operations</span></h2>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-82">您可以操作系列/数据帧，并通过在<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime64[ns]</span></code>系列或<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timestamps</span></code>上的减法运算构造<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta64[ns]</span></code></span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [21]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2012-1-1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">In [22]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">([</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">In [23]: </span><span class="n">df</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DataFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">td</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">In [24]: </span><span class="n">df</span>
<span class="gr">Out[24]: </span>
<span class="go"> A B</span>
<span class="go">0 2012-01-01 0 days</span>
<span class="go">1 2012-01-02 1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 2012-01-03 2 days</span>
<span class="gp">In [25]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="gp">In [26]: </span><span class="n">df</span>
<span class="gr">Out[26]: </span>
<span class="go"> A B C</span>
<span class="go">0 2012-01-01 0 days 2012-01-01</span>
<span class="go">1 2012-01-02 1 days 2012-01-03</span>
<span class="go">2 2012-01-03 2 days 2012-01-05</span>
<span class="gp">In [27]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dtypes</span>
<span class="gr">Out[27]: </span>
<span class="go">A datetime64[ns]</span>
<span class="go">B timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="go">C datetime64[ns]</span>
<span class="go">dtype: object</span>
<span class="gp">In [28]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[28]: </span>
<span class="go">0 -2 days</span>
<span class="go">1 -1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 0 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [29]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2011</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[29]: </span>
<span class="go">0 364 days 20:55:00</span>
<span class="go">1 365 days 20:55:00</span>
<span class="go">2 366 days 20:55:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [30]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[30]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2012-01-01 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">1 2012-01-02 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">2 2012-01-03 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: datetime64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [31]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Minute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[31]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2012-01-01 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">1 2012-01-02 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">2 2012-01-03 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: datetime64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [32]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Minute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Milli</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[32]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2012-01-01 00:05:00.005</span>
<span class="go">1 2012-01-02 00:05:00.005</span>
<span class="go">2 2012-01-03 00:05:00.005</span>
<span class="go">dtype: datetime64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-83">使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta64[ns]</span></code>系列的标量操作：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [33]: </span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="gp">In [34]: </span><span class="n">y</span>
<span class="gr">Out[34]: </span>
<span class="go">0 0 days</span>
<span class="go">1 1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 2 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-84">支持具有<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NaT</span></code>值的timedeltas系列：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [35]: </span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shift</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">In [36]: </span><span class="n">y</span>
<span class="gr">Out[36]: </span>
<span class="go">0 NaT</span>
<span class="go">1 1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 1 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-85">可以使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">np.nan</span></code>将元素设置为<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NaT</span></code>：类似于数据时间：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [37]: </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nan</span>
<span class="gp">In [38]: </span><span class="n">y</span>
<span class="gr">Out[38]: </span>
<span class="go">0 NaT</span>
<span class="go">1 NaT</span>
<span class="go">2 1 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-86">操作数也可以以相反的顺序出现（使用Series操作的单个对象）：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [39]: </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s</span>
<span class="gr">Out[39]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2 days</span>
<span class="go">1 1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 0 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [40]: </span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2011</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s</span>
<span class="gr">Out[40]: </span>
<span class="go">0 -365 days +03:05:00</span>
<span class="go">1 -366 days +03:05:00</span>
<span class="go">2 -367 days +03:05:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [41]: </span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">s</span>
<span class="gr">Out[41]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2012-01-01 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">1 2012-01-02 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">2 2012-01-03 00:05:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: datetime64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-87"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min，</span> <span class="pre">max</span></code>和对应的<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">idxmin，</span> <span class="pre">idxmax</span> t3 >在帧上支持操作：</code></span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [42]: </span><span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20120101'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'00:05:05'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [43]: </span><span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2012-1-2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">In [44]: </span><span class="n">df</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DataFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">In [45]: </span><span class="n">df</span>
<span class="gr">Out[45]: </span>
<span class="go"> A B</span>
<span class="go">0 -1 days +23:54:55 -1 days</span>
<span class="go">1 0 days 23:54:55 -1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 1 days 23:54:55 -1 days</span>
<span class="gp">In [46]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[46]: </span>
<span class="go">A -1 days +23:54:55</span>
<span class="go">B -1 days +00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [47]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[47]: </span>
<span class="go">0 -1 days</span>
<span class="go">1 -1 days</span>
<span class="go">2 -1 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [48]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">idxmin</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[48]: </span>
<span class="go">A 0</span>
<span class="go">B 0</span>
<span class="go">dtype: int64</span>
<span class="gp">In [49]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">idxmax</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[49]: </span>
<span class="go">A 2</span>
<span class="go">B 0</span>
<span class="go">dtype: int64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-88">在系列上也支持<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min，</span> <span class="pre">max，</span> <span class="pre">idxmin，</span> <span class="pre">idxmax</span> </code></span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-89">标量结果将是<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [50]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[50]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +23:54:55'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [51]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[51]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [52]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">idxmax</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[52]: </span><span class="s1">'A'</span>
<span class="gp">In [53]: </span><span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">idxmin</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[53]: </span><span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-90">你可以填写timedeltas。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-91">整数将被解释为秒。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-92">你可以传递timedelta来获得一个特定的值。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [54]: </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fillna</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[54]: </span>
<span class="go">0 0 days</span>
<span class="go">1 0 days</span>
<span class="go">2 1 days</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [55]: </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fillna</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[55]: </span>
<span class="go">0 0 days 00:00:10</span>
<span class="go">1 0 days 00:00:10</span>
<span class="go">2 1 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [56]: </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fillna</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days, 00:00:05'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gr">Out[56]: </span>
<span class="go">0 -1 days +00:00:05</span>
<span class="go">1 -1 days +00:00:05</span>
<span class="go">2 1 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-93">您还可以对<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedeltas</span></code>进行否定，乘法和使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">abs</span></code>：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [57]: </span><span class="n">td1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days 2 hours 3 seconds'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [58]: </span><span class="n">td1</span>
<span class="gr">Out[58]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-2 days +21:59:57'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [59]: </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">td1</span>
<span class="gr">Out[59]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 02:00:03'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [60]: </span><span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">td1</span>
<span class="gr">Out[60]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 02:00:03'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [61]: </span><span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">td1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[61]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 02:00:03'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reductions">
<span id="timedeltas-timedeltas-reductions"></span><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-94">Reductions</span></h2>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-95">对<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta64[ns]</span></code>的数值缩减操作将返回<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>对象。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-96">像评估时一样，跳过<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NaT</span></code>。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [62]: </span><span class="n">y2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_timedelta</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +00:00:05'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'nat'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-1 days +00:00:05'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="gp">In [63]: </span><span class="n">y2</span>
<span class="gr">Out[63]: </span>
<span class="go">0 -1 days +00:00:05</span>
<span class="go">1 NaT</span>
<span class="go">2 -1 days +00:00:05</span>
<span class="go">3 1 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [64]: </span><span class="n">y2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[64]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +16:00:03.333333'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [65]: </span><span class="n">y2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">median</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[65]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +00:00:05'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [66]: </span><span class="n">y2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quantile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[66]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +00:00:05'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [67]: </span><span class="n">y2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[67]: </span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-1 days +00:00:10'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="frequency-conversion">
<span id="timedeltas-timedeltas-convert"></span><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-97">Frequency Conversion</span></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-98"><span class="versionmodified">版本0.13中的新功能。</span></span></p>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-99">Timedelta系列，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>和<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>标量可以通过除以另一个timedelta或由特定timedelta类型的astyping转换为其他“频率”。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-100">这些操作产生系列并传播<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NaT</span></code> - > <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nan</span></code>。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-101">注意，numpy标量除以真正除法，而astyping等效于floor除法。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [68]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20130101'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">-</span> \
<span class="gp"> ....:</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20121201'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp"> ....:</span>
<span class="gp">In [69]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [70]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nan</span>
<span class="gp">In [71]: </span><span class="n">td</span>
<span class="gr">Out[71]: </span>
<span class="go">0 31 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">1 31 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">2 31 days 00:05:03</span>
<span class="go">3 NaT</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="c"># to days</span>
<span class="gp">In [72]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[72]: </span>
<span class="go">0 31.000000</span>
<span class="go">1 31.000000</span>
<span class="go">2 31.003507</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
<span class="gp">In [73]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[D]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[73]: </span>
<span class="go">0 31.0</span>
<span class="go">1 31.0</span>
<span class="go">2 31.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
<span class="c"># to seconds</span>
<span class="gp">In [74]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'s'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[74]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2678400.0</span>
<span class="go">1 2678400.0</span>
<span class="go">2 2678703.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
<span class="gp">In [75]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[s]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[75]: </span>
<span class="go">0 2678400.0</span>
<span class="go">1 2678400.0</span>
<span class="go">2 2678703.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
<span class="c"># to months (these are constant months)</span>
<span class="gp">In [76]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'M'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[76]: </span>
<span class="go">0 1.018501</span>
<span class="go">1 1.018501</span>
<span class="go">2 1.018617</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-102">将<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta64[ns]</span></code>系列除以整数或整数系列产生另一个<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta64[ns]</span></code> dtypes系列。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [77]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="gr">Out[77]: </span>
<span class="go">0 -31 days +00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">1 -31 days +00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">2 -32 days +23:54:57</span>
<span class="go">3 NaT</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
<span class="gp">In [78]: </span><span class="n">td</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gr">Out[78]: </span>
<span class="go">0 31 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">1 62 days 00:00:00</span>
<span class="go">2 93 days 00:15:09</span>
<span class="go">3 NaT</span>
<span class="go">dtype: timedelta64[ns]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="attributes">
<h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-103">Attributes</span></h2>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-104">您可以使用属性<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">days,seconds,microseconds,nanoseconds</span></code>直接访问<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>或<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>的各种组件。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-105">这些与<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.timedelta</span></code>返回的值相同，例如，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.seconds</span></code>属性表示秒数> = 0，</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-106">这些是根据<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>是否有符号来签名的。</span></p>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-107">这些操作也可以通过<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Series</span></code>的<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.dt</span></code>属性直接访问。</span></p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-108">注意</span></p>
<p class="last"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-109">请注意，属性不是<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>的显示值。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-110">使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.components</span></code>可检索显示的值。</span></p>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-111">对于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Series</span></code>：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [79]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span>
<span class="gr">Out[79]: </span>
<span class="go">0 31.0</span>
<span class="go">1 31.0</span>
<span class="go">2 31.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
<span class="gp">In [80]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>
<span class="gr">Out[80]: </span>
<span class="go">0 0.0</span>
<span class="go">1 0.0</span>
<span class="go">2 303.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">dtype: float64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-112">您可以直接访问标量<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>的字段值。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [81]: </span><span class="n">tds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'31 days 5 min 3 sec'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [82]: </span><span class="n">tds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span>
<span class="gr">Out[82]: </span><span class="mi">31</span>
<span class="gp">In [83]: </span><span class="n">tds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>
<span class="gr">Out[83]: </span><span class="mi">303</span>
<span class="gp">In [84]: </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tds</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>
<span class="gr">Out[84]: </span><span class="mi">86097</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-113">您可以使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.components</span></code>属性访问缩小形式的timedelta。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-114">这会返回类似于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Series</span></code>的<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DataFrame</span></code>索引。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-115">这些是<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>的<em>显示的</em>值。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [85]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">components</span>
<span class="gr">Out[85]: </span>
<span class="go"> days hours minutes seconds milliseconds microseconds nanoseconds</span>
<span class="go">0 31.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0</span>
<span class="go">1 31.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0</span>
<span class="go">2 31.0 0.0 5.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN</span>
<span class="gp">In [86]: </span><span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">components</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>
<span class="gr">Out[86]: </span>
<span class="go">0 0.0</span>
<span class="go">1 0.0</span>
<span class="go">2 3.0</span>
<span class="go">3 NaN</span>
<span class="go">Name: seconds, dtype: float64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="timedeltaindex">
<span id="timedeltas-index"></span><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-116">TimedeltaIndex</span></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-117"><span class="versionmodified">版本0.15.0中的新功能。</span></span></p>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-118">要生成具有时间delta的索引，可以使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>或<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta_range</span></code>构造函数。</span></p>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-119">使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>，您可以传递类似字符串，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Timedelta</span></code>，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code>或<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">np.timedelta64</span></code>对象。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-120">传递<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">np.nan/pd.NaT/nat</span></code>将表示缺少的值。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [87]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'1 days, 00:00:05'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp"> ....:</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="gp"> ....:</span>
<span class="gr">Out[87]: </span>
<span class="go">TimedeltaIndex(['1 days 00:00:00', '1 days 00:00:05', '2 days 00:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '2 days 00:00:02'],</span>
<span class="go"> dtype='timedelta64[ns]', freq=None)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-121">与<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date_range</span></code>类似，您可以构建<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>的正常范围：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [88]: </span><span class="n">timedelta_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[88]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'2 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'3 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'4 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'5 days'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [89]: </span><span class="n">timedelta_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'2 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'30T'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[89]: </span>
<span class="go">TimedeltaIndex(['1 days 00:00:00', '1 days 00:30:00', '1 days 01:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 01:30:00', '1 days 02:00:00', '1 days 02:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 03:00:00', '1 days 03:30:00', '1 days 04:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 04:30:00', '1 days 05:00:00', '1 days 05:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 06:00:00', '1 days 06:30:00', '1 days 07:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 07:30:00', '1 days 08:00:00', '1 days 08:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 09:00:00', '1 days 09:30:00', '1 days 10:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 10:30:00', '1 days 11:00:00', '1 days 11:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 12:00:00', '1 days 12:30:00', '1 days 13:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 13:30:00', '1 days 14:00:00', '1 days 14:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 15:00:00', '1 days 15:30:00', '1 days 16:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 16:30:00', '1 days 17:00:00', '1 days 17:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 18:00:00', '1 days 18:30:00', '1 days 19:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 19:30:00', '1 days 20:00:00', '1 days 20:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 21:00:00', '1 days 21:30:00', '1 days 22:00:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '1 days 22:30:00', '1 days 23:00:00', '1 days 23:30:00',</span>
<span class="go"> '2 days 00:00:00'],</span>
<span class="go"> dtype='timedelta64[ns]', freq='30T')</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-the-timedeltaindex">
<h3><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-122">Using the TimedeltaIndex</span></h3>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-123">类似于其他类datetime索引，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DatetimeIndex</span></code>和<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PeriodIndex</span></code>，您可以使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>作为pandas对象的索引。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [90]: </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Series</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="gp"> ....:</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">timedelta_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'h'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp"> ....:</span>
<span class="gp">In [91]: </span><span class="n">s</span>
<span class="gr">Out[91]: </span>
<span class="go">1 days 00:00:00 0</span>
<span class="go">1 days 01:00:00 1</span>
<span class="go">1 days 02:00:00 2</span>
<span class="go">1 days 03:00:00 3</span>
<span class="go">1 days 04:00:00 4</span>
<span class="go">1 days 05:00:00 5</span>
<span class="go">1 days 06:00:00 6</span>
<span class="go"> ..</span>
<span class="go">4 days 21:00:00 93</span>
<span class="go">4 days 22:00:00 94</span>
<span class="go">4 days 23:00:00 95</span>
<span class="go">5 days 00:00:00 96</span>
<span class="go">5 days 01:00:00 97</span>
<span class="go">5 days 02:00:00 98</span>
<span class="go">5 days 03:00:00 99</span>
<span class="go">Freq: H, dtype: int64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-124">选择工作类似，强制在字符串喜欢和切片：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [92]: </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'2 day'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="gr">Out[92]: </span>
<span class="go">1 days 00:00:00 0</span>
<span class="go">1 days 01:00:00 1</span>
<span class="go">1 days 02:00:00 2</span>
<span class="go">1 days 03:00:00 3</span>
<span class="go">1 days 04:00:00 4</span>
<span class="go">1 days 05:00:00 5</span>
<span class="go">1 days 06:00:00 6</span>
<span class="go"> ..</span>
<span class="go">2 days 17:00:00 41</span>
<span class="go">2 days 18:00:00 42</span>
<span class="go">2 days 19:00:00 43</span>
<span class="go">2 days 20:00:00 44</span>
<span class="go">2 days 21:00:00 45</span>
<span class="go">2 days 22:00:00 46</span>
<span class="go">2 days 23:00:00 47</span>
<span class="go">Freq: H, dtype: int64</span>
<span class="gp">In [93]: </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'1 day 01:00:00'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="gr">Out[93]: </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="gp">In [94]: </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 day 1h'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="gr">Out[94]: </span><span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-125">此外，您可以使用部分字符串选择，范围将被推断：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [95]: </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'1 day'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'1 day 5 hours'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="gr">Out[95]: </span>
<span class="go">1 days 00:00:00 0</span>
<span class="go">1 days 01:00:00 1</span>
<span class="go">1 days 02:00:00 2</span>
<span class="go">1 days 03:00:00 3</span>
<span class="go">1 days 04:00:00 4</span>
<span class="go">1 days 05:00:00 5</span>
<span class="go">Freq: H, dtype: int64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h3><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-126">Operations</span></h3>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-127">最后，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>与<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DatetimeIndex</span></code>的组合允许某些NaT保留的组合操作：</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [96]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'1 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'2 days'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">In [97]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tolist</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[97]: </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="gp">In [98]: </span><span class="n">dti</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20130101'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">periods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [99]: </span><span class="n">dti</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tolist</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[99]: </span>
<span class="go">[Timestamp('2013-01-01 00:00:00', freq='D'),</span>
<span class="go"> Timestamp('2013-01-02 00:00:00', freq='D'),</span>
<span class="go"> Timestamp('2013-01-03 00:00:00', freq='D')]</span>
<span class="gp">In [100]: </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dti</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">tdi</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tolist</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[100]: </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2013-01-02 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2013-01-05 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="gp">In [101]: </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dti</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">tdi</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tolist</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[101]: </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2012-12-31 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2013-01-01 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conversions">
<h3><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-128">Conversions</span></h3>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-129">与上述<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Series</span></code>上的频率转换类似，您可以转换这些索引以产生另一个索引。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [102]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'s'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[102]: </span><span class="n">Float64Index</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mf">86400.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nan</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">172800.0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'float64'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">In [103]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[s]'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[103]: </span><span class="n">Float64Index</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mf">86400.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nan</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">172800.0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'float64'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-130">标量类型ops也工作。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-131">这些可能会返回<em>不同的</em>类型的索引。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># adding or timedelta and date -> datelike</span>
<span class="gp">In [104]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20130101'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[104]: </span><span class="n">DatetimeIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'2013-01-02'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'NaT'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'2013-01-03'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'datetime64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># subtraction of a date and a timedelta -> datelike</span>
<span class="c"># note that trying to subtract a date from a Timedelta will raise an exception</span>
<span class="gp">In [105]: </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20130101'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">tdi</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tolist</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[105]: </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2012-12-31 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Timestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2012-12-30 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="c"># timedelta + timedelta -> timedelta</span>
<span class="gp">In [106]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'10 days'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gr">Out[106]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'11 days'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'12 days'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># division can result in a Timedelta if the divisor is an integer</span>
<span class="gp">In [107]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="gr">Out[107]: </span><span class="n">TimedeltaIndex</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'0 days 12:00:00'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NaT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'1 days 00:00:00'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'timedelta64[ns]'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># or a Float64Index if the divisor is a Timedelta</span>
<span class="gp">In [108]: </span><span class="n">tdi</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">tdi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="gr">Out[108]: </span><span class="n">Float64Index</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nan</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'float64'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="resampling">
<span id="timedeltas-resampling"></span><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-132">Resampling</span></h2>
<p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-133">与<a class="reference internal" href="timeseries.html#timeseries-resampling"><span class="std std-ref">timeseries resampling</span></a>类似，我们可以使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimedeltaIndex</span></code>重新采样。</span></p>
<div class="highlight-ipython"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">In [109]: </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resample</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gr">Out[109]: </span>
<span class="go">1 days 11.5</span>
<span class="go">2 days 35.5</span>
<span class="go">3 days 59.5</span>
<span class="go">4 days 83.5</span>
<span class="go">5 days 97.5</span>
<span class="go">Freq: D, dtype: float64</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>