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How to setup the MetalLB

“MetalLB is a load-balancer implementation for bare metal Kubernetes clusters, using standard routing protocols.”

Reference: https://metallb.universe.tf/

Why

Kubernetes does not offer an implementation of network load-balancers (Services of type LoadBalancer) for bare metal clusters. The implementations of Network LB that Kubernetes does ship with are all glue code that calls out to various IaaS platforms (GCP, AWS, Azure…). If you’re not running on a supported IaaS platform (GCP, AWS, Azure…), Load Balancers will remain in the “pending” state indefinitely when created.

Configure your local routing

You need to add a route to your local machine to access the internal network of Virtualbox.

~$ sudo ip route add 192.168.4.0/27 via 192.168.4.30 dev vboxnet0
~$ sudo ip route add 192.168.4.32/27 via 192.168.4.62 dev vboxnet0
~$ sudo ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.4.254 dev vboxnet0

Access the BusyBox

We need to get the BusyBox IP to access it via ssh

~$ vboxmanage guestproperty get busybox "/VirtualBox/GuestInfo/Net/0/V4/IP"

Expected output:

Value: 192.168.4.57

Use the returned value to access.

~$ ssh [email protected]

Install

kube-service-load-balancer

LoadBalancer manifest:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:  
  name: load-balancer-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: guestbook
    tier: frontend
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:  
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP

  1. Apply the LoadBalancer service deploy from the kube-service-load-balancer file:

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mvallim/kubernetes-under-the-hood/master/services/kube-service-load-balancer.yaml

    The response should look similar to this:

    service/load-balancer-service created

  2. Query the state of service load-balancer-service

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl get service load-balancer-service -o wide

    The response should look similar to this:

    NAME                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE   SELECTOR
load-balancer-service   LoadBalancer   10.107.119.217   <pending>     80:30154/TCP   9s    app=guestbook,tier=frontend

If you look at the status on the EXTERNAL-IP it is <pending> because we need configure MetalLB to provide IP to LoadBalancer service.

Deploy

To install MetalLB, apply the manifest:

  1. Apply the MetalLB manifest namespace from the namespace.yaml file:

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/metallb/metallb/v0.9.5/manifests/namespace.yaml

    The response should look similar to this:

    namespace/metallb-system created

  2. Apply the MetalLB manifest controller and speaker from the metallb.yaml file:

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/metallb/metallb/v0.9.5/manifests/metallb.yaml

    The response should look similar to this:

    podsecuritypolicy.policy/controller created
podsecuritypolicy.policy/speaker created
serviceaccount/controller created
serviceaccount/speaker created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metallb-system:controller created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metallb-system:speaker created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/config-watcher created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/pod-lister created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metallb-system:controller created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metallb-system:speaker created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/config-watcher created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/pod-lister created
daemonset.apps/speaker created
deployment.apps/controller created

  3. Create the MetalLB scret memberlist:

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl create secret generic -n metallb-system memberlist --from-literal=secretkey="$(openssl rand -base64 128)"

    The response should look similar to this:

    secret/memberlist created

  4. Query the state of deploy

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl get deploy -n metallb-system -o wide

    The response should look similar to this:

    NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                      SELECTOR
controller   1/1     1            1           40s   controller   metallb/controller:v0.9.5   app=metallb,component=controller

This will deploy MetalLB to your cluster, under the metallb-system namespace. The components in the manifest are:

  • The metallb-system/controller deployment. This is the cluster-wide controller that handles IP address assignments.
  • The metallb-system/speaker daemonset. This is the component that speaks the protocol(s) of your choice to make the services reachable.
  • Service accounts for the controller and speaker, along with the RBAC permissions that the components need to function.

The installation manifest does not include a configuration file. MetalLB’s components will still start, but will remain idle until you define and deploy a configmap. The memberlist secret contains the secretkey to encrypt the communication between speakers for the fast dead node detection.

Reference : https://metallb.universe.tf/installation/#installation-by-manifest

Configure

Based on the planed network configuration (here) we will have a metallb-config.yaml as below:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  namespace: metallb-system
  name: config
data:
  config: |
    address-pools:
    - name: default
      protocol: layer2
      addresses:
      - 192.168.2.2-192.168.2.125

  1. Apply the MetalLB configmap from the metallb-config.yaml file:

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mvallim/kubernetes-under-the-hood/master/metallb/metallb-config.yaml

  2. Query the state of deploy

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl get deploy controller -n metallb-system -o wide

    The response should look similar to this:

    NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                      SELECTOR
controller   1/1     1            1           87s   controller   metallb/controller:v0.9.5   app=metallb,component=controller

  3. Query the state of service load-balancer-service

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl get service load-balancer-service -o wide

    The response should look similar to this:

    NAME                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP    PORT(S)        AGE    SELECTOR
load-balancer-service   LoadBalancer   10.107.119.217   192.168.2.10   80:30154/TCP   3m4s   app=guestbook,tier=frontend

Now if you look at the status on the EXTERNAL-IP it is 192.168.2.10 and can be access directly from external, without using NodePort or ClusterIp. Remember this IP 192.168.2.10 isn't assigned to any node. In this example of service we can access using http://192.168.2.10.

Cleaning up

Deleting the services

  1. Run the following commands to delete service.

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl delete service load-balancer-service

    The responses should be:

    service "load-balancer-service" deleted

  2. Query the list of service:

    debian@busybox:~$ kubectl get services

    The response should be this:

    NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   2d2h