wheat.yaml

# Crop parameter file for use with the PCSE/WISS implementations of the WOFOST
# crop simulation model
#
# Creation date: 2017-07-06
#
# Contact: Allard de Wit (allard.dewit@wur.nl)
#          Wageningen University and Research Centre
#          PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
#
# More information: - http://pcse.readthedocs.io
#                   - http://www.wageningenur.nl/wofost
#                   - https://github.com/ajwdewit/WOFOST_crop_parameters
#
Version: 1.0.0
Metadata: &meta
    Creator: Allard de Wit
    Contributor: Kees van Diepen, Hendrik Boogaard, Raymond van de Wijngaart
    Contact: allard.dewit@wur.nl
    Publisher: Wageningen Environmental Research
    Title: Paramemeter sets for the WOFOST cropping system model for wheat
    Date: 2020-01-01
    Language: EN
    Format: YAML
    Subject: Generic crop parameters for wheat 
    Description: This file provides parameters for a generic wheat crop as well as several specific 
                 wheat cultivars for use with the WOFOST cropping system model
    Identifier: 
    Relation:
    Source: https://edepot.wur.nl/308997, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.05.002
    Type: 
    Coverage:
       Region: Europe    
    Rights: European Union Public License (EUPL)
    Keyword: wheat, WOFOST
CropParameters:
    GenericC3: &GenericC3
        CO2EFFTB:
         - [40., 0.00,
           360., 1.00,
           720., 1.11,
          1000., 1.11,
          2000., 1.11]
         - multiplication factor for EFF to account for an increasing CO2 concentration
         - ['PPM', '-']
        CO2TRATB:
         - [40., 0.00,
           360., 1.00,
           720., 0.9,
          1000., 0.9,
          2000., 0.9]
         - multiplication factor for maximum transpiration rate TRAMX to account for an increasing CO2 concentration
         - ['PPM', '-']
        CO2AMAXTB:
         - [40.,  0.00,
           360.,  1.00,
           720.,  1.60,
           1000., 1.90,
           2000., 1.90]
         - multiplication factor for AMAX to account for an increasing CO2 concentration
         - ['PPM', '-']
    GenericC4: &GenericC4
        CO2EFFTB:
         - [40., 0.00,
           360., 1.00,
           720., 1.00,
          1000., 1.00,
          2000., 1.00]
         - multiplication factor for EFF to account for an increasing CO2 concentration
         - ['PPM', '-']
        CO2TRATB:
         - [40., 0.00,
           360., 1.00,
           720., 0.74,
          1000., 0.74,
          2000., 0.74]
         - multiplication factor for maximum transpiration rate TRAMX to account for an increasing CO2 concentration
         - ['PPM', '-']
        CO2AMAXTB:
         - [40.,  0.00,
           360.,  1.00,
           720.,  1.00,
           1000., 1.00,
           2000., 1.00]
         - multiplication factor for AMAX to account for an increasing CO2 concentration
         - ['PPM', '-']
    EcoTypes:
        winterwheat: &winterwheat
            <<: *GenericC3
            #
            # EMERGENCE
            #
            TBASEM:
            -  0.0
            - Lower threshold temperature for emergence
            - ['C']
            TEFFMX:
            - 30.0
            - maximum effective temperature for emergence
            - ['C']
            TSUMEM:
            -  120
            - temperature sum from sowing to emergence
            - ['C.d']
            #
            # PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
            #
            IDSL:
            -  2
            - indicates whether pre-anthesis development depends on temperature (=0), plus daylength (=1) , plus vernalization (=2)
            - ['NA']
            DLO:
            - 14.0
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            DLC:
            -  8.0
            - critical daylength (lower threshold)
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            - 1000
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  950
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            DTSMTB:
            - [ 0.0,  0.0,
               30.0, 30.0,
               45.0, 30.0]
            - daily increase in temperature sum as function of daily average temperature
            - ['C', 'C']
            DVSI:
            -  0.0
            - Initial development stage
            - ['-']
            DVSEND:
            -  2.0
            - development stage at harvest (= 2.0 at maturity)
            - ['-']
            VERNBASE:
            - 14.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 70.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNDVS:
            - 0.30
            - Critical DVS for vernalization to switch off
            - ['-']
            VERNRTB:
            - [-8.0,  0.0,
               -4.0,  0.0,
                3.0,  1.0,
               10.0,  1.0,
               17.0,  0.0,
               20.0,  0.0]
            - Temperature response function for vernalization
            - ['C', '-']
            #
            # INITIAL STATES
            #
            TDWI:
            -  50.00
            - initial total crop dry weight
            - ['kg.ha-1']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            #
            # CROP GREEN AREA
            #
            SLATB:
            - [0.00, 0.00212,
               0.50, 0.00212,
               2.00, 0.00212]
            - specific leaf area as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'ha.kg-1']
            SPA:
            - 0.0000
            - specific pod area
            - ['ha.kg-1']
            SSATB:
            - [0.00, 0.0000,
               2.00, 0.0000]
            - specific stem area as function of DVS
            - ['-', 'ha.kg-1']
            SPAN:
            - 31.3
            - life span of leaves growing at 35 Celsius
            - ['d']
            TBASE:
            -  0.0
            - lower threshold temperature for ageing of leaves
            - ['C']
            #
            # CO2 ASSIMILATION
            #
            KDIFTB:
            - [0.00, 0.600,
               2.00, 0.600]
            - extinction coefficient for diffuse visible light as function of DVS
            - ['-', '-']
            EFFTB:
            - [ 0.0, 0.450,
               40.0, 0.450]
            - initial light-use efficiency single leaf as function of daily mean temperature
            - ['C', 'kg.ha-1.hr-1.J-1.m2.s1']
            AMAXTB:
            - [0.00, 35.83,
               1.00, 35.83,
               1.30, 35.83,
               2.00, 4.48]
            - maximum leaf CO2 assimilation rate as function of DVS
            - ['-', 'kg.ha-1.hr-1']
            REFCO2L:
            - 360
            - CO2 level at which AMAX and EFF were measured
            - ['PPM']
            TMPFTB:
            - [ 0.0, 0.010,
               10.0, 0.600,
               15.0, 1.000,
               25.0, 1.000,
               35.0, 0.000]
            - reduction factor of AMAX as function of average daytime (*not* daily)  temperature
            - ['C', '-']
            TMNFTB:
            - [ 0.0, 0.000,
                3.0, 1.000]
            - reduction factor of gross assimilation rate as function of low minimum temperature
            - ['C', '-']
            #
            # CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF ASSIMILATES
            #
            CVL:
            - 0.685
            - efficiency of conversion into leaves
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            CVO:
            - 0.709
            - efficiency of conversion into storage organs
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            CVR:
            - 0.694
            - efficiency of conversion into roots
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            CVS:
            - 0.662
            - efficiency of conversion into stems
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            #
            # RESPIRATION
            #
            Q10:
            -  2.00
            - relative increase in respiration rate per 10 degrees Celsius temperature increase
            - ['-']
            RML:
            - 0.0300
            - relative maintenance respiration rate of leaves
            - ['d-1']
            RMO:
            - 0.0100
            - relative maintenance respiration rate of storage organs
            - ['d-1']
            RMR:
            - 0.0150
            - relative maintenance respiration rate of roots
            - ['d-1']
            RMS:
            - 0.0150
            - relative maintenance respiration rate of stems
            - ['d-1']
            RFSETB:
            - [0.00, 1.000,
               2.00, 1.000]
            - reduction factor for senescence as function of DVS
            - ['-', '-']
            #
            # PARTITIONING
            #
            FRTB:
            - [0.000, 0.500,
               0.100, 0.500,
               0.200, 0.400,
               0.350, 0.220,
               0.400, 0.170,
               0.500, 0.130,
               0.700, 0.070,
               0.900, 0.030,
               1.200, 0.000,
               2.000, 0.000]
            - fraction of total dry matter to roots as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            FLTB:
            - [0.000, 0.650,
               0.100, 0.650,
               0.250, 0.700,
               0.500, 0.500,
               0.646, 0.300,
               0.950, 0.000,
               2.000, 0.000]
            - fraction of total dry matter to leaves as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            FSTB:
            - [0.000, 0.350,
               0.100, 0.350,
               0.250, 0.300,
               0.500, 0.500,
               0.646, 0.700,
               0.950, 1.000,
               1.000, 0.000,
               2.000, 0.000]
            - fraction of total dry matter to stems as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            FOTB:
            - [0.000, 0.000,
               0.950, 0.000,
               1.000, 1.000,
               2.000, 1.000]
            - fraction of total dry matter to storage organs as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            #
            # DEATH RATES
            #
            PERDL:
            - 0.030
            - maximum relative death rate of leaves due to water stress
            - ['-']
            RDRRTB:
            - [0.00, 0.000,
               1.50, 0.000,
               1.51, 0.020,
               2.00, 0.020]
            - Relative death rate of stems as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'kg.kg-1.d-1']
            RDRSTB:
            - [0.00, 0.000,
               1.50, 0.000,
               1.51, 0.020,
               2.00, 0.020]
            - relative death rate of roots as a function of DVS
            - ['-', 'kg.kg-1.d-1']
            #
            # WATER USE
            #
            CFET:
            - 1.00
            - correction factor transpiration rate
            - ['-']
            DEPNR:
            - 4.50
            - crop group number for soil water depletion
            - ['-']
            IAIRDU:
            -  0
            - air ducts in roots present (=1) or not (=0)
            - ['NA']
            IOX:
            -  0
            - Oxygen stress effect enabled (=1) or not (=0)
            - ['NA']
            #
            # ROOTING DEPTH
            #
            RDI:
            -  10.0
            - initial rooting depth
            - ['cm']
            RRI:
            - 1.20
            - maximum daily increase in rooting depth
            - ['cm.d-1']
            RDMCR:
            - 125.0
            - maximum rooting depth
            - ['cm']
            #
            # MAXIMUM, CRITICAL AND RESIDUAL NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS
            #
            NMAXLV_TB:
            - [0.00, 0.0600,
               0.40, 0.0400,
               0.70, 0.0300,
               1.00, 0.0200,
               2.00, 0.0140,
               2.10, 0.0140]
            - maximum N concentration in leaves as function of development stage in kg N kg-1 dry biomass
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            NMAXRT_FR:
            - 0.5000
            - maximum N concentration in roots as fraction of maximum N concentration in leaves
            - ['-']
            NMAXST_FR:
            - 0.5000
            - maximum N concentration in stems as fraction of maximum N concentration in leaves
            - ['-']
            NMAXSO:
            - 0.0176
            - maximum P concentration in storage organs [kg N kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            NCRIT_FR:
            - 1.00
            - Critical N concentration as fraction of maximum N concentration
            - ['-']
            NRESIDLV:
            - 0.0040
            - residual N fraction in leaves [kg N kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            NRESIDST:
            - 0.0020
            - residual N fraction in stems [kg N kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            NRESIDRT:
            - 0.0020
            - residual N fraction in roots [kg N kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            TCNT:
            -  10
            - time coefficient for N translocation to storage organs
            - ['d']
            NFIX_FR:
            - 0.00
            - fraction of crop nitrogen uptake by biological fixation
            - ['-']
            #
            # MAXIMUM, CRITICAL AND RESIDUAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS
            #
            PMAXLV_TB:
            - [0.00, 0.0110,
               0.40, 0.0080,
               0.70, 0.0060,
               1.00, 0.0040,
               2.00, 0.0027,
               2.10, 0.0027]
            - maximum P concentration in leaves as function of development stage in kg P kg-1 dry biomass
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            PMAXRT_FR:
            - 0.5000
            - maximum P concentration in roots as fraction of maximum P concentration in leaves
            - ['-']
            PMAXST_FR:
            - 0.5000
            - maximum P concentration in stems as fraction of maximum P concentration in leaves
            - ['-']
            PMAXSO:
            - 0.0026
            - maximum P concentration in storage organs [kg P kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            PCRIT_FR:
            - 1.00
            - Critical P concentration as fraction of maximum P concentration
            - ['-']
            PRESIDLV:
            - 0.0005
            - residual P fraction in leaves [kg P kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            PRESIDST:
            - 0.0003
            - residual P fraction in stems [kg P kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            PRESIDRT:
            - 0.0003
            - residual P fraction in roots [kg P kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            TCPT:
            -  10
            - time coefficient for P translocation to storage organs
            - ['d']
            #
            # MAXIMUM, CRITICAL AND RESIDUAL POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS
            #
            KMAXLV_TB:
            - [0.00, 0.1200,
               0.40, 0.0800,
               0.70, 0.0600,
               1.00, 0.0400,
               2.00, 0.0280,
               2.10, 0.0280]
            - maximum K concentration in leaves as function of development stage in kg K kg-1 dry biomass
            - ['-', 'mass.mass-1']
            KMAXRT_FR:
            - 0.5000
            - maximum K concentration in roots as fraction of maximum K concentration in leaves
            - ['-']
            KMAXST_FR:
            - 0.5000
            - maximum K concentration in stems as fraction of maximum K concentration in leaves
            - ['-']
            KMAXSO:
            - 0.0048
            - maximum K concentration in storage organs [kg K kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            KCRIT_FR:
            - 1.00
            - Critical K concentration as fraction of maximum K concentration
            - ['-']
            KRESIDLV:
            - 0.0090
            - residual K fraction in leaves [kg K kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            KRESIDST:
            - 0.0050
            - residual K fraction in stems [kg K kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            KRESIDRT:
            - 0.0050
            - residual K fraction in roots [kg K kg-1 dry biomass]
            - ['mass.mass-1']
            TCKT:
            -  10
            - time coefficient for K translocation to storage organs
            - ['d']
            #
            # IMPORT DVS RELATED TO N/P/K UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION
            #
            DVS_NPK_STOP:
            - 1.30
            - development stage above which no crop N/P/K uptake occurs
            - ['-']
            DVS_NPK_TRANSL:
            - 0.80
            - development stage above which N/P/K translocation to storage organs does occur
            - ['-']
            #
            # IMPACT OF N/P/K STRESS ON PROCESSES
            #
            NLAI_NPK:
            - 1.00
            - coefficient for the reduction due to nutrient NPK stress of the LAI increase (during juvenile phase)
            - ['-']
            NSLA_NPK:
            - 0.50
            - coefficient for the effect of nutrient NPK stress on SLA reduction
            - ['-']
            NPART:
            - 1.00
            - coefficient for the effect of nutrient N stress on leaf allocation
            - ['-']
            NLUE_NPK:
            - 1.10
            - coefficient for the reduction of gross CO2 assimilation rate due to nutrient (N-P-K) stress
            - ['-']
            NPK_TRANSLRT_FR:
            - 0.50
            - NPK translocation from roots as a fraction of total NPK amounts translocated from leaves and stems
            - ['-']
            RDRLV_NPK:
            - 0.05
            - maximum relative death rate of leaves due to nutrient NPK stress
            - ['-']
            #
            # Maximum N/P/K uptake rates, see changelog.txt
            #
            RNUPTAKEMAX:
             - 7.2
             - Maximum rate of daily nitrogen uptake
             - ['kg.ha-1.d-1']
            RPUPTAKEMAX:
             - 0.8
             - Maximum rate of daily phosphorus uptake
             - ['kg..ha-1.d-1']
            RKUPTAKEMAX:
             - 7.4
             - Maximum rate of daily potassium uptake
             - ['kg.ha-1.d-1']
    Varieties:
        Winter_wheat_101:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region: Northern Ireland, Scotland, northern UK (R71), Denmark    
            DLO:
            - 16.8
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  543
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            - 1194
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            - 10.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 49.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        Winter_wheat_102:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region: Ireland, central en southern UK, Netherlands, northern Germany
            DLO:
            - 16.3
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  853
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  975
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  9.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 44.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        Winter_wheat_103:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region: southern Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg    
            DLO:
            - 16.3
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  958
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  852
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            - 10.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 52.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        Winter_wheat_104:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region:  Central Germany, northern France
            DLO:
            - 15.8
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  706
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  950
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  8.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 41.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        Winter_wheat_105:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region: France, northern and central Italy, northern Spain, northern Portugal
            DLO:
            - 15.3
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  706
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  975
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  7.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 37.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        Winter_wheat_106:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region: southern Italy, central and eastern Spain, southern Portugal
            DLO:
            - 14.8
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  852
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  950
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  5.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 25.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        Winter_wheat_107:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata:
                <<: *meta
                Coverage:
                   Region: Southern Spain and Central and Southern Greece
            DLO:
            - 14.6
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            - 1031
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  928
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  1.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            -  5.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        bermude:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata: 
                <<: *meta
                Date: 2022-07-12
                Subject: crop parameters for wheat cultivar bermude
                Description: Crop specific parameters for variety 'bermude'. This variety is a regional variety 
                    mainly grown in Northern and Central France. Note that only TSUM1 was calibrated, TSUM2 was
                    taken from Winterwheat_104.
                Source: https://doi.org/10.1101/708578 
                Coverage:
                    Region: Central to Northern France
                    Temporal: Variety was introduced in 1995
                    Sowing: September to November
                    Harvesting: end of July to early August
                Keyword: wheat, WOFOST, France, Bermude
            DLO:
            - 15.8
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  899
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  950
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  8.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 41.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
        apache:
            <<: *winterwheat
            Metadata: 
                <<: *meta
                Date: 2022-07-12
                Subject: crop parameters for wheat cultivar apache
                Description: Crop specific parameters for variety 'apache'. This variety is a common variety grown
                    throughout France and Central Europes. Note that only TSUM1 was calibrated, TSUM2 was taken
                    from Winterwheat_104.
                Source: https://doi.org/10.1101/708578 
                Coverage:
                    Region: France, Central Europe
                    Temporal: Variety was introduced in 1995
                    Sowing: September to November
                    Harvesting: end of July to early August
                Keyword: wheat, WOFOST, France, Apache
            DLO:
            - 15.8
            - optimum daylength for development
            - ['hr']
            TSUM1:
            -  899
            - temperature sum from emergence to anthesis
            - ['C.d']
            TSUM2:
            -  950
            - temperature sum from anthesis to maturity
            - ['C.d']
            RGRLAI:
            - 0.0082
            - maximum relative increase in LAI
            - ['d-1']
            VERNBASE:
            -  8.0
            - Base vernalization requirement
            - ['d']
            VERNSAT:
            - 41.0
            - Saturated vernalization requirement
            - ['d']