From a9e17cdcf070e7a2163609a65e487d61b76b7373 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Antoine Poinsot <darosior@protonmail.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Oct 2022 15:50:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] qa: add a fuzz target ensuring the sighash behaviour for non
 APO keys was conserved

This fuzz targets copied the SignatureHashSchnorr function for Bitcoin
Core 23.0 and checks the output of the APO-ready SignatureHashSchnorr
from this branch against it.

This is to make sure the behaviour of the function was not changed for
non ANYPREVOUT keys, which would make some previously valid signatures
invalid and, even worse, some previously invalid signatures valid.
---
 src/Makefile.test.include    |   1 +
 src/script/interpreter.cpp   |   4 +
 src/test/fuzz/anyprevout.cpp | 187 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 192 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/test/fuzz/anyprevout.cpp

diff --git a/src/Makefile.test.include b/src/Makefile.test.include
index 22ba9ee90ba609..b2ef42805e59be 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.test.include
+++ b/src/Makefile.test.include
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ test_fuzz_fuzz_SOURCES = \
  $(FUZZ_WALLET_SRC) \
  test/fuzz/addition_overflow.cpp \
  test/fuzz/addrman.cpp \
+ test/fuzz/anyprevout.cpp \
  test/fuzz/asmap.cpp \
  test/fuzz/asmap_direct.cpp \
  test/fuzz/autofile.cpp \
diff --git a/src/script/interpreter.cpp b/src/script/interpreter.cpp
index 36bdaca998ebf1..d942f0893b2a68 100644
--- a/src/script/interpreter.cpp
+++ b/src/script/interpreter.cpp
@@ -1671,9 +1671,11 @@ bool SignatureHashSchnorr(uint256& hash_out, ScriptExecutionData& execdata, cons
         ss << cache.m_spent_outputs[in_pos];
         ss << tx_to.vin[in_pos].nSequence;
     } else if (input_type == SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT) {
+        assert(keyversion == KeyVersion::ANYPREVOUT);
         ss << cache.m_spent_outputs[in_pos];
         ss << tx_to.vin[in_pos].nSequence;
     } else if (input_type == SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUTANYSCRIPT) {
+        assert(keyversion == KeyVersion::ANYPREVOUT);
         ss << tx_to.vin[in_pos].nSequence;
     } else {
         ss << in_pos;
@@ -1698,6 +1700,8 @@ bool SignatureHashSchnorr(uint256& hash_out, ScriptExecutionData& execdata, cons
         assert(execdata.m_tapleaf_hash_init);
         if (input_type != SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUTANYSCRIPT) {
             ss << execdata.m_tapleaf_hash;
+        } else {
+            assert(keyversion == KeyVersion::ANYPREVOUT);
         }
         ss << uint8_t(keyversion);
         assert(execdata.m_codeseparator_pos_init);
diff --git a/src/test/fuzz/anyprevout.cpp b/src/test/fuzz/anyprevout.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..14fe0beb40b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/fuzz/anyprevout.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
+// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
+#include <hash.h>
+#include <primitives/transaction.h>
+#include <script/interpreter.h>
+#include <test/fuzz/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <test/fuzz/fuzz.h>
+#include <test/fuzz/util.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+/**
+ * SignatureHashSchnorr from Bitcoin Core 23.0.
+ *
+ * Only change is using an assert directly instead of HandleMissingData.
+ */
+template<typename T>
+bool OldSignatureHashSchnorr(uint256& hash_out, ScriptExecutionData& execdata, const T& tx_to, uint32_t in_pos, uint8_t hash_type, SigVersion sigversion, const PrecomputedTransactionData& cache, MissingDataBehavior mdb)
+{
+    uint8_t ext_flag, key_version;
+    switch (sigversion) {
+    case SigVersion::TAPROOT:
+        ext_flag = 0;
+        // key_version is not used and left uninitialized.
+        break;
+    case SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT:
+        ext_flag = 1;
+        // key_version must be 0 for now, representing the current version of
+        // 32-byte public keys in the tapscript signature opcode execution.
+        // An upgradable public key version (with a size not 32-byte) may
+        // request a different key_version with a new sigversion.
+        key_version = 0;
+        break;
+    default:
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    assert(in_pos < tx_to.vin.size());
+    assert(cache.m_bip341_taproot_ready && cache.m_spent_outputs_ready);
+
+    HashWriter ss = HASHER_TAPSIGHASH;
+
+    // Epoch
+    static constexpr uint8_t EPOCH = 0;
+    ss << EPOCH;
+
+    // Hash type
+    const uint8_t output_type = (hash_type == SIGHASH_DEFAULT) ? SIGHASH_ALL : (hash_type & SIGHASH_OUTPUT_MASK); // Default (no sighash byte) is equivalent to SIGHASH_ALL
+    const uint8_t input_type = hash_type & SIGHASH_INPUT_MASK;
+    if (!(hash_type <= 0x03 || (hash_type >= 0x81 && hash_type <= 0x83))) return false;
+    ss << hash_type;
+
+    // Transaction level data
+    ss << tx_to.version;
+    ss << tx_to.nLockTime;
+    if (input_type != SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) {
+        ss << cache.m_prevouts_single_hash;
+        ss << cache.m_spent_amounts_single_hash;
+        ss << cache.m_spent_scripts_single_hash;
+        ss << cache.m_sequences_single_hash;
+    }
+    if (output_type == SIGHASH_ALL) {
+        ss << cache.m_outputs_single_hash;
+    }
+
+    // Data about the input/prevout being spent
+    assert(execdata.m_annex_init);
+    const bool have_annex = execdata.m_annex_present;
+    const uint8_t spend_type = (ext_flag << 1) + (have_annex ? 1 : 0); // The low bit indicates whether an annex is present.
+    ss << spend_type;
+    if (input_type == SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) {
+        ss << tx_to.vin[in_pos].prevout;
+        ss << cache.m_spent_outputs[in_pos];
+        ss << tx_to.vin[in_pos].nSequence;
+    } else {
+        ss << in_pos;
+    }
+    if (have_annex) {
+        ss << execdata.m_annex_hash;
+    }
+
+    // Data about the output (if only one).
+    if (output_type == SIGHASH_SINGLE) {
+        if (in_pos >= tx_to.vout.size()) return false;
+        if (!execdata.m_output_hash) {
+            HashWriter sha_single_output{};
+            sha_single_output << tx_to.vout[in_pos];
+            execdata.m_output_hash = sha_single_output.GetSHA256();
+        }
+        ss << execdata.m_output_hash.value();
+    }
+
+    // Additional data for BIP 342 signatures
+    if (sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT) {
+        assert(execdata.m_tapleaf_hash_init);
+        ss << execdata.m_tapleaf_hash;
+        ss << key_version;
+        assert(execdata.m_codeseparator_pos_init);
+        ss << execdata.m_codeseparator_pos;
+    }
+
+    hash_out = ss.GetSHA256();
+    return true;
+}
+
+/** Test APO's SignatureHashSchnorr against Bitcoin 23.0's SignatureHashSchnorr.
+ *
+ * This makes sure the behaviour for non-APO keys was conserved with the introduction of the APO logic.
+ */
+FUZZ_TARGET(anyprevout_old_new_sighash)
+{
+    FuzzedDataProvider fuzzed_data_provider(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    {
+        // Get a transaction and pick the input we'll generate the sighash for from the fuzzer output.
+        std::optional<CMutableTransaction> mtx = ConsumeDeserializable<CMutableTransaction>(fuzzed_data_provider, TX_WITH_WITNESS);
+        if (!mtx) return;
+        const uint32_t in_pos = fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+        if (in_pos >= mtx->vin.size()) return;
+
+        // Make sure at least one of the transaction's inputs has a non-empty witness, as cache.Init()
+        // below needs it. Then take a script code (we don't need it to be valid), a signature version
+        // (which must be anything but APO), and a hash type to use from the fuzzer's output.
+        if (mtx->vin[0].scriptWitness.IsNull()) mtx->vin[0].scriptWitness.stack.push_back({0});
+        const CTransaction tx_to{*mtx};
+        const CScript script_code = ConsumeScript(fuzzed_data_provider);
+        const SigVersion sig_version{fuzzed_data_provider.PickValueInArray({SigVersion::TAPROOT, SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT})};
+        const uint8_t hash_type{fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint8_t>()};
+
+        // Populate the transaction cache with the transaction and dummy spent outputs. The scriptPubkKey
+        // must match the Taproot template for Init() to populate the right fields.
+        PrecomputedTransactionData cache;
+        std::vector<CTxOut> spent_outputs;
+        spent_outputs.reserve(tx_to.vin.size());
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < tx_to.vin.size(); ++i) {
+            CScript script_pubkey;
+            script_pubkey << OP_1 << fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeBytes<uint8_t>(WITNESS_V1_TAPROOT_SIZE);
+            if (script_pubkey.size() != 2 + WITNESS_V1_TAPROOT_SIZE) return;
+            const CAmount value{fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>()};
+            spent_outputs.emplace_back(value, std::move(script_pubkey));
+        }
+        cache.Init(tx_to, std::move(spent_outputs));
+        assert(cache.m_spent_outputs_ready);
+        assert(cache.m_bip341_taproot_ready);
+
+        // Now populate the Script execution data. Annex needs always be populated and tapleaf hash
+        // is only need for Script-path spends.
+        ScriptExecutionData exec_data;
+        exec_data.m_annex_present = false;
+        if (fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeBool()) {
+            if (const auto annex_hash = ConsumeDeserializable<uint256>(fuzzed_data_provider)) {
+                exec_data.m_annex_hash = *annex_hash;
+                exec_data.m_annex_present = true;
+            }
+        }
+        exec_data.m_annex_init = true;
+        if (sig_version == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT) {
+            if (const auto tapleaf_hash = ConsumeDeserializable<uint256>(fuzzed_data_provider)) {
+                exec_data.m_tapleaf_hash = *tapleaf_hash;
+                exec_data.m_tapleaf_hash_init = true;
+            } else {
+                return;
+            }
+            exec_data.m_codeseparator_pos = fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
+            exec_data.m_codeseparator_pos_init = true;
+        }
+
+        // Assert the existing behaviour was conserved with the introduction of the APO logic for
+        // the fully pseudo-random hashtype.
+        uint256 old_sighash, new_sighash;
+        const auto new_res = SignatureHashSchnorr(new_sighash, exec_data, tx_to, in_pos, hash_type, sig_version,
+                                                  KeyVersion::TAPROOT, cache, MissingDataBehavior::ASSERT_FAIL);
+        const auto old_res = OldSignatureHashSchnorr(old_sighash, exec_data, tx_to, in_pos, hash_type, sig_version,
+                                                     cache, MissingDataBehavior::ASSERT_FAIL);
+        assert(new_res == old_res);
+        assert(new_sighash == old_sighash);
+        const auto new_res_h = SignatureHashSchnorr(new_sighash, exec_data, tx_to, in_pos, hash_type, sig_version,
+                                                    KeyVersion::TAPROOT, cache, MissingDataBehavior::ASSERT_FAIL);
+        const auto old_res_h = OldSignatureHashSchnorr(old_sighash, exec_data, tx_to, in_pos, hash_type, sig_version,
+                                                       cache, MissingDataBehavior::ASSERT_FAIL);
+        assert(new_res_h == old_res_h);
+        assert(new_sighash == old_sighash);
+    }
+}