diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index eb00433..de08234 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ version = 3
 
 [[package]]
 name = "accessibility-rs"
-version = "0.0.19"
+version = "0.0.20"
 dependencies = [
  "accessibility-scraper",
  "accessibility-tree",
diff --git a/accessibility-rs/Cargo.toml b/accessibility-rs/Cargo.toml
index b445a9e..f8ba794 100644
--- a/accessibility-rs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/accessibility-rs/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "accessibility-rs"
-version = "0.0.19"
+version = "0.0.20"
 authors = ["The A11yWatch Project Developers", "Jeff Mendez <jeff@a11ywatch.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
diff --git a/accessibility-rs/src/engine/issue.rs b/accessibility-rs/src/engine/issue.rs
index dfed8ce..94ace6b 100644
--- a/accessibility-rs/src/engine/issue.rs
+++ b/accessibility-rs/src/engine/issue.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct Issue {
     /// the context of the issue or raw html
     pub context: String,
     /// the selector to identify the issue with css, xpath, or raw path
-    pub selectors: Vec<&'static str>,
+    pub selectors: Vec<String>,
     /// the type of code for the issue
     pub code: String,
     /// the type of issue
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl Issue {
         context: &str,
         code: &str,
         issue_type: &'static str,
-        selectors: Vec<&'static str>,
+        selectors: Vec<String>,
     ) -> Issue {
         Issue {
             message,
diff --git a/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/rule.rs b/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/rule.rs
index 445c86f..92b7645 100644
--- a/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/rule.rs
+++ b/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/rule.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub struct Validation {
     /// the sub-technique
     pub id: &'static str,
     /// elements that match the issue
-    pub elements: Vec<&'static str>,
+    pub elements: Vec<String>,
     /// the message of the error
     pub message: &'static str,
 }
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl Validation {
     pub fn new(
         valid: bool,
         id: &'static str,
-        elements: Vec<&'static str>,
+        elements: Vec<String>,
         message: &'static str,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
diff --git a/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/wcag_rule_map.rs b/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/wcag_rule_map.rs
index 3ad2455..874d846 100644
--- a/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/wcag_rule_map.rs
+++ b/accessibility-rs/src/engine/rules/wcag_rule_map.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 use crate::engine::rules::rule::{Rule, Validation};
 use crate::engine::rules::techniques::Techniques;
 use crate::engine::rules::wcag_base::{Guideline, IssueType, Principle};
+use crate::ElementRef;
 use accessibility_scraper::Selector;
 use selectors::Element;
 use slotmap::DefaultKey;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use crate::ElementRef;
+
+type ElementNodes<'a> = Vec<(ElementRef<'a>, Option<DefaultKey>)>;
 
 /// a valid alt attribute for image
 fn has_alt(ele: ElementRef<'_>) -> bool {
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ fn has_alt(ele: ElementRef<'_>) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// elements empty
-fn is_empty(nodes: &Vec<(ElementRef<'_>, Option<DefaultKey>)>) -> bool {
+fn is_empty(nodes: &ElementNodes) -> bool {
     let mut empty = false;
     for ele in nodes {
         let ele = ele.0;
@@ -35,6 +37,41 @@ fn is_empty(nodes: &Vec<(ElementRef<'_>, Option<DefaultKey>)>) -> bool {
     empty
 }
 
+/// get the unique selector for an element
+fn get_unique_selector(ele: &ElementRef<'_>) -> String {
+    let mut selector = String::new();
+
+    if ele.has_attribute("id") {
+        selector = ele.attr("id").unwrap_or_default().to_string()
+    }
+
+    if selector.is_empty() && ele.has_attribute("class") {
+        selector = ele.local_name().to_string();
+    }
+
+    if selector.is_empty() {
+        // TODO: get parent selector for node if any
+        selector = ele.value().name().to_string();
+    }
+
+    selector
+}
+
+/// validate missing title
+fn validate_missing_title(nodes: &ElementNodes, id: &'static str) -> Validation {
+    let mut elements = Vec::new();
+    let mut valid = true;
+
+    nodes.iter().for_each(|e| {
+        if e.0.attr("title").unwrap_or_default().is_empty() {
+            valid = false;
+            elements.push(get_unique_selector(&e.0))
+        }
+    });
+
+    Validation::new(valid, id, elements, "")
+}
+
 // todo: validate each element and add a shape that can prevent repitiion
 lazy_static! {
     /// a list of rules that should be applied for WCAG1
@@ -119,12 +156,12 @@ lazy_static! {
             ])),
             ("iframe", Vec::from([
                 Rule::new(Techniques::H64, IssueType::Error, Principle::Operable, Guideline::Navigable, "1", |_rule, nodes| {
-                   Validation::new_issue(nodes.iter().all(|e| !e.0.attr("title").unwrap_or_default().is_empty()), "")
+                    validate_missing_title(nodes, "1")
                 }),
             ])),
             ("frame", Vec::from([
                 Rule::new(Techniques::H64, IssueType::Error, Principle::Operable, Guideline::Navigable, "1", |_rule, nodes| {
-                    Validation::new_issue(nodes.iter().all(|e| !e.0.attr("title").unwrap_or_default().is_empty()), "")
+                    validate_missing_title(nodes, "1")
                 }),
             ])),
             ("form", Vec::from([
diff --git a/accessibility-rs/tests/unit/meta.rs b/accessibility-rs/tests/unit/meta.rs
index ca98690..1cca6ce 100644
--- a/accessibility-rs/tests/unit/meta.rs
+++ b/accessibility-rs/tests/unit/meta.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ fn _iframe_missing_title() {
         }
     }
 
+    // this should be valid
     assert_eq!(valid, true);
+
     let config = AuditConfig::new(
         r###"<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
     <head>
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ fn _iframe_missing_title() {
     </head>
     <frameset cols="10%, 90%">
       <frame src="nav.html" />
-      <frame src="doc.html" />
+      <frame src="doc.html" id="doc" />
       <noframes>
         <body>
           <a href="lib.html" title="Library link">Select to