Call out errors in "Errors in Tired Light Cosmology" (#261)

Merging "Call out Errors in TL cosmology"

code/marmet_l/cosmology-calculators.html

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ <h2>Discussion</h2>
             <a href="https://www.websiteout.net/counter.php" target="_blank"><small>https://www.websiteout.net/counter.php</small></a><br>
             <br>
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-            © 2020--2023 Louis Marmet<br>
+            © 2020–2024 Louis Marmet<br>
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conferences/ccc1/index.md

@@ -237,4 +237,4 @@ Eugene Savov
 
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-© 2018--2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG

conferences/ccc2/index.md

@@ -162,5 +162,5 @@ poster papers
 
 
 
-© 2018--2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG
 

essays/index.md

@@ -120,4 +120,4 @@ Portugal for the First Crisis In Cosmology Conference June 23-25.
 
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-© 2020–2023 ACG
+© 2020–2024 ACG

essays/marmet_l/criteria-for-a-scientific-model.md

@@ -105,4 +105,4 @@ These criteria are essential for the productive development of a cosmological mo
 
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-© 2020–2023 Louis Marmet
+© 2020–2024 Louis Marmet

essays/marmet_l/rejecting-the-blurriness-criticism.md

@@ -124,6 +124,6 @@ Other types of redshift mechanisms are possible, but to be valid it must reprodu
 
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-© 2020–2023 Louis Marmet
+© 2020–2024 Louis Marmet
 
 [^1]: Based on the Kramers-Kronig relations, which are a different way to express conservation of energy and momentum.

index.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ While technological progress has made possible observations of the cosmos in gre
 - discussions with established astrophysicists and philosophers,
 - examination of the methodology used for modeling and interpreting data.
 
-After decades of development, ΛCDM cosmology is akin to an iceberg hiding 95% of its content under some unknown new physics, a situation that [has been qualified as “embarrassing”](https://cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/161) by leading cosmologists. From the era of astronomers and cosmologists such as Edwin Hubble, Fritz Zwicky, Fred Hoyle and Halton Arp to the era of Alan Guth, Jim Peebles, and Adam Riess, cosmology has dramatically lost its explanatory power and increased its dependence on free parameters, unobservable objects, and untestable forces. In search of a solution, ACG encourages a dialogue with every scientist, as progress will be served best by attempting to engage as many specialists as possible. You are especially welcome to join ACG if you have published work for the development of contemporary cosmology.
+After decades of development, ΛCDM cosmology is akin to an iceberg hiding 95% of its content under some unknown new physics, a situation that [has been qualified as “embarrassing”](https://cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/161) by leading cosmologists. From the era of astronomers and cosmologists such as Edwin Hubble, Fritz Zwicky, Fred Hoyle, and Halton Arp to the era of Alan Guth, Jim Peebles, Adam Riess, and Ed Witten, cosmology has dramatically lost its explanatory power and increased its dependence on free parameters, unobservable objects, and untestable forces. In search of a solution, ACG encourages a dialogue with every scientist, as progress will be served best by attempting to engage as many specialists as possible. You are especially welcome to join ACG if you have published work for the development of contemporary cosmology.
 
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media/open-letter-on-cosmology.html

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ <h1>Open Letter on Cosmology / Cosmology Statement<br>
     <br>
     Updated 2023-7-1<br>
     <br>
-    © 2018--2023 ACG<br>
+    © 2018–2024 ACG<br>
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models/non-expanding-cosmologies/index.md

@@ -78,4 +78,4 @@ parent: Cosmological Models
 
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-© 2018--2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG

models/spectral-redshift-cosmologies/index.md

@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ Models based on the [redshift relationship](http://www.astro.ucla.edu/%7Ewright/
 
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-© 2018--2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG

models/time-dependent-cosmologies/index.md

@@ -114,4 +114,4 @@ parent: Cosmological Models
 
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-© 2018--2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG

redshift/index.md

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 title: Redshift Models
 layout: default
 nav_order: 5
+has_children: true
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 # Redshift Models
@@ -20,6 +21,16 @@ A collection of redshift models and representative papers classified by type.
 
 *This is not meant to be a complete list of all proposed redshift models.*
 
+
+
+## Preface
+
+### A rebuttal of criticism of tired light
+
+
+[Errors in "Errors in Tired Light Cosmology"](rebut/errorswright.md)
+
+
 ## Models based on *d(hν) = – H (hν) dt*
 (C.f. ***Nernst 1937***, [auf Deutsch](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01339902), [in English](http://redshift.vif.com/JournalFiles/Pre2001/V02NO3PDF/V02N3NER.PDF))
 
@@ -339,4 +350,4 @@ The speed of light changes with time
 
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-© 2018--2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG

redshift/rebut/errorswright.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+title: Errors in "Errors in Tired Light Cosmology"
+layout: default
+nav_order: 1
+parent: Redshift Models
+---
+
+The oft-cited and highly-ranked "Errors in Tired Light Cosmology" [blog post](https://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/tiredlit.htm) (2008) by Edward L. Wright is an inaccurate critique of the tired light hypothesis.
+
+The errors in "Errors in Tired Light Cosmology" prolong the [crisis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjo7VrR3puA) in cosmology and must be dispelled.
+
+___
+
+> "Tired light models invoke a gradual energy loss by photons as they travel through the cosmos to produce the redshift-distance law."
+
+Tired light models do not "invoke", they *hypothesize* a gradual energy loss by photons as they travel intergalactic space to produce the redshift-distance trend.
+
+___
+
+> "This has three main problems: There is no known interaction that can degrade a photon's energy without also changing its momentum, which leads to a blurring of distant objects which is not observed. The Compton shift in particular does not work."
+
+The argument that tired light has a problem because "there is no known interaction that can degrade a photon's energy and avoid blurring" is false. There are interactions that avoid blurring including gravitational redshift, magnetic redshift, and the redshift of a photon reflecting off a mirror.
+
+Where is the author's proof that redshift without blurring is an impossibility?
+
+Big bang cosmologists repeatedly level the "lack of blurriness" criticism, and aside from their criticism being falsified by elementary counterexamples, it must be noted what a lack of feeling for exploration they have, for them to think that no known interaction for a new phenomenon would mean that there couldn't be a new one.
+
+An idea like tired light is precious and should have been nurtured.
+
+Also, there exists the phenomenon of dispersion (dispersion measure, dispersion slope), where photons arrive delayed depending on the intergalactic medium (column of electrons, ions, and magnetic field), and evidently, galaxies are not blurred. It is known that photons can pass through a column of electrons without blurring.
+
+___
+
+> "The tired light model does not predict the observed time dilation of high redshift supernova light curves."
+
+The studies that claimed time dilation of high redshift supernova light curves might have subtle errors due to calibration of the light curves (see SALT2 calibration).
+
+The study might also have subtle errors because its claim requires the 'dubious' and 'disturbing' (choice words of Edwin Hubble) assumption that the red-shifts are velocity-shifts. Do not forget or inure to how absurd the theories of superluminal galactic recession and space expansion are. Opinions like "the universe is under no obligation to make sense to you" are dogma when the history of science shows many an absurd theory to be false and many a true theory to be not absurd but grand.
+
+___
+
+> "The tired light model can not produce a blackbody spectrum for the Cosmic Microwave Background without some incredible coincidences."
+
+This falsely assumes that tired light has to explain the CMB spectrum. Meanwhile, the alternative galactic-recession-expanding-space hypothesis is incapable of explaining the CMB parsimoniously (see "cosmic inflation").
+
+First, a single-digit Kelvin background was predicted before the proposal of the Big Bang Theory and [long before](https://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~assis/Apeiron-V2-p79-84(1995).pdf) the measurements of Penzias and Wilson. Big bang cosmologists were not the first to predict the CMB, and neither the most accurate.
+
+Second, the source of the cosmic microwave background has not been proven to be some multi-billion-light-year distance away from the Milky Way. There remains a possibility the CMB-emitter is nearer the Milky Way, as in within a 100 Mly radius.
+
+> "Thus in the tired light model the energy of the CMB photons will go down but the density will not go down to match the density of a cooler blackbody."
+
+There is 
+- a false assumption that the CMB photons were emitted many billions of light years away, and thus 
+- a false premise that tired light has to explain CMB photons traveling gigalightyear distances, and thus 
+- a farcical accusation that tired light is unable to explain them.
+
+> "The local Universe is transparent and has a wide range of temperatures, so it does not produce a blackbody, which requires an isothermal absorbing situation."
+
+It is a faulty argument that a large volume of space (the local universe) has a wide range of temperatures but cannot be isothermal in a portion of it. The local universe can be transparent and can have a region at 2.7 K.
+
+Where is the author's proof that the local universe cannot have a 2.7K-microwave-emitter that does not block other frequency photons?
+
+> "So the CMB must have come from a far away part of the Universe"
+
+This is not true. There remains a possibility the CMB is a supercluster-sized phenomenon, and the CMB-emitter occupies the local 100-Mly-radius volume.
+
+___
+
+> "The tired light model fails the Tolman surface brightness test"
+
+The tired light model does not. The studies arguing otherwise suffer from [biases](https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.0525) including Malmquist bias (instrument-sensitivity-floor leading to biased detection of brighter objects) and expanding-space-hypothesis-calibrated-time-dilation-factor-inserted distance data.
+
+In summary, tired light without blurring is not impossible, tired light does not conflict with the CMB, big bang cosmology's claims of the CMB source and CMB distance are flawed, and the surface brightness of galaxies does not conflict with the hypothesis of photons redshifting while traversing non-expanding (an adjective which shouldn't need saying), 3D space.
+
+2024-09-13
+
+---
+
+© 2018–2024 ACG

resources/index.md

@@ -170,4 +170,4 @@ The latest measurements of the Hubble constant make the Big Bang account of the
 
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-© 2018-2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG

resources/marmet_l/reviewed-publications.md

@@ -282,4 +282,4 @@ The Age of Large Globular Clusters of Galaxies F. Zwicky, Publications of the As
 
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-© 2018–2023 Louis Marmet
+© 2018–2024 Louis Marmet

resources/marmet_l/tension-with-models.md

@@ -231,4 +231,4 @@ expected.
 
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-© Louis Marmet 2020–2023
+© Louis Marmet 2020–2024

video/index.md

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-© 2018-2023 ACG
+© 2018–2024 ACG