这里是一些在 Kotlin 中经常使用的习语。如果你有特别喜欢的习语想要贡献出来,赶快发起 pull request 吧。
data class Customer(val name: String, val email: String)
给 Customer 类提供如下方法:
--为所有属性添加 getters ,如果为 var 类型同时添加 setters --
equals()
--haseCode()
--toString()
--copy()
--component1()
,component1()
, ... 参看数据类
fun foo(a: Int = 0, b: String = "") {...}
val positives = list.filter { x -> x >0 }
或者更短:
val positives = list.filter { it > 0 }
println("Name $name")
when (x) {
is Foo -> ...
is Bar -> ...
else -> ...
}
for ((k, v) in map) {
print("$k -> $v")
}
k,v 可以随便命名
for (i in 1..100) { ... } // 闭区间: 包括100
for (i in 1 until 100) { ... } // 半开区间: 不包括100
for (x in 2..10 step 2) { ... }
for (x in 10 downTo 1) { ... }
if (x in 1..10) { ... }
for (i in 1..100) { ... }
for (i in 2..10) { ... }
val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")
val map = mapOf("a" to 1, "b" to 2, "c" to 3)
println(map["key"])
map["key"] = value
val p: String by lazy {
// 生成string的值
}
fun String.spcaceToCamelCase() { ... }
"Convert this to camelcase".spcaceToCamelCase()
object Resource {
val name = "Name"
}
val files = File("Test").listFiles()
println(files?.size)
val files = File("test").listFiles()
println(files?.size ?: "empty")
val data = ...
val email = data["email"] ?: throw IllegalStateException("Email is missing!")
val date = ...
data?.let{
...//如果不为空执行该语句块
}
fun transform(color: String): Int {
return when(color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
}
fun test() {
val result = try {
count()
}catch (e: ArithmeticException) {
throw IllegaStateException(e)
}
//处理 result
}
fun foo(param: Int){
val result = if (param == 1) {
"one"
} else if (param == 2) {
"two"
} else {
"three"
}
}
fun arrOfMinusOnes(size: Int): IntArray{
return IntArray(size).apply{ fill(-1) }
}
fun theAnswer() = 42
与下面的语句是等效的
fun theAnswer(): Int {
return 42
}
这个可以和其它习惯用语组合成高效简洁的代码。譬如说 when 表达式:
fun transform(color: String): Int = when (color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
class Turtle {
fun penDown()
fun penUp()
fun turn(degrees: Double)
fun forward(pixels: Double)
}
val myTurtle = Turtle()
with(myTurtle) { // 画一个100像素的正方形
penDown()
for(i in 1..4) {
forward(100.0)
turn(90.0)
}
penUp()
}
val stream = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("/some/file.txt"))
stream.buffered().reader().use { reader ->
println(reader.readText())
}
// public final class Gson {
// ...
// public <T> T fromJson(JsonElement json, Class<T> classOfT) throws JsonSyntaxException {
// ...
inline fun <reified T: Any> Gson.fromJson(json): T = this.fromJson(json, T::class.java)
val b: Boolean? = ...
if (b == true) {
...
} else {
// `b` 是false或者null
}