diff --git a/src/PositionManager.sol b/src/PositionManager.sol
index 9851bf1d..5b4648fd 100644
--- a/src/PositionManager.sol
+++ b/src/PositionManager.sol
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ import {Permit2Forwarder} from "./base/Permit2Forwarder.sol";
 import {Multicall_v4} from "./base/Multicall_v4.sol";
 
 contract PositionManager is IPositionManager, PositionActionsRouter, PoolInitializer, Permit2Forwarder, Multicall_v4 {
-    constructor(IPoolManager _poolManager, IAllowanceTransfer _permit2) PositionActionsRouter(_poolManager, _permit2) {}
+    constructor(IPoolManager _poolManager, IAllowanceTransfer _permit2)
+        PositionActionsRouter(_poolManager)
+        Permit2Forwarder(_permit2)
+    {}
 
     /// @inheritdoc IPositionManager
     function modifyLiquidities(bytes calldata unlockData, uint256 deadline)
diff --git a/src/base/Permit2Forwarder.sol b/src/base/Permit2Forwarder.sol
index 31ae1f43..3ef0735e 100644
--- a/src/base/Permit2Forwarder.sol
+++ b/src/base/Permit2Forwarder.sol
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ import {Permit2ImmutableState} from "./Permit2ImmutableState.sol";
 
 /// @notice PermitForwarder allows permitting this contract as a spender on permit2
 /// @dev This contract does not enforce the spender to be this contract, but that is the intended use case
-abstract contract Permit2Forwarder is IPermit2Forwarder, Permit2ImmutableState {
+contract Permit2Forwarder is IPermit2Forwarder, Permit2ImmutableState {
+    constructor(IAllowanceTransfer _permit2) Permit2ImmutableState(_permit2) {}
+
     /// @notice allows forwarding a single permit to permit2
     /// @dev this function is payable to allow multicall with NATIVE based actions
     function permit(address owner, IAllowanceTransfer.PermitSingle calldata permitSingle, bytes calldata signature)
diff --git a/src/base/PositionActionsRouter.sol b/src/base/PositionActionsRouter.sol
index 89ae03fe..17159342 100644
--- a/src/base/PositionActionsRouter.sol
+++ b/src/base/PositionActionsRouter.sol
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {SafeCast} from "@uniswap/v4-core/src/libraries/SafeCast.sol";
 import {Position} from "@uniswap/v4-core/src/libraries/Position.sol";
 import {StateLibrary} from "@uniswap/v4-core/src/libraries/StateLibrary.sol";
 import {TransientStateLibrary} from "@uniswap/v4-core/src/libraries/TransientStateLibrary.sol";
-import {IAllowanceTransfer} from "permit2/src/interfaces/IAllowanceTransfer.sol";
 
 import {ERC721Permit_v4} from "./ERC721Permit_v4.sol";
 import {DeltaResolver} from "./DeltaResolver.sol";
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ import {ReentrancyLock} from "./ReentrancyLock.sol";
 import {Permit2ImmutableState} from "./Permit2ImmutableState.sol";
 import {IPositionActionsRouter} from "../interfaces/IPositionActionsRouter.sol";
 
-contract PositionActionsRouter is
+abstract contract PositionActionsRouter is
     IPositionActionsRouter,
     ERC721Permit_v4,
     DeltaResolver,
@@ -48,9 +47,8 @@ contract PositionActionsRouter is
 
     mapping(uint256 tokenId => bytes32 config) private _positionConfigs;
 
-    constructor(IPoolManager _poolManager, IAllowanceTransfer _permit2)
+    constructor(IPoolManager _poolManager)
         BaseActionsRouter(_poolManager)
-        Permit2ImmutableState(_permit2)
         ERC721Permit_v4("Uniswap V4 Positions NFT", "UNI-V4-POSM")
     {}
 
diff --git a/test/mocks/MockPermit2Forwarder.sol b/test/mocks/MockPermit2Forwarder.sol
deleted file mode 100644
index d02b52f2..00000000
--- a/test/mocks/MockPermit2Forwarder.sol
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
-
-import {IAllowanceTransfer} from "permit2/src/interfaces/IAllowanceTransfer.sol";
-
-import {Permit2Forwarder} from "../../src/base/Permit2Forwarder.sol";
-import {Permit2ImmutableState} from "../../src/base/Permit2ImmutableState.sol";
-
-contract MockPermit2Forwarder is Permit2Forwarder {
-    constructor(IAllowanceTransfer _permit2) Permit2ImmutableState(_permit2) {}
-}
diff --git a/test/position-managers/Permit2Forwarder.t.sol b/test/position-managers/Permit2Forwarder.t.sol
index 025167ba..30f7bbac 100644
--- a/test/position-managers/Permit2Forwarder.t.sol
+++ b/test/position-managers/Permit2Forwarder.t.sol
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import {IAllowanceTransfer} from "permit2/src/interfaces/IAllowanceTransfer.sol"
 
 import {PosmTestSetup} from "../shared/PosmTestSetup.sol";
 import {Permit2SignatureHelpers} from "../shared/Permit2SignatureHelpers.sol";
-import {MockPermit2Forwarder} from "../mocks/MockPermit2Forwarder.sol";
+import {Permit2Forwarder} from "../../src/base/Permit2Forwarder.sol";
 
 contract Permit2ForwarderTest is Test, PosmTestSetup, Permit2SignatureHelpers {
-    MockPermit2Forwarder permit2Forwarder;
+    Permit2Forwarder permit2Forwarder;
 
     uint160 amount0 = 10e18;
     // the expiration of the allowance is large
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ contract Permit2ForwarderTest is Test, PosmTestSetup, Permit2SignatureHelpers {
         (currency0, currency1) = deployAndMint2Currencies();
         // also deploys permit2
         deployPosm(manager);
-        permit2Forwarder = new MockPermit2Forwarder(permit2);
+        permit2Forwarder = new Permit2Forwarder(permit2);
         PERMIT2_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = permit2.DOMAIN_SEPARATOR();
 
         alicePrivateKey = 0x12341234;