GitHub repository: https://github.com/ucsdsysnet/corundum
Google group: https://groups.google.com/d/forum/corundum-nic
Corundum is an open-source, high-performance FPGA-based NIC. Features include a high performance datapath, 10G/25G/100G Ethernet, PCI express gen 3, a custom, high performance, tightly-integrated PCIe DMA engine, many (1000+) transmit, receive, completion, and event queues, scatter/gather DMA, MSI interrupts, multiple interfaces, multiple ports per interface, per-port transmit scheduling including high precision TDMA, flow hashing, RSS, checksum offloading, and native IEEE 1588 PTP timestamping. A Linux driver is included that integrates with the Linux networking stack. Development and debugging is facilitated by an extensive simulation framework that covers the entire system from a simulation model of the driver and PCI express interface on one side to the Ethernet interfaces on the other side.
Corundum has several unique architectural features. First, transmit, receive, completion, and event queue states are stored efficiently in block RAM or ultra RAM, enabling support for thousands of individually-controllable queues. These queues are associated with interfaces, and each interface can have multiple ports, each with its own independent scheduler. This enables extremely fine-grained control over packet transmission. Coupled with PTP time synchronization, this enables high precision TDMA.
Corundum currently supports Xilinx Virtex 7, UltraScale, and UltraScale+ series devices. Designs are included for the following FPGA boards:
- Alpha Data ADM-PCIE-9V3 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCVU3P)
- Exablaze ExaNIC X10 (Xilinx Kintex UltraScale XCKU035)
- Exablaze ExaNIC X25 (Xilinx Kintex UltraScale+ XCKU3P)
- NetFPGA SUME (Xilinx Virtex 7 XC7V690T)
- Xilinx VCU108 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale XCVU095)
- Xilinx VCU118 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCVU9P)
- Xilinx VCU1525 (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ XCVU9P)
For operation at 10G and 25G, Corundum uses the open source 10G/25G MAC and PHY modules from the verilog-ethernet repository, no extra licenses are required. However, it is possible to use other MAC and/or PHY modules. Operation at 100G currently requires using the Xilinx CMAC core with RS-FEC enabled, which is covered by the free CMAC license on Xilinx UltraScale+ parts.
Block diagram of the Corundum NIC. PCIe HIP: PCIe hard IP core; AXIL M: AXI lite master; DMA IF: DMA interface; PTP HC: PTP hardware clock; TXQ: transmit queue manager; TXCQ: transmit completion queue manager; RXQ: receive queue manager; RXCQ: receive completion queue manager; EQ: event queue manager; MAC + PHY: Ethernet media access controller (MAC) and physical interface layer (PHY).
Frame pad module for 512 bit 100G CMAC TX interface. Zero pads transmit frames to minimum 64 bytes.
Completion operation multiplexer module. Merges completion write operations from different sources to enable sharing a single cpl_write module instance.
Completion queue manager module. Stores device to host queue state in block RAM or ultra RAM.
Completion write module. Responsible for enqueuing completion and event records into the completion queue managers and writing records into host memory via DMA.
Descriptor fetch module. Responsible for dequeuing descriptors from the queue managers and reading descriptors from host memory via DMA.
Descriptor operation multiplexer module. Merges descriptor fetch operations from different sources to enable sharing a single desc_fetch module instance.
Event mux module. Enables multiple event sources to feed the same event queue.
Interface module. Contains the event queues, interface queues, and ports.
Port module. Contains the transmit and receive datapath components, including transmit and receive engines and checksum and hash offloading.
Queue manager module. Stores host to device queue state in block RAM or ultra RAM.
Receive checksum computation module. Computes 16 bit checksum of Ethernet frame payload to aid in IP checksum offloading.
Receive engine. Manages receive datapath operations including descriptor dequeue and fetch via DMA, packet reception, data writeback via DMA, and completion enqueue and writeback via DMA. Handles PTP timestamps for inclusion in completion records.
Receive hash computation module. Extracts IP addresses and ports from packet headers and computes 32 bit Toeplitz flow hash.
TDMA bit error ratio (BER) test channel module. Controls PRBS logic in Ethernet PHY and accumulates bit errors. Can be configured to bin error counts by TDMA timeslot.
TDMA bit error ratio (BER) test module. Wrapper for a tdma_scheduler and multiple instances of tdma_ber_ch.
TDMA scheduler module. Generates TDMA timeslot index and timing signals from PTP time.
Transmit checksum computation and insertion module. Computes 16 bit checksum of frame data with specified start offset, then inserts computed checksum at the specified position.
Transmit engine. Manages transmit datapath operations including descriptor dequeue and fetch via DMA, packet data fetch via DMA, packet transmission, and completion enqueue and writeback via DMA. Handles PTP timestamps for inclusion in completion records.
TDMA transmit scheduler control module. Controls queues in a transmit scheduler based on PTP time, via a tdma_scheduler instance.
Round-robin transmit scheduler. Determines which queues from which to send packets.
cmac_pad.v : Pad frames to 64 bytes for CMAC TX
cpl_op_mux.v : Completion operation mux
cpl_queue_manager.v : Completion queue manager
cpl_write.v : Completion write module
desc_fetch.v : Descriptor fetch module
desc_op_mux.v : Descriptor operation mux
event_mux.v : Event mux
event_queue.v : Event queue
interface.v : Interface
port.v : Port
queue_manager.v : Queue manager
rx_checksum.v : Receive checksum offload
rx_engine.v : Receive engine
rx_hash.v : Receive hashing module
tdma_ber_ch.v : TDMA BER channel
tdma_ber.v : TDMA BER
tdma_scheduler.v : TDMA scheduler
tx_checksum.v : Transmit checksum offload
tx_engine.v : Transmit engine
tx_scheduler_ctrl_tdma.v : TDMA transmit scheduler controller
tx_scheduler_rr.v : Round robin transmit scheduler
Running the included testbenches requires MyHDL and Icarus Verilog. Make sure that myhdl.vpi is installed properly for cosimulation to work correctly. The testbenches can be run with a Python test runner like nose or py.test, or the individual test scripts can be run with python directly.
tb/axi.py : MyHDL AXI4 master and memory BFM
tb/axil.py : MyHDL AXI4 lite master and memory BFM
tb/axis_ep.py : MyHDL AXI Stream endpoints
tb/eth_ep.py : MyHDL Ethernet frame endpoints
tb/ip_ep.py : MyHDL IP frame endpoints
tb/mqnic.py : MyHDL mqnic driver model
tb/pcie.py : MyHDL PCI Express BFM
tb/pcie_us.py : MyHDL Xilinx UltraScale PCIe core model
tb/pcie_usp.py : MyHDL Xilinx UltraScale+ PCIe core model
tb/ptp.py : MyHDL PTP clock model
tb/udp_ep.py : MyHDL UDP frame endpoints
tb/xgmii_ep.py : MyHDL XGMII endpoints
- A. Forencich, A. C. Snoeren, G. Porter, G. Papen, Corundum: An Open-Source 100-Gbps NIC, in FCCM'20, Paper, Slides
If you use Corundum in your project please cite one of the following papers and/or link to the github project:
@inproceedings{forencich2020fccm,
author = {Alex Forencich and Alex C. Snoeren and George Porter and George Papen},
title = {Corundum: An Open-Source {100-Gbps} {NIC}},
booktitle = {28th IEEE International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines},
year = {2020},
}
@phdthesis{forencich2020thesis,
author = {John Alexander Forencich},
title = {System-Level Considerations for Optical Switching in Data Center Networks},
school = {UC San Diego},
year = {2020},
url = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/???},
}
Corundum internally uses the following libraries: