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Rudra

Rudra is a static analyzer to detect common undefined behaviors in Rust programs. It is capable of analyzing single Rust packages as well as all the packages on crates.io.

Rudra and its associated paper received the Distinguished Artifact Award at the 28th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles 2021 (SOSP '21). (PDF, short talk, long talk)

You can find the list of bugs found by Rudra at Rudra-PoC repository.

Usage

The easiest way to use Rudra is to use Docker.

  1. First, make sure your system has Docker and Python 3 installed.
  2. Add rudra:latest image on your system. There are two ways of doing this:
    • docker pull ghcr.io/sslab-gatech/rudra:master && docker tag ghcr.io/sslab-gatech/rudra:master rudra:latest
    • Alternatively, you can build your own image with docker build . -t rudra:latest
  3. Run ./setup_rudra_runner_home.py <directory> and set RUDRA_RUNNER_HOME to that directory. Example: ./setup_rudra_runner_home.py ~/rudra-home && export RUDRA_RUNNER_HOME=$HOME/rudra-home.
    • There are two scripts, ./setup_rudra_runner_home.py and ./setup_rudra_runner_home_fixed.py. In general, ./setup_rudra_runner_home.py should be used unless you want to reproduce the result of the paper with a fixed cargo index.
  4. Add docker-helper in Rudra repository to $PATH. Now you are ready to test Rudra!

For development, you might want to install Rudra on your host system. See DEV.md for advanced usage and development guide.

Run Rudra on a single project

docker-cargo-rudra <directory>

The log and report are printed to stderr by default.

Run Rudra as GitHub Action

Rudra can be run as a GitHub Action allowing the static analyze to be used in an Action workflow.

# Run Rudra
- name: Rudra
  uses: sslab-gatech/Rudra@master

Run Rudra with different compiler version

Rudra is tied to a specific Rust compiler version, and it can only analyze projects that compiles with this version of the compiler. master branch uses nightly-2021-08-20 version of Rust right now. Check the version page for all supported versions.

Known Issues

  • Rudra does not support workspaces (#11). You can install Rudra on your host system (see DEV.md) and run analysis in the subdirectories to sidestep the problem for now.
  • Rudra does not support edition 2021 yet (#19).
  • Rudra does not support suppressing warnings in specific locations. This could cause a usability issue when used in CI/CD due to false positives.

Bug Types Detected by Rudra

Rudra currently detects the following bug types. For the full detail, please check our SOSP 2021 paper.

Panic Safety (Unsafe code that can create memory-safety issues when panicked)

Detects when unsafe code may lead to memory safety issues if a user provided closure or trait panics. For example, consider a function that dereferences a pointer with ptr::read, duplicating its ownership and then calls a user provided function f. This can lead to a double-free if the function f panics.

See this section of the Rustonomicon for more details.

while idx < len {
    let ch = unsafe { self.get_unchecked(idx..len).chars().next().unwrap() };
    let ch_len = ch.len_utf8();

    // Call to user provided predicate function f that can panic.
    if !f(ch) {
        del_bytes += ch_len;
    } else if del_bytes > 0 {
        unsafe {
            ptr::copy(
                self.vec.as_ptr().add(idx),
                self.vec.as_mut_ptr().add(idx - del_bytes),
                ch_len,
            );
        }
    }

    // Point idx to the next char
    idx += ch_len;
}

Example: rust#78498

Higher Order Invariant (Assumed properties about traits)

When code assumes certain properties about trait methods that aren't enforced, such as expecting the Borrow trait to return the same reference on multiple calls to borrow.

let mut g = Guard { len: buf.len(), buf }; 
// ...
  Ok(n) => g.len += n,

Example: rust#80894

Send Sync Variance (Unrestricted Send or Sync on generic types)

This occurs when a type generic over T implements Send or Sync without having correct bounds on T.

unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send, U: ?Sized> Send for MappedMutexGuard<'_, T, U> {} 
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Sync, U: ?Sized> Sync for MappedMutexGuard<'_, T, U> {}

Example: futures#2239

Bugs Found by Rudra

Rudra was ran on the entirety of crates.io state as of July 4th, 2020 as well as the Rust standard library from nightly-2020-08-26. It managed to find 264 new memory safety issues across the Rust ecosystem which resulted in 76 CVEs.

The details of these bugs can be found in the Rudra-PoC repo.

License

Licensed under either of

at your option.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.