diff --git a/mind_palace/app.py b/mind_palace/app.py
index e5e7423..5423d3b 100644
--- a/mind_palace/app.py
+++ b/mind_palace/app.py
@@ -56,7 +56,10 @@ def load_index(model):
 
             st.markdown("### Sources")
             for i, source_node in enumerate(response.source_nodes):
-                with st.expander(f"[{i + 1}] {source_node.node.node_id}"):
-                    st.write(f"relevancy score: {source_node.score}")
+                with st.expander(f"[{i + 1}] {source_node.node.metadata['citation']}"):
+                    if source_node.metadata["paragraph_number"]:
+                        st.write(
+                            f"paragraph number: {source_node.metadata['paragraph_number']}"
+                        )
                     st.write("original text:")
                     st.write(source_node.node.get_text().split(":", 1)[1])
diff --git a/mind_palace/docs.py b/mind_palace/docs.py
index a62fa5f..f942180 100644
--- a/mind_palace/docs.py
+++ b/mind_palace/docs.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from llama_index.schema import TextNode, NodeRelationship, RelatedNodeInfo
 import grobid_tei_xml
+from llama_index.schema import NodeRelationship, RelatedNodeInfo, TextNode
 
 
 def load_tei_xml(file_path):
@@ -8,6 +8,22 @@ def load_tei_xml(file_path):
         return grobid_tei_xml.parse_document_xml(xml_file.read())
 
 
+def cite_authors(xml):
+    first_author = xml.header.authors[0]
+    first_author_display_name = f"{first_author.surname}, {first_author.given_name}"
+    return first_author_display_name + (
+        ", et al" if len(xml.header.authors) > 1 else ""
+    )
+
+
+def cite_journal(xml):
+    return f"{xml.header.journal_abbrev} {xml.header.date};{xml.header.volume}({xml.header.issue}). doi:{xml.header.doi}"
+
+
+def cite(xml):
+    return f"{cite_authors(xml)}. {xml.header.title}. {cite_journal(xml)}."
+
+
 def title(xml, doc_id):
     return TextNode(
         text=xml.header.title,
@@ -44,6 +60,7 @@ def body(xml, doc_id):
     return [
         TextNode(
             text=line,
+            metadata={"paragraph_number": index + 1},
             id_=f"{doc_id}-body-paragraph-{index}",
         )
         for index, line in enumerate(xml.body.split("\n"))
@@ -64,3 +81,21 @@ def set_relationships(title_node, abstract_node, body_nodes):
     set_prev_relationships(body_nodes)
     set_next_relationships(body_nodes)
     return
+
+
+def _set_citation_metadata(citation, node):
+    node.metadata["citation"] = citation
+    return
+
+
+def set_citations(xml, nodes):
+    citation = cite(xml)
+    for node in nodes:
+        if isinstance(node, list):
+            for sub_node in node:
+                _set_citation_metadata(citation, sub_node)
+            continue
+        else:
+            _set_citation_metadata(citation, node)
+
+    return
diff --git a/mind_palace/extract.py b/mind_palace/extract.py
index 79cd5db..7100c9b 100644
--- a/mind_palace/extract.py
+++ b/mind_palace/extract.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
-from llama_index.schema import TextNode
 
 import docs
+from llama_index.schema import TextNode
 
 
 def _gen_document_dict(file_path) -> dict[str, TextNode]:
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ def _gen_document_dict(file_path) -> dict[str, TextNode]:
         body_nodes = docs.body(xml, doi)
 
         docs.set_relationships(title_node, abstract_node, body_nodes)
+        docs.set_citations(xml=xml, nodes=[title_node, abstract_node, body_nodes])
+
         return {
             "title": title_node,
             "abstract": abstract_node,
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_docs.py b/tests/unit/test_docs.py
index fc7547d..3d6d3d2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_docs.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_docs.py
@@ -1,10 +1,41 @@
-from tests.context import docs
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
 import grobid_tei_xml.types as grobid_types
-from llama_index.schema import TextNode, NodeRelationship
+from llama_index.schema import NodeRelationship, TextNode
+
+from tests.context import docs
 
 XML_PATH = "./resources/xmls/12-pdfs-from-steve-aug-22/"
 
 
+def test_cite_authors():
+    xml = MagicMock()
+    xml.header.authors = [
+        MagicMock(surname="Doe", given_name="John"),
+        MagicMock(surname="Smith", given_name="Jane"),
+    ]
+    assert docs.cite_authors(xml) == "Doe, John, et al"
+
+    xml.header.authors = [MagicMock(surname="Doe", given_name="John")]
+    assert docs.cite_authors(xml) == "Doe, John"
+
+
+def test_cite():
+    xml = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch("docs.cite_authors", return_value="Doe, John"):
+        xml.header.title = "This is a title"
+        xml.header.journal_abbrev = "J. Abbrev."
+        xml.header.date = "2023"
+        xml.header.volume = "1"
+        xml.header.issue = "9"
+        xml.header.doi = "10.1234/1234"
+        assert (
+            docs.cite(xml)
+            == "Doe, John. This is a title. J. Abbrev. 2023;1(9). doi:10.1234/1234."
+        )
+
+
 def gen_nodes():
     return [
         TextNode(text="this is first"),
@@ -63,6 +94,21 @@ def test_node_relationships():
         )
 
 
+def test_set_citations():
+    xml = docs.load_tei_xml(
+        XML_PATH
+        + "2010_PhysRevLett_Pulsating Tandem Microbubble for Localized and Directional Single-Cell Membrane Poration.pdf.tei.xml"
+    )
+    title_node = TextNode(text="this is title")
+    abstract_node = TextNode(text="this is abstract")
+    body_nodes = gen_nodes()
+    docs.set_citations(xml=xml, nodes=[title_node, abstract_node, body_nodes])
+    assert title_node.metadata["citation"] == docs.cite(xml)
+    assert abstract_node.metadata["citation"] == docs.cite(xml)
+    for body_node in body_nodes:
+        assert body_node.metadata["citation"] == docs.cite(xml)
+
+
 def test_load_tei_xml():
     xml = docs.load_tei_xml(
         XML_PATH