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learn-more-about-react-1.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html style="display: none;" lang="zh">
<head>
<!--<meta name="google-site-verification" content="Gqq8bcz18JexfyTrefRi_JcHDmR8qCtN-v5Tn6M8a7Q" />-->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!--
© Material Theme
https://github.com/viosey/hexo-theme-material
Version: 1.5.0 -->
<script>
window.materialVersion = "1.5.0"
// Delete localstorage with these tags
window.oldVersion = [
'codestartv1',
'1.3.4',
'1.4.0',
'1.4.0b1'
]
</script>
<!-- dns prefetch -->
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/viosey/hexo-theme-material@latest/source"/>
<!-- Title -->
<title>
深入学习React(一) |
Zhangdi'Blog --- 爱技术爱折腾,无折腾不技术.
</title>
<!-- Meta & Info -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#0097A7">
<meta name="author" content="Zeddy">
<meta name="description" itemprop="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content=",React">
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<script>(function(){window.lsloader={jsRunSequence:[],jsnamemap:{},cssnamemap:{}};lsloader.removeLS=function(key){try{localStorage.removeItem(key)}catch(e){}};lsloader.setLS=function(key,val){try{localStorage.setItem(key,val)}catch(e){}};lsloader.getLS=function(key){var val="";try{val=localStorage.getItem(key)}catch(e){val=""}return val};versionString="/*"+(window.materialVersion||"unknownVersion")+"*/";lsloader.clean=function(){try{var keys=[];for(var i=0;i<localStorage.length;i++){keys.push(localStorage.key(i))}keys.forEach(function(key){var data=lsloader.getLS(key);if(window.oldVersion){var remove=window.oldVersion.reduce(function(p,c){return p||data.indexOf("/*"+c+"*/")!==-1},false);if(remove){lsloader.removeLS(key)}}})}catch(e){}};lsloader.clean();lsloader.load=function(jsname,jspath,cssonload,isJs){if(typeof cssonload==="boolean"){isJs=cssonload;cssonload=undefined}isJs=isJs||false;cssonload=cssonload||function(){};var 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<!-- Import queue -->
<script>function Queue(){this.dataStore=[];this.offer=b;this.poll=d;this.execNext=a;this.debug=false;this.startDebug=c;function b(e){if(this.debug){console.log("Offered a Queued Function.")}if(typeof e==="function"){this.dataStore.push(e)}else{console.log("You must offer a function.")}}function d(){if(this.debug){console.log("Polled a Queued Function.")}return this.dataStore.shift()}function a(){var e=this.poll();if(e!==undefined){if(this.debug){console.log("Run a Queued Function.")}e()}}function c(){this.debug=true}}var queue=new Queue();</script>
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<link rel="icon shortcut" type="image/ico" href="/img/favicon.png">
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/img/favicon.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/img/favicon.png">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Title">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="480">
<!-- Add to homescreen for Chrome on Android -->
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<!-- Add to homescreen for Safari on iOS -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Zhangdi'Blog --- 爱技术爱折腾,无折腾不技术.">
<!-- Site Verification -->
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="Gqq8bcz18JexfyTrefRi_JcHDmR8qCtN-v5Tn6M8a7Q" />
<!-- RSS -->
<!--[if lte IE 9]>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/ie-blocker.css">
<script src="/js/ie-blocker.zhCN.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- Import CSS -->
<style id="material_css"></style><script>if(typeof window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums === "undefined")window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums = 0;window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums++;lsloader.load("material_css","//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/viosey/hexo-theme-material@latest/source/css/material.min.css",function(){if(typeof window.lsLoadCSSNums === "undefined")window.lsLoadCSSNums = 0;window.lsLoadCSSNums++;if(window.lsLoadCSSNums == window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums)document.documentElement.style.display="";}, false)</script>
<style id="style_css"></style><script>if(typeof window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums === "undefined")window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums = 0;window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums++;lsloader.load("style_css","//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/viosey/hexo-theme-material@latest/source/css/style.min.css",function(){if(typeof window.lsLoadCSSNums === "undefined")window.lsLoadCSSNums = 0;window.lsLoadCSSNums++;if(window.lsLoadCSSNums == window.lsLoadCSSMaxNums)document.documentElement.style.display="";}, false)</script>
<!-- Config CSS -->
<!-- Other Styles -->
<style>
body, html {
font-family: Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "微软雅黑", Arial, sans-serif;
overflow-x: hidden !important;
}
code {
font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace;
}
a {
color: #00838F;
}
.mdl-card__media,
#search-label,
#search-form-label:after,
#scheme-Paradox .hot_tags-count,
#scheme-Paradox .sidebar_archives-count,
#scheme-Paradox .sidebar-colored .sidebar-header,
#scheme-Paradox .sidebar-colored .sidebar-badge{
background-color: #0097A7 !important;
}
/* Sidebar User Drop Down Menu Text Color */
#scheme-Paradox .sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav>.dropdown>.dropdown-menu>li>a:hover,
#scheme-Paradox .sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav>.dropdown>.dropdown-menu>li>a:focus {
color: #0097A7 !important;
}
#post_entry-right-info,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav li:hover > a,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav li:hover > a i,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav li > a:hover,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav li > a:hover i,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav li > a:focus i,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav > .open > a,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav > .open > a:hover,
.sidebar-colored .sidebar-nav > .open > a:focus,
#ds-reset #ds-ctx .ds-ctx-entry .ds-ctx-head a {
color: #0097A7 !important;
}
#post_entry-right-info .post_entry-tags{
margin: 0 15px;
}
#post_entry-right-info .post_entry-tags::before{
content: "<"
}
#post_entry-right-info .post_entry-tags::after{
content: ">"
}
.toTop {
background: #757575 !important;
}
.material-layout .material-post>.material-nav,
.material-layout .material-index>.material-nav,
.material-nav a {
color: #757575;
}
#scheme-Paradox .MD-burger-layer {
background-color: #757575;
}
#scheme-Paradox #post-toc-trigger-btn {
color: #757575;
}
.post-toc a:hover {
color: #00838F;
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>
<!-- Theme Background Related-->
<style>
body{
background-color: #F5F5F5;
}
/* blog_info bottom background */
#scheme-Paradox .material-layout .something-else .mdl-card__supporting-text{
background-color: #fff;
}
</style>
<!-- Fade Effect -->
<style>
.fade {
transition: all 800ms linear;
-webkit-transform: translate3d(0,0,0);
-moz-transform: translate3d(0,0,0);
-ms-transform: translate3d(0,0,0);
-o-transform: translate3d(0,0,0);
transform: translate3d(0,0,0);
opacity: 1;
}
.fade.out{
opacity: 0;
}
</style>
<!-- Import Font -->
<!-- Import Roboto -->
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Import Material Icon -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.bootcss.com/material-design-icons/3.0.1/iconfont/material-icons.min.css">
<!-- Import jQuery -->
<script>lsloader.load("jq_js","//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js", true)</script>
<!-- The Open Graph protocol -->
<meta property="og:url" content="http://zhangdi.site">
<meta property="og:type" content="blog">
<meta property="og:title" content="深入学习React(一) | Zhangdi'Blog --- 爱技术爱折腾,无折腾不技术.">
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<ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#React-组件的生命周期"><span class="post-toc-text">React 组件的生命周期</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#React-组件的State"><span class="post-toc-text">React 组件的State</span></a></li></ol>
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深入学习React(一)
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<p> 原来学习时主要精力放在了<code>webpack</code> 和<code>React</code>的相关技术栈上了，反而忽视了<code>React</code> 本身的学习，实际开发过程中发现了很多问题，如 <em>生命周期</em> 、<em>虚拟DOM</em>、 <em>Diff算法</em> 等问题。这次参考官方文档和《React进阶之路》 这本书来对React本身进行一个深入的学习。</p>
<p>首先来说，React实际上是区别于<code>Angular</code> <code>Vue</code> 这类的框架，<code>React</code> 核心关注点在于构建UI，它不想另外两大框架一样是一整套解决方案 大而全的框架，比如<code>Angular</code>的<code>Typescript</code> 响应式编程 <code>Rxjs</code>，<code>Vue</code>的计算属性，数据双向绑定等一大堆API。一个React组件实际上就围绕它的<strong>生命周期</strong> 函数。</p>
<h4 id="React-组件的生命周期"><a href="#React-组件的生命周期" class="headerlink" title="React 组件的生命周期"></a>React 组件的生命周期</h4><p>组件的生命周期可分成三个状态：</p>
<ul>
<li>Mounting：已插入真实 DOM</li>
<li>Updating：正在被重新渲染</li>
<li>Unmounting：已移出真实 DOM</li>
</ul>
<p>生命周期的方法有：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>componentWillMount</strong> 在渲染前调用,在客户端也在服务端。（比如使用服务的渲染，该函数将会被调用两次，服务端一次，客户端一次）</li>
<li><strong>componentDidMount</strong> : 在第一次渲染后调用，只在客户端。之后组件已经生成了对应的DOM结构。</li>
<li><strong>componentWillReceiveProps</strong> 在组件接收到一个新的 prop (更新后)时被调用。这个方法在初始化<code>render</code>时不会被调用。</li>
<li><strong>shouldComponentUpdate</strong> 返回一个布尔值。在组件接收到新的<code>props</code>或者<code>state</code>时被调用。在初始化时或者使用<code>forceUpdate</code>时不被调用。 可以在你确认不需要更新组件时使用(<code>return true/false</code>)。</li>
<li><strong>componentWillUpdate</strong>在组件接收到新的<code>props</code>或者<code>state</code>但还没有<code>render</code>时被调用。在初始化时不会被调用。</li>
<li><strong>componentDidUpdate</strong> 在组件完成更新后立即调用。在初始化时不会被调用。</li>
<li><strong>componentWillUnmount</strong>在组件从 DOM 中移除的时候立刻被调用。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://oox9lo3vp.bkt.clouddn.com/18-4-8/63239100.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>这里应该重点关注的是：组件与服务端API通信该在哪个阶段。</p>
<p>首先React官方推荐的是在 <code>componetnDitMount</code> 这个阶段与服务器通信获取数据。但是我对于上面生命周期函数的理解，可以发现其实在组件<code>Mounting</code> 阶段都可以与服务端通信。</p>
<p>componentWillMount 会在组件被挂载前调用，因此从时间上来说，在此阶段执行服务器通信要早于componentDidMount中执行，一般来说，执行的越早意味着服务器数据越能更快的返回组件，基于这个思维是不是我们在 构造函数<code>constructor</code>中 去获取数据会更好呢？</p>
<p>首先在<code>constructor</code>中去获取数据，其实是可行的，但是数据请求这个工作其实是有“副作用”的，比如时间无法控制，是否会发生错误也不可知，也行会阻碍 <code>render</code> 函数的运行，导致一些意想不到的问题。其次，构造函数 的意义就是执行组件的初始化工作，如设置组件的初始状态。如果去做数据请求也会显得不太合情理。</p>
<p><code>constructor</code> 之后会马上进入 <code>componentWillMount</code> ,其实和构造函数几乎没有任何差异。当然它还有别的缺点，1、它在服务端和客户端都会执行此函数，如果我们使用服务端渲染，此方法会被调用两次，导致发出一些不必要的多余的请求。2、它在render之前执行，如果我们需要操作DOM，此时DOM还未挂载，操作也是不安全的。</p>
<p><code>componentDidMount</code>的优点就在于：其可以保证获取到数据时组件已处于挂载状态，其能够保证在任何情况下只会被调用一次。与<code>componentWillMount</code>相比它吗的执行的时间差微乎其微，几乎可以忽略不记。</p>
<p><code>componentWillMount</code>非常适于做的是组件更新阶段(<code>Updating</code>)与服务器通信。比如可以通过 比较 <code>this.props</code> 与<code>nextProps</code> 的某个字段是否有差异，来判断是否进行数据请求 更新组件。</p>
<h4 id="React-组件的State"><a href="#React-组件的State" class="headerlink" title="React 组件的State"></a>React 组件的State</h4><p>State 的设计规范是：必须能够代表一个组件UI呈现的完整状态集，同时，State还必须代表一个组件UI呈现的最小状态集。</p>
<p>如何理解呢？ 完整状态集 就是说 组件UI的任何改变都可以在 State 的变化中反应出来，最小状态集就是说 没有任何的多余状态，也不应该存在通过其他状态计算出来的中间状态。</p>
<p>比如，设计一个 购物车的 state</p>
<pre class=" language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
productList <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//商品列表</span>
totalCost <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//总价格</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>虽然这里的 State可以反映组件的完整状态集，但却不是最小状态集，因为 商品总结可以根据商品的单价计算出来，所以 <code>totalCost</code> 这个状态其实是不需要的。</p>
<p>然后是组件 State 修改的一些陷阱：</p>
<ul>
<li>State的修改是不能够直接修改的，因为直接修改不会触发组件的 <code>render</code> 。</li>
<li>State的修改是异步的，也就是说 当调用 <code>setState()</code> 时 组件的 State 并不是立即改变的，<code>setState()</code>只是把要修改的状态放入一个队列中，React 会优化并真正的执行时机，出于性能的原因，React会把多次<code>setState</code> 的状态修改合并成一次真正的修改。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>所以千万不要依赖<code>this.state</code> 来计算得出下一个<code>state</code>。因为当真正只需状态修改时，依赖的状态并不能保证是最新的 State ，同样也不能依赖 <code>this.props</code> 计算 <code>state</code> ，因为 <code>props</code> 也是异步的</strong> </p>
<ul>
<li>State的更新是一个合并的过程，不是覆盖。当调用<code>setState()</code> 时，只需传入需要改变的字段，React会合并出新的字段到原来的组件状态上，同时保留原有的状态。</li>
</ul>
<p>React官方建议 State 应该是一个不可变的对象。原因：</p>
<ol>
<li>对不可变对象的修改会返回一个新的对象，不需要担心原有对象在不小心的情况下被修改导致错误，方便程序的管理和调试。</li>
<li>出于性能的考虑，当组件State 是不可变对象时，<code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code> 方法中仅需要比较前后两次状态对象的引用就可以判断出状态是否真的改变，从而避免不要的 <code>render()</code> 。</li>
</ol>
<p>end…</p>
<p>下周会对 React的 虚拟DOM 和 Diff算法进行学习。</p>
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