880. Decoded String at Index

880. Decoded String at Index (Medium)

An encoded string S is given.  To find and write the decoded string to a tape, the encoded string is read one character at a time and the following steps are taken:

• If the character read is a letter, that letter is written onto the tape.
• If the character read is a digit (say d), the entire current tape is repeatedly written d-1 more times in total.

Now for some encoded string S, and an index K, find and return the K-th letter (1 indexed) in the decoded string.

 

Example 1:

Input: S = "leet2code3", K = 10
Output: "o"
Explanation: 
The decoded string is "leetleetcodeleetleetcodeleetleetcode".
The 10th letter in the string is "o".

Example 2:

Input: S = "ha22", K = 5
Output: "h"
Explanation: 
The decoded string is "hahahaha".  The 5th letter is "h".

Example 3:

Input: S = "a2345678999999999999999", K = 1
Output: "a"
Explanation: 
The decoded string is "a" repeated 8301530446056247680 times.  The 1st letter is "a".

 

Constraints:

• 2 <= S.length <= 100
• S will only contain lowercase letters and digits 2 through 9.
• S starts with a letter.
• 1 <= K <= 10^9
• It's guaranteed that K is less than or equal to the length of the decoded string.
• The decoded string is guaranteed to have less than 2^63 letters.

Related Topics:
Stack

Solution 1.

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/decoded-string-at-index/
// Author: github.com/lzl124631x
// Time: O(S)
// Space: O(S)
class Solution {
public:
    string decodeAtIndex(string S, int K) {
        vector<tuple<string, int, long>> v;
        long N = S.size(), len = 0;
        --K;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ) {
            string s;
            while (i < N && isalpha(S[i])) s += S[i++];
            int n = S[i++] - '0';
            len += s.size();
            v.emplace_back(s, n, len);
            len *= n;
            if (len > K) break;
        }
        for (int i = v.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            auto [s, n, len] = v[i];
            K %= len;
            if (i == 0) return string(1, s[K % s.size()]);
            else if (K >= len - s.size()) return string(1, s[K - (len - s.size())]);
        }
        return "";
    }
};

Solution 2.

// OJ: https://leetcode.com/problems/decoded-string-at-index/
// Author: github.com/lzl124631x
// Time: O(S)
// Space: O(1)
class Solution {
public:
    string decodeAtIndex(string S, int K) {
        long N = S.size(), len = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            if (isdigit(S[i])) len *= S[i] - '0';
            else len++;
        }
        for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            K %= len;
            if (K == 0 && isalpha(S[i])) return string(1, S[i]);
            if (isdigit(S[i])) len /= S[i] - '0';
            else len--;
        }
        return "";
    }
};