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semiotics.ttl
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@prefix : <http://emmo.info/emmo#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@base <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics> .
<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
owl:versionIRI <http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-beta/middle/semiotics> ;
owl:imports <http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-beta/middle/holistic> ;
dcterms:abstract """The semiotics module is based on the semiotic theory by Charles S. Peirce. It introduces the triadic semiotic process, called semiosis, with its participants an 'object' that is represented by a 'sign' producing another sign, the 'interpretant' and finally the 'interpreter' who connects the 'object', 'sign' and 'interpretant'.
The role of abstract objects are in EMMO fulfilled by semiotic objects, i.e. real world objects (e.g. symbol or sign) that stand for other real world objects that are to be interpreted by an agent. These symbols appear in actions (semiotic processes) meant to communicate meaning by establishing relationships between symbols (signs)."""@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Access, DE" ,
"Fraunhofer IWM, DE" ,
"Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)" ,
"SINTEF, NO" ,
"University of Bologna, IT" ;
dcterms:creator "Adham Hashibon" ,
"Emanuele Ghedini" ,
"Georg Schmitz" ,
"Gerhard Goldbeck" ,
"Jesper Friis" ;
dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ;
dcterms:publisher "EMMC ASBL" ;
dcterms:title "Semiotics"@en ;
rdfs:comment """Contacts:
Gerhard Goldbeck
Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)
email: [email protected]
Emanuele Ghedini
University of Bologna (IT)
email: [email protected]"""@en ,
"The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ;
owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-beta" .
#################################################################
# Object Properties
#################################################################
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291
:EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The generic EMMO semiotical relation."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "semiotical"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_297999d6_c9e4_4262_9536_bd524d1c6e21
:EMMO_297999d6_c9e4_4262_9536_bd524d1c6e21 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ;
skos:prefLabel "hasIndex"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455
:EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ;
skos:prefLabel "hasIcon"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41
:EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291 ;
rdfs:domain :EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d ;
skos:prefLabel "hasSign"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7fb7fe7e_bdf9_4eeb_adad_e384dd5285c6
:EMMO_7fb7fe7e_bdf9_4eeb_adad_e384dd5285c6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b ;
skos:prefLabel "hasInterpretant"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b
:EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 ;
rdfs:range :EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ;
skos:prefLabel "hasConvention"@en .
#################################################################
# Classes
#################################################################
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841
:EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1 ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1 ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1 ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d
] ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'."@en ;
:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Me looking a cat and saying loud: \"Cat!\" -> the semiosis process
me -> interpreter
cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics)
the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant
\"Cat!\" -> sign, the produced sign"""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Semiosis"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee
:EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9 ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b
] ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Interpreter"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b
:EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Interpretant"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c
:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c rdf:type owl:Class ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity."@en ;
:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire).
My facial expression stands for my emotional status."""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Index"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9
:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 rdf:type owl:Class ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it."@en ;
rdfs:comment "In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Conventional"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b
:EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9 ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The object, in Peirce semiotics."@en ;
rdfs:comment """Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation.
The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s.
In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign)."""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Object"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d
:EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c
:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9
:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168
)
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9 ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'Physical' that is used as sign (\"semeion\" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process."@en ;
:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy).
Each of them are 'sign'-s.
A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts.
The horizontal segment in the character \"A\" is direct part of \"A\" but it is not a 'sign' itself.
For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols."""@en ;
rdfs:comment """A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves.
A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting).
Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part."""@en ,
"""According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories:
- symbols: that stand for an object through convention
- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity
- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition"""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Sign"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9
:EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9 rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee
:EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b
:EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d
)
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1
] ;
owl:someValuesFrom :EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841
] ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process."@en ;
rdfs:comment """Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory.
\"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C.\" (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21).
The triadic elements:
- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name)
- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means)
- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to)
This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'"""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Semiotic"@en .
### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168
:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 rdf:type owl:Class ;
:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en ;
:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person.
An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity."""@en ;
rdfs:comment """Three subtypes of icon are possible:
(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture)
(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart)
(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else
[Wikipedia]"""@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Icon"@en .
### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi