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geography.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- LAST MODIFIED: 2023-12-19 -->
<!-- add TIB and DIGTIB where available -->
<!-- for Cyprus, see HGC -->
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/9.4/tei-epidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Authority list of placenames in SigiDoc</title>
<editor xml:id="AS">Alessio Sopracasa</editor>
<editor xml:id="MF">Martina Filosa</editor>
<editor xml:id="NB">Numa Buchs</editor>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
<availability>
<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License</licence>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<ab/>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<!-- To be added after discussion:
Σερμησιάνοι, a people
Βουλγάροι, a people
Βιχητῶν, a Slavic tribe
ἐθνῶν, peoples (?)
Ἐβιδίται/Αἰβιδίται, barbarian people of Euboea (?)
Κυπρίων, inhabitants
Μακεδόνων, inhabitants
-->
<!-- how to encode alternative spellings? -->
<!-- κομμερκιάριος ἀποθήκης Κολωνείας καὶ ἁπασῶν τῶν ἐπαρχιῶν τοῦ Ἀρμενιακοῦ:
subcategories for eparchai not created-->
<body>
<listPlace>
<place xml:id="geo0001"><!-- see also geo0244 -->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀντιόχεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Antioch</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Antioche</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αντιόχεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Antiochia</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">658381</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658381"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0002">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ὀψίκιον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Opsikion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Opsikion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Opsikion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Οψίκιον</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0003">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βουκελλαρίων</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Boukellarion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(thème des) Bucellaires</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">(tema dei) Bucellari</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Βουκελλαρίων</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0004">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Πρώτη Κιλικία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(kommerkia de) Cilicie Première</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Πρώτη Κιλικία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0005">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Πελοπόννησος καὶ Ἑλλάς</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Peloponnese and Hellas</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Péloponnèse et Hellade</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Peloponneso ed Ellade</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Πελοπόννησος και Ελλάς</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0006">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Θρᾳκησίων</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Thrakesion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Thracésiens</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Tracesiani</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Θρακησίων</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0007">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Δεύτερη Κιλικία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(kommerkia de) Cilicie Seconde</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Δεύτερη Κιλικία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0008">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἔδεσσα</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Edesse</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Έδεσσα</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0009">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Νήσοι</placeName>
<!-- to be verified -->
<placeName xml:lang="la">Insulae</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Islands</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Îles</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Isole</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Νήσοι</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0010">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κωνσταντινούπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(patriarcat de) Constsantinople</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κωνσταντινούπολη</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0011">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀδρανεία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Adraneia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αδρανεία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0012">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Αττάλεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Attaleia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αττάλεια</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0013">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ταρσός</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Tarse</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ταρσός</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0014">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βάρατα</placeName>
<!-- alternative: Βάρετα -->
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Barata</placeName>
<!-- alt.: Baréta -->
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Βάρατα</placeName>
<!-- for links, see the discussion here: https://www.doaks.org/resources/seals/byzantine-seals/BZS.1958.106.118/view -->
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0015">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κύπρος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Cyprus</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Chypre</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Cipro</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κύπρος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0016">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀνατολικοί</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Anatoliques</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ανατολικοί</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0017">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀναζαρβός</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(thème d') Anazarbe</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ανάζαρβος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0018">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Άρμενιάκων</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Arméniaques</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αρμενιάκων</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0019">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀσία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="la">Asia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Asie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ασία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0020">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βουλγαρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Βουλγαρία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0021">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Καππαδοκία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Cappadoce</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Καππαδοκία</placeName>
<idno type="TIB">2</idno>
<link target="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/tib-register/tib2"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0022">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Καρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Caria</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Carie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Karien</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Καρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Caria</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">599564</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599564"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0023">
<!--why is Κιβυρραιῶται and no Κιβυρραιωτών, as the armeniakon above-->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κιβυρραιῶται</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Cibyrrhéotes</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κιβυρραιώτες</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0024">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κιλικία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Cilicie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κιλικία</placeName>
<idno type="TIB">5</idno>
<link target="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/tib-register/tib5"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0025">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κρήτη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Crète</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κρήτη</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0026">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Λοπάδιον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Lopadion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Λοπάδιον</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0027">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Θεσσαλονίκη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Thessaloniki</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Thessalonique</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de"/>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Θεσσαλονίκη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Salonicco</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Θεσσαλονίκη</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">491741</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491741"/>
<idno type="geonames">734077</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/734077"/>
<idno type="TIB"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0028">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἐλλὰς</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Hellade</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ελλάς</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0029">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἰσαυρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Isaurie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ισαυρία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0030">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ιταλία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Italie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ιταλία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0031">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀρμενία Δ'</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Arménie quatrième</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Aρμενία Δ'</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0032">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Καραβισιάνοι</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Carabisiens</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Καραβισιάνοι</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0033">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Λογγοβαρδία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Longobardie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Λογγοβαρδία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0034">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Λυδία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Lydie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Λυδία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0035">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Λυκανδός</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Lykandos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Λυκανδός</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0036">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Μακεδονία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Macédoine</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Μακεδονία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0037">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κέρκυρα</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(archevêché de) Corfou</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κέρκυρα</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0038">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κλαυδιόπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Claudiopolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Claudioupolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Klaudiupolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κλαυδιόπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Claudiopoli</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κλαυδιούπολη</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">648723</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648723"/>
<idno type="geonames"/>
<link/>
<idno type="TIB">5, Klaudiupolis</idno>
<link target="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/static/reader/TIB/tib5.html#page/307"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0039">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Αἰγαῖον Πέλαγος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Aegean Sea</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Mer Égée</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Mar Egeo</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αιγαίο Πέλαγος</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">560221</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/560221"/>
<idno type="geonames">265695</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/265695/aegean-sea.html"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0040">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Δύσις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Occident</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Δύση</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0041">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀνατολή</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Orient</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ανατολή</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0042">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σαμψών</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Samsôn</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Σαμψών</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0043">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Παφλαγονία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Paphlagonie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Παφλαγονία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0044">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Παραδούναβον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Paradounabon</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Παραδούναβο</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0045">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Πελοπόννησος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Péloponnèse</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Πελοπόννησος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0046">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Πισιδία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Pisidie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Πισιδία</placeName>
<idno type="TIB">7</idno>
<link target="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/tib-register/tib7"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0047">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σερβία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Serbie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Σερβία</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades"/>
<link/>
<idno type="geonames"/>
<link/>
<idno type="TIB"/>
<link/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0048">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Θρᾴκη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Thrace</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Θράκη</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0049">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Στρατονικεία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Stratonicée</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Στρατονίκεια</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0050">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σόλοι</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Soloi</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Σόλοι</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">707624</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707624"/>
<idno type="geonames">146071</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/146071/soloi.html"/>
<idno type="HGC">Soloi</idno>
<!-- to be verified -->
<link target="https://cyprusgazetteer.org/hu/20/"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0051">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Τιβεριούπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Tibérioupolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Τιβεριούπολη</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0052">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀρμενία Μεγάλη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Grande Arménie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αρμενία Μεγάλη</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0053">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βουλγαρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(archévêché de) Bulgarie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Βουλγαρία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0054">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κεφαλληνία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Céphalonie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κεφαλονιά</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0055">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Χαλδία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Chaldée</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Χαλδία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0056"><!-- but see geo0189 -->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Χερσών</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Cherson</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Χερσόνα</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0057">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κολώνεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Colonée</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κολώνεια</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0058">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Διοκλεία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Dioclée</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Διόκλεια</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0059"><!-- a people -->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Δρουγουβῖται</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Drougobitai</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Δρουγουβίτες</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0060">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Δυρράχιον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Dyrrachion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Dyrrachion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Dyrrachion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Δυρράχιον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Durazzo</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">481818</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/481818"/>
<idno type="geonames">3185728</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/3185728/durres.html"/>
<idno type="TIB"/>
<link/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0061">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Γοτθογραικία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(commandement des) Gothograeci</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Γοτθογραικία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0062">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ὁνωριάς</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Honoriade</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ονωριάς</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0063">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Μεσοποταμία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Mésopotamie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Μεσοποταμία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0064">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Νικόπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Nicopolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Νικόπολη</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0065">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ὀπτιμάτοι</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Optimates</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Οπτιμάτοι</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0066">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σάμος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Samos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Σάμος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0067"><!--which one of the many Seleukeia?-->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σελεύκεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Seleukeia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Séleucie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Seleukeia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Σελεύκεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Seleucia</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades"/>
<link/>
<idno type="geonames"/>
<link/>
<idno type="TIB"/>
<link/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0068">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σικελία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Sicile</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Σικελία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0069">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βαασπρακανία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Vaspourakan</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Βαασπρακανία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0070">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Τουρκία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Tourkia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Τουρκία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Turchia</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades"/>
<link/>
<idno type="geonames"/>
<link/>
<idno type="TIB"/>
<link/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0071">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀρμενία Αʹ</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(kommerkia d') Arménie Première</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Αρμενία Αʹ</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0072">
<placeName xml:lang="la">Byzacena</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βυζάκιον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(commandement de) Byzacène</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Βυζακηνή</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0073">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Καλαβρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Calabria</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Calabre</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Καλαβρία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0074">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Δαλματία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Dalmatie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Δαλματία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0075">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Γαλατία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Galatie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Γαλατία</placeName>
<idno type="TIB">4</idno>
<link target="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/tib-register/tib4"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0076">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἑλενόποντος</placeName>
<!-- spelling to be verified -->
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Hellénopont</placeName>
<!-- Hélénopont? -->
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ελενόποντος (Ηράκλεια Ποντου)</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0077">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Έλλήσποντος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Hellespont</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Eλλήσποντος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0078">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Kομμαγηνή</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Commagène</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Kομμαγηνή</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0079">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κυκλάδες</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Cyclades</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κυκλάδες</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">560353</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/560353"/>
<idno type="geonames">259820</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/259820/cyclades.html"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0080">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ῥόδαντος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Rhodandos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ρόδανδος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0081">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Πλίσκοβα</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Pliska</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Πλίσκα</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0082">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Λυκία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Lycie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Λυκία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0083">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Παμφυλία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Pamphylie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Παμφυλία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0084">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Φρυγία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(kommerkia de) Phrygie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Φρυγία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0085">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Φρυγία Σαλουταρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(kommerkia de) Phrygie Saloutaria</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Φρυγία Σαλουταρία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0086">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Πόντος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Pont</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Πόντος</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0087">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ῥῶς</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(archontat de) Rus'</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ρως</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0088">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Στρυμών</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Strymon</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Στρυμόνας</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0089">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Δρουγουβίτεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Drougoubiteia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Δρουγουβίτεια</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0090">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Θεσσαλία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(archevêché de) Thessalie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Θεσσαλία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0091">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Παρίστριον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Paristrion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Παρίστριον</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0092">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἰβηρία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Ibérie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Ιβηρία</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0093">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Χαρσιανόν</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Charsianon</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Χαρσιανόν</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0094">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Βολερόν</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Boléron</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0095">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Θυνίας</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Thynias</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<!-- Pleiades, 3 entries:
https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511443
https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511444
https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511445
-->
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0096">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">τα Κλίματα</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">(thème des) Klimata</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0097">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Tεφρική</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Téphrikè</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0098">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Νουμιδία</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="la">Numidia</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Numidie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Numidia</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0099">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Θεσσαλονίκη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Thessalonique</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0100">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σεβάστεια</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Sébastè</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0101">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Χαρπεζίκιον</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Charpézikion</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0102">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">ἐπαρχίαι</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">éparchies</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0103">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἀχυράους</placeName>
<!-- genitive -->
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Achyraus</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<idno type="geonames">322165</idno>
<!-- according to the PBW) -->
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/322165/balikesir.html"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0104">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ταρών</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Tarôn</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0105">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Τύρος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Tyre</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Tyr</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">678437</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678437"/>
<idno type="geonames">267008</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/267008/tyre.html"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0106">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Χῶναι</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Chonai</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Chônes</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Chonai</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Chonai</placeName>
<idno type="geonames">311962</idno>
<link target="https:www.geonames.org/311962"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0107">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κρήτη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Crète</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Kreta</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κρήτη</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Creta</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">589748</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589748"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0108">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Κύζικος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Kyzikos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Cyzique</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Kyzikos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Κύζικος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Cizico</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">511218</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511218"/>
<idno type="TIB">13, Kyzikos</idno>
<link target="hhttps://tib.oeaw.ac.at/static/reader/TIB/tib13.html#page/705/"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0109">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Εἰρηνούπολης</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Eirènoupolis d'Isaurie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0110">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Εἰρηνούπολης</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Eirènoupolis de Cilicie</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0111"><!-- see also geo0228 -->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ἔφεσος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Ephesos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Éphèse</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Ephesos</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Efeso</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">599612</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599612"/>
<idno type="geonames">7522155</idno>
<link target="https://www.geonames.org/7522155/ephesus.html"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0112">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Λάμψακος</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Lampsaque</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0113">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Μαγνησία τοῦ Μαιάνδρου</placeName>
<!-- spelling ot be checked -->
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Magnésie du Méandre</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0114">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Mαγνησία ἡ πρὸς Σιπύλῳ</placeName>
<!-- spelling ot be checked -->
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Magnésie du Sipyle</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0115">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Νύσσα</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Nysse</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0116">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σάρδεις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Sardis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Sardes</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Sardeis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Sardi</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">550867</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550867"/>
<idno type="geonames"/>
<link/>
<idno type="TIB"/>
<link/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0117">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Σιών</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Siôn</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0118">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Ὤλβα</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Olba</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Olba</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">xxx</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">648725</idno>
<!-- to be verified -->
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648725"/>
<idno type="TIB">5, Olba</idno>
<link target="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/static/reader/TIB/tib5.html#page/369"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0119"> <!--same as Belikeia, Stroumnitza, Stroumitza-->
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Τιβεριούπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="en">Tiberiopolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="fr">Tibérioupolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="de">Tiberiopolis</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="bg">xxx</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="el">Τιβεριούπολις</placeName>
<placeName xml:lang="it">Tiberiopoli</placeName>
<idno type="pleiades">491742</idno>
<link target="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491742"/>
</place>
<place xml:id="geo0120">
<placeName xml:lang="grc">Τράλλεις</placeName>