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Running Zigbee2mqtt

These instructions explain how to run Zigbee2mqtt on bare-metal Linux.

Other ways to run Zigbee2mqtt are Docker, the Hass.io Zigbee2mqtt add-on and Virtual Enviroment.

For the sake of simplicity this guide assumes running on a Raspberry Pi 3 with Raspbian Stretch Lite, but will work on any Linux machine.

1. Determine location of CC2531 USB sniffer and checking user permissions

We first need to determine the location of the CC2531 USB sniffer. Connect the CC2531 USB to your Raspberry Pi. Most of the times the location of the CC2531 is /dev/ttyACM0. This can be verified by:

pi@raspberry:~ $ ls -l /dev/ttyACM0
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 166, 0 May 16 19:15 /dev/ttyACM0  # <-- CC2531 on /dev/ttyACM0

As an alternative, the device can also be mapped by an ID. This can be handy if you have multiple serial devices connected to your Raspberry Pi. In the example below the device location is: /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Texas_Instruments_TI_CC2531_USB_CDC___0X00124B0018ED3DDF-if00

pi@raspberry:/ $ ls -l /dev/serial/by-id
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Oct 19 19:26 usb-Texas_Instruments_TI_CC2531_USB_CDC___0X00124B0018ED3DDF-if00 -> ../../ttyACM0

2. Installing

# Setup Node.js repository
sudo curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -

# Install Node.js
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs git make g++ gcc

# Verify that the correct nodejs and npm (automatically installed with nodejs)
# version has been installed
node --version  # Should output v10.X
npm --version  # Should output 6.X

# Clone zigbee2mqtt repository
sudo git clone https://github.com/Koenkk/zigbee2mqtt.git /opt/zigbee2mqtt
sudo chown -R pi:pi /opt/zigbee2mqtt

# Install dependencies
cd /opt/zigbee2mqtt
npm install

If everything went correctly the output of npm install is similar to (the number of packages and seconds is probably different on your device):

node-pre-gyp info ok
added 383 packages in 111.613s

Note that the npm install produces some warning which can be ignored.

3. Configuring

Before we can start Zigbee2mqtt we need to edit the configuration.yaml file. This file contains the configuration which will be used by Zigbee2mqtt.

Open the configuration file:

nano /opt/zigbee2mqtt/data/configuration.yaml

For a basic configuration, the default settings are probably good. The only thing we need to change is the MQTT server url and authentication (if applicable). This can be done by changing the section below in your configuration.yaml.

# MQTT settings
mqtt:
  # MQTT base topic for zigbee2mqtt MQTT messages
  base_topic: zigbee2mqtt
  # MQTT server URL
  server: 'mqtt://localhost'
  # MQTT server authentication, uncomment if required:
  # user: my_user
  # password: my_password

Save the file and exit.

4. Starting zigbee2mqtt

Now that we have setup everything correctly we can start zigbee2mqtt.

cd /opt/zigbee2mqtt
npm start

When started successfully, you will see:

2018-5-18 20:35:07 INFO Starting zigbee-shepherd
2018-5-18 20:35:09 INFO zigbee-shepherd started
2018-5-18 20:35:09 INFO Currently 0 devices are joined:
2018-5-18 20:35:09 INFO Connecting to MQTT server at mqtt://localhost
2018-5-18 20:35:09 INFO zigbee-shepherd ready
2018-5-18 20:35:09 INFO Connected to MQTT server

Zigbee2mqtt can be stopped by pressing CTRL + C.

5. (Optional) Running as a daemon with systemctl

To run zigbee2mqtt as daemon (in background) and start it automatically on boot we will run Zigbee2mqtt with systemctl.

# Create a systemctl configuration file for zigbee2mqtt
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/zigbee2mqtt.service

Add the following to this file:

[Unit]
Description=zigbee2mqtt
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm start
WorkingDirectory=/opt/zigbee2mqtt
StandardOutput=inherit
StandardError=inherit
Restart=always
User=pi

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the file and exit.

Verify that the configuration works:

# Start zigbee2mqtt
sudo systemctl start zigbee2mqtt

# Show status
systemctl status zigbee2mqtt.service

Output should look like:

pi@raspberry:/opt/zigbee2mqtt $ systemctl status zigbee2mqtt.service
● zigbee2mqtt.service - zigbee2mqtt
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/zigbee2mqtt.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-06-07 20:27:22 BST; 3s ago
 Main PID: 665 (npm)
   CGroup: /system.slice/zigbee2mqtt.service
           ├─665 npm
           ├─678 sh -c node index.js
           └─679 node index.js

Jun 07 20:27:22 raspberry systemd[1]: Started zigbee2mqtt.
Jun 07 20:27:23 raspberry npm[665]: > [email protected] start /opt/zigbee2mqtt
Jun 07 20:27:23 raspberry npm[665]: > node index.js
Jun 07 20:27:24 raspberry npm[665]: 2018-6-7 20:27:24 INFO Starting zigbee-shepherd
Jun 07 20:27:25 raspberry npm[665]: 2018-6-7 20:27:25 INFO zigbee-shepherd started

Now that everything works, we want systemctl to start zigbee2mqtt automatically on boot, this can be done by executing:

sudo systemctl enable zigbee2mqtt.service

Done! 😃

Some tips that can be handy later:

# Stopping zigbee2mqtt
sudo systemctl stop zigbee2mqtt

# Starting zigbee2mqtt
sudo systemctl start zigbee2mqtt

# View the log of zigbee2mqtt
sudo journalctl -u zigbee2mqtt.service -f

6. (For later) Update Zigbee2mqtt to the latest version

To update Zigbee2mqtt to the latest version, execute:

# Stop zigbee2mqtt and go to directory
sudo systemctl stop zigbee2mqtt
cd /opt/zigbee2mqtt

# Backup configuration
cp -R data data-backup

# Update
git checkout HEAD -- npm-shrinkwrap.json
git pull
rm -rf node_modules
npm install

# Restore configuration
cp -R data-backup/* data
rm -rf data-backup

# Start zigbee2mqtt
sudo systemctl start zigbee2mqtt

What's next?

Pairing devices