diff --git a/.changeset/silent-ghosts-hide.md b/.changeset/silent-ghosts-hide.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a40be70c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/silent-ghosts-hide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@shopify/theme': patch
+---
+
+Make `shopify theme dev` more resilient to HTTP errors with the Admin API
diff --git a/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.test.ts b/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.test.ts
index 1a7be0fa6a..be7b966cd1 100644
--- a/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.test.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {restRequest} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
 import {AbortError} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/error'
 
 vi.mock('@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin')
+vi.mock('@shopify/cli-kit/node/system')
 
 const session = {token: 'token', storeFqdn: 'my-shop.myshopify.com'}
 
@@ -305,9 +306,14 @@ describe('deleteTheme', () => {
 })
 
 describe('request errors', () => {
-  const httpErrors = [401, 403, 500, 999]
-
-  httpErrors.forEach((httpError) => {
+  const httpResponses = [
+    {httpError: 401, expectedRetries: 3},
+    {httpError: 403, expectedRetries: 1},
+    {httpError: 500, expectedRetries: 3},
+    {httpError: 999, expectedRetries: 1},
+  ]
+
+  httpResponses.forEach(({httpError, expectedRetries}) => {
     test(`${httpError} errors`, async () => {
       // Given
       vi.mocked(restRequest).mockResolvedValue({
@@ -316,12 +322,12 @@ describe('request errors', () => {
         headers: {},
       })
 
-      await expect(async () => {
-        // When
-        return deleteTheme(1, session)
+      // When
+      const deletePromise = async () => deleteTheme(1, session)
 
-        // Then
-      }).rejects.toThrowError(AbortError)
+      // Then
+      await expect(deletePromise).rejects.toThrowError(AbortError)
+      expect(restRequest).toBeCalledTimes(expectedRetries)
     })
   })
 })
diff --git a/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.ts b/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.ts
index 8cf3e4f846..f104516344 100644
--- a/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.ts
+++ b/packages/cli-kit/src/public/node/themes/api.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import {
   buildThemeAsset,
 } from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/themes/factories'
 import {Result, Checksum, Key, Theme, ThemeAsset} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/themes/types'
+import {outputDebug} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/output'
+import {sleep} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/system'
 
 export type ThemeParams = Partial<Pick<Theme, 'name' | 'role' | 'processing' | 'src'>>
 export type AssetParams = Pick<ThemeAsset, 'key'> & Partial<Pick<ThemeAsset, 'value' | 'attachment'>>
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ async function request<T>(
   session: AdminSession,
   params?: T,
   searchParams: {[name: string]: string} = {},
+  retries = 1,
 ): Promise<RestResponse> {
   const response = await throttler.throttle(() => restRequest(method, path, session, params, searchParams))
 
@@ -128,13 +131,33 @@ async function request<T>(
     case status === 403:
       return handleForbiddenError(response, session)
     case status === 401:
-      throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request unauthorized error`)
+      // Retry 401 errors to be resilient to authentication errors.
+      return handleRetriableError({
+        path,
+        retries,
+        retry: () => {
+          return request(method, path, session, params, searchParams, retries + 1)
+        },
+        fail: () => {
+          throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request unauthorized error`)
+        },
+      })
     case status === 422:
       throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request unprocessable content: ${errors(response)}`)
     case status >= 400 && status <= 499:
       throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request client error`)
     case status >= 500 && status <= 599:
-      throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request server error`)
+      // Retry 500-family of errors as that may solve the issue (especially in 503 errors)
+      return handleRetriableError({
+        path,
+        retries,
+        retry: () => {
+          return request(method, path, session, params, searchParams, retries + 1)
+        },
+        fail: () => {
+          throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request server error`)
+        },
+      })
     default:
       throw new AbortError(`[${status}] API request unexpected error`)
   }
@@ -175,3 +198,21 @@ function errorMessage(response: RestResponse): string {
 
   return ''
 }
+
+interface RetriableErrorOptions {
+  path: string
+  retries: number
+  retry: () => Promise<RestResponse>
+  fail: () => never
+}
+
+async function handleRetriableError({path, retries, retry, fail}: RetriableErrorOptions): Promise<RestResponse> {
+  if (retries >= 3) {
+    fail()
+  }
+
+  outputDebug(`[${retries}] Retrying '${path}' request...`)
+
+  await sleep(0.2)
+  return retry()
+}