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Write application in Java/Kotlin language. Ex:. You are using Java as your language.
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Java Compiler will Compile that code into Bytecode, which can be effectively executed on normal powered Systems. But just because, on mobile device we have limited resources.
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That Byte code will be translated into Dalvik Executable bytecode
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Then all the classes will be combined into a single .dex file. :-: That Bytecode will be Executed by DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) or ART (Android Runtime). :-: After First Execution of .dex file it will be optimized for that specific device, and converted into .ODEX (optimized DEX) file.
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At last your Builder will create an archive of all the files in Android Application like :-: .dex files :-: AndroidManifest.xml :-: Assets :-: resources :-: Libraries :-: Digital Certificate and gives you an APK file.