README.md

RISC-V 32i CPU and Assembler

This is one of the course project materials for HKUST ELEC-5140 Advanced Computer Architecture, where students are encouraged to enhance the structural model and improve its performance. This project is alive, maintained by [email protected]. Any discussion or suggestion would be greatly appreciated!

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Project Tree

1. RV32i directory contains a Vivado project of RISC-V CPU written in verilog, which implements a 5-stage single-issue processor, supporting 31 basic instructions from RV32I base instruction set.

2. RISC-V_Assembler directory contains an assembler to translate RISC-V instruction assembly into hexadecimal format, which could be easily directly loaded to instruction memory through $readmemh during Vivado simulation.

3. tests directory contains benchmark written in RV32i assembly. Vec_Mul is a basic coding example.

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Assembly Manual

What this assembler supports:

• R-type:

add s1, t1, t2 # s1 = t1 + t2

• I-type:

slti s1, t1, 3 # if t1 < 3: s1 = 1; else: s1 = 0;

• Load / Store:

lw s1, 4(t1) # s1 = *(t1 + 1) // 4 means 4 bytes == 1 word (int size)
sw s1, 4(t1)

• Branch:

# Using immediate value for address is OK
beq t1, t2, 0x1000
# A more convenient way is using labels, like:

This_Is_A_Label:
# ... 
# ... do whatever you want
# ...
beq t1, t2, This_Is_A_Label // if t1 == t2, then jump to the first instruction after label "This_Is_A_Label"

• LUI / AUIPC:

lui x2, 0x12345     # x2 = 0x12345000
addi x2, x2, 0x678  # x2 = 0x12345678
auipc x3, 0x0100    # x3 = 0x00100000 + PC

• JAL / JALR:

jal x1, SOME_LABEL # or some immediate value as address
jalr x0, x1, 0 # only immediate value is allowed for the third parameter!
               # by the way, this is equal to "jr ra" in its effect
               # you can realize calling a function with "jal" and "jalr"

• comments:

# This is a line of comment
// This is also a line of comment
add s1, s2, s3 # This is a line of comment following one instruction
add s1, s2, s3 // This is also a line of comment following one instruction

• Others

# 1. Case Insensitivity
add s1, t1, t2 // OK
ADD s2, t1, t1 // also OK
# 2. Supporting both Register Name and ABI Name
// Instead of using register name 'x0', 'x1', you can also use 'zero', 'ra',
// which makes your assembly more readable

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TODO

• Assembler

  • Pseudo Ops
  • Pseudo Instructions
  • Make it good-looking...

• CPU

  • To support other basic instructions
    • LB, LH, LBU, LHU
    • SB, SH
    • FENCE, FENCE.I
    • ECALL, EBREAK
    • CSRR*

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Reference Link for students

• The RISC-V Instruction Set Manual
  • RV32i Registers: only x0 ~ x31 are used here.
  • RV32I base instruction set