run_test.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import argparse
import copy
import glob
import json
import os
import pathlib
import re
import shutil
import signal
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import time
from collections import defaultdict
from contextlib import ExitStack
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Any, cast, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union

import pkg_resources

import torch
import torch.distributed as dist
from torch.multiprocessing import current_process, get_context
from torch.testing._internal.common_utils import (
    get_report_path,
    IS_CI,
    IS_MACOS,
    IS_WINDOWS,
    retry_shell,
    set_cwd,
    shell,
    TEST_CUDA,
    TEST_WITH_ASAN,
    TEST_WITH_CROSSREF,
    TEST_WITH_ROCM,
    TEST_WITH_SLOW_GRADCHECK,
)

REPO_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# using tools/ to optimize test run.
sys.path.insert(0, str(REPO_ROOT))
from tools.stats.import_test_stats import (
    ADDITIONAL_CI_FILES_FOLDER,
    TEST_CLASS_TIMES_FILE,
    TEST_TIMES_FILE,
)
from tools.stats.upload_metrics import add_global_metric, emit_metric
from tools.testing.discover_tests import (
    CPP_TEST_PATH,
    CPP_TEST_PREFIX,
    CPP_TESTS_DIR,
    parse_test_module,
    TESTS,
)
from tools.testing.do_target_determination_for_s3 import import_results
from tools.testing.target_determination.gen_artifact import gen_ci_artifact
from tools.testing.target_determination.heuristics.previously_failed_in_pr import (
    gen_additional_test_failures_file,
)
from tools.testing.target_determination.heuristics.utils import get_pr_number

from tools.testing.test_run import TestRun
from tools.testing.test_selections import (
    calculate_shards,
    get_test_case_configs,
    NUM_PROCS,
    ShardedTest,
    THRESHOLD,
)

HAVE_TEST_SELECTION_TOOLS = True
# Make sure to remove REPO_ROOT after import is done
sys.path.remove(str(REPO_ROOT))

TEST_CONFIG = os.getenv("TEST_CONFIG", "")
BUILD_ENVIRONMENT = os.getenv("BUILD_ENVIRONMENT", "")
RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS = os.getenv("PYTORCH_TEST_RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS", "0") == "1"
DISTRIBUTED_TEST_PREFIX = "distributed"
INDUCTOR_TEST_PREFIX = "inductor"
IS_SLOW = "slow" in TEST_CONFIG or "slow" in BUILD_ENVIRONMENT


# Note [ROCm parallel CI testing]
# https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/85770 added file-granularity parallel testing.
# In .ci/pytorch/test.sh, TEST_CONFIG == "default", CUDA and HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES is set to 0.
# This results in multiple test files sharing the same GPU.
# This should be a supported use case for ROCm, but it exposed issues in the kernel driver resulting in hangs.
# See https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/90940.
#
# Further, ROCm self-hosted runners have up to 4 GPUs.
# Device visibility was set to 0 to match CUDA test behavior, but this was wasting available GPU resources.
# Assigning each Pool worker their own dedicated GPU avoids the ROCm oversubscription issues.
# This should also result in better overall wall clock time since all GPUs can be utilized.
def maybe_set_hip_visible_devies():
    # Special handling of ROCm GHA runners for parallel (file granularity) tests.
    if torch.version.hip:
        p = current_process()
        if p.name != "MainProcess":
            # this is a Process from a parallel Pool, not the MainProcess
            os.environ["HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = str(p._identity[0] % NUM_PROCS)


def strtobool(s):
    if s.lower() in ["", "0", "false", "off"]:
        return False
    return True


class TestChoices(list):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(args[0])

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return list.__contains__(self, parse_test_module(item))


FSDP_TEST = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith("distributed/fsdp")]

WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST = [
    "distributed/nn/jit/test_instantiator",
    "distributed/rpc/test_faulty_agent",
    "distributed/rpc/test_tensorpipe_agent",
    "distributed/rpc/test_share_memory",
    "distributed/rpc/cuda/test_tensorpipe_agent",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_api",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_gpipe",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_inspect_skip_layout",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_leak",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_portal",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_stash_pop",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_tracker",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/skip/test_verify_skippables",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_balance",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_bugs",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_checkpoint",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_copy",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_deferred_batch_norm",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_dependency",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_inplace",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_microbatch",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_phony",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_pipe",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_pipeline",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_stream",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_transparency",
    "distributed/pipeline/sync/test_worker",
    "distributed/elastic/agent/server/test/api_test",
    "distributed/elastic/multiprocessing/api_test",
    "distributed/_shard/checkpoint/test_checkpoint"
    "distributed/_shard/checkpoint/test_file_system_checkpoint"
    "distributed/_shard/sharding_spec/test_sharding_spec",
    "distributed/_shard/sharding_plan/test_sharding_plan",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/test_sharded_tensor",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/test_sharded_tensor_reshard",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_embedding",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_embedding_bag",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_binary_cmp",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_init",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_optim/test_sharded_optim",
] + FSDP_TEST

ROCM_BLOCKLIST = [
    "distributed/rpc/test_faulty_agent",
    "distributed/rpc/test_tensorpipe_agent",
    "distributed/rpc/test_share_memory",
    "distributed/rpc/cuda/test_tensorpipe_agent",
    "distributed/_shard/checkpoint/test_checkpoint"
    "distributed/_shard/checkpoint/test_file_system_checkpoint"
    "distributed/_shard/sharding_spec/test_sharding_spec",
    "distributed/_shard/sharding_plan/test_sharding_plan",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/test_sharded_tensor",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/test_sharded_tensor_reshard",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_embedding",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_embedding_bag",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_binary_cmp",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_tensor/ops/test_init",
    "distributed/_shard/sharded_optim/test_sharded_optim",
    "test_determination",
    "test_jit_legacy",
    "test_cuda_nvml_based_avail",
    "test_jit_cuda_fuser",
    "distributed/_tensor/test_attention",
]

XPU_BLOCKLIST = [
    "test_autograd",
]

XPU_TEST = [
    "test_xpu",
]

# The tests inside these files should never be run in parallel with each other
RUN_PARALLEL_BLOCKLIST = [
    "test_cpp_extensions_jit",
    "test_cpp_extensions_open_device_registration",
    "test_cpp_extensions_stream_and_event",
    "test_cpp_extensions_mtia_backend",
    "test_jit_disabled",
    "test_mobile_optimizer",
    "test_multiprocessing",
    "test_multiprocessing_spawn",
    "test_namedtuple_return_api",
    "test_overrides",
    "test_show_pickle",
    "test_tensorexpr",
    "test_cuda_primary_ctx",
    "test_cuda_trace",
    "inductor/test_benchmark_fusion",
    "test_cuda_nvml_based_avail",
    # temporarily sets a global config
    "test_autograd_fallback",
] + FSDP_TEST

# Test files that should always be run serially with other test files,
# but it's okay if the tests inside them are run in parallel with each other.
CI_SERIAL_LIST = [
    "test_nn",
    "test_fake_tensor",
    "test_cpp_api_parity",
    "test_reductions",
    "test_fx_backends",
    "test_cpp_extensions_jit",
    "test_torch",
    "test_tensor_creation_ops",
    "test_dispatch",
    "test_python_dispatch",  # torch.library creation and deletion must be serialized
    "test_spectral_ops",  # Cause CUDA illegal memory access https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/88916
    "nn/test_pooling",
    "nn/test_convolution",  # Doesn't respect set_per_process_memory_fraction, results in OOM for other tests in slow gradcheck
    "distributions/test_distributions",
    "test_fx",  # gets SIGKILL
    "functorch/test_memory_efficient_fusion",  # Cause CUDA OOM on ROCm
    "test_utils",  # OOM
    "test_sort_and_select",  # OOM
    "test_backward_compatible_arguments",  # OOM
    "test_autocast",  # OOM
    "test_native_mha",  # OOM
    "test_module_hooks",  # OOM
    "inductor/test_max_autotune",
    "inductor/test_cutlass_backend",  # slow due to many nvcc compilation steps,
    "inductor/test_flex_attention",  # OOM
]
# A subset of onnx tests that cannot run in parallel due to high memory usage.
ONNX_SERIAL_LIST = [
    "onnx/test_models",
    "onnx/test_models_quantized_onnxruntime",
    "onnx/test_models_onnxruntime",
    "onnx/test_custom_ops",
    "onnx/test_utility_funs",
]

# A subset of our TEST list that validates PyTorch's ops, modules, and autograd function as expected
CORE_TEST_LIST = [
    "test_autograd",
    "test_autograd_fallback",
    "test_modules",
    "test_nn",
    "test_ops",
    "test_ops_gradients",
    "test_ops_fwd_gradients",
    "test_ops_jit",
    "test_torch",
]


# if a test file takes longer than 5 min, we add it to TARGET_DET_LIST
SLOW_TEST_THRESHOLD = 300

DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG = {}


if dist.is_available():
    DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG["test"] = {"WORLD_SIZE": "1"}
    if not TEST_WITH_ROCM and dist.is_mpi_available():
        DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG["mpi"] = {
            "WORLD_SIZE": "3",
            "TEST_REPORT_SOURCE_OVERRIDE": "dist-mpi",
        }
    if dist.is_nccl_available():
        DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG["nccl"] = {
            "WORLD_SIZE": "2" if torch.cuda.device_count() == 2 else "3",
            "TEST_REPORT_SOURCE_OVERRIDE": "dist-nccl",
        }
    if dist.is_gloo_available():
        DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG["gloo"] = {
            "WORLD_SIZE": "2" if torch.cuda.device_count() == 2 else "3",
            "TEST_REPORT_SOURCE_OVERRIDE": "dist-gloo",
        }
    if dist.is_ucc_available():
        DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG["ucc"] = {
            "WORLD_SIZE": "2" if torch.cuda.device_count() == 2 else "3",
            "TEST_REPORT_SOURCE_OVERRIDE": "dist-ucc",
            "UCX_TLS": "tcp,cuda",
            "UCC_TLS": "nccl,ucp,cuda",
            "UCC_TL_UCP_TUNE": "cuda:0",  # don't use UCP TL on CUDA as it is not well supported
            "UCC_EC_CUDA_USE_COOPERATIVE_LAUNCH": "n",  # CI nodes (M60) fail if it is on
        }

# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2549939/get-signal-names-from-numbers-in-python
SIGNALS_TO_NAMES_DICT = {
    getattr(signal, n): n for n in dir(signal) if n.startswith("SIG") and "_" not in n
}

CPP_EXTENSIONS_ERROR = """
Ninja (https://ninja-build.org) is required for some of the C++ extensions
tests, but it could not be found. Install ninja with `pip install ninja`
or `conda install ninja`. Alternatively, disable said tests with
`run_test.py --exclude test_cpp_extensions_aot_ninja test_cpp_extensions_jit`.
"""

PYTORCH_COLLECT_COVERAGE = bool(os.environ.get("PYTORCH_COLLECT_COVERAGE"))

JIT_EXECUTOR_TESTS = [
    "test_jit_profiling",
    "test_jit_legacy",
    "test_jit_fuser_legacy",
]

INDUCTOR_TESTS = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith(INDUCTOR_TEST_PREFIX)]
DISTRIBUTED_TESTS = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith(DISTRIBUTED_TEST_PREFIX)]
TORCH_EXPORT_TESTS = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith("export")]
FUNCTORCH_TESTS = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith("functorch")]
ONNX_TESTS = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith("onnx")]
CPP_TESTS = [test for test in TESTS if test.startswith(CPP_TEST_PREFIX)]

TESTS_REQUIRING_LAPACK = [
    "distributions/test_constraints",
    "distributions/test_distributions",
]

# These are just the slowest ones, this isn't an exhaustive list.
TESTS_NOT_USING_GRADCHECK = [
    # Note that you should use skipIfSlowGradcheckEnv if you do not wish to
    # skip all the tests in that file, e.g. test_mps
    "doctests",
    "test_meta",
    "test_hub",
    "test_fx",
    "test_decomp",
    "test_cpp_extensions_jit",
    "test_jit",
    "test_ops",
    "test_ops_jit",
    "dynamo/test_recompile_ux",
    "inductor/test_smoke",
    "test_quantization",
]


def print_to_stderr(message):
    print(message, file=sys.stderr)


def get_executable_command(options, disable_coverage=False, is_cpp_test=False):
    if options.coverage and not disable_coverage:
        if not is_cpp_test:
            executable = ["coverage", "run", "--parallel-mode", "--source=torch"]
        else:
            # TODO: C++ with coverage is not yet supported
            executable = []
    else:
        if not is_cpp_test:
            executable = [sys.executable, "-bb"]
        else:
            executable = ["pytest"]

    return executable


def run_test(
    test_module: ShardedTest,
    test_directory,
    options,
    launcher_cmd=None,
    extra_unittest_args=None,
    env=None,
    print_log=True,
) -> int:
    env = env or os.environ.copy()
    maybe_set_hip_visible_devies()
    unittest_args = options.additional_args.copy()
    test_file = test_module.name
    stepcurrent_key = test_file

    is_distributed_test = test_file.startswith(DISTRIBUTED_TEST_PREFIX)
    is_cpp_test = test_file.startswith(CPP_TEST_PREFIX)
    # NB: Rerun disabled tests depends on pytest-flakefinder and it doesn't work with
    # pytest-cpp atm. We also don't have support to disable C++ test yet, so it's ok
    # to just return successfully here
    if is_cpp_test and RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS:
        print_to_stderr(
            "Skipping C++ tests when running under RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS mode"
        )
        return 0

    if is_cpp_test:
        stepcurrent_key = f"{test_file}_{os.urandom(8).hex()}"
    else:
        unittest_args.extend(
            [
                f"--shard-id={test_module.shard}",
                f"--num-shards={test_module.num_shards}",
            ]
        )
        stepcurrent_key = f"{test_file}_{test_module.shard}_{os.urandom(8).hex()}"

    if options.verbose:
        unittest_args.append(f'-{"v" * options.verbose}')  # in case of pytest

    if test_file in RUN_PARALLEL_BLOCKLIST:
        unittest_args = [
            arg for arg in unittest_args if not arg.startswith("--run-parallel")
        ]

    if extra_unittest_args:
        assert isinstance(extra_unittest_args, list)
        unittest_args.extend(extra_unittest_args)

    # If using pytest, replace -f with equivalent -x
    if options.pytest:
        unittest_args.extend(
            get_pytest_args(
                options,
                is_cpp_test=is_cpp_test,
                is_distributed_test=is_distributed_test,
            )
        )
        unittest_args.extend(test_module.get_pytest_args())
        unittest_args = [arg if arg != "-f" else "-x" for arg in unittest_args]

    # NB: These features are not available for C++ tests, but there is little incentive
    # to implement it because we have never seen a flaky C++ test before.
    if IS_CI and not is_cpp_test:
        ci_args = ["--import-slow-tests", "--import-disabled-tests"]
        if RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS:
            ci_args.append("--rerun-disabled-tests")
        # use the downloaded test cases configuration, not supported in pytest
        unittest_args.extend(ci_args)

    if test_file in PYTEST_SKIP_RETRIES:
        if not options.pytest:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "A test running without pytest cannot skip retries using "
                "the PYTEST_SKIP_RETRIES set."
            )
        unittest_args = [arg for arg in unittest_args if "--reruns" not in arg]

    # Extra arguments are not supported with pytest
    executable = get_executable_command(options, is_cpp_test=is_cpp_test)
    if not executable:
        # If there is no eligible executable returning here, it means an unsupported
        # case such as coverage for C++ test. So just returning ok makes sense
        return 0

    if test_file.startswith(CPP_TEST_PREFIX):
        # C++ tests are not the regular test directory
        if CPP_TESTS_DIR:
            cpp_test = os.path.join(
                CPP_TESTS_DIR,
                test_file.replace(f"{CPP_TEST_PREFIX}/", ""),
            )
        else:
            cpp_test = os.path.join(
                pathlib.Path(test_directory).parent,
                CPP_TEST_PATH,
                test_file.replace(f"{CPP_TEST_PREFIX}/", ""),
            )

        argv = [
            cpp_test if sys.platform != "win32" else cpp_test + ".exe"
        ] + unittest_args
    else:
        # Can't call `python -m unittest test_*` here because it doesn't run code
        # in `if __name__ == '__main__': `. So call `python test_*.py` instead.
        argv = [test_file + ".py"] + unittest_args

    os.makedirs(REPO_ROOT / "test" / "test-reports", exist_ok=True)
    if options.pipe_logs:
        log_fd, log_path = tempfile.mkstemp(
            dir=REPO_ROOT / "test" / "test-reports",
            prefix=f"{sanitize_file_name(str(test_module))}_",
            suffix="_toprint.log",
        )
        os.close(log_fd)

    command = (launcher_cmd or []) + executable + argv
    should_retry = (
        "--subprocess" not in command
        and not RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS
        and not is_cpp_test
        and "-n" not in command
    )
    timeout = (
        None
        if not options.enable_timeout
        else THRESHOLD * 6
        if IS_SLOW
        else THRESHOLD * 3
        if should_retry
        and isinstance(test_module, ShardedTest)
        and test_module.time is not None
        else THRESHOLD * 3
        if is_cpp_test
        else None
    )
    print_to_stderr(f"Executing {command} ... [{datetime.now()}]")

    with ExitStack() as stack:
        output = None
        if options.pipe_logs:
            output = stack.enter_context(open(log_path, "w"))

        if should_retry:
            ret_code, was_rerun = run_test_retries(
                command,
                test_directory,
                env,
                timeout,
                stepcurrent_key,
                output,
                options.continue_through_error,
            )
        else:
            command.extend([f"--sc={stepcurrent_key}", "--print-items"])
            ret_code, was_rerun = retry_shell(
                command,
                test_directory,
                stdout=output,
                stderr=output,
                env=env,
                timeout=timeout,
                retries=0,
            )

            # Pytest return code 5 means no test is collected. Exit code 4 is
            # returned when the binary is not a C++ test executable, but 4 can
            # also be returned if the file fails before running any tests. All
            # binary files under build/bin that are not C++ test at the time of
            # this writing have been excluded and new ones should be added to
            # the list of exclusions in tools/testing/discover_tests.py
            ret_code = 0 if ret_code == 5 else ret_code

    if options.pipe_logs and print_log:
        handle_log_file(
            test_module, log_path, failed=(ret_code != 0), was_rerun=was_rerun
        )
    return ret_code


def run_test_retries(
    command,
    test_directory,
    env,
    timeout,
    stepcurrent_key,
    output,
    continue_through_error,
):
    # Run the test with -x to stop at first failure. Try again, skipping the
    # previously run tests, repeating this until there is a test that fails 3
    # times (same number of rVetries we typically give).
    #
    # If continue through error is not set, then we fail fast.
    #
    # If continue through error is set, then we skip that test, and keep going.
    # Basically if the same test fails 3 times in a row, skip the test on the
    # next run, but still fail in the end. I take advantage of the value saved
    # in stepcurrent to keep track of the most recently run test (which is the
    # one that failed if there was a failure).

    def print_to_file(s):
        print(s, file=output, flush=True)

    num_failures = defaultdict(int)

    print_items = ["--print-items"]
    sc_command = f"--sc={stepcurrent_key}"
    while True:
        ret_code, _ = retry_shell(
            command + [sc_command] + print_items,
            test_directory,
            stdout=output,
            stderr=output,
            env=env,
            timeout=timeout,
            retries=0,  # no retries here, we do it ourselves, this is because it handles timeout exceptions well
        )
        ret_code = 0 if ret_code == 5 else ret_code
        if ret_code == 0:
            break  # Got to the end of the test suite successfully
        signal_name = f" ({SIGNALS_TO_NAMES_DICT[-ret_code]})" if ret_code < 0 else ""
        print_to_file(f"Got exit code {ret_code}{signal_name}")

        # Read what just failed
        try:
            with open(
                REPO_ROOT / ".pytest_cache/v/cache/stepcurrent" / stepcurrent_key
            ) as f:
                current_failure = f.read()
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print_to_file(
                "No stepcurrent file found. Either pytest didn't get to run (e.g. import error)"
                + " or file got deleted (contact dev infra)"
            )
            break

        num_failures[current_failure] += 1
        if num_failures[current_failure] >= 3:
            if not continue_through_error:
                print_to_file("Stopping at first consistent failure")
                break
            sc_command = f"--scs={stepcurrent_key}"
        else:
            sc_command = f"--sc={stepcurrent_key}"
        print_to_file("Retrying...")
        # Print full c++ stack traces during retries
        # Don't do it for macos inductor tests as it makes them
        # segfault for some reason
        if not (
            IS_MACOS
            and len(command) >= 2
            and command[2].startswith(INDUCTOR_TEST_PREFIX)
        ):
            env = env or {}
            env["TORCH_SHOW_CPP_STACKTRACES"] = "1"
        print_items = []  # do not continue printing them, massive waste of space

    consistent_failures = [x[1:-1] for x in num_failures.keys() if num_failures[x] >= 3]
    flaky_failures = [x[1:-1] for x in num_failures.keys() if 0 < num_failures[x] < 3]
    if len(flaky_failures) > 0:
        print_to_file(
            "The following tests failed and then succeeded when run in a new process"
            + f"{flaky_failures}",
        )
    if len(consistent_failures) > 0:
        print_to_file(f"The following tests failed consistently: {consistent_failures}")
        return 1, True
    return ret_code, any(x > 0 for x in num_failures.values())


def run_test_with_subprocess(test_module, test_directory, options):
    return run_test(
        test_module, test_directory, options, extra_unittest_args=["--subprocess"]
    )


def _test_cpp_extensions_aot(test_directory, options, use_ninja):
    if use_ninja:
        try:
            from torch.utils import cpp_extension

            cpp_extension.verify_ninja_availability()
        except RuntimeError:
            print_to_stderr(CPP_EXTENSIONS_ERROR)
            return 1

    # Wipe the build folder, if it exists already
    cpp_extensions_test_dir = os.path.join(test_directory, "cpp_extensions")
    cpp_extensions_test_build_dir = os.path.join(cpp_extensions_test_dir, "build")
    if os.path.exists(cpp_extensions_test_build_dir):
        shutil.rmtree(cpp_extensions_test_build_dir)

    # Build the test cpp extensions modules
    shell_env = os.environ.copy()
    shell_env["USE_NINJA"] = str(1 if use_ninja else 0)
    cmd = [sys.executable, "setup.py", "install", "--root", "./install"]
    return_code = shell(cmd, cwd=cpp_extensions_test_dir, env=shell_env)
    if return_code != 0:
        return return_code
    if sys.platform != "win32":
        return_code = shell(
            cmd,
            cwd=os.path.join(cpp_extensions_test_dir, "no_python_abi_suffix_test"),
            env=shell_env,
        )
        if return_code != 0:
            return return_code

    # "install" the test modules and run tests
    python_path = os.environ.get("PYTHONPATH", "")
    from shutil import copyfile

    os.environ["USE_NINJA"] = shell_env["USE_NINJA"]
    test_module = "test_cpp_extensions_aot" + ("_ninja" if use_ninja else "_no_ninja")
    copyfile(
        test_directory + "/test_cpp_extensions_aot.py",
        test_directory + "/" + test_module + ".py",
    )
    try:
        cpp_extensions = os.path.join(test_directory, "cpp_extensions")
        install_directory = ""
        # install directory is the one that is named site-packages
        for root, directories, _ in os.walk(os.path.join(cpp_extensions, "install")):
            for directory in directories:
                if "-packages" in directory:
                    install_directory = os.path.join(root, directory)

        assert install_directory, "install_directory must not be empty"
        os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] = os.pathsep.join([install_directory, python_path])
        return run_test(ShardedTest(test_module, 1, 1), test_directory, options)
    finally:
        os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] = python_path
        if os.path.exists(test_directory + "/" + test_module + ".py"):
            os.remove(test_directory + "/" + test_module + ".py")
        os.environ.pop("USE_NINJA")


def test_cpp_extensions_aot_ninja(test_module, test_directory, options):
    return _test_cpp_extensions_aot(test_directory, options, use_ninja=True)


def test_cpp_extensions_aot_no_ninja(test_module, test_directory, options):
    return _test_cpp_extensions_aot(test_directory, options, use_ninja=False)


def test_distributed(test_module, test_directory, options):
    # MPI tests are broken with Python-3.9
    mpi_available = subprocess.call(
        "command -v mpiexec", shell=True
    ) == 0 and sys.version_info < (3, 9)
    if options.verbose and not mpi_available:
        print_to_stderr("MPI not available -- MPI backend tests will be skipped")

    config = DISTRIBUTED_TESTS_CONFIG
    for backend, env_vars in config.items():
        if sys.platform == "win32" and backend != "gloo":
            continue
        if backend == "mpi" and not mpi_available:
            continue
        for with_init_file in {True, False}:
            if sys.platform == "win32" and not with_init_file:
                continue
            tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
            if options.verbose:
                init_str = "with {} init_method"
                with_init = init_str.format("file" if with_init_file else "env")
                print_to_stderr(
                    f"Running distributed tests for the {backend} backend {with_init}"
                )
            old_environ = dict(os.environ)
            os.environ["TEMP_DIR"] = tmp_dir
            os.environ["BACKEND"] = backend
            os.environ.update(env_vars)
            try:
                os.mkdir(os.path.join(tmp_dir, "barrier"))
                os.mkdir(os.path.join(tmp_dir, "test_dir"))
                if backend == "mpi":
                    # test mpiexec for --noprefix option
                    with open(os.devnull, "w") as devnull:
                        allowrunasroot_opt = (
                            "--allow-run-as-root"
                            if subprocess.call(
                                'mpiexec --allow-run-as-root -n 1 bash -c ""',
                                shell=True,
                                stdout=devnull,
                                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                            )
                            == 0
                            else ""
                        )
                        noprefix_opt = (
                            "--noprefix"
                            if subprocess.call(
                                f'mpiexec {allowrunasroot_opt} -n 1 --noprefix bash -c ""',
                                shell=True,
                                stdout=devnull,
                                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                            )
                            == 0
                            else ""
                        )

                    mpiexec = ["mpiexec", "-n", "3", noprefix_opt, allowrunasroot_opt]

                    return_code = run_test(
                        test_module, test_directory, options, launcher_cmd=mpiexec
                    )
                else:
                    return_code = run_test(
                        test_module,
                        test_directory,
                        options,
                        extra_unittest_args=["--subprocess"],
                    )
                if return_code != 0:
                    return return_code
            finally:
                shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
                os.environ.clear()
                os.environ.update(old_environ)
    return 0


def run_doctests(test_module, test_directory, options):
    """
    Assumes the incoming test module is called doctest, and simply executes the
    xdoctest runner on the torch library itself.
    """
    import pathlib

    import xdoctest

    pkgpath = pathlib.Path(torch.__file__).parent

    exclude_module_list = ["torch._vendor.*"]
    enabled = {
        # TODO: expose these options to the user
        # For now disable all feature-conditional tests
        # 'lapack': 'auto',
        # 'cuda': 'auto',
        # 'cuda1': 'auto',
        # 'qengine': 'auto',
        "lapack": 0,
        "cuda": 0,
        "cuda1": 0,
        "qengine": 0,
        "autograd_profiler": 0,
        "cpp_ext": 0,
        "monitor": 0,
        "onnx": "auto",
    }

    # Resolve "auto" based on a test to determine if the feature is available.
    if enabled["cuda"] == "auto" and torch.cuda.is_available():
        enabled["cuda"] = True

    if (
        enabled["cuda1"] == "auto"
        and torch.cuda.is_available()
        and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1
    ):
        enabled["cuda1"] = True

    if enabled["lapack"] == "auto" and torch._C.has_lapack:
        enabled["lapack"] = True

    if enabled["qengine"] == "auto":
        try:
            # Is there a better check if quantization is enabled?
            import torch.ao.nn.quantized as nnq  # NOQA: F401

            torch.backends.quantized.engine = "qnnpack"
            torch.backends.quantized.engine = "fbgemm"
        except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
            ...
        else:
            enabled["qengine"] = True

    if enabled["onnx"] == "auto":
        try:
            import onnx  # NOQA: F401
            import onnxruntime  # NOQA: F401
            import onnxscript  # NOQA: F401
        except ImportError:
            exclude_module_list.append("torch.onnx.*")
            enabled["onnx"] = False
        else:
            enabled["onnx"] = True

    # Set doctest environment variables
    if enabled["cuda"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_CUDA"] = "1"

    if enabled["cuda1"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_CUDA1"] = "1"

    if enabled["lapack"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_LAPACK"] = "1"

    if enabled["qengine"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_QENGINE"] = "1"

    if enabled["autograd_profiler"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_AUTOGRAD_PROFILER"] = "1"

    if enabled["cpp_ext"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_CPP_EXT"] = "1"

    if enabled["monitor"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_MONITOR"] = "1"

    if enabled["onnx"]:
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_ONNX"] = "1"

    if 0:
        # TODO: could try to enable some of these
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_QUANTIZED_DYNAMIC"] = "1"
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_ANOMALY"] = "1"
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_AUTOGRAD"] = "1"
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_HUB"] = "1"
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_DATALOADER"] = "1"
        os.environ["TORCH_DOCTEST_FUTURES"] = "1"

    pkgpath = os.path.dirname(torch.__file__)

    xdoctest_config = {
        "global_exec": r"\n".join(
            [
                "from torch import nn",
                "import torch.nn.functional as F",
                "import torch",
            ]
        ),
        "analysis": "static",  # set to "auto" to test doctests in compiled modules
        "style": "google",
        "options": "+IGNORE_WHITESPACE",
    }
    xdoctest_verbose = max(1, options.verbose)
    run_summary = xdoctest.runner.doctest_module(
        os.fspath(pkgpath),
        config=xdoctest_config,
        verbose=xdoctest_verbose,
        command=options.xdoctest_command,
        argv=[],
        exclude=exclude_module_list,
    )
    result = 1 if run_summary.get("n_failed", 0) else 0
    return result


def sanitize_file_name(file: str):
    return file.replace("\\", ".").replace("/", ".").replace(" ", "_")


def handle_log_file(
    test: ShardedTest, file_path: str, failed: bool, was_rerun: bool
) -> None:
    test = str(test)
    with open(file_path, errors="ignore") as f:
        full_text = f.read()

    new_file = "test/test-reports/" + sanitize_file_name(
        f"{test}_{os.urandom(8).hex()}_.log"
    )
    os.rename(file_path, REPO_ROOT / new_file)

    if not failed and not was_rerun and "=== RERUNS ===" not in full_text:
        # If success + no retries (idk how else to check for test level retries
        # other than reparse xml), print only what tests ran
        print_to_stderr(
            f"\n{test} was successful, full logs can be found in artifacts with path {new_file}"
        )
        for line in full_text.splitlines():
            if re.search("Running .* items in this shard:", line):
                print_to_stderr(line.rstrip())
        print_to_stderr("")
        return

    # otherwise: print entire file
    print_to_stderr(f"\nPRINTING LOG FILE of {test} ({new_file})")
    print_to_stderr(full_text)
    print_to_stderr(f"FINISHED PRINTING LOG FILE of {test} ({new_file})\n")


def get_pytest_args(options, is_cpp_test=False, is_distributed_test=False):
    if RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS:
        # Distributed tests are too slow, so running them x50 will cause the jobs to timeout after
        # 3+ hours. So, let's opt for less number of reruns. We need at least 150 instances of the
        # test every 2 weeks to satisfy the Rockset query (15 x 14 = 210). The same logic applies
        # to ASAN, which is also slow
        count = 15 if is_distributed_test or TEST_WITH_ASAN else 50
        # When under rerun-disabled-tests mode, run the same tests multiple times to determine their
        # flakiness status. Default to 50 re-runs
        rerun_options = ["--flake-finder", f"--flake-runs={count}"]
    else:
        # When under the normal mode, retry a failed test 2 more times. -x means stop at the first
        # failure
        rerun_options = ["-x", "--reruns=2"]

    pytest_args = [
        "-vv",
        "-rfEX",
    ]
    if not is_cpp_test:
        # C++ tests need to be run with pytest directly, not via python
        # We have a custom pytest shard that conflicts with the normal plugin
        pytest_args.extend(["-p", "no:xdist", "--use-pytest"])
    else:
        # Use pytext-dist to run C++ tests in parallel as running them sequentially using run_test
        # is much slower than running them directly
        pytest_args.extend(["-n", str(NUM_PROCS)])

        if IS_CI:
            # Add the option to generate XML test report here as C++ tests
            # won't go into common_utils
            test_report_path = get_report_path(pytest=True)
            pytest_args.extend(["--junit-xml-reruns", test_report_path])

    if options.pytest_k_expr:
        pytest_args.extend(["-k", options.pytest_k_expr])

    pytest_args.extend(rerun_options)
    return pytest_args


def run_ci_sanity_check(test: ShardedTest, test_directory, options):
    assert (
        test.name == "test_ci_sanity_check_fail"
    ), f"This handler only works for test_ci_sanity_check_fail, got {test.name}"
    ret_code = run_test(test, test_directory, options, print_log=False)
    # This test should fail
    if ret_code != 1:
        return 1
    test_reports_dir = str(REPO_ROOT / "test/test-reports")
    # Delete the log files and xmls generated by the test
    for file in glob.glob(f"{test_reports_dir}/{test.name}*.log"):
        os.remove(file)
    for dirname in glob.glob(f"{test_reports_dir}/**/{test.name}"):
        shutil.rmtree(dirname)
    return 0


CUSTOM_HANDLERS = {
    "test_cuda_primary_ctx": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "test_cuda_nvml_based_avail": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "test_cuda_trace": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "test_cpp_extensions_aot_no_ninja": test_cpp_extensions_aot_no_ninja,
    "test_cpp_extensions_aot_ninja": test_cpp_extensions_aot_ninja,
    "distributed/test_distributed_spawn": test_distributed,
    "distributed/algorithms/quantization/test_quantization": test_distributed,
    "distributed/test_c10d_nccl": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_c10d_gloo": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_c10d_ucc": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_c10d_common": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_c10d_spawn_gloo": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_c10d_spawn_nccl": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_c10d_spawn_ucc": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_store": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/test_pg_wrapper": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/rpc/test_faulty_agent": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/rpc/test_tensorpipe_agent": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/rpc/test_share_memory": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "distributed/rpc/cuda/test_tensorpipe_agent": run_test_with_subprocess,
    "doctests": run_doctests,
    "test_ci_sanity_check_fail": run_ci_sanity_check,
}


PYTEST_SKIP_RETRIES = {"test_public_bindings"}


def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Run the PyTorch unit test suite",
        epilog="where TESTS is any of: {}".format(", ".join(TESTS)),
        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-v",
        "--verbose",
        action="count",
        default=0,
        help="Print verbose information and test-by-test results",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--jit", "--jit", action="store_true", help="run all jit tests")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--distributed-tests",
        "--distributed-tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="Run all distributed tests",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--functorch",
        "--functorch",
        action="store_true",
        help=(
            "If this flag is present, we will only run functorch tests. "
            "If this flag is not present, we will run all tests "
            "(including functorch tests)."
        ),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--mps",
        "--mps",
        action="store_true",
        help=("If this flag is present, we will only run test_mps and test_metal"),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--xpu",
        "--xpu",
        action="store_true",
        help=("If this flag is present, we will run xpu tests except XPU_BLOCK_LIST"),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--cpp",
        "--cpp",
        action="store_true",
        help=("If this flag is present, we will only run C++ tests"),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-core",
        "--core",
        action="store_true",
        help="Only run core tests, or tests that validate PyTorch's ops, modules,"
        "and autograd. They are defined by CORE_TEST_LIST.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--onnx",
        "--onnx",
        action="store_true",
        help=(
            "Only run ONNX tests, or tests that validate PyTorch's ONNX export. "
            "If this flag is not present, we will exclude ONNX tests."
        ),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-k",
        "--pytest-k-expr",
        default="",
        help="Pass to pytest as its -k expr argument",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-c",
        "--coverage",
        action="store_true",
        help="enable coverage",
        default=PYTORCH_COLLECT_COVERAGE,
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-i",
        "--include",
        nargs="+",
        choices=TestChoices(TESTS),
        default=TESTS,
        metavar="TESTS",
        help="select a set of tests to include (defaults to ALL tests)."
        " tests must be a part of the TESTS list defined in run_test.py",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-x",
        "--exclude",
        nargs="+",
        choices=TESTS,
        metavar="TESTS",
        default=[],
        help="select a set of tests to exclude",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--ignore-win-blocklist",
        action="store_true",
        help="always run blocklisted windows tests",
    )
    # NS: Disable target determination until it can be made more reliable
    # parser.add_argument(
    #     "--determine-from",
    #     help="File of affected source filenames to determine which tests to run.",
    # )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--continue-through-error",
        "--keep-going",
        action="store_true",
        help="Runs the full test suite despite one of the tests failing",
        default=strtobool(os.environ.get("CONTINUE_THROUGH_ERROR", "False")),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--pipe-logs",
        action="store_true",
        help="Print logs to output file while running tests.  True if in CI and env var is not set",
        default=IS_CI and not strtobool(os.environ.get("VERBOSE_TEST_LOGS", "False")),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable-timeout",
        action="store_true",
        help="Set a timeout based on the test times json file.  Only works if there are test times available",
        default=IS_CI and not strtobool(os.environ.get("NO_TEST_TIMEOUT", "False")),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable-td",
        action="store_true",
        help="Enables removing tests based on TD",
        default=IS_CI
        and (
            TEST_WITH_CROSSREF
            or TEST_WITH_ASAN
            or (TEST_CONFIG == "distributed" and TEST_CUDA)
            or (IS_WINDOWS and not TEST_CUDA)
            or TEST_CONFIG == "nogpu_AVX512"
            or TEST_CONFIG == "nogpu_NO_AVX2"
            or TEST_CONFIG == "default"
        )
        and get_pr_number() is not None
        and not strtobool(os.environ.get("NO_TD", "False"))
        and not TEST_WITH_ROCM
        and not IS_MACOS
        and "xpu" not in BUILD_ENVIRONMENT
        and "onnx" not in BUILD_ENVIRONMENT
        and os.environ.get("GITHUB_WORKFLOW", "slow") in ("trunk", "pull"),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--shard",
        nargs=2,
        type=int,
        help="runs a shard of the tests (taking into account other selections), e.g., "
        "--shard 2 3 will break up the selected tests into 3 shards and run the tests "
        "in the 2nd shard (the first number should not exceed the second)",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--exclude-jit-executor",
        action="store_true",
        help="exclude tests that are run for a specific jit config",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--exclude-torch-export-tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="exclude torch export tests",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--exclude-distributed-tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="exclude distributed tests",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--exclude-inductor-tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="exclude inductor tests",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dry-run",
        action="store_true",
        help="Only list the test that will run.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--xdoctest-command",
        default="all",
        help=(
            "Control the specific doctest action. "
            "Use 'list' to simply parse doctests and check syntax. "
            "Use 'all' to execute all doctests or specify a specific "
            "doctest to run"
        ),
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--no-translation-validation",
        action="store_false",
        help="Run tests without translation validation.",
    )

    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    group.add_argument(
        "--dynamo",
        action="store_true",
        help="Run tests with TorchDynamo+EagerBackend turned on",
    )
    group.add_argument(
        "--inductor",
        action="store_true",
        help="Run tests with TorchInductor turned on",
    )

    args, extra = parser.parse_known_args()
    if "--" in extra:
        extra.remove("--")
    args.additional_args = extra
    return args


def exclude_tests(
    exclude_list, selected_tests, exclude_message=None, exact_match=False
):
    for exclude_test in exclude_list:
        tests_copy = selected_tests[:]
        for test in tests_copy:
            if (
                not exact_match and test.startswith(exclude_test)
            ) or test == exclude_test:
                if exclude_message is not None:
                    print_to_stderr(f"Excluding {test} {exclude_message}")
                selected_tests.remove(test)
    return selected_tests


def must_serial(file: Union[str, ShardedTest]) -> bool:
    if isinstance(file, ShardedTest):
        file = file.name
    return (
        os.getenv("PYTORCH_TEST_RUN_EVERYTHING_IN_SERIAL", "0") == "1"
        or DISTRIBUTED_TEST_PREFIX in os.getenv("TEST_CONFIG", "")
        or DISTRIBUTED_TEST_PREFIX in file
        or file in CUSTOM_HANDLERS
        or file in RUN_PARALLEL_BLOCKLIST
        or file in CI_SERIAL_LIST
        or file in JIT_EXECUTOR_TESTS
        or file in ONNX_SERIAL_LIST
        or NUM_PROCS == 1
    )


def can_run_in_pytest(test):
    return os.getenv("PYTORCH_TEST_DO_NOT_USE_PYTEST", "0") == "0"


def get_selected_tests(options) -> List[str]:
    selected_tests = options.include

    # filter if there's JIT only and distributed only test options
    if options.jit:
        selected_tests = list(
            filter(lambda test_name: "jit" in test_name, selected_tests)
        )

    if options.distributed_tests:
        selected_tests = list(
            filter(lambda test_name: test_name in DISTRIBUTED_TESTS, selected_tests)
        )

    # Filter to only run core tests when --core option is specified
    if options.core:
        selected_tests = list(
            filter(lambda test_name: test_name in CORE_TEST_LIST, selected_tests)
        )

    # Filter to only run functorch tests when --functorch option is specified
    if options.functorch:
        selected_tests = [tname for tname in selected_tests if tname in FUNCTORCH_TESTS]

    if options.cpp:
        selected_tests = [tname for tname in selected_tests if tname in CPP_TESTS]
    else:
        # Exclude all C++ tests otherwise as they are still handled differently
        # than Python test at the moment
        options.exclude.extend(CPP_TESTS)

    if options.mps:
        selected_tests = ["test_mps", "test_metal", "test_modules"]
    else:
        # Exclude all mps tests otherwise
        options.exclude.extend(["test_mps", "test_metal"])

    if options.xpu:
        selected_tests = exclude_tests(XPU_BLOCKLIST, selected_tests, "on XPU")
    else:
        # Exclude all xpu specifc tests otherwise
        options.exclude.extend(XPU_TEST)

    # Filter to only run onnx tests when --onnx option is specified
    onnx_tests = [tname for tname in selected_tests if tname in ONNX_TESTS]
    if options.onnx:
        selected_tests = onnx_tests
    else:
        # Exclude all onnx tests otherwise
        options.exclude.extend(onnx_tests)

    # process exclusion
    if options.exclude_jit_executor:
        options.exclude.extend(JIT_EXECUTOR_TESTS)

    if options.exclude_distributed_tests:
        options.exclude.extend(DISTRIBUTED_TESTS)

    if options.exclude_inductor_tests:
        options.exclude.extend(INDUCTOR_TESTS)

    if options.exclude_torch_export_tests:
        options.exclude.extend(TORCH_EXPORT_TESTS)

    # these tests failing in CUDA 11.6 temporary disabling. issue https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/75375
    if torch.version.cuda is not None:
        options.exclude.extend(["distributions/test_constraints"])

    # these tests failing in Python 3.12 temporarily disabling
    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
        options.exclude.extend(
            [
                "functorch/test_dims",
                "functorch/test_rearrange",
                "functorch/test_parsing",
                "functorch/test_memory_efficient_fusion",
                "torch_np/numpy_tests/core/test_multiarray",
            ]
        )

    selected_tests = exclude_tests(options.exclude, selected_tests)

    if sys.platform == "win32" and not options.ignore_win_blocklist:
        target_arch = os.environ.get("VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH")
        if target_arch != "x64":
            WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST.append("cpp_extensions_aot_no_ninja")
            WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST.append("cpp_extensions_aot_ninja")
            WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST.append("cpp_extensions_jit")
            WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST.append("jit")
            WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST.append("jit_fuser")

        selected_tests = exclude_tests(WINDOWS_BLOCKLIST, selected_tests, "on Windows")

    elif TEST_WITH_ROCM:
        selected_tests = exclude_tests(ROCM_BLOCKLIST, selected_tests, "on ROCm")

    # skip all distributed tests if distributed package is not available.
    if not dist.is_available():
        selected_tests = exclude_tests(
            DISTRIBUTED_TESTS,
            selected_tests,
            "PyTorch is built without distributed support.",
        )

    # skip tests that require LAPACK when it's not available
    if not torch._C.has_lapack:
        selected_tests = exclude_tests(
            TESTS_REQUIRING_LAPACK,
            selected_tests,
            "PyTorch is built without LAPACK support.",
        )

    if TEST_WITH_SLOW_GRADCHECK:
        selected_tests = exclude_tests(
            TESTS_NOT_USING_GRADCHECK,
            selected_tests,
            "Running in slow gradcheck mode, skipping tests "
            "that don't use gradcheck.",
            exact_match=True,
        )

    selected_tests = [parse_test_module(x) for x in selected_tests]
    return selected_tests


def load_test_times_from_file(
    file: str,
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    # Load previous test times to make sharding decisions
    path = os.path.join(str(REPO_ROOT), file)
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        print_to_stderr(
            f"::warning:: Failed to find test times file `{path}`. Using round robin sharding."
        )
        return {}

    with open(path) as f:
        test_times_file = cast(Dict[str, Any], json.load(f))
    build_environment = os.environ.get("BUILD_ENVIRONMENT")
    test_config = os.environ.get("TEST_CONFIG")
    if test_config in test_times_file.get(build_environment, {}):
        print_to_stderr("Found test times from artifacts")
        return test_times_file[build_environment][test_config]
    elif test_config in test_times_file["default"]:
        print_to_stderr(
            f"::warning:: Gathered no stats from artifacts for {build_environment} build env"
            f" and {test_config} test config. Using default build env and {test_config} test config instead."
        )
        return test_times_file["default"][test_config]
    else:
        print_to_stderr(
            f"::warning:: Gathered no stats from artifacts for build env {build_environment} build env"
            f" and {test_config} test config. Using default build env and default test config instead."
        )
        return test_times_file["default"]["default"]


def load_test_file_times(
    file: str = ADDITIONAL_CI_FILES_FOLDER / TEST_TIMES_FILE,
) -> Dict[str, float]:
    return cast(Dict[str, float], load_test_times_from_file(file))


def load_test_class_times(
    file: str = ADDITIONAL_CI_FILES_FOLDER / TEST_CLASS_TIMES_FILE,
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, float]]:
    return cast(Dict[str, Dict[str, float]], load_test_times_from_file(file))


def get_sharding_opts(options) -> Tuple[int, int]:
    which_shard, num_shards = 1, 1
    if options.shard:
        assert len(options.shard) == 2, "Unexpected shard format"
        assert min(options.shard) > 0, "Shards must be positive numbers"
        which_shard, num_shards = options.shard
        assert (
            which_shard <= num_shards
        ), "Selected shard must be less than or equal to total number of shards"

    return (which_shard, num_shards)


def do_sharding(
    options,
    selected_tests: Sequence[TestRun],
    test_file_times: Dict[str, float],
    test_class_times: Dict[str, Dict[str, float]],
    sort_by_time: bool = True,
) -> Tuple[float, List[ShardedTest]]:
    which_shard, num_shards = get_sharding_opts(options)

    # Do sharding
    shards = calculate_shards(
        num_shards,
        selected_tests,
        test_file_times,
        test_class_times=test_class_times,
        must_serial=must_serial,
        sort_by_time=sort_by_time,
    )
    return shards[which_shard - 1]


class TestFailure(NamedTuple):
    test: TestRun
    message: str


def run_test_module(
    test: ShardedTest, test_directory: str, options
) -> Optional[TestFailure]:
    try:
        maybe_set_hip_visible_devies()

        test_name = test.name

        # Printing the date here can help diagnose which tests are slow
        print_to_stderr(f"Running {str(test)} ... [{datetime.now()}]")
        handler = CUSTOM_HANDLERS.get(test_name, run_test)
        return_code = handler(test, test_directory, options)
        assert isinstance(return_code, int) and not isinstance(
            return_code, bool
        ), f"While running {str(test)} got non integer return code {return_code}"
        if return_code == 0:
            return None

        message = f"{str(test)} failed!"
        if return_code < 0:
            # subprocess.Popen returns the child process' exit signal as
            # return code -N, where N is the signal number.
            signal_name = SIGNALS_TO_NAMES_DICT[-return_code]
            message += f" Received signal: {signal_name}"
        return TestFailure(test.test, message)
    except Exception as e:
        return TestFailure(test.test, f"{str(test)} failed! {e}")


def run_tests(
    selected_tests: List[ShardedTest],
    test_directory: str,
    options,
    failures: List[TestFailure],
) -> None:
    if len(selected_tests) == 0:
        return

    # parallel = in parallel with other files
    # serial = this file on it's own.  The file might still be run in parallel with itself (ex test_ops)
    selected_tests_parallel = [x for x in selected_tests if not must_serial(x)]
    selected_tests_serial = [
        x for x in selected_tests if x not in selected_tests_parallel
    ]

    # See Note [ROCm parallel CI testing]
    pool = get_context("spawn").Pool(
        NUM_PROCS, maxtasksperchild=None if torch.version.hip else 1
    )

    # NB: This is a hack to make conftest.py and files it depends on available
    # on CPP_TESTS_DIR. We should see if the file could be turned into a
    # full-fledge ptest plugin instead
    conftest_files = [
        "conftest.py",
        "pytest_shard_custom.py",
    ]
    for conftest_file in conftest_files:
        cpp_file = os.path.join(CPP_TESTS_DIR, conftest_file)
        if (
            options.cpp
            and os.path.exists(CPP_TESTS_DIR)
            and os.path.isdir(CPP_TESTS_DIR)
            and not os.path.exists(cpp_file)
        ):
            shutil.copy(os.path.join(test_directory, conftest_file), cpp_file)

    def handle_error_messages(failure: Optional[TestFailure]):
        if failure is None:
            return False
        failures.append(failure)
        print_to_stderr(failure.message)
        return True

    def parallel_test_completion_callback(failure):
        test_failed = handle_error_messages(failure)
        if (
            test_failed
            and not options.continue_through_error
            and not RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS
        ):
            pool.terminate()

    keep_going_message = (
        "\n\nTip: You can keep running tests even on failure by passing --keep-going to run_test.py.\n"
        "If running on CI, add the 'keep-going' label to your PR and rerun your jobs."
    )

    try:
        for test in selected_tests_serial:
            options_clone = copy.deepcopy(options)
            if can_run_in_pytest(test):
                options_clone.pytest = True
            failure = run_test_module(test, test_directory, options_clone)
            test_failed = handle_error_messages(failure)
            if (
                test_failed
                and not options.continue_through_error
                and not RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS
            ):
                raise RuntimeError(failure.message + keep_going_message)

        # Run tests marked as serial first
        for test in selected_tests_parallel:
            options_clone = copy.deepcopy(options)
            if can_run_in_pytest(test):
                options_clone.pytest = True
            options_clone.additional_args.extend(["-m", "serial"])
            failure = run_test_module(test, test_directory, options_clone)
            test_failed = handle_error_messages(failure)
            if (
                test_failed
                and not options.continue_through_error
                and not RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS
            ):
                raise RuntimeError(failure.message + keep_going_message)

        os.environ["NUM_PARALLEL_PROCS"] = str(NUM_PROCS)
        for test in selected_tests_parallel:
            options_clone = copy.deepcopy(options)
            if can_run_in_pytest(test):
                options_clone.pytest = True
            options_clone.additional_args.extend(["-m", "not serial"])
            pool.apply_async(
                run_test_module,
                args=(test, test_directory, options_clone),
                callback=parallel_test_completion_callback,
            )
        pool.close()
        pool.join()
        del os.environ["NUM_PARALLEL_PROCS"]

    finally:
        pool.terminate()
        pool.join()

    return


def check_pip_packages() -> None:
    packages = [
        "pytest-rerunfailures",
        "pytest-flakefinder",
        "pytest-xdist",
    ]
    installed_packages = [i.key for i in pkg_resources.working_set]
    for package in packages:
        if package not in installed_packages:
            print_to_stderr(
                f"Missing pip dependency: {package}, please run `pip install -r .ci/docker/requirements-ci.txt`"
            )
            sys.exit(1)


def main():
    check_pip_packages()

    options = parse_args()

    # Include sharding info in all metrics
    which_shard, num_shards = get_sharding_opts(options)
    add_global_metric("shard", which_shard)
    add_global_metric("num_shards", num_shards)

    test_directory = str(REPO_ROOT / "test")
    selected_tests = get_selected_tests(options)

    test_prioritizations = import_results()
    test_prioritizations.amend_tests(selected_tests)

    os.makedirs(REPO_ROOT / "test" / "test-reports", exist_ok=True)

    if options.coverage and not PYTORCH_COLLECT_COVERAGE:
        shell(["coverage", "erase"])

    if IS_CI:
        # downloading test cases configuration to local environment
        get_test_case_configs(dirpath=test_directory)

    test_file_times_dict = load_test_file_times()
    test_class_times_dict = load_test_class_times()

    class TestBatch:
        """Defines a set of tests with similar priority that should be run together on the current shard"""

        name: str
        sharded_tests: List[ShardedTest]
        failures: List[TestFailure]

        def __init__(
            self, name: str, raw_tests: Sequence[TestRun], should_sort_shard: bool
        ):
            self.name = name
            self.failures = []
            self.time, self.sharded_tests = do_sharding(
                options,
                raw_tests,
                test_file_times_dict,
                test_class_times_dict,
                sort_by_time=should_sort_shard,
            )

        def __str__(self):
            s = f"Name: {self.name} (est. time: {round(self.time / 60, 2)}min)\n"
            serial = [test for test in self.sharded_tests if must_serial(test)]
            parallel = [test for test in self.sharded_tests if not must_serial(test)]
            s += f"  Serial tests ({len(serial)}):\n"
            s += "".join(f"    {test}\n" for test in serial)
            s += f"  Parallel tests ({len(parallel)}):\n"
            s += "".join(f"    {test}\n" for test in parallel)
            return s.strip()

    percent_to_run = 25 if options.enable_td else 100
    print_to_stderr(
        f"Running {percent_to_run}% of tests based on TD"
        if options.enable_td
        else "Running all tests"
    )
    include, exclude = test_prioritizations.get_top_per_tests(percent_to_run)

    test_batch = TestBatch("tests to run", include, False)
    test_batch_exclude = TestBatch("excluded", exclude, True)
    if IS_CI:
        gen_ci_artifact([x.to_json() for x in include], [x.to_json() for x in exclude])

    print_to_stderr(f"Running parallel tests on {NUM_PROCS} processes")
    print_to_stderr(test_batch)
    print_to_stderr(test_batch_exclude)

    if options.dry_run:
        return

    if options.dynamo:
        os.environ["PYTORCH_TEST_WITH_DYNAMO"] = "1"

    elif options.inductor:
        os.environ["PYTORCH_TEST_WITH_INDUCTOR"] = "1"

    if not options.no_translation_validation:
        os.environ["PYTORCH_TEST_WITH_TV"] = "1"

    try:
        # Actually run the tests
        start_time = time.time()
        elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
        print_to_stderr(
            f"Starting test batch '{test_batch.name}' {round(elapsed_time, 2)} seconds after initiating testing"
        )
        run_tests(
            test_batch.sharded_tests, test_directory, options, test_batch.failures
        )

    finally:
        if options.coverage:
            from coverage import Coverage

            with set_cwd(test_directory):
                cov = Coverage()
                if PYTORCH_COLLECT_COVERAGE:
                    cov.load()
                cov.combine(strict=False)
                cov.save()
                if not PYTORCH_COLLECT_COVERAGE:
                    cov.html_report()

        all_failures = test_batch.failures

        if IS_CI:
            for test, _ in all_failures:
                test_stats = test_prioritizations.get_test_stats(test)
                print_to_stderr("Emiting td_test_failure_stats_v2")
                emit_metric(
                    "td_test_failure_stats_v2",
                    {
                        "selected_tests": selected_tests,
                        "failure": str(test),
                        **test_stats,
                    },
                )
            gen_additional_test_failures_file(
                [test.test_file for test, _ in all_failures]
            )

    if len(all_failures):
        for _, err in all_failures:
            print_to_stderr(err)

        # A disabled test is expected to fail, so there is no need to report a failure here
        if not RERUN_DISABLED_TESTS:
            sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()