From 802f152a7e2a60ad9a31ce8265f6e4aebb485248 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Intern2 Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2019 10:33:56 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] file converted for CTS and EpiDoc compliance --- .../tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml | 1162 +++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1162 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml diff --git a/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml b/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebdbc4cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1162 @@ + + + + + + + Greek and Roman Parallel Stories + Plutarch + Frank Cole Babbitt + Perseus Project, Tufts University + Gregory Crane + + Prepared under the supervision of + Lisa Cerrato + Rashmi Singhal + Bridget Almas + + The National Endowment for the Humanities + + + Trustees of Tufts University + Medford, MA + Perseus Project + 2010-12-13 + + + + + Plutarch + Moralia + + with an English Translation by + Frank Cole Babbitt + + + Cambridge, MA + Harvard University Press + London + William Heinemann Ltd. + 1936 + + 4 + + The Internet Archive + + + + + + +

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+ + GREEK AND ROMAN PARALLEL STORIES (PARALLELA GRAECA ET + ROMANA) +
+ INTRODUCTION +

The Greek and Roman Parallel Stories (sometimes + called the Parallela Minora) are a puzzle. The + use of some strange and barbarous forms, the substitution of the aforesaid + On προειρημένος see W. Schmid, Der Atticismus, iii. pp. 147 + ff. for the usual pronoun of reference (though this is, to be + sure, a prominent characteristic of the work of Polybius), and above all the + atrocious style in which the work is written make it impossible that this + could reasonably be regarded as the work of Plutarch,Contrariwise see Parthenius, + translated by S. Gaselee, in the L.C.L. p. 289 note. though some + scholars, fortunately unknown to Hartman, have actually regarded this work + as one of the sins of Plutarch's otherwise stainless youth.

+

Yet a work of this name is included in Lamprias's list, No. 128 under the + title Διηγήσεις Παράλληλοι Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ + Ῥωμαϊκαὶ and several of these tales are quoted in fullOnly the first, however, + is assigned to Plutarch. in almost the exact words of our ms. + text by Joannes Stobaeus. But the excessive ineptitude of the language quite + excludes the possibility that the work before us can be Plutarch's, if + indeed he ever wrote a book of this sort.

+

S. Luria,in Rheinisches Museum, lxxviii. (1929) p. 94, has suggested that the Parallela and the De Fluviis + Bernardakis's ed. vol. + vii. pp. 282-328. are parodies after the manner of Lucian's + True History; and both Hercher and Hartman + have expressed the opinion that both works are by the same anonymous author, + chiefly because it is difficult to imagine thato such fools as the author of + each discloses himself to be could ever have lived ! The confusion that the + author (ingeniously?) introduces, the forced simplicity of his glaring + misnomers, his many references to authorities that Hercher + Plutarchi libellus de + fluviis (Leipzig, 1851). Schlereth, however, has severely + criticized Hercher's conclusions. On the sources of De Fluviis see Atenstädt, + Hermes, lvii. pp. 219 ff. has + attempted to show never existed,Yet Müller receives them all as Fragmenta Historicorum + Graecorum. It has not been thought worth while to include in the notes + the references to Müller, since no additional information is to be found + there. All the references, however, will be found in the recent Teubner + edition. all have been thought to suggest that the Parallela is a parody of the + comparisons in the Lives ; but J. Schlereth, in + his excellent dissertation De Plutarchi + quae feruntur Parallela Minora (Freiburg, 1931), has with great + learning and acumen attempted to disprove this thesis.It must be noted that many of the + points which Plutarch has selected for comparison in the Lives, that is, in the so-called Συγκρίσεις, are very tenuous, not to say + inept. They would lend themselves readily to parody. On the Σύγκρισις see further F. Focke, Hermes, lviii. pp. 327 ff. His work may + be consulted by anyone who may be curious about the sources, the language, + or the purpose of the Parallela + Minora.

+

Wilhelm Schmid (Philologische + Wochenschrift 1932, coll. 625-634) has reviewed Schlereth's work + with great care. Both Schmid and Nachstädt hold that the citations from + otherwise unknown authors are genuine, not + falsifications of the compiler. Nachstädt, accordingly in the Teubner + edition of 1934, gives all the references, and also adds, for convenient + comparison, the most important passages from Stobaeus, Lydus, and a gnomologicum Parisinum, published + by Sternbach in 1893, which seem to have the same original as the text of + the present work.

+
+ +
+

The greater part of mankind think that tales of ancient events are inventions + and myths because of the incredible elements which they contain. But since I + have discovered that similar events have happened in this modern era, I have + singled out crises of Roman history ; and, to parallel each ancient + happening, I have subjoined a more modern instance. I have also recorded my + authorities.

+
+
+

Datis, the Persian satrap, came to Marathon, a plain of Attica, with an army + of three hundred thousand, encamped there, and declared war on the + inhabitants of the country. The Athenians, however, contemning the barbarian + host, sent out nine thousand men, and appointed as generals Cynegeirus, + Polyzelus, Callimachus, and Miltiades. When this force had engaged the + enemy, Polyzelus, having seen a supernatural vision, lost his sight, and + became blind. Callimachus was pierced with so many spears that, dead though + he was, he stood uprightContrast Lucan, iv. 787 + compressum turba stetit omne + cadaver + ; Ammianus Marcellinus, xviii. 8. 12.; and Cynegeirus, + seizing hold of a Persian ship that was putting out to sea, had his hand + chopped off. + Cf. Herodotus, vi. 114; Stobaeus, + Florilegium, vii. 63 + (iii. p. 328 Hense). + +

+

Hasdrubal the king seized Sicily and declared war on the Romans. Metellus was + elected general by the Senate and was victor in the battle in which Lucius + Glauco, a patrician, seizing hold of Hasdrubal's ship, lost both his hands. + This Aristeides the Milesian relates iii the first book of his Sicilian History ; from him Dionysius Siculus + learned the facts.

+
+
+

Xerxes with five million men anchored near Artemisium and declared war on the + inhabitants. The Athenians were in confusion and sent Agesilaüs, the brother + of Themistocles, as a spy, although his father Neocles had seen in a dream + his son deprived of both his hands. Agesilaüs, arriving among the barbarians + in Persian garb, slew Mardonius, one of the king's bodyguards, supposing him + to be Xerxes. He was arrested by the bystanders and led in bonds to the + king. The aforesaid king was about to offer sacrifice at the altar of the + Sun, and Agesilaüs placed his right hand upon the altar ; and when he had + endured the cruel torture without a groan, he was freed from his bonds, + whereupon he declared, All we Athenians are men of + this sort; if you do not believe me, I will place my left hand also on + the altar. Xerxes was frightened and gave command that he be kept + under guard.Stobaeus, + Florilegium, vii. 64 + (iii. p. 330 Hense). This Agatharchides the Samian relates in the + second book of his Persian History.

+

Porsenna, king of the Etruscans, made a foray on the other side of the river + Tiber and warred against the Romans ; he intercepted their abundant supply + of grain and oppressed the aforesaid with + famine.This passage + is repeated in 307 d, infra. + The senate was in confusion ; but Mucius one of the nobles, with the + consuls' authorization, took four hundred men of his own age in civilian + dress, and crossed the river. He observed one of the tyrant's bodyguards + distributing provisions to the officers and, supposing him to be Porsenna, + killed him. When he was led to the king, he put forth his right hand into + the sacrificial fire ; and dissembling his torments with a stout heart, he + said with a smile, Ruffian, I am free, whether you + will or no. Know that there are against you even now in your camp four + hundred of us that seek to slay you. Porsenna was frightened, and + made a truce with the Romans. + Cf. Livy, ii. 12. This + Aristeides the Milesian relates in the third book of his Histories.

+
+
+

When Argives and Spartans were contending for the Thyreatis, the Amphictyonic + Assembly decreed that three hundred of each should fight, and the country + should belong to the victors. The Spartans accordingly made Othryades their + general, and the Argives made Thersander theirs. In the battle two of the + Argives survived, Agenor and Chromius, who brought to their city the report + of their victory. But when the battlefield was deserted, Othryades revived + and, supporting himself on spear-shafts broken in two, despoiled and + stripped the corpses of their shields ; and when he had erected a trophy, he + wrote with his own blood upon it: ‘To Zeus, + Guardian of Trophies.’ And when the two peoples still disputed over the + victory, the Amphictyonic Assembly, after a personal inspection of the + battlefield, decided in favour of the Spartans. + Cf. Herodotus, i. 82; Stobaeus, Florilegium, vii. 68 (iii. p. + 333, Hense); Valerius Maximus, iii. 2. ext. 4. Stobaeus quotes the story + on the authority of Theseus, and, while his account has quite the same + context, there is a great difference in wording. Thus Chrysermus + in the third book of his Peloponnesian History. +

+

The Romans in a war with the Samnites elected Postumius Albinus general.He as consul 321 b.c. + accodring to Livy, ix. 1. ff., but his death after his defeat was not so + dramatic as is here depicted. He was ambushed at a place called + the Caudine Forks (it is a very narrow pass) and lost three legions, and + himself fell mortally wounded. But in the dead of night he revived for a + little and despoiled the enemy's corpses of their shields. With these he set + up a trophy and, dipping his hand in his blood, wrote upon it : The Romans from the Samnites to Jupiter + Feretrius. But Maximus, surnamed the Glutton,Gurges; cf. Macrobius, Saturnalia, iii. 13. 6. was dispatched as general + and when he had come to the place and had seen the trophy, he gladly + accepted the omen. He attacked the enemy and conquered, and taking their + king prisoner, sent him to Rome. Thus Aristeides the Milesian in the third + book of his Italian Histories.

+
+
+

When the Persians were marching with five million men against Greece, + Leonidas was sent by the Spartans to Thermopylae with three hundred men. + While they were eating and drinking there, the barbarian host attacked them + ; and when Leonidas saw the barbarians, he said, Eat your lunch now as if you were to dine in the + other world. + + Cf. Moralia, 225 d, and the note there (Vol. III. p. + 350). And when he rushed against the barbarians, and was pierced + by many a spear, he made his way up to Xerxes and snatched off his crown. + When he was dead the barbarian king cut out his heart and found it covered + with hair. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, vii. 65 (iii. 330 Hense); Lydus, + De Mensibus 167 (p. 179 + Wünsch). So Aristeides in the firstStobaeus says, in the third. + book of his Persian History.

+

When the Romans were at war with the Carthaginians, they dispatched three + hundred men and Fabius Maximus as their general. He attacked the enemy and + lost all his men, but he himself, although mortally wounded, with a mad rush + reached Hannibal and knocked down his crown, and so died with him. This + Aristeides the Milesian relates.

+
+
+

At the city of Celaenae in Phrygia the earth yawned open, together with a + heavy rain, and dragged down many homesteads with their inhabitants into the + depths. Midas the king received an oracle that if he should throw his most + precious possession into the abyss, it would close. He cast in gold and + silver, but this availed nothing. But Anchurus, the son of Midas, reasoning + that there is nothing in life more precious than a human life, embraced his + father and his wife Timothea, and rode on his horse into the abyss. When the + earth had closed, Midas made an altar of Idaean Zeus golden by a touch of his hand.The golden + touch of Midas. This altar becomes stone at that time of + the year when this yawning of the earth occurred ; but when this limit of + time has passed, it is seen to be golden. + Cf. Stobaeus, vii. 66 (iii. 331 + Hense). So Callisthenes in the second book of his Metamorphoses.

+

Because of the wrath of Jupiter TarpeiusThat is, Capitolinus (e.g. Ovid, Fasti, vi. 34). the Tiber coursed through the middle + of the Forum, broke open a very large abyss and engulfed many houses. An + oracle was given that this would end if they threw in their precious + possession. As they were casting in gold and silver. Curtius, a youth of + noble family, apprehended the meaning of the oracle, and, reasoning that + human life is more precious, he hurled himself on horseback into the abyss, + and saved his people from their miseries. + Cf. Livy, vii. 6; or Dionysius of + Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, xiv. 11. + The story is often referred to. So Aristeides in the fortieth + book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

When the captains that accompanied Polyneices were feasting, an eagle swooped + down and carried the spear of Amphiaraüs up to a height and then let it + drop. The spear became fixed in the earth and was changed into a laurel. The + next day, when the captains were fighting, at that very spot Amphiaraüs was + swallowed up with his chariot, where now is the city that is called + Harma. + City of the Chariot; cf. Pausanias, ix. 19. 4, and the scholium on Clement of + Alexandria, Protrepticus, + ii. 11. 1. So Trisimachus in the third book of his Founding of Cities. +

+

When the Romans were fighting against Pyrrhus of Epeirus, Aemilius Paulus + received an oracle that he should be victorious if he would build an altar + where he should see a man of the nobles with his + chariot swallowed up in an abyss. Three days later Valerius Conatus in a + dream saw a vision which commanded him to don his priestly raiment (he was, + in fact, an expert augur). When he had led forth his men and slain many of + the enemy, he was swallowed up by the earth. Aemilius built an altar, gained + a victory, and sent back an hundred and sixty turreted elephants to Rome. + The altar delivers oracles at that time of year when Pyrrhus was vanquished. + This Critolaüs relates in the third book of his Epeirote History.

+
+
+

Pyraechmes, king of the Euboeans, was at war with the Boeotians. Heracles, + while still a youth, vanquished him. He tied Pyraechmes to colts, tore his + body into two parts, and cast it forth unburied. The place is called Colts of Pyraechmes. It is situated beside the + river Heracleius, and it gives forth a sound of neighing when horses drink + of it. So in the third book of Concerning + Rivers. + + Quis significetur, quaerere non est operae + pretium + (Wyttenbach); at any rate not the author of the De Fluviis in Bernardakis, vol. + vii. +

+

Tullus Hostilius, King of the Romans, waged war with the Albans, whose + kingwas Metius Fufetius. And Tullus repeatedly postponed battle. But the + Albans, assuming his defeat, betook themselves to feasting and drinking. + When they were overcome by wine, Tullus attacked them, and, tying their king + to two colts, tore him apart. + Cf. Livy, i. 28, ad fin. or Dionysius of Halicarnassus, + Roman Antiquities, iii. 30, ad fin. + So Alexarchus in the fourth book of his Italian + History. +

+
+
+

Philip wished to plunder Methonê and Olynthus and, while he was attempting to + force a crossing at the Sandanus river, his eye was + pierced by an arrow from the bow of a certain Olynthian named Aster, who + uttered these words : Aster to Philip sends this + deadly shaft. But Philip swam back to his friends and was saved, + although he lost his eye. So Callisthenes in the third book of his Macedonian + History.

+

Porsenna, king of the Etruscans, made a foray on the other side of the river + Tiber and warred against the Romans, and, by intercepting their abundant + supply of grain, he oppressed the aforesaid with famine.Repeated from 305 e-f, supra. But Horatius Codes, who was + elected general, took possession of the Wooden Bridge and checked the + barbarian horde that sought to cross. But as he was being worsted by the + enemy, he ordered his subordinates to cut down the bridge, and so thwarted + the barbarian horde that sought to cross. When his eye was struck by an + arrow, he threw himself into the river and swam across to his friends. So + Theotimus in the second book of his Italian + History.And + Macaulay in Horatius at the Bridge. +

+
+
+

The story of Icarius who entertained Dionysus : Eratosthenes in his Erigonê. + Cf. Powell, Collectanea Alexandrina, pp. 64 ff., for the + fragments of the Erigonê. Powell is no + doubt right in ignoring this passage, of which Wyttenbach remarks + Noster tenebrio omnia turbavit. + + +

+

Saturn, when once he was entertained by a farmerPresumably Icarius. who had a + fair daughter named Entoria, seduced her and begat Janus, Hymnus, Faustus, + and Felix. He then taught Icarius the use of wine and viniculture, and told him that he should share his knowledge + with his neighbours also. When the neighbours did so and drank more than is + customary, they fell into an unusually deep sleep. Imagining that they had + been poisoned, they pelted Icarius with stones and killed him ; and his + grandchildren in despair ended their lives by hanging themselves. When a + plague had gained a wide hold among the Romans, Apollo gave an oracle that + it would cease if they should appease the wrath of Saturn and the spirits of + those who had perished unlawfully. Lutatius Catulus, one of the nobles, + built for the god the precinct which lies near the Tarpeian Rock. He made + the upper altar with four faces, either because of Icarius's grandchildren + or because the year has four parts ; and he designated a month January. + Saturn placed them all among the stars. The others are called Harbingers of + the Vintage, + Cf. Aratus, Phaenomena, 138, who mentions only one star of this name, + the Vindemiator, which ushers in the autumn. but Janus rises + before them. His star is to be seen just in front of the feet of Virgo. So + Critolaüs in the fourth book of his Phaenomena. +

+
+
+

When the Persians were plundering Greece, Pausanias, the Spartan general, + accepted five hundred talents of gold from Xerxes and intended to betray + Sparta. But when he was detected, Agesilaüs,A mistake for Cleombrotus. + his father, helped to pursue him to the temple of Athena of the Brazen House + ; the father walled up the doors of the shrine with bricks and killed his + son by starvation. + Cf. Thucydides, i. 134: what Ps.-Plut. + tells us here of Pausanias's father is related of his mother Theano in + Diodorus, xi. 45. 6; Polyaenus, Strategemata, viii. 51; Cornelius Nepos, Life of Pausanias, 5. His mother also + cast his body forth unburied.Stobaeus, Florilegium, xxxix. 31 (iii. p. 728 Hense). So + Chrysermus in the second book of his Histories.

+

The Romans in their war with the inhabitants of Latium elected Publius Decius + general. A certain poor, but noble, youth named Cassius Brutus wished to + open the gates at night for a stated sum of money. He was detected and fled + to the temple of Minerva Auxiliaria. Cassius Signifer, his father, shut him + in, killed him by starvation, and cast him forth unburied. So Cleitonymus in + his Italian History.

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+
+

When Darius the Persian had fought with Alexander at the Granicus, and had + lost seven satraps and five hundred and two scythe-bearing chariots, he + intended to attack again on the next day. But Ariobarzanes, his son, who was + kindly disposed toward Alexander, promised to betray his father. But the + father fell into a rage and cut off his head. So Aretades of Cnidus in the + third book of his Macedonian History.

+

Brutus, unanimously elected consul, drove into exile Tarquin the Proud, who + was comporting himself despotically. Tarquin went to the Etruscans and began + to wage war against the Romans. But Tarquini sons wished to betray their + father. But they were detected, and Tarquin cut off their heads. So + Aristeides the Milesian in his Italian History. +

+
+
+

Epameinondas, the Theban general, when he was waging + war against the Spartans, returned home at the season of the elections, + giving orders to his son Stesimbrotus not to engage the enemy. But the + Spartans learned of Epameinondas's absence and taunted the youth with lack + of manliness. He became indignant and, forgetting his father's command, + engaged the enemy and conquered. But his father being deeply offended, + crowned the youthThus + recognizing him as victorious. and cut off his head. This + Ctesiphon relates in the third book of his Boeotian + History.

+

When the Romans were engaged in war against the Samnites, they appointed + Manlius, called Imperiosus, general. As he was journeying to Rome for the + consular elections, he ordered his son not to engage the enemy. But the + Samnites learned of this and insultingly called the youth a nobody. He was + provoked and defeated them, but Manlius cut off his head. This Aristeides + the Milesian relates.

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+
+

Heracles failed in his suit for Iolê's hand and sacked Oechalia. Iole threw + herself down from the wall; but it came about, since her garment was + billowed out by the wind, that she suffered no harm. This Nicias of Mallus + relates.

+

When the Romans were warring against the Etruscans, they elected Valerius + Torquatus general. When he beheld the king's daughter, whose name was + Clusia, he asked the Etruscan for his daughter ; but when he failed to + obtain her, he attempted to sack the city . Clusia threw herself down from + the battlements ; but by the foresight of Venus her garment billowed out, + and she came safely to the ground. The general + violated her, and for all these reasons was banished by public decree of the + Romans to Corsica, an island off Italy. So Theophilus in the third book of + his Italian History.

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+
+

When the Carthaginians and Siceliots were negotiating an alliance against the + Romans, Vesta was the only divinity to whom Metellus, the general, did not + sacrifice. She, accordingly, sent a contrary wind against his ships. Gaius + Julius, the augur, said that it would abate if Metellus should sacrifice his + daughter. Forced by necessity, he brought forward his daughter Metella. But + Vesta took pity, substituted a heifer, transported the maiden to + Lanuvium, + Cf. Propertius, iv. 8. 3. and + appointed her priestess of the serpent that is worshipped by the people + there. So Pythocles in the third book of his Italian + History.

+

The like fate of Iphigeneia at Aulis in Boeotia Menyllus relates in the first + book of his Boeotian History.

+
+
+

Brennus, king of the Gauls, when he was ravaging Asia, came to Ephesus and + fell in love with a maiden Demonice. She promised to satisfy his desires and + also to betray Ephesus, if he would give her the Gauls' bracelets and + feminine ornaments. But Brennus required his soldiers to throw into the lap + of the avaricious woman the gold which they were wearing. This they did, and + she was buried alive by the abundance of gold. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, x. 70 (iii. p. 426 Hense). + This Cleitophon relates in the first book of his Gallic + History.

+

Tarpeia, one of the maidens of honourable estate, was the guardian of the + Capitol when the Romans were warring against the Sabines. She promised + Tatius that she would give him entry to the Tarpeian Rock if she received as + pay the necklacesThe + usual specification was what they bore on their + left arms (cf. Life of + Romulus, xvii. (27 f-28 d); Livy, i. 11), but, to judge from + Stobaeus's version of the preceding paragraph, its source probably + contained necklaces, and so a strict + parallelism requires necklace here! + which the Sabines wore for adornment. The Sabines understood the import and + buried her alive. So Aristeides the Milesian in his Italian History.

+
+
+

When a war between the Tegeans and the Pheneans had continued for a long + time, it was agreed to send triplet brothers to determine the victory by + their fighting. The Tegeans accordingly chose to represent them the sons of + Rheximachus, and the Pheneans the sons of Demostratus. When battle was + joined, two of Rheximachus's sons were slain. But the third, Critolaüs by + name, by a stratagem succeeded in surviving his two brothers. For he devised + the ruse of simulated flight, and so killed one after another of his + pursuers. And when he came home all the rest rejoiced with him ; but his + sister Demodicê alone did not rejoice, for he had slain her betrothed, + Demodicus. Critolaüs, smarting under such undeserved treatment, killed her. + He was prosecuted for murder by his mother, but was + acquitted of the charge. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, xxxix. 32 (iii. p. 729 + Hense). So Demaratus in the second book of his Arcadian History.

+

When the Romans and the Albans were at war, they chose triplets as their + champions, the Albans the Curiatii, the Romans the Horatii. When the battle + was joined, the Curiatii killed two of their opponents ; but the survivor + made use of simulated flight to help him, and killed one after another of + his pursuers. Amid the universal rejoicing his sister Horatia alone did not + rejoice with him ; for he had slain her betrothed, Curiatius. So Horatius + killed his sister. + Cf. Livy, i. 24-26. This + Aristeides the Milesian narrates in his Italian + History.

+
+
+

When the shrine of Athena in Ilium was in flames. Hus rushed up and seized + the Palladium, a statue which had fallen from heaven, and was blinded : for + the Palladium might not be looked upon by man. But later, when he had + placated the goddess, he regained his sight. So Dereyllus in the first book + of his Foundations of Cities.

+

When Antylus,Some would + write Metellus and make it refer to Caecilius + Metellus, the Pontifex Maximus; cf. + Seneca Rhetor, Controversiae, iv. 2; Pliny, Natural + History, vii. 43 (141); cf. also Livy, Periocha, xix. and Ovid, Fasti, vi. 437 ff. one of the noblemen, + was on his way to the outskirts of the city, he was checked by crows which + struck at him with their wings. Frightened by the omen, he returned to Rome. + He saw that the shrine of Vesta was on fire, seized the Palladium, and was + blinded. But later he regained his sight when he had placated the goddess. + So Aristeides the Milesian in his Italian + History. +

+
+
+

When the Thracians were at war with the Athenians, they received an oracle + that they would be victorious if they should spare Codrus ; but Codrus took + a scythe and, in the guise of a poor man, went to meet the enemy. He slew + one and was killed by the second, and thus the Athenians gained the + victory. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, vii. 67 (iii. p. 332 + Hense). So Socrates in the second book of his Thracian History.

+

When Publius Decius, a Roman, was warring against the Albans, he saw in a + dream that, if he should die, his death would bring strength to the Romans. + He went into the thick of the battle, slew many, and was himself slain. In + like manner did his son Decius also save the Romans in the war against the + Gauls. + Cf. Livy, viii. 9; x. 28; also Moralia, 499 b. So + Aristeides the Milesian.

+
+
+

To Dionysus alone did Cyanippus, a Syracusan, omit to sacrifice. The god was + angry and cast upon him a fit of drunkenness, in which he violated his + daughter Cyanê in a dark place. She took off his ring and gave it to her + nurse to be a mark of recognition. When the Syracusans were oppressed by a + plague, and the Pythian god pronounced that they should sacrifice the + impious man to the Averting Deities, the rest had no understanding of the + oracle ; but Cyanê knew, and seized her father by the hair and dragged him + forth; and when she had herself cut her fathers throat, she killed herself + upon his body in the same manner. So Dositheüs in the third book of his + Sicilian History.

+

When the Bacchanalian revels were being celebrated at Rome, Aruntius, who had + been from birth a water-drinker, set at naught the power of the god. But + Dionysus cast a fit of drunkenness upon him, and he + violated his daughter Medullina. But she recognized from a ring his + relationship and devised a plan wiser than her years ; making her father + drunk, and crowning him with garlands, she led him to the altar of Divine + Lightning, + Fulgora; cf. + Moralia, 499 b-c. The garlands marked him as a victim for + sacrifice. and there, dissolved in tears, she slew the man who + had plotted against her virginity. So Aristeides in the third book of his + Italian History.

+
+
+

When Erechtheus was at war with Eumolpus, + Cf. 313 b and the note. he + learned that he would conquer if he sacrificed his daughter before the + battle, and, communicating this to his wife Praxithea, he sacrificed his + daughter. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, xxxix. 33 (iii. p. 730 Hense); + Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus, iii. 42; Eusebius, Praepar. Evang iv. 16. 12. + Euripides + Cf. Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag. pp. 464 ff. records + this in the Erechtheus.

+

When Marius was fighting the Cimbri and was being worsted, he saw in a dream + that he would conquer if he sacrificed his daughter before the battle ; for + he had a daughter Calpurnia. Since he placed his fellow-citizens before the + ties of nature, he did the deed and won the victory. And even to this day + there are two altars in Germany which at that time of year send forth the + sound of trumpets. So Dorotheüs in the fourth book of his Italian History. + Cf. Eusebius, l.c. and Lydus, De + Mensibus, 147 (p. 165 Wünsch). +

+
+
+

Cyanippus, a Thessalian by birth, used continually to go forth to hunt, but + his wife, whom he had but lately wed, suspected him of intimacy with another + woman, because of his habit of frequently passing the night in the forest, + and she followed on the track of Cyanippus. Hiding herself in a thicket, she awaited events. But some branches were shaken + by her movements, and the dogs, thinking that she was a wild animal, rushed + upon her and tore to pieces the loving wife like a brute beast. Cyanippus + was a witness of this unexpected event and slew himself. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, lxiv. 33 (iv. p. 471 + Hense). So the poet Parthenius. + Love Romances, x., with Gaselee's note (in + L.C.L. p. 289). +

+

In Sybaris a city of Italy, a young man Aemilius, greatly admired for his + beauty, was very fond of hunting. But his wife, whom he had but lately wed, + thought that he was consorting with another woman and entered the dell. The + trees were shaken by her movements and the dogs rushed upon her and tore her + to pieces ; and her husband slew himself. So Cleitonymus in the second book + of his History of Sybaris.

+
+
+

Through the wrath of Aphroditê, Smyrna, the daughter of Cinyras, fell in love + with her father, and revealed to her nurse the all-compelling force of her + love. The nurse led on her master by a trick ; for she declared that a + neighbouring maiden was in love with him and was too modest to approach him + openly ; and Cinyras consorted with her. But on one occasion, wishing to + learn the identity of his mistress, he called for a light ; but when he saw + her, sword in hand he pursued this most wanton woman. But by the foresight + of Aphroditê she was changed into the tree that bears her name.Stobaeus, Florilegium, lxiv. 34 (iv. p. + 472 Hense): cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses, x. 298 ff.; Apollodorus, iii. + 14. 3, with Frazer's note (L.C.L. vol. ii. p. 84). So Theodorus + in his Metamorphoses.

+

Through the wrath of Venus, Valeria Tusculanaria + fell in love with her father Valerius, and imparted her secret to her nurse. + The nurse deceived her master by a trick, saying that there was someone who + was too modest to consort with him openly, but that she was a maiden of the + neighbourhood. The father, sodden with wine, kept calling for a light; but + the nurse was quick enough to wake the daughter, who went to the country, + since she was with child. Once on a time she threw herself down from a + cliff, but the child still lived. Returning home, she found her pregnancy + inescapable, and in due time gave birth to Aegipan, called in the Roman + tongue Silvanus. But Valerius, in a fit of despair, hurled himself down from + the same cliff. So Aristeides the Milesian in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

After the sack of Troy Diomedes was cast up on the Libyan coast where Lycus + was king, whose custom it was to sacrifice strangers to his father Ares. But + Callirrhoe, the king's daughter, fell in love with Diomedes and betrayed her + father : loosing Diomedes from his bonds, she saved him. But he, without + regard for his benefactor, sailed away, and she ended her life with a + halter. So Juba in the third book of his Libyan + History.

+

Calpurnius Crassus, one of the noblemen who had campaigned with Regulus, was + dispatched against the Massylians to sack a certain stronghold by name + Garaetium, a place difficult to capture. He was taken captive and was + destined to be sacrificed to Saturn ; but Bisaltia, daughter of the king, + fell in love with him, betrayed her father, and gave her lover the victory. But when he returned home, the maiden slew + herself. So Hesianax in the third book of his Libyan + History.

+
+
+

Priam sent away Polydorus with gold to Thrace to his son-in-law Polymestor, + because the city was on the point of being sacked. But, after its capture, + Polymestor killed the child that he might gain the gold. Hecuba, however, + came to the country and, tricking him with the promise of gold, put out his + eyes with her own hands, assisted by the captive women. So EuripidesIn the Hecuba. the tragedian.

+

When Hannibal was ravaging Campania, Lucius Tiberis placed his son Rustius + together with his possessions in the hands of Valerius Gestius, who was his + son-in-law ; but Hannibal was victorious. When the Campanian heard this, + through his love of money he violated the rights of nature and slew the + child. But when Tiberis was journeying through the country-side and came + upon the body of his son, he sent to his son-in-law, pretending that he + would show him treasures ; but when he came, Tiberis put out his eyes and + nailed him to a cross. So Aristeides in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Telamon led out to hunt Phocus, the beloved son of Aeacus by his wife + Psamathê. When a boar appeared, Telamon threw his spear at his hated brother + and killed him. But his father drove him into exile. + Cf. Frazer on Apollodorus, iii. 12. 6 + (L.C.L. vol. ii. p. 57). So Dorotheus in the first book of his + Metamorphoses.

+

Gaius Maximus had two sons, Similius and Rhesus, of + whom this Rhesus, whom he begat from Ameria out of wedlock, killed his + brother during a hunt; and when he returned home, he declared that the + mischance was accidental, not deliberate. But his father recognized the + truth and banished him. So Aristocles in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Ares consorted with Althaea and begat Meleager. . . .There is obviously something omitted + here. So Euripides in his Meleager. + Cf. Nauck, Trag. Graec. Frag. pp. 525 ff.; Frazer on + Apollodorus, i. 8. 2 (L.C.L. vol. i. p. 64). +

+

Septimius Marcellus, who was wedded to Silvia, was much given to hunting. + Mars, in the guise of a shepherd, violated the young bride, and got her with + child. He acknowledged his identity and gave her a spear-shaft, declaring + that with it the life of her child that was to be born was inseparably + united. She duly bore for Septimius a son Tuscinus. Now the only divinity + that Mamercus neglected when he was sacrificing to the gods for a bountiful + harvest was Ceres, and she sent a wild boar. But Tuscinus assembled many + huntsmen, slew it, and presented the head and the hide to his affianced + bride ; but Scymbrates and Muthias, his mother's brothers, took them away + from the maiden. Tuscinus was enraged and slew his kinsmen, but his mother + burned the spear-shaft. So Menyllus in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Telamon, the son of Aeacus and Endeïs, came to Euboea, (violated the daughter + of Alcothoüs, Eriboea)Conjecturally restored; there is a lacuna in the mss.; cf. Frazer on Apollodorus, iii. 12. 7 + (L.C.L. vol. ii. p. 60). and escaped by night. But when her father discovered the matter and suspected someone + of the citizens, he gave the girl to one of his guardsmen to be cast into + the sea. But the guardsman took pity on her, and sold her into slavery. When + the ship on which she was put in at Salamis, Telamon bought her, and she + bore Ajax. So Aretades the Cnidian in the second book of his History of the Islands.

+

Lucius Troscius had by Patris a daughter Florentia. Calpurnius, a Roman, + violated her, and Lucius delivered over the maiden to be thrown into the + sea. But she was pitied by the guardsman and sold into slavery; and by + chance her ship put in at Italy, Calpurnius bought her, and had from her + Contruscus.

+
+
+

Aeolus, king of the Etruscans, begat from Amphithea six daughters and the + like number of sons. Macareus, the youngest, for love violated one of his + sisters and she became pregnant. Her plight was discovered and her father + sent her a sword ; she judged herself a law-breaker and made away wTith + herself. Macareus also did likewise. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, lxiv. 35 (iv. p. 472 Hense); + Ovid, Heroïdes, xi. + So Sostratus in the second book of his Etruscan + History.

+

Papirius Tolucer married Julia Pulchra and begat six daughters and the like + number of sons. The eldest, Papirius Romanus, fell in love with his sister + Canulia and got her with child. Their father learned of it and sent his + daughter a sword. She killed herself; Romanus also + did the same. So Chrysippus in the first book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Aristonymus of Ephesus, the son of Demostratus, hated women and used to + consort with an ass; and in due time the ass gave birth to a very beautiful + maiden, Onoscelis + The girl with ass's legs: cf. the scholium on Aristophanes, Ecclesiazusae, 1048; Stobaeus, + Florilegium, lxiv. 37 + (iv. p. 473 Hense). by name. So Aristocles in the second book of + his Strange Events.

+

Fulvius Stellus hated women and used to consort with a mare and in due time + the mare gave birth to a beautiful girl and they named her Epona. She is the + goddess that is concerned with the protection of horses. So Agesilaüs in the + third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

The People of Sardis, when they were engaged in war against the people of + Smyrna, encamped round about the walls, and sent word through ambassadors + that they would never retire unless the people of Smyrna would agree to let + their wives consort with them. The Smyrnaeans, because of the compelling + necessity, were in a fair way to suffer grievously ; but there was a certain + maid-servant to one of the better class who ran up to her master Philarchus + and said, You must dress up the maid-servants and send + them in place of free-born women. And this, in fact, they did. The + men of Sardis were quite exhausted by the serving-maids, and so were taken + captive ; whence even now the people of Smyrna have a festival called + Eleutheria in which the maid-servants wear the adornments of free women. So + Dositheiis in the third book of his Lydian + History. +

+

When Atepomarus, king of the Gauls, was at war with the Romans, he said he + would never retire unless the Romans should surrender their wives for + intercourse. But the Romans, on the advice of their maid-servants, sent + slave-women; and the barbarians, exhausted by unremitting intercourse, fell + asleep. But Rhetana (for she had been the author of this advice), by taking + hold of a wild fig-tree, climbed upon the wall and informed the consuls ; + and the Romans attacked and conquered. From this the Servants' Festival + takes its name. + Cf. Life of + Romulus, xxix. (36 e-f); Life of + Camillus, xxiii. (145 f ff.); Macrobius, Saturnalia, i. 11. + 35-39. So Aristeides the Milesian in the first book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

When the Athenians were engaged in a war against Eumolpus, + Cf. 310 d, supra; Frazer on Apollodorus, iii. 15. 4 (L.C.L. vol. ii. + p. 110). and their supply of food was insufficient, Pyrander, the + treasurer of the public funds, secretly reduced the unit of measure and + distributed food very sparingly. But his countrymen suspected that he was a + traitor and stoned him to death. So Callisthenes in the third book of his + Thracian History.

+

When the Romans were waging war against the Gauls, and their supply of food + was insufficient, Cinna secretly reduced the distribution of grain to the + people. But the Romans stoned him to death on the suspicion that he had + designs on the kingship. So Aristeides in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

During the Peloponnesian War Peisistratus of Orchomenus hated the aristocracy + and strongly favoured the poorer citizens. The members of the Council + plotted to kill him ; they cut him up into bits, thrust these into the folds + of their garments, and scraped the earth clean. But the crowd of commoners + caught a suspicion of this deed and hurried to + the Council. Tlesimachus, however, the younger son of the king, was privy to + the plot and drew the crowd away from the assembly by declaring that he had + seen his father, endowed with more than mortal stature, being swiftly borne + toward mount Pisa ; and thus the crowd was deceived. So Theophilus in the + second book of his Peloponnesian History.

+

Because of the wars with neighbouring States the Roman Senate had done away + with the distribution of grain to the people ; but Romulus the king could + not brook this, restored the dole to the people, and punished many of the + more prominent men. They slew him in the Senate, cut him into bits, and + thrust these into the folds of their garments; but the Roman people ran with + fire to the Senate-house. Julius Proculus, however, one of the prominent + men, declared that on a mountain he had seen Romulus with greater stature + than any mortal's and that he had become a god. The Romans believed him and + withdrew. + Cf. Life of + Romulus, chap. xxviii. (35 a ff.); Life + of Numa, chap. ii. (60 c ff.); Dionysius of Halicarnassus, + Roman Antiquities, ii. 63; Livy, i. 16; + Cicero, De Republica, i. 10. + 20. So Aristobulus in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Pelops, the son of Tantalus and Euryanassa, married Hippodameia and begat + Atreus and Thyestes; but by the nymph Danaïs he had Chrysippus, whom lie + loved more than his legitimate sons. But Laïus the Theban conceived a desire + for him and carried him off; and, although he was arrested by Thyestes and + Atreus, he obtained mercy from Pelops because of his love. But Hippodameia + tried to persuade Atreus and Thyestes to do away with Chrysippus, since she knew that he would be a contestant for + the kingship ; but when they refused, she stained her hands with the + pollution. For at dead of night, when Laïus was asleep, she drew his sword, + wounded Chrysippus, and fixed the sword in his body. Laïus was suspected + because of the sword, but was saved by Chrysippus who, though half-dead, + acknowledged the truth. Pelops buried Chrysippus and banished + Hippodameia. + Cf. Pausanias, vi. 20. 7; Apollodorus, + iii. 5. 5; Athenaeus, 602 f; scholium on Euripides, Phoenissae, 1760; Aelian, + Varia Historia, xiii. + 5. So Dositheüs in his Descendants of + Pelops.

+

Ebius Tolieix married Nuceria and had from her two sons ; and he had also, + from a freedwoman, Firmus, conspicuous for his beauty, whom he loved more + than his legitimate sons. Nuceria was disposed to hate her stepson and tried + to persuade her sons to kill him ; but when they righteously refused, she + herself effected the murder. By night she drew the sword of Firmus's + body-guard and mortally wounded the boy as he slept, leaving the sword + behind in his body. The guard was suspected, but the boy told the truth. + Ebius buried his son and banished his wife. So Dositheüs in the third book + of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Theseus, who was actually the son of Poseidon, begat a son Hippolytus from + Hippolytê the Amazon and took a second wife, Phaedra, the daughter of Minos, + who thus became a stepmother. Phaedra fell in love with her stepson, and + sent her nurse to him ; but he left Athens and, coming to Troezen, devoted + himself to hunting. But when the wanton woman failed to obtain her cherished + desire, she indited a false letter against the + chaste youth and ended her life with a halter. Theseus believed the letter + and asked from Poseidon the destruction of Hippolyto as fulfilment of one of + the three wishes which he had as a concession from Poseidon. The god sent a + bull to confront Hippolyto as he was driving along the shore in his chariot + and terrified the horses, which crushed Hippolytus. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, lxiv. 38 (iv. 474 Hense), and Euripides, + Hippolytus. +

+

Comminius Super of Laurentem begat a son Comminius from the nymph Egeria and + took a second wife Gidica, who thus became a stepmother. She fell in love + with her stepson and, failing to obtain her desire, put an end to her life + with a halter, leaving behind her a lying letter. Comminius read the + accusations, believed the invidious charge, and called upon Neptune, who + placed a bull in the youth's path as he was riding in a chariot; and the + young man's horses ran away with him and killed him. So Dositheüs in the + third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

When a Plague had overspread Sparta, the god gave an oracle that it would + cease if they sacrificed a noble maiden each year. Once when Helen had been + chosen by lot and had been led forward adorned for the sacrifice, an eagle + swooped down, snatched up the sword, carried it to the herds of cattle, and + let it fall on a heifer ; wherefore the Spartans refrained from the slaying + of maidens. + Cf. Lydus, De Mensibus, 147 (p. 165 Wünsch); Tzetzes, + Scholia on Lycophron, ii. 63 and 92 ed. + Scheer. For human victims at Sparta cf. Porphyry, De + Abstinentia, ii. 55. So Aristodemus in his Third + Collection of Fables.

+

When a Plague had gained a wide hold on the city of Falerii, and many + perished of it, an oracle was given that the terror + would abate if they sacrificed a maiden to Juno each year. This + superstitious practice persisted and once, as a maiden chosen by lot, + Valeria Luperca, had drawn the sword, an eagle swooped down, snatched it up, + and placed a wand tipped with a small hammer upon the sacrificial offerings + ; but the sword the eagle cast down upon a certain heifer which was grazing + near the shrine. The maiden understood the import: she sacrificed the + heifer, took up the hammer, and went about from house to house, tapping the + sick lightly with her hammer and rousing them, bidding each of them to be + well again ; whence even to this day this mystic rite is performed. So + Aristeides in the nineteenth book of his Italian + History.

+
+
+

Phylonomê, the daughter of Nyctimus and Arcadia, was wont to hunt with + Artemis ; but Ares, in the guise of a shepherd, got her with child. She gave + birth to twin children and, fearing her father, cast them into the + Erymanthus ; but by some divine providence they were borne round and round + without peril, and found haven in the trunk of a hollow oaktree. A wolf, + whose den was in the tree, cast her own cubs into the stream and suckled the + children. A shepherd, Gyliphus, was witness of this event and, taking up the + children, reared them as his own, and named them Lycastus and Parrhasio, the + same that later succeeded to the throne of Arcadia. + Cf. Lydus, De Mensibus, 150 (p. 168 Wünsch). So + Zopyrus of Byzantium in the third book of his Histories.

+

Amulius, being despotically disposed toward his brother Numitor, killed his + brother's son Aenitus in hunting, and his daughter + Silvia, or Ilia, he made a priestess of Juno. But Mars got Silvia with + child. She gave birth to twins and acknowledged the truth to the despot; he + became frightened and threw both the children into the water by the banks of + the Tiber. But they found a haven at a place where was the den of a wolf + which had recently whelped. She abandoned her cubs and suckled the children. + A shepherd Faustus was witness of this event and reared the children ; he + named them Remus and Romulus, who became the founders of Rome.Contrast 320 d, infra. So Aristeides the Milesian in + his Italian History.

+
+
+

After the capture of Troy Agamemnon together with Cassandra was slain. But + Orestes was reared in the house of Strophius, and took vengeance on the + murderers of his father. So Pyrander in the fourth book of his Peloponnesian History.

+

Fabius Fabricianus, a kinsman of Fabius Maximus, sacked Tuxium,Bovianum? the chief + city of the Samnites, and sent to Rome the statue of Venus Victrix, which + was held in honour among the Samnites. His wife Fabia, debauched by a + certain handsome youth whose name was Petronius Valentinus, slew her husband + by treachery. But a daughter Fabia rescued from danger her brother + Fabricianus, who was still a young child, and sent him away secretly to be + reared elsewhere. When he reached manhood he slew his mother and her lover, + and was absolved from guilt by the senate. This Dositheüs relates in the + third book of his Italian History. +

+
+
+

Busiris, the son of Poseidon and Anippê, daughter of the Nile, with + treacherous hospitality was wont to sacrifice such persons as passed his + way. But there came upon him vengeance for those that had perished by his + hand. For Heracles attacked him with his club and slew him. + Cf. Life of + Theseus, xi. (5 b); Frazer's note on Apollodorus, ii. 5. 11 + (L.C.L. vol. i. pp. 224-225). + Quis...inlaudati nescit Busiridis + aras? (Virgil, Georgics, iii. 4-5). So Agathon of Samos.

+

When Hercules was driving through Italy the cattle of Geryon, he was + entertained, by king Faunus, the son of Mercury, who was wont to sacrifice + his guests to the god that was his father. But when he attacked Hercules, he + was slain. So Dercyllus in the third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Phalaris, the tyrant of Agrigentum, used to inflict most cruel torture and + torment upon the strangers that passed his way. Perillus, a bronze-founder + by trade, made a bronze heifer and gave it to the king that he might burn + the strangers in it alive. But Phalaris on this one occasion proved himself + a just man and threw into it the artisan ; the heifer seemed to give forth a + sound of bellowing. + Cf. Stobaeus, Florilegium, xlix. 49 (iv. p. 318 + Hense). So in the second book of Causes.Probably, as Bentley conjectured, the Aetia of Callimachus (cf. + Mair's edition, L.C.L. p. 203). Schneider's objections Schlereth has + shown to be irrelevant. +

+

In Segesta, a city of Sicily, there lived a certain cruel despot, Aemilius + Censorinus, who used to reward with gifts those who invented more novel + forms of torture ; and a certain Arruntius Paterculus constructed a horse of + bronze and gave it as a gift to the aforesaid that he might cast the + citizens therein. But on this occasion, for the first time, the despot behaved in a just manner and thrust first the giver of + the gift into the horse, so that he himself should be the first to + experience the torment which he had devised for others. Then he seized the + man and hurled him from the Tarpeian Rock. It is believed that those who + rule with great cruelty are called Aemilii from this Aemilius. So Aristeides + in the fourth book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Evenus, the son of Ares and Steropê;, married Alcippê, the daughter of + Oenomaüs, and begat a daughter Marpessa, + Cf. Pseudo-Plutarch, De Fluviis, viii. 1 (Bernardakis, vol. vii. p. + 296); Frazer's note on Apollodorus, i. 7. 8 (L.C.L. vol. i. p. + 62). whom he endeavoured to keep a virgin. Idas, the son of + Aphareus, seized her from a band of dancers and fled. Her father gave chase + ; but, since he could not capture them, he hurled himself into the + LycormasAn earlier + name for the river Evenus in Aetolia. river and became immortal. + So Dositheüs in the first book of his Aetolian + History.

+

Annius, king of the Etruscans, had a beautiful daughter named Salia, whom he + endeavoured to keep a virgin. But Cathetus, one of the nobles, saw the + maiden at play and fell in love with her ; nor could he control his passion, + but seized her and set out with her for Rome. Her father gave chase, but + since he could not capture them, he leaped into the river Pareüsium, and + from him its name was changed to Anio. And Cathetus consorted with Salia and + begat Latinus and Salius, from whom the most noble patricians traced their + descent. So Aristeides the Milesian, and also Alexander Polyhistor in the + third book of his Italian History.

+
+
+

Hegesistratus, an Ephesian, having murdered one of + his kinsmen, fled to Delphi, and inquired of the god where he should make + his home. And Apollo answered: Where you shall see + rustics dancing, garlanded with olive-branches. When he had come to + a certain place in Asia and had observed farmers garlanded with olive-leaves + and dancing, there he founded a city and called it Elaeüs. + City of Olives. + So Pythocles the Samian in the third book of his Treatise on Husbandry.

+

When Telegonus, the son of Odysseus and Circê, was sent to search for his + father, he was instructed to found a city where he should see farmers + garlanded and dancing. When he had come to a certain place in Italy, and had + observed rustics garlanded with twigs of oak (prininoi) and diverting themselves with dancing, he founded a + city, and from the coincidence named it Prinistum, which the Romans, by a + slight change, call Praenestê. So Aristocles relates in the third book of + his Italian History.

+
+
+ + + From 08062325114bb4acfddbd15bf56fbc5bbefc102f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lisa Cerrato Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2019 11:49:54 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Update tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml --- data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml b/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml index ebdbc4cfb..ff1ceb829 100644 --- a/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml +++ b/data/tlg0007/tlg085/tlg0007.tlg085.perseus-eng3.xml @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?> Greek and Roman Parallel Stories Plutarch - Frank Cole Babbitt + Frank Cole Babbitt Perseus Project, Tufts University Gregory Crane