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<body>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Offshore Leaks as LOD</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1">1. Intro</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1">1.1. Offshore Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2">1.2. The Database</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-3">1.3. Addresses.csv</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-4">1.4. Entities.csv</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-5">1.5. Intermediaries.csv</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-6">1.6. Officers.csv</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-7">1.7. all_edges.csv</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-8">1.8. rel_type</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-2">2. RDF Conversion</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-2-1">2.1. Date Conversion</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-2">2.2. Leaks Ontology</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3">2.3. tarql</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-1">2.3.1. tarql Queries</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-2">2.3.2. tarql Results</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-3">2.3.3. Running tarql</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-4">2.4. Country Codes</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-5">2.5. Offshore Jurisdictions</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-6">2.6. Data Model</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-7">2.7. Day1 Recap</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-3">3. Inferencing</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-3-1">3.1. Linking Countries and Offshore Jurisdictions</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-2">3.2. Linking Entities</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-3">3.3. Relation Hierarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-4">3.4. Geonames Place Hierarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-5">3.5. Geonames Data</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-6">3.6. Linking to Source</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-7">3.7. Data Loading Stats</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-3-8">3.8. Day2 Recap</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-4">4. <span class="todo TODO">TODO</span> Further Ideas</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Intro</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
Day 1: <span class="timestamp-wrapper"><span class="timestamp"><2016-05-12 Thu></span></span>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>README (HTML version): <a href="http://rawgit.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/master/README.html">http://rawgit.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/master/README.html</a>
</li>
<li>Source repository: <a href="https://github.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/">https://github.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/</a>
</li>
<li>SPARQL endpoint: <a href="http://data.ontotext.com/resource/leaks">http://data.ontotext.com/resource/leaks</a>
</li>
<li>RDF download: <a href="ftp://ftp.ontotext.com/pub/leaks/rdf/">ftp://ftp.ontotext.com/pub/leaks/rdf/</a>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Zipped at <a href="ftp://ftp.ontotext.com/pub/leaks/rdf/rdf.zip">ftp://ftp.ontotext.com/pub/leaks/rdf/rdf.zip</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Post an issue on Github: <a href="https://github.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/issues">https://github.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/issues</a>
</li>
<li>Chat to us on Gitter: <a href="https://gitter.im/Ontotext-AD/leaks">https://gitter.im/Ontotext-AD/leaks</a>
</li>
<li>Ontology: <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/master/leak-ontology.ttl">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/master/leak-ontology.ttl</a>
</li>
<li>Ontology documentation: <a href="http://ontorule-project.eu/parrot/parrot?documentUri=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ontotext-AD/leaks/master/leak-ontology.rdf&mimetype=application/rdf%2bxml&profile=technical&language=en&customizeCssUrl">Parrot Report</a>
</li>
<li>Data model: sec <a href="#sec-2-6">2.6</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Offshore Links</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
The <a href="https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/">Offshore Leaks</a> database of The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)
is a wonderful resource that allows you to explore the murky world of high-flyer finance and offshore destinations.
It includes two sources:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="https://panamapapers.icij.org">Panama Papers</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.icij.org/offshore">Offshore Leaks</a> (but seemingly excluding Luxembourg Leaks, see sec <a href="#sec-2-5">2.5</a>)
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a href="https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/pages/database">The database</a> was released on May 10 (please download it from their torrent link)
and on May 12 we decided to explore it using Linked Open Data (LOD).
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> The Database</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
The database is available as 5 CSV files with the following number of records:
</p>
<pre class="example">
>wc -l *.csv
151128 Addresses.csv
319422 Entities.csv
23643 Intermediaries.csv
345646 Officers.csv
1269797 all_edges.csv
</pre>
<p>
When parsing it, you should be careful about two aspects:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>CSV quoting
</li>
<li>Unicode (UTF-8) encoding
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The files have the following columns, which you can see with
</p>
<pre class="example">
head -1 *.csv
</pre>
<p>
As we analyze the data, we'll add more in-depth notes.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-3"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Addresses.csv</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>col</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>notes</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>example</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">address</td>
<td class="left">textual address</td>
<td class="left">#02-01; 14 MOHAMED SULTAN ROAD; SINGAPORE 238963</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">icij_id</td>
<td class="left">ICIJ guid</td>
<td class="left">91BB6C910709CE3331D31A89DD97EDAD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">valid_until</td>
<td class="left">fixed statement</td>
<td class="left">The Panama Papers data is current through 2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">country_codes</td>
<td class="left">ISO alpha3 code</td>
<td class="left">SGP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">countries</td>
<td class="left">country name</td>
<td class="left">Singapore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">node_id</td>
<td class="left">unique across all files</td>
<td class="left">14000015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">sourceID</td>
<td class="left">source name</td>
<td class="left">"Panama Papers" or "Offshorshuckaks"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-4"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> Entities.csv</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
Legal bodies such as companies, foundations, trusts…
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>col</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>notes</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>example</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">name</td>
<td class="left">company name</td>
<td class="left">CHEM D-T Corp.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">original_name</td>
<td class="left">official name</td>
<td class="left">CHEM D-T Corp. EX-CHEM DT Corp.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">former_name</td>
<td class="left">former name (often empty)</td>
<td class="left">CHEM DT Corp.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">jurisdiction</td>
<td class="left">where registered (<b>not</b> alpha3 code)</td>
<td class="left">CAYMN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">jurisdiction_description</td>
<td class="left">where registered (country, US state, …)</td>
<td class="left">Cayman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">company_type</td>
<td class="left">formal type</td>
<td class="left">"Standard International Company", "BVI Trust"…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">address</td>
<td class="left">formal address</td>
<td class="left">GO SHINE MANAGEMENT CO.; LTD. ROOM B; 5F.; NO. 92; SEC. 1NANJING E. RD.; JHONGSHAN DISTRICT; TAIPEI CITY 104; TAIPEI TAIWAN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">internal_id</td>
<td class="left">???</td>
<td class="left">1000094</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">incorporation_date</td>
<td class="left">when created</td>
<td class="left">30-MAR-2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">inactivation_date</td>
<td class="left">when deactivated</td>
<td class="left">06-NOV-2009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">struck_off_date</td>
<td class="left">when removed from register</td>
<td class="left">15-FEB-2010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">dorm_date</td>
<td class="left">when became dormant</td>
<td class="left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">status</td>
<td class="left">29% Active, 29% Defaulted, 7% Dissolved…</td>
<td class="left">Defaulted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">service_provider</td>
<td class="left">law firm serving the entity</td>
<td class="left">"Mossack Fonseca", "Portcullis Trustnet" or "Commonwealth Trust Limited"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">ibcRUC</td>
<td class="left">???</td>
<td class="left">16469</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">country_codes</td>
<td class="left">where active (alpha3), can be <b>multiple</b></td>
<td class="left">AUS;BLZ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">countries</td>
<td class="left">where active (countries), can be <b>multiple</b></td>
<td class="left">Australia;Belize</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">note</td>
<td class="left">most often empty</td>
<td class="left"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">valid_until</td>
<td class="left">fixed statement</td>
<td class="left">The Panama Papers data is current through 2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">node_id</td>
<td class="left">unique across all files</td>
<td class="left">10000018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">sourceID</td>
<td class="left">source name</td>
<td class="left">"Panama Papers" or "Offshore Leaks"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-5"><span class="section-number-3">1.5</span> Intermediaries.csv</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
<p>
Agents that help beneficiaries setup offshore companies
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>col</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>notes</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>example</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">name</td>
<td class="left">name</td>
<td class="left">SECRETARIAL SERVICES LIMITED</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">internal_id</td>
<td class="left">???</td>
<td class="left">1009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">address</td>
<td class="left">address</td>
<td class="left">SECRETARIAL SERVICES LIMITED P.O. BOX 37 ST. ANNE'S HOUSE; VICTORIA STREET ALDERNEY; CHANNEL ISLANDS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">valid_until</td>
<td class="left">fixed statement</td>
<td class="left">The Panama Papers data is current through 2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">country_codes</td>
<td class="left">where active (alpha3), can be <b>multiple</b></td>
<td class="left">GGY;GBR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">countries</td>
<td class="left">where active (countries), can be <b>multiple</b></td>
<td class="left">Guernsey;United Kingdom</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">status</td>
<td class="left">46% blank, 30% ACTIVE, 20% SUSPENDED…</td>
<td class="left">SUSPENDED</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">node_id</td>
<td class="left">unique across all files</td>
<td class="left">11000034</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">sourceID</td>
<td class="left">source name</td>
<td class="left">"Panama Papers" or "Offshore Leaks"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-6"><span class="section-number-3">1.6</span> Officers.csv</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-6">
<p>
Agents (people, groups of people, companies) that serve as company officers and beneficiaries, both formal and real
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>col</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>notes</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>example</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">name</td>
<td class="left">name</td>
<td class="left">Wu Chi-Ping and Wu Chou Tsan-Ting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">icij_id</td>
<td class="left">ICIJ guid</td>
<td class="left">1B92FDDD451DA8DCA9CD36B0AF797411</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">valid_until</td>
<td class="left">fixed statement</td>
<td class="left">The Panama Papers data is current through 2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">country_codes</td>
<td class="left">where active (alpha3), can be <b>multiple</b></td>
<td class="left">TWN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">countries</td>
<td class="left">where active (countries), can be <b>multiple</b></td>
<td class="left">Taiwan, Province of China</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">node_id</td>
<td class="left">unique across all files</td>
<td class="left">12000009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">sourceID</td>
<td class="left">source name</td>
<td class="left">"Panama Papers" or "Offshore Leaks"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-7"><span class="section-number-3">1.7</span> all_edges.csv</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-7">
<p>
Relations between records. Since node_id is unique across files, there's no need to mention the entity types.
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="left" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="left"><b>col</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>notes</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">node_1</td>
<td class="left">source node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">rel_type</td>
<td class="left">relation type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">node_2</td>
<td class="left">destination node</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-8"><span class="section-number-3">1.8</span> rel_type</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-8">
<p>
The relation types is one of the most interesting key fields. The distribution of values is as follows:
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" rules="all" frame="box">
<colgroup>
<col class="right" />
<col class="left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="right"><b>count</b></td>
<td class="left"><b>rel_type</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">319121</td>
<td class="left">intermediary of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">316472</td>
<td class="left">registered address</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">277380</td>
<td class="left">shareholder of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">118589</td>
<td class="left">Director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">105408</td>
<td class="left">Shareholder of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">46761</td>
<td class="left">similar name and address as</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">36318</td>
<td class="left">Records & Registers of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">15151</td>
<td class="left">beneficiary of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">14351</td>
<td class="left">Secretary of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">4031</td>
<td class="left">Beneficiary of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">3146</td>
<td class="left">same name and registration date as</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">1847</td>
<td class="left">Beneficial Owner of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">1418</td>
<td class="left">Trustee of Trust of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">1234</td>
<td class="left">Trust Settlor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">1229</td>
<td class="left">Authorised Person / Signatory of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">1198</td>
<td class="left">Protector of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">1130</td>
<td class="left">Nominee Shareholder of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">960</td>
<td class="left">same address as</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">622</td>
<td class="left">related entity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">583</td>
<td class="left">Assistant Secretary of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">409</td>
<td class="left">Alternate Director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">320</td>
<td class="left">Co-Trustee of Trust of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">281</td>
<td class="left">Officer of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">272</td>
<td class="left">Resident Director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">207</td>
<td class="left">Auditor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">173</td>
<td class="left">Correspondent Addr. of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">123</td>
<td class="left">Bank Signatory of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">120</td>
<td class="left">General Accountant of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">101</td>
<td class="left">Nominated Person of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">89</td>
<td class="left">Legal Advisor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">74</td>
<td class="left">Reserve Director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">65</td>
<td class="left">Investment Advisor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">64</td>
<td class="left">Nominee Director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">48</td>
<td class="left">Register of Director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">41</td>
<td class="left">Register of Shareholder of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">41</td>
<td class="left">Joint Settlor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">40</td>
<td class="left">President of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">32</td>
<td class="left">Auth. Representative of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">32</td>
<td class="left">Appointor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">28</td>
<td class="left">Owner, director and shareholder of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">25</td>
<td class="left">Beneficial owner of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">24</td>
<td class="left">Nominee Trust Settlor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">20</td>
<td class="left">Power of Attorney of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">18</td>
<td class="left">Unit Trust Register of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">18</td>
<td class="left">Treasurer of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">16</td>
<td class="left">Owner of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">14</td>
<td class="left">Tax Advisor of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">14</td>
<td class="left">Custodian of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">13</td>
<td class="left">Successor Protector of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">11</td>
<td class="left">Stockbroker of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">9</td>
<td class="left">Power of attorney of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">9</td>
<td class="left">Personal Directorship of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">8</td>
<td class="left">Safekeeping of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">8</td>
<td class="left">Nominee Protector of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">7</td>
<td class="left">Vice President of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">7</td>
<td class="left">Partner of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">6</td>
<td class="left">Director / Shareholder of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">6</td>
<td class="left">Beneficiary, shareholder and director of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="right">5</td>