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Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing ​

julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
+import{_ as h,c as a,a4 as l,j as s,a as t,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.DVQRnJSE.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/absnpig.2MzQm7AU.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/omwflhu.Br8cARbP.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rkshfdy.B-Cc1T24.png",w=JSON.parse('{"title":"Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md"}'),d={name:"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.439ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.281ex",height:"2.034ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -705 566 899","aria-hidden":"true"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.889ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"11.212ex",height:"3.096ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -975.7 4955.8 1368.6","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.302ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1459.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"};function F(u,i,C,v,x,f){return n(),a("div",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=l(`
Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing ​
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
 using Plots.Measures
 using Random
System ​
julia
@variables β α ω ω0 F γ t x(t) # declare constant variables and a function x(t)
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md.CDmqTf3s.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md.CgR0hKCu.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md.CDmqTf3s.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md.CgR0hKCu.lean.js
index bcc3acaa..d0049d81 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md.CDmqTf3s.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md.CgR0hKCu.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as h,c as a,a4 as l,j as s,a as t,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/ddktigp.DVQRnJSE.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/zmnmjvi.2MzQm7AU.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.Br8cARbP.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.B-Cc1T24.png",w=JSON.parse('{"title":"Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md"}'),d={name:"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.439ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.281ex",height:"2.034ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -705 566 899","aria-hidden":"true"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.889ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"11.212ex",height:"3.096ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -975.7 4955.8 1368.6","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.302ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1459.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"};function F(u,i,C,v,x,f){return n(),a("div",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=l(`
Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing ​
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
+import{_ as h,c as a,a4 as l,j as s,a as t,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.DVQRnJSE.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/absnpig.2MzQm7AU.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/omwflhu.Br8cARbP.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rkshfdy.B-Cc1T24.png",w=JSON.parse('{"title":"Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md"}'),d={name:"examples/parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.439ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.281ex",height:"2.034ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -705 566 899","aria-hidden":"true"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.889ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"11.212ex",height:"3.096ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -975.7 4955.8 1368.6","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.302ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1459.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"};function F(u,i,C,v,x,f){return n(),a("div",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=l(`
Parametric Pumping via Three-Wave Mixing ​
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
 using Plots.Measures
 using Random
System ​
julia
@variables β α ω ω0 F γ t x(t) # declare constant variables and a function x(t)
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.BisKADsJ.js b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.Ci0AJmln.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.BisKADsJ.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.Ci0AJmln.js
index 06a40e90..5256fc4f 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.BisKADsJ.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.Ci0AJmln.js
@@ -36,18 +36,18 @@ import{_ as n,c as e,j as t,a as s,a4 as Q,o as i}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxh
 plot!(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; not_class="large")
Alternatively, we may visualise all underlying solutions, including complex ones,
julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; class="all")
2D parameters ​
',12)),t("p",null,[a[49]||(a[49]=s(`The parametrically driven oscillator boasts a stability diagram called "Arnold's tongues" delineating zones where the oscillator is stable from those where it is exponentially unstable (if the nonlinearity was absence). We can retrieve this diagram by calculating the steady states as a function of external detuning `)),t("mjx-container",Z,[(i(),e("svg",B,a[45]||(a[45]=[Q('',1)]))),a[46]||(a[46]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"δ"),t("mo",null,"="),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"L")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[50]||(a[50]=s(" and the parametric drive strength ")),t("mjx-container",j,[(i(),e("svg",A,a[47]||(a[47]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[48]||(a[48]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),a[51]||(a[51]=s("."))]),t("p",null,[a[56]||(a[56]=s("To perform a 2D sweep over driving frequency ")),t("mjx-container",q,[(i(),e("svg",O,a[52]||(a[52]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[53]||(a[53]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[57]||(a[57]=s(" and parametric drive strength ")),t("mjx-container",R,[(i(),e("svg",P,a[54]||(a[54]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[55]||(a[55]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),a[58]||(a[58]=s(", we keep ")),a[59]||(a[59]=t("code",null,"fixed",-1)),a[60]||(a[60]=s(" from before but include 2 variables in ")),a[61]||(a[61]=t("code",null,"varied",-1))]),a[70]||(a[70]=Q(`
julia
fixed = (ω₀ => 1.0, γ => 1e-2, F => 1e-3, α => 1.0, η => 0.3)
 varied = (ω => range(0.8, 1.2, 50), λ => range(0.001, 0.6, 50))
 result_2D = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed);

-Solving for 2500 parameters...  51%|██████████▏         |  ETA: 0:00:01\x1B[K
-  # parameters solved:  1263\x1B[K
-  # paths tracked:      6315\x1B[K
+Solving for 2500 parameters...  51%|██████████▎         |  ETA: 0:00:01\x1B[K
+  # parameters solved:  1284\x1B[K
+  # paths tracked:      6420\x1B[K
 \x1B[A
 \x1B[A
 
 
 \x1B[K\x1B[A
 \x1B[K\x1B[A
-Solving for 2500 parameters...  79%|███████████████▊    |  ETA: 0:00:00\x1B[K
-  # parameters solved:  1973\x1B[K
-  # paths tracked:      9865\x1B[K
+Solving for 2500 parameters...  81%|████████████████▏   |  ETA: 0:00:00\x1B[K
+  # parameters solved:  2020\x1B[K
+  # paths tracked:      10100\x1B[K
 \x1B[A
 \x1B[A
 
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.BisKADsJ.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.Ci0AJmln.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.BisKADsJ.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.Ci0AJmln.lean.js
index 06a40e90..5256fc4f 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.BisKADsJ.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_parametron.md.Ci0AJmln.lean.js
@@ -36,18 +36,18 @@ import{_ as n,c as e,j as t,a as s,a4 as Q,o as i}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxh
 plot!(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; not_class="large")
Alternatively, we may visualise all underlying solutions, including complex ones,
julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; class="all")
2D parameters ​
',12)),t("p",null,[a[49]||(a[49]=s(`The parametrically driven oscillator boasts a stability diagram called "Arnold's tongues" delineating zones where the oscillator is stable from those where it is exponentially unstable (if the nonlinearity was absence). We can retrieve this diagram by calculating the steady states as a function of external detuning `)),t("mjx-container",Z,[(i(),e("svg",B,a[45]||(a[45]=[Q('',1)]))),a[46]||(a[46]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"δ"),t("mo",null,"="),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"L")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[50]||(a[50]=s(" and the parametric drive strength ")),t("mjx-container",j,[(i(),e("svg",A,a[47]||(a[47]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[48]||(a[48]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),a[51]||(a[51]=s("."))]),t("p",null,[a[56]||(a[56]=s("To perform a 2D sweep over driving frequency ")),t("mjx-container",q,[(i(),e("svg",O,a[52]||(a[52]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[53]||(a[53]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[57]||(a[57]=s(" and parametric drive strength ")),t("mjx-container",R,[(i(),e("svg",P,a[54]||(a[54]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[55]||(a[55]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),a[58]||(a[58]=s(", we keep ")),a[59]||(a[59]=t("code",null,"fixed",-1)),a[60]||(a[60]=s(" from before but include 2 variables in ")),a[61]||(a[61]=t("code",null,"varied",-1))]),a[70]||(a[70]=Q(`
julia
fixed = (ω₀ => 1.0, γ => 1e-2, F => 1e-3, α => 1.0, η => 0.3)
 varied = (ω => range(0.8, 1.2, 50), λ => range(0.001, 0.6, 50))
 result_2D = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed);

-Solving for 2500 parameters...  51%|██████████▏         |  ETA: 0:00:01\x1B[K
-  # parameters solved:  1263\x1B[K
-  # paths tracked:      6315\x1B[K
+Solving for 2500 parameters...  51%|██████████▎         |  ETA: 0:00:01\x1B[K
+  # parameters solved:  1284\x1B[K
+  # paths tracked:      6420\x1B[K
 \x1B[A
 \x1B[A
 
 
 \x1B[K\x1B[A
 \x1B[K\x1B[A
-Solving for 2500 parameters...  79%|███████████████▊    |  ETA: 0:00:00\x1B[K
-  # parameters solved:  1973\x1B[K
-  # paths tracked:      9865\x1B[K
+Solving for 2500 parameters...  81%|████████████████▏   |  ETA: 0:00:00\x1B[K
+  # parameters solved:  2020\x1B[K
+  # paths tracked:      10100\x1B[K
 \x1B[A
 \x1B[A
 
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.nPQR0uea.js b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.Dtztbykr.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.nPQR0uea.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.Dtztbykr.js
index cad26b58..548a093f 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.nPQR0uea.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.Dtztbykr.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as e,j as s,a,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/nyukexf.CDefs9HS.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/wyxykfg.y7rNhHvU.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.BWuHbhjm.png",K=JSON.parse('{"title":"Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md"}'),k={name:"examples/wave_mixing.md"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},d={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},T={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},c={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},w={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},A={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},S={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},J={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},G={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"};function W(N,i,R,$,I,O){return n(),t("div",null,[i[53]||(i[53]=e(`
Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing ​
Packages ​
We load the following packages into our environment:
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
+import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as e,j as s,a,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/sstwmep.CDefs9HS.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/hapmwqe.y7rNhHvU.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/gfmvopt.BWuHbhjm.png",K=JSON.parse('{"title":"Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md"}'),k={name:"examples/wave_mixing.md"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},d={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},T={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},c={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},w={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},A={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},S={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},J={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},G={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"};function W(N,i,R,$,I,O){return n(),t("div",null,[i[53]||(i[53]=e(`
Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing ​
Packages ​
We load the following packages into our environment:
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
 using Plots.Measures
 using Random
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as e,j as s,a,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js
 
 (2//1)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*ω + Differential(T)(u1(T))*γ + u1(T)*u2(T)*β - u1(T)*(ω^2) + u1(T)*(ω0^2) + v3(T)*v2(T)*β + v2(T)*v1(T)*β + v1(T)*γ*ω + u3(T)*u2(T)*β + (3//4)*(u1(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(v3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*v3(T)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α + (3//4)*u1(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v3(T)*v2(T)*u2(T)*α - (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*α - (3//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*α + (3//4)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ F
 
-Differential(T)(v1(T))*γ - (2//1)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*ω + u1(T)*v2(T)*β - u1(T)*γ*ω + v3(T)*u2(T)*β - v2(T)*u3(T)*β - v1(T)*u2(T)*β - v1(T)*(ω^2) + v1(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α - (3//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0//1
+Differential(T)(v1(T))*γ - (2//1)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*ω + u1(T)*v2(T)*β - u1(T)*γ*ω + v3(T)*u2(T)*β - v2(T)*u3(T)*β - v1(T)*u2(T)*β - v1(T)*(ω^2) + v1(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α - (3//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0
 
 Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (4//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*β + u1(T)*u3(T)*β + v3(T)*v1(T)*β + (2//1)*v2(T)*γ*ω - (1//2)*(v1(T)^2)*β - (4//1)*u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*v3(T)*v2(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*u2(T)*α - (3//2)*v3(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(u3(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0//1
 
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.nPQR0uea.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.Dtztbykr.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.nPQR0uea.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.Dtztbykr.lean.js
index cad26b58..548a093f 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.nPQR0uea.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/examples_wave_mixing.md.Dtztbykr.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as e,j as s,a,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/nyukexf.CDefs9HS.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/wyxykfg.y7rNhHvU.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.BWuHbhjm.png",K=JSON.parse('{"title":"Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md"}'),k={name:"examples/wave_mixing.md"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},d={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},T={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},c={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},w={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},A={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},S={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},J={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},G={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"};function W(N,i,R,$,I,O){return n(),t("div",null,[i[53]||(i[53]=e(`
Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing ​
Packages ​
We load the following packages into our environment:
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
+import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as e,j as s,a,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/sstwmep.CDefs9HS.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/hapmwqe.y7rNhHvU.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/gfmvopt.BWuHbhjm.png",K=JSON.parse('{"title":"Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md","filePath":"examples/wave_mixing.md"}'),k={name:"examples/wave_mixing.md"},o={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},d={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},T={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},c={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},w={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.448ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 640 453","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.538ex",height:"1.532ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 1122 677","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},A={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.339ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.342ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 593","aria-hidden":"true"},q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"14.728ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 6509.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"},S={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},J={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"7.807ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3450.7 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},G={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.938ex",height:"1.881ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -666 3950.7 831.6","aria-hidden":"true"};function W(N,i,R,$,I,O){return n(),t("div",null,[i[53]||(i[53]=e(`
Three Wave Mixing vs four wave mixing ​
Packages ​
We load the following packages into our environment:
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
 using Plots.Measures
 using Random
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as e,j as s,a,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js
 
 (2//1)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*ω + Differential(T)(u1(T))*γ + u1(T)*u2(T)*β - u1(T)*(ω^2) + u1(T)*(ω0^2) + v3(T)*v2(T)*β + v2(T)*v1(T)*β + v1(T)*γ*ω + u3(T)*u2(T)*β + (3//4)*(u1(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(v3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*v3(T)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α + (3//4)*u1(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v3(T)*v2(T)*u2(T)*α - (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*α - (3//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*α + (3//4)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ F
 
-Differential(T)(v1(T))*γ - (2//1)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*ω + u1(T)*v2(T)*β - u1(T)*γ*ω + v3(T)*u2(T)*β - v2(T)*u3(T)*β - v1(T)*u2(T)*β - v1(T)*(ω^2) + v1(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α - (3//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0//1
+Differential(T)(v1(T))*γ - (2//1)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*ω + u1(T)*v2(T)*β - u1(T)*γ*ω + v3(T)*u2(T)*β - v2(T)*u3(T)*β - v1(T)*u2(T)*β - v1(T)*(ω^2) + v1(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α - (3//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0
 
 Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (4//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*β + u1(T)*u3(T)*β + v3(T)*v1(T)*β + (2//1)*v2(T)*γ*ω - (1//2)*(v1(T)^2)*β - (4//1)*u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*v3(T)*v2(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*u2(T)*α - (3//2)*v3(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(u3(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0//1
 
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/vbkkbtx.CF_iK7k1.png b/previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.CF_iK7k1.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/vbkkbtx.CF_iK7k1.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.CF_iK7k1.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.BWuHbhjm.png b/previews/PR298/assets/gfmvopt.BWuHbhjm.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.BWuHbhjm.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/gfmvopt.BWuHbhjm.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/wyxykfg.y7rNhHvU.png b/previews/PR298/assets/hapmwqe.y7rNhHvU.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/wyxykfg.y7rNhHvU.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/hapmwqe.y7rNhHvU.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.BoGsh2BE.js b/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.CF7xy89Q.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.BoGsh2BE.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.CF7xy89Q.js
index 7c31a3d9..361d71a3 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.BoGsh2BE.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.CF7xy89Q.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as i,c as s,a4 as Q,j as a,o as T}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rqglgfs.B1eISI2b.png",V=JSON.parse('{"title":"Installation","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"introduction/index.md","filePath":"introduction/index.md"}'),n={name:"introduction/index.md"},l={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",display:"true",style:{direction:"ltr",display:"block","text-align":"center",margin:"1em 0",position:"relative"}},h={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-4.03ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"48.629ex",height:"6.03ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -883.9 21494.2 2665.1","aria-hidden":"true"};function r(d,t,p,o,k,m){return T(),s("div",null,[t[2]||(t[2]=Q(`
Installation ​
It is easy to install HarmonicBalance.jl as we are registered in the Julia General registry. You can simply run the following command in the Julia REPL:
julia
julia> using Pkg
+import{_ as i,c as s,a4 as Q,j as a,o as T}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.B1eISI2b.png",V=JSON.parse('{"title":"Installation","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"introduction/index.md","filePath":"introduction/index.md"}'),n={name:"introduction/index.md"},l={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",display:"true",style:{direction:"ltr",display:"block","text-align":"center",margin:"1em 0",position:"relative"}},h={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-4.03ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"48.629ex",height:"6.03ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -883.9 21494.2 2665.1","aria-hidden":"true"};function r(d,t,p,o,k,m){return T(),s("div",null,[t[2]||(t[2]=Q(`
Installation ​
It is easy to install HarmonicBalance.jl as we are registered in the Julia General registry. You can simply run the following command in the Julia REPL:
julia
julia> using Pkg
 julia> Pkg.add("HarmonicBalance")
or
julia
julia> ] # \`]\` should be pressed
 julia> Pkg.add("HarmonicBalance")
You can check which version you have installled with the command
julia
julia> ]
 julia> status HarmonicBalance
Getting Started ​
Let us find the steady states of an external driven Duffing oscillator with nonlinear damping. Its equation of motion is:
`,9)),a("mjx-container",l,[(T(),s("svg",h,t[0]||(t[0]=[Q('',1)]))),t[1]||(t[1]=a("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[a("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mover",null,[a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",null,"¨")])]),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),a("mo",null,"+"),a("mi",null,"γ"),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mover",null,[a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",null,"˙")])]),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),a("mo",null,"+"),a("msubsup",null,[a("mi",null,"ω"),a("mn",null,"0"),a("mn",null,"2")]),a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),a("mo",null,"⏟")])]),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mtext",null,"damped harmonic oscillator")])]),a("mo",null,"+"),a("munder",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",null,[a("mi",null,"α"),a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("msup",null,[a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),a("mn",null,"3")])]),a("mo",null,"⏟")])]),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mtext",null,"Duffing coefficient")])]),a("mo",null,"="),a("munder",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",null,[a("mi",null,"F"),a("mi",null,"cos"),a("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"ω"),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),a("mo",null,"⏟")])]),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mtext",null,"periodic drive")])])])],-1))]),t[3]||(t[3]=Q(`
julia
using HarmonicBalance
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.BoGsh2BE.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.CF7xy89Q.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.BoGsh2BE.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.CF7xy89Q.lean.js
index 7c31a3d9..361d71a3 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.BoGsh2BE.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/introduction_index.md.CF7xy89Q.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as i,c as s,a4 as Q,j as a,o as T}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rqglgfs.B1eISI2b.png",V=JSON.parse('{"title":"Installation","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"introduction/index.md","filePath":"introduction/index.md"}'),n={name:"introduction/index.md"},l={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",display:"true",style:{direction:"ltr",display:"block","text-align":"center",margin:"1em 0",position:"relative"}},h={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-4.03ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"48.629ex",height:"6.03ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -883.9 21494.2 2665.1","aria-hidden":"true"};function r(d,t,p,o,k,m){return T(),s("div",null,[t[2]||(t[2]=Q(`
Installation ​
It is easy to install HarmonicBalance.jl as we are registered in the Julia General registry. You can simply run the following command in the Julia REPL:
julia
julia> using Pkg
+import{_ as i,c as s,a4 as Q,j as a,o as T}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const e="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.B1eISI2b.png",V=JSON.parse('{"title":"Installation","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"introduction/index.md","filePath":"introduction/index.md"}'),n={name:"introduction/index.md"},l={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",display:"true",style:{direction:"ltr",display:"block","text-align":"center",margin:"1em 0",position:"relative"}},h={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-4.03ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"48.629ex",height:"6.03ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -883.9 21494.2 2665.1","aria-hidden":"true"};function r(d,t,p,o,k,m){return T(),s("div",null,[t[2]||(t[2]=Q(`
Installation ​
It is easy to install HarmonicBalance.jl as we are registered in the Julia General registry. You can simply run the following command in the Julia REPL:
julia
julia> using Pkg
 julia> Pkg.add("HarmonicBalance")
or
julia
julia> ] # \`]\` should be pressed
 julia> Pkg.add("HarmonicBalance")
You can check which version you have installled with the command
julia
julia> ]
 julia> status HarmonicBalance
Getting Started ​
Let us find the steady states of an external driven Duffing oscillator with nonlinear damping. Its equation of motion is:
`,9)),a("mjx-container",l,[(T(),s("svg",h,t[0]||(t[0]=[Q('',1)]))),t[1]||(t[1]=a("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[a("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mover",null,[a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",null,"¨")])]),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),a("mo",null,"+"),a("mi",null,"γ"),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mover",null,[a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",null,"˙")])]),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),a("mo",null,"+"),a("msubsup",null,[a("mi",null,"ω"),a("mn",null,"0"),a("mn",null,"2")]),a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),a("mo",null,"⏟")])]),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mtext",null,"damped harmonic oscillator")])]),a("mo",null,"+"),a("munder",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",null,[a("mi",null,"α"),a("mi",null,"x"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"t"),a("msup",null,[a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),a("mn",null,"3")])]),a("mo",null,"⏟")])]),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mtext",null,"Duffing coefficient")])]),a("mo",null,"="),a("munder",null,[a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[a("munder",null,[a("mrow",null,[a("mi",null,"F"),a("mi",null,"cos"),a("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),a("mi",null,"ω"),a("mi",null,"t"),a("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),a("mo",null,"⏟")])]),a("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[a("mtext",null,"periodic drive")])])])],-1))]),t[3]||(t[3]=Q(`
julia
using HarmonicBalance
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/ddktigp.DVQRnJSE.png b/previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.DVQRnJSE.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/ddktigp.DVQRnJSE.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.DVQRnJSE.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/cfcmjbv.BoTXYRl4.png b/previews/PR298/assets/lmaqesn.BoTXYRl4.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/cfcmjbv.BoTXYRl4.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/lmaqesn.BoTXYRl4.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.DaP9_FvO.png b/previews/PR298/assets/lypmfud.DaP9_FvO.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.DaP9_FvO.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/lypmfud.DaP9_FvO.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DoOiZlmG.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DY6Qsyzv.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DoOiZlmG.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DY6Qsyzv.js
index 68025fcb..c71c1540 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DoOiZlmG.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DY6Qsyzv.js
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ import{_ as h,c as t,j as i,a,a4 as n,G as k,B as p,o as e}from"./chunks/framewo
 
 ((1//2)*(ω^2)*v1(T) - (1//2)*(ω0^2)*v1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(u1(T))
 
-((1//2)*(ω0^2)*u1(T) - (1//2)*F - (1//2)*(ω^2)*u1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(v1(T))
source
`,7))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("p",null,[a("For further information and a detailed understanding of this method, refer to "),i("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogoliubov_averaging_method",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method on Wikipedia"),a(".")],-1))])}const f=h(r,[["render",E]]);export{C as __pageData,f as default};
+((1//2)*(ω0^2)*u1(T) - (1//2)*F - (1//2)*(ω^2)*u1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(v1(T))
source
`,7))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("p",null,[a("For further information and a detailed understanding of this method, refer to "),i("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogoliubov_averaging_method",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method on Wikipedia"),a(".")],-1))])}const f=h(r,[["render",E]]);export{C as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DoOiZlmG.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DY6Qsyzv.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DoOiZlmG.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DY6Qsyzv.lean.js
index 68025fcb..c71c1540 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DoOiZlmG.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.md.DY6Qsyzv.lean.js
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ import{_ as h,c as t,j as i,a,a4 as n,G as k,B as p,o as e}from"./chunks/framewo
 
 ((1//2)*(ω^2)*v1(T) - (1//2)*(ω0^2)*v1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(u1(T))
 
-((1//2)*(ω0^2)*u1(T) - (1//2)*F - (1//2)*(ω^2)*u1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(v1(T))
source
`,7))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("p",null,[a("For further information and a detailed understanding of this method, refer to "),i("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogoliubov_averaging_method",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method on Wikipedia"),a(".")],-1))])}const f=h(r,[["render",E]]);export{C as __pageData,f as default};
+((1//2)*(ω0^2)*u1(T) - (1//2)*F - (1//2)*(ω^2)*u1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(v1(T))
source
`,7))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("p",null,[a("For further information and a detailed understanding of this method, refer to "),i("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogoliubov_averaging_method",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method on Wikipedia"),a(".")],-1))])}const f=h(r,[["render",E]]);export{C as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.C-sG7qQL.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.DmEOPAel.js
similarity index 97%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.C-sG7qQL.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.DmEOPAel.js
index 66e04aa9..37012449 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.C-sG7qQL.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.DmEOPAel.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import{_ as e,c as h,j as s,a,G as t,a4 as l,B as k,o as p}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"Entering equations of motion","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/entering_eom.md","filePath":"manual/entering_eom.md"}'),r={name:"manual/entering_eom.md"},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function y(c,i,F,u,m,f){const n=k("Badge");return p(),h("div",null,[i[12]||(i[12]=s("h1",{id:"Entering-equations-of-motion",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Entering equations of motion "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Entering-equations-of-motion","aria-label":'Permalink to "Entering equations of motion {#Entering-equations-of-motion}"'},"​")],-1)),i[13]||(i[13]=s("p",null,[a("The struct "),s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation"),a(" is the primary input method; it holds an ODE or a coupled system of ODEs composed of terms with harmonic time-dependence The dependent variables are specified during input, any other symbols are identified as parameters. Information on which variable is to be expanded in which harmonic is specified using "),s("code",null,"add_harmonic!"),a(".")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=s("p",null,[s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation.equations"),a(" stores a dictionary assigning variables to equations. This information is necessary because the harmonics belonging to a variable are later used to Fourier-transform its corresponding ODE.")],-1)),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[i[0]||(i[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation",href:"#HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation")],-1)),i[1]||(i[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[2]||(i[2]=l(`
julia
mutable struct DifferentialEquation
Holds differential equation(s) of motion and a set of harmonics to expand each variable. This is the primary input for HarmonicBalance.jl ; after inputting the equations, the harmonics ansatz needs to be specified using add_harmonic!.
Fields
  • equations::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Equation}: Assigns to each variable an equation of motion.
  • harmonics::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, OrderedCollections.OrderedSet{Num}}: Assigns to each variable a set of harmonics.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
+import{_ as e,c as h,j as s,a,G as t,a4 as l,B as k,o as p}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"Entering equations of motion","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/entering_eom.md","filePath":"manual/entering_eom.md"}'),r={name:"manual/entering_eom.md"},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function y(c,i,F,u,f,m){const n=k("Badge");return p(),h("div",null,[i[12]||(i[12]=s("h1",{id:"Entering-equations-of-motion",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Entering equations of motion "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Entering-equations-of-motion","aria-label":'Permalink to "Entering equations of motion {#Entering-equations-of-motion}"'},"​")],-1)),i[13]||(i[13]=s("p",null,[a("The struct "),s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation"),a(" is the primary input method; it holds an ODE or a coupled system of ODEs composed of terms with harmonic time-dependence The dependent variables are specified during input, any other symbols are identified as parameters. Information on which variable is to be expanded in which harmonic is specified using "),s("code",null,"add_harmonic!"),a(".")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=s("p",null,[s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation.equations"),a(" stores a dictionary assigning variables to equations. This information is necessary because the harmonics belonging to a variable are later used to Fourier-transform its corresponding ODE.")],-1)),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[i[0]||(i[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation",href:"#HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation")],-1)),i[1]||(i[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[2]||(i[2]=l(`
julia
mutable struct DifferentialEquation
Holds differential equation(s) of motion and a set of harmonics to expand each variable. This is the primary input for HarmonicBalance.jl ; after inputting the equations, the harmonics ansatz needs to be specified using add_harmonic!.
Fields
  • equations::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Equation}: Assigns to each variable an equation of motion.
  • harmonics::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, OrderedCollections.OrderedSet{Num}}: Assigns to each variable a set of harmonics.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
 
 # equivalent ways to enter the simple harmonic oscillator
 julia> DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - F * cos(ω*t), x);
 julia> DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F * cos(ω*t), x);
 
 # two coupled oscillators, one of them driven
-julia> DifferentialEquation([d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - k*y, d(y,t,2) + ω0^2 * y - k*x] .~ [F * cos(ω*t), 0], [x,y]);
source
`,7))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[5]||(i[5]=l(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation, var::Num, ω)
Add the harmonic ω to the harmonic ansatz used to expand the variable var in diff_eom.
Example
define the simple harmonic oscillator and specify that x(t) oscillates with frequency ω
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
+julia> DifferentialEquation([d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - k*y, d(y,t,2) + ω0^2 * y - k*x] .~ [F * cos(ω*t), 0], [x,y]);
source
`,7))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[5]||(i[5]=l(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation, var::Num, ω)
Add the harmonic ω to the harmonic ansatz used to expand the variable var in diff_eom.
Example
define the simple harmonic oscillator and specify that x(t) oscillates with frequency ω
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
 julia> diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F * cos(ω*t), x);
 julia> add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω) # expand x using ω
 
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ import{_ as e,c as h,j as s,a,G as t,a4 as l,B as k,o as p}from"./chunks/framewo
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ω;
 
-(ω0^2)*x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) ~ F*cos(t*ω)
source
`,6))]),s("details",o,[s("summary",null,[i[6]||(i[6]=s("a",{id:"Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Symbolics.get_variables")],-1)),i[7]||(i[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[8]||(i[8]=l('
julia
get_variables(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation) -> Vector{Num}
Return the dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
',3))]),s("details",g,[s("summary",null,[i[9]||(i[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables")],-1)),i[10]||(i[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=l(`
julia
get_independent_variables(
+(ω0^2)*x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) ~ F*cos(t*ω)
source
`,6))]),s("details",o,[s("summary",null,[i[6]||(i[6]=s("a",{id:"Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Symbolics.get_variables")],-1)),i[7]||(i[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[8]||(i[8]=l('
julia
get_variables(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation) -> Vector{Num}
Return the dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
',3))]),s("details",g,[s("summary",null,[i[9]||(i[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables")],-1)),i[10]||(i[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=l(`
julia
get_independent_variables(
     diff_eom::DifferentialEquation
-) -> Any
Return the independent dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
`,3))])])}const D=e(r,[["render",y]]);export{C as __pageData,D as default};
+) -> Any
Return the independent dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
`,3))])])}const D=e(r,[["render",y]]);export{b as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.C-sG7qQL.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.DmEOPAel.lean.js
similarity index 97%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.C-sG7qQL.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.DmEOPAel.lean.js
index 66e04aa9..37012449 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.C-sG7qQL.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_entering_eom.md.DmEOPAel.lean.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import{_ as e,c as h,j as s,a,G as t,a4 as l,B as k,o as p}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"Entering equations of motion","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/entering_eom.md","filePath":"manual/entering_eom.md"}'),r={name:"manual/entering_eom.md"},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function y(c,i,F,u,m,f){const n=k("Badge");return p(),h("div",null,[i[12]||(i[12]=s("h1",{id:"Entering-equations-of-motion",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Entering equations of motion "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Entering-equations-of-motion","aria-label":'Permalink to "Entering equations of motion {#Entering-equations-of-motion}"'},"​")],-1)),i[13]||(i[13]=s("p",null,[a("The struct "),s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation"),a(" is the primary input method; it holds an ODE or a coupled system of ODEs composed of terms with harmonic time-dependence The dependent variables are specified during input, any other symbols are identified as parameters. Information on which variable is to be expanded in which harmonic is specified using "),s("code",null,"add_harmonic!"),a(".")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=s("p",null,[s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation.equations"),a(" stores a dictionary assigning variables to equations. This information is necessary because the harmonics belonging to a variable are later used to Fourier-transform its corresponding ODE.")],-1)),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[i[0]||(i[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation",href:"#HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation")],-1)),i[1]||(i[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[2]||(i[2]=l(`
julia
mutable struct DifferentialEquation
Holds differential equation(s) of motion and a set of harmonics to expand each variable. This is the primary input for HarmonicBalance.jl ; after inputting the equations, the harmonics ansatz needs to be specified using add_harmonic!.
Fields
  • equations::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Equation}: Assigns to each variable an equation of motion.
  • harmonics::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, OrderedCollections.OrderedSet{Num}}: Assigns to each variable a set of harmonics.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
+import{_ as e,c as h,j as s,a,G as t,a4 as l,B as k,o as p}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"Entering equations of motion","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/entering_eom.md","filePath":"manual/entering_eom.md"}'),r={name:"manual/entering_eom.md"},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},o={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function y(c,i,F,u,f,m){const n=k("Badge");return p(),h("div",null,[i[12]||(i[12]=s("h1",{id:"Entering-equations-of-motion",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Entering equations of motion "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Entering-equations-of-motion","aria-label":'Permalink to "Entering equations of motion {#Entering-equations-of-motion}"'},"​")],-1)),i[13]||(i[13]=s("p",null,[a("The struct "),s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation"),a(" is the primary input method; it holds an ODE or a coupled system of ODEs composed of terms with harmonic time-dependence The dependent variables are specified during input, any other symbols are identified as parameters. Information on which variable is to be expanded in which harmonic is specified using "),s("code",null,"add_harmonic!"),a(".")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=s("p",null,[s("code",null,"DifferentialEquation.equations"),a(" stores a dictionary assigning variables to equations. This information is necessary because the harmonics belonging to a variable are later used to Fourier-transform its corresponding ODE.")],-1)),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[i[0]||(i[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation",href:"#HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.DifferentialEquation")],-1)),i[1]||(i[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[2]||(i[2]=l(`
julia
mutable struct DifferentialEquation
Holds differential equation(s) of motion and a set of harmonics to expand each variable. This is the primary input for HarmonicBalance.jl ; after inputting the equations, the harmonics ansatz needs to be specified using add_harmonic!.
Fields
  • equations::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Equation}: Assigns to each variable an equation of motion.
  • harmonics::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, OrderedCollections.OrderedSet{Num}}: Assigns to each variable a set of harmonics.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
 
 # equivalent ways to enter the simple harmonic oscillator
 julia> DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - F * cos(ω*t), x);
 julia> DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F * cos(ω*t), x);
 
 # two coupled oscillators, one of them driven
-julia> DifferentialEquation([d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - k*y, d(y,t,2) + ω0^2 * y - k*x] .~ [F * cos(ω*t), 0], [x,y]);
source
`,7))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[5]||(i[5]=l(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation, var::Num, ω)
Add the harmonic ω to the harmonic ansatz used to expand the variable var in diff_eom.
Example
define the simple harmonic oscillator and specify that x(t) oscillates with frequency ω
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
+julia> DifferentialEquation([d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - k*y, d(y,t,2) + ω0^2 * y - k*x] .~ [F * cos(ω*t), 0], [x,y]);
source
`,7))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic!")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[5]||(i[5]=l(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation, var::Num, ω)
Add the harmonic ω to the harmonic ansatz used to expand the variable var in diff_eom.
Example
define the simple harmonic oscillator and specify that x(t) oscillates with frequency ω
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
 julia> diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F * cos(ω*t), x);
 julia> add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω) # expand x using ω
 
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ import{_ as e,c as h,j as s,a,G as t,a4 as l,B as k,o as p}from"./chunks/framewo
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ω;
 
-(ω0^2)*x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) ~ F*cos(t*ω)
source
`,6))]),s("details",o,[s("summary",null,[i[6]||(i[6]=s("a",{id:"Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Symbolics.get_variables")],-1)),i[7]||(i[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[8]||(i[8]=l('
julia
get_variables(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation) -> Vector{Num}
Return the dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
',3))]),s("details",g,[s("summary",null,[i[9]||(i[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables")],-1)),i[10]||(i[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=l(`
julia
get_independent_variables(
+(ω0^2)*x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) ~ F*cos(t*ω)
source
`,6))]),s("details",o,[s("summary",null,[i[6]||(i[6]=s("a",{id:"Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#Symbolics.get_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"Symbolics.get_variables")],-1)),i[7]||(i[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[8]||(i[8]=l('
julia
get_variables(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation) -> Vector{Num}
Return the dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
',3))]),s("details",g,[s("summary",null,[i[9]||(i[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables-Tuple{DifferentialEquation}"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables")],-1)),i[10]||(i[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=l(`
julia
get_independent_variables(
     diff_eom::DifferentialEquation
-) -> Any
Return the independent dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
`,3))])])}const D=e(r,[["render",y]]);export{C as __pageData,D as default};
+) -> Any
Return the independent dependent variables of diff_eom.
source
`,3))])])}const D=e(r,[["render",y]]);export{b as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.Cpv7m-2B.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.B8ILa1aP.js
similarity index 98%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.Cpv7m-2B.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.B8ILa1aP.js
index b13bbcb7..def20964 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.Cpv7m-2B.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.B8ILa1aP.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as T,c as e,a4 as t,j as s,a as i,G as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const S=JSON.parse('{"title":"Extracting harmonic equations","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md","filePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"}'),r={name:"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.972ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"47.051ex",height:"3.144ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -960 20796.4 1389.6","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.845ex",height:"2.363ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 3909.4 1044.2","aria-hidden":"true"},E={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.251ex",height:"1.668ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1436.9 737.2","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},b={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},w={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},F={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},L={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.378ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 1051 683","aria-hidden":"true"},C={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.009ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 888 683","aria-hidden":"true"},M={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function A(q,a,O,N,z,_){const l=Q("Badge");return n(),e("div",null,[a[56]||(a[56]=t('
Extracting harmonic equations ​
Harmonic Balance method ​
Once a DifferentialEquation is defined and its harmonics specified, one can extract the harmonic equations using get_harmonic_equations, which itself is composed of the subroutines harmonic_ansatz, slow_flow, fourier_transform! and drop_powers.
The harmonic equations use an additional time variable specified as slow_time in get_harmonic_equations. This is essentially a label distinguishing the time dependence of the harmonic variables (expected to be slow) from that of the oscillating terms (expeted to be fast). When the equations are Fourier-transformed to remove oscillating terms, slow_time is treated as a constant. Such an approach is exact when looking for steady states.
',4)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[a[0]||(a[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations")],-1)),a[1]||(a[1]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[2]||(a[2]=t(`
julia
get_harmonic_equations(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation; fast_time=nothing, slow_time=nothing)
Apply the harmonic ansatz, followed by the slow-flow, Fourier transform and dropping higher-order derivatives to obtain a set of ODEs (the harmonic equations) governing the harmonics of diff_eom.
The harmonics evolve in slow_time, the oscillating terms themselves in fast_time. If no input is used, a variable T is defined for slow_time and fast_time is taken as the independent variable of diff_eom.
By default, all products of order > 1 of slow_time-derivatives are dropped, which means the equations are linear in the time-derivatives.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), ω0, ω, F;
+import{_ as T,c as e,a4 as t,j as s,a as i,G as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const S=JSON.parse('{"title":"Extracting harmonic equations","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md","filePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"}'),r={name:"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.972ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"47.051ex",height:"3.144ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -960 20796.4 1389.6","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.845ex",height:"2.363ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 3909.4 1044.2","aria-hidden":"true"},E={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.251ex",height:"1.668ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1436.9 737.2","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},w={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},H={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},b={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},F={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},L={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.378ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 1051 683","aria-hidden":"true"},C={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.009ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 888 683","aria-hidden":"true"},M={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function A(q,a,O,N,z,_){const l=Q("Badge");return n(),e("div",null,[a[56]||(a[56]=t('
Extracting harmonic equations ​
Harmonic Balance method ​
Once a DifferentialEquation is defined and its harmonics specified, one can extract the harmonic equations using get_harmonic_equations, which itself is composed of the subroutines harmonic_ansatz, slow_flow, fourier_transform! and drop_powers.
The harmonic equations use an additional time variable specified as slow_time in get_harmonic_equations. This is essentially a label distinguishing the time dependence of the harmonic variables (expected to be slow) from that of the oscillating terms (expeted to be fast). When the equations are Fourier-transformed to remove oscillating terms, slow_time is treated as a constant. Such an approach is exact when looking for steady states.
',4)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[a[0]||(a[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations")],-1)),a[1]||(a[1]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[2]||(a[2]=t(`
julia
get_harmonic_equations(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation; fast_time=nothing, slow_time=nothing)
Apply the harmonic ansatz, followed by the slow-flow, Fourier transform and dropping higher-order derivatives to obtain a set of ODEs (the harmonic equations) governing the harmonics of diff_eom.
The harmonics evolve in slow_time, the oscillating terms themselves in fast_time. If no input is used, a variable T is defined for slow_time and fast_time is taken as the independent variable of diff_eom.
By default, all products of order > 1 of slow_time-derivatives are dropped, which means the equations are linear in the time-derivatives.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), ω0, ω, F;
 
 # enter the simple harmonic oscillator
 julia> diff_eom = DifferentialEquation( d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F *cos(ω*t), x);
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ import{_ as T,c as e,a4 as t,j as s,a as i,G as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/fr
 
 (ω0^2)*u1(T) + (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(v1(T)) - (ω^2)*u1(T) ~ F
 
-(ω0^2)*v1(T) - (ω^2)*v1(T) - (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(u1(T)) ~ 0
source
`,7))]),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[a[3]||(a[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz",href:"#HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz")],-1)),a[4]||(a[4]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[5]||(a[5]=t('
julia
harmonic_ansatz(eom::DifferentialEquation, time::Num; coordinates="Cartesian")
Expand each variable of diff_eom using the harmonics assigned to it with time as the time variable. For each harmonic of each variable, instance(s) of HarmonicVariable are automatically created and named.
source
',3))]),s("details",p,[s("summary",null,[a[6]||(a[6]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow",href:"#HarmonicBalance.slow_flow"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow")],-1)),a[7]||(a[7]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[8]||(a[8]=t('
julia
slow_flow(eom::HarmonicEquation; fast_time::Num, slow_time::Num, degree=2)
Removes all derivatives w.r.t fast_time (and their products) in eom of power degree. In the remaining derivatives, fast_time is replaced by slow_time.
source
',3))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[a[9]||(a[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform",href:"#HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform")],-1)),a[10]||(a[10]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[11]||(a[11]=t(`
julia
fourier_transform(
+(ω0^2)*v1(T) - (ω^2)*v1(T) - (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(u1(T)) ~ 0
source
`,7))]),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[a[3]||(a[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz",href:"#HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz")],-1)),a[4]||(a[4]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[5]||(a[5]=t('
julia
harmonic_ansatz(eom::DifferentialEquation, time::Num; coordinates="Cartesian")
Expand each variable of diff_eom using the harmonics assigned to it with time as the time variable. For each harmonic of each variable, instance(s) of HarmonicVariable are automatically created and named.
source
',3))]),s("details",p,[s("summary",null,[a[6]||(a[6]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow",href:"#HarmonicBalance.slow_flow"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow")],-1)),a[7]||(a[7]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[8]||(a[8]=t('
julia
slow_flow(eom::HarmonicEquation; fast_time::Num, slow_time::Num, degree=2)
Removes all derivatives w.r.t fast_time (and their products) in eom of power degree. In the remaining derivatives, fast_time is replaced by slow_time.
source
',3))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[a[9]||(a[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform",href:"#HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform")],-1)),a[10]||(a[10]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[11]||(a[11]=t(`
julia
fourier_transform(
     eom::HarmonicEquation,
     time::Num
-) -> HarmonicEquation
Extract the Fourier components of eom corresponding to the harmonics specified in eom.variables. For each non-zero harmonic of each variable, 2 equations are generated (cos and sin Fourier coefficients). For each zero (constant) harmonic, 1 equation is generated time does not appear in the resulting equations anymore.
Underlying assumption: all time-dependences are harmonic.
source
`,4))]),s("details",m,[s("summary",null,[a[12]||(a[12]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers",href:"#HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers")],-1)),a[13]||(a[13]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[14]||(a[14]=t(`
julia
drop_powers(expr, vars, deg)
Remove parts of expr where the combined power of vars is => deg.
Example
julia
julia> @variables x,y;
+) -> HarmonicEquation
Extract the Fourier components of eom corresponding to the harmonics specified in eom.variables. For each non-zero harmonic of each variable, 2 equations are generated (cos and sin Fourier coefficients). For each zero (constant) harmonic, 1 equation is generated time does not appear in the resulting equations anymore.
Underlying assumption: all time-dependences are harmonic.
source
`,4))]),s("details",m,[s("summary",null,[a[12]||(a[12]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers",href:"#HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers")],-1)),a[13]||(a[13]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[14]||(a[14]=t(`
julia
drop_powers(expr, vars, deg)
Remove parts of expr where the combined power of vars is => deg.
Example
julia
julia> @variables x,y;
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2, x, 2)
 y^2 + 2*x*y
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2, [x,y], 2)
 0
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2 + (x+y)^3, [x,y], 3)
-x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y
source
`,5))]),a[57]||(a[57]=s("h2",{id:"HarmonicVariable-and-HarmonicEquation-types",tabindex:"-1"},[i("HarmonicVariable and HarmonicEquation types "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#HarmonicVariable-and-HarmonicEquation-types","aria-label":'Permalink to "HarmonicVariable and HarmonicEquation types {#HarmonicVariable-and-HarmonicEquation-types}"'},"​")],-1)),s("p",null,[a[25]||(a[25]=i("The equations governing the harmonics are stored using the two following structs. 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julia
mutable struct HarmonicVariable
Holds a variable stored under symbol describing the harmonic ω of natural_variable.
Fields
  • symbol::Num: Symbol of the variable in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
  • name::String: Human-readable labels of the variable, used for plotting.
  • type::String: Type of the variable (u or v for quadratures, a for a constant, Hopf for Hopf etc.)
  • ω::Num: The harmonic being described.
  • natural_variable::Num: The natural variable whose harmonic is being described.
source
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julia
mutable struct HarmonicEquation
Holds a set of algebraic equations governing the harmonics of a DifferentialEquation.
Fields
  • equations::Vector{Equation}: A set of equations governing the harmonics.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: A set of variables describing the harmonics.
  • parameters::Vector{Num}: The parameters of the equation set.
  • natural_equation::DifferentialEquation: The natural equation (before the harmonic ansatz was used).
source
',5))])])}const G=T(r,[["render",A]]);export{S as __pageData,G as default};
+x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y
source
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julia
mutable struct HarmonicVariable
Holds a variable stored under symbol describing the harmonic ω of natural_variable.
Fields
  • symbol::Num: Symbol of the variable in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
  • name::String: Human-readable labels of the variable, used for plotting.
  • type::String: Type of the variable (u or v for quadratures, a for a constant, Hopf for Hopf etc.)
  • ω::Num: The harmonic being described.
  • natural_variable::Num: The natural variable whose harmonic is being described.
source
',5))]),s("p",null,[a[44]||(a[44]=i("When the full set of equations of motion is expanded using the harmonic ansatz, the result is stored as a ")),a[45]||(a[45]=s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation",-1)),a[46]||(a[46]=i(". For an initial equation of motion consisting of ")),s("mjx-container",v,[(n(),e("svg",L,a[36]||(a[36]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D440",d:"M289 629Q289 635 232 637Q208 637 201 638T194 648Q194 649 196 659Q197 662 198 666T199 671T201 676T203 679T207 681T212 683T220 683T232 684Q238 684 262 684T307 683Q386 683 398 683T414 678Q415 674 451 396L487 117L510 154Q534 190 574 254T662 394Q837 673 839 675Q840 676 842 678T846 681L852 683H948Q965 683 988 683T1017 684Q1051 684 1051 673Q1051 668 1048 656T1045 643Q1041 637 1008 637Q968 636 957 634T939 623Q936 618 867 340T797 59Q797 55 798 54T805 50T822 48T855 46H886Q892 37 892 35Q892 19 885 5Q880 0 869 0Q864 0 828 1T736 2Q675 2 644 2T609 1Q592 1 592 11Q592 13 594 25Q598 41 602 43T625 46Q652 46 685 49Q699 52 704 61Q706 65 742 207T813 490T848 631L654 322Q458 10 453 5Q451 4 449 3Q444 0 433 0Q418 0 415 7Q413 11 374 317L335 624L267 354Q200 88 200 79Q206 46 272 46H282Q288 41 289 37T286 19Q282 3 278 1Q274 0 267 0Q265 0 255 0T221 1T157 2Q127 2 95 1T58 0Q43 0 39 2T35 11Q35 13 38 25T43 40Q45 46 65 46Q135 46 154 86Q158 92 223 354T289 629Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[37]||(a[37]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"M")])],-1))]),a[47]||(a[47]=i(" variables, each expanded in ")),s("mjx-container",C,[(n(),e("svg",D,a[38]||(a[38]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D441",d:"M234 637Q231 637 226 637Q201 637 196 638T191 649Q191 676 202 682Q204 683 299 683Q376 683 387 683T401 677Q612 181 616 168L670 381Q723 592 723 606Q723 633 659 637Q635 637 635 648Q635 650 637 660Q641 676 643 679T653 683Q656 683 684 682T767 680Q817 680 843 681T873 682Q888 682 888 672Q888 650 880 642Q878 637 858 637Q787 633 769 597L620 7Q618 0 599 0Q585 0 582 2Q579 5 453 305L326 604L261 344Q196 88 196 79Q201 46 268 46H278Q284 41 284 38T282 19Q278 6 272 0H259Q228 2 151 2Q123 2 100 2T63 2T46 1Q31 1 31 10Q31 14 34 26T39 40Q41 46 62 46Q130 49 150 85Q154 91 221 362L289 634Q287 635 234 637Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[39]||(a[39]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"N")])],-1))]),a[48]||(a[48]=i(" harmonics, the resulting ")),a[49]||(a[49]=s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation",-1)),a[50]||(a[50]=i(" holds ")),s("mjx-container",M,[(n(),e("svg",j,a[40]||(a[40]=[t('',1)]))),a[41]||(a[41]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"N"),s("mi",null,"M")])],-1))]),a[51]||(a[51]=i(" equations of ")),s("mjx-container",B,[(n(),e("svg",Z,a[42]||(a[42]=[t('',1)]))),a[43]||(a[43]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"N"),s("mi",null,"M")])],-1))]),a[52]||(a[52]=i(" variables. Each symbol not corresponding to a variable is identified as a parameter."))]),a[58]||(a[58]=s("p",null,[i("A "),s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation"),i(" can be either parsed into a steady-state "),s("code",null,"Problem"),i(" or solved using a dynamical ODE solver.")],-1)),s("details",V,[s("summary",null,[a[53]||(a[53]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation",href:"#HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation")],-1)),a[54]||(a[54]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),a[55]||(a[55]=t('
julia
mutable struct HarmonicEquation
Holds a set of algebraic equations governing the harmonics of a DifferentialEquation.
Fields
  • equations::Vector{Equation}: A set of equations governing the harmonics.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: A set of variables describing the harmonics.
  • parameters::Vector{Num}: The parameters of the equation set.
  • natural_equation::DifferentialEquation: The natural equation (before the harmonic ansatz was used).
source
',5))])])}const G=T(r,[["render",A]]);export{S as __pageData,G as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.Cpv7m-2B.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.B8ILa1aP.lean.js
similarity index 98%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.Cpv7m-2B.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.B8ILa1aP.lean.js
index b13bbcb7..def20964 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.Cpv7m-2B.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_extracting_harmonics.md.B8ILa1aP.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as T,c as e,a4 as t,j as s,a as i,G as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const S=JSON.parse('{"title":"Extracting harmonic equations","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md","filePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"}'),r={name:"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.972ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"47.051ex",height:"3.144ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -960 20796.4 1389.6","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.845ex",height:"2.363ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 3909.4 1044.2","aria-hidden":"true"},E={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.251ex",height:"1.668ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1436.9 737.2","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},b={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},w={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},F={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},L={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.378ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 1051 683","aria-hidden":"true"},C={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.009ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 888 683","aria-hidden":"true"},M={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function A(q,a,O,N,z,_){const l=Q("Badge");return n(),e("div",null,[a[56]||(a[56]=t('
Extracting harmonic equations ​
Harmonic Balance method ​
Once a DifferentialEquation is defined and its harmonics specified, one can extract the harmonic equations using get_harmonic_equations, which itself is composed of the subroutines harmonic_ansatz, slow_flow, fourier_transform! and drop_powers.
The harmonic equations use an additional time variable specified as slow_time in get_harmonic_equations. This is essentially a label distinguishing the time dependence of the harmonic variables (expected to be slow) from that of the oscillating terms (expeted to be fast). When the equations are Fourier-transformed to remove oscillating terms, slow_time is treated as a constant. Such an approach is exact when looking for steady states.
',4)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[a[0]||(a[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations")],-1)),a[1]||(a[1]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[2]||(a[2]=t(`
julia
get_harmonic_equations(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation; fast_time=nothing, slow_time=nothing)
Apply the harmonic ansatz, followed by the slow-flow, Fourier transform and dropping higher-order derivatives to obtain a set of ODEs (the harmonic equations) governing the harmonics of diff_eom.
The harmonics evolve in slow_time, the oscillating terms themselves in fast_time. If no input is used, a variable T is defined for slow_time and fast_time is taken as the independent variable of diff_eom.
By default, all products of order > 1 of slow_time-derivatives are dropped, which means the equations are linear in the time-derivatives.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), ω0, ω, F;
+import{_ as T,c as e,a4 as t,j as s,a as i,G as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const S=JSON.parse('{"title":"Extracting harmonic equations","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md","filePath":"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"}'),r={name:"manual/extracting_harmonics.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.972ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"47.051ex",height:"3.144ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -960 20796.4 1389.6","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"8.845ex",height:"2.363ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 3909.4 1044.2","aria-hidden":"true"},E={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},x={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.666ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.251ex",height:"1.668ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1436.9 737.2","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},w={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},H={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},b={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"4.611ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2038 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},F={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},L={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.378ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 1051 683","aria-hidden":"true"},C={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},D={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.009ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 888 683","aria-hidden":"true"},M={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},B={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Z={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.518ex",height:"1.545ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -683 2439 683","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function A(q,a,O,N,z,_){const l=Q("Badge");return n(),e("div",null,[a[56]||(a[56]=t('
Extracting harmonic equations ​
Harmonic Balance method ​
Once a DifferentialEquation is defined and its harmonics specified, one can extract the harmonic equations using get_harmonic_equations, which itself is composed of the subroutines harmonic_ansatz, slow_flow, fourier_transform! and drop_powers.
The harmonic equations use an additional time variable specified as slow_time in get_harmonic_equations. This is essentially a label distinguishing the time dependence of the harmonic variables (expected to be slow) from that of the oscillating terms (expeted to be fast). When the equations are Fourier-transformed to remove oscillating terms, slow_time is treated as a constant. Such an approach is exact when looking for steady states.
',4)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[a[0]||(a[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_harmonic_equations")],-1)),a[1]||(a[1]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[2]||(a[2]=t(`
julia
get_harmonic_equations(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation; fast_time=nothing, slow_time=nothing)
Apply the harmonic ansatz, followed by the slow-flow, Fourier transform and dropping higher-order derivatives to obtain a set of ODEs (the harmonic equations) governing the harmonics of diff_eom.
The harmonics evolve in slow_time, the oscillating terms themselves in fast_time. If no input is used, a variable T is defined for slow_time and fast_time is taken as the independent variable of diff_eom.
By default, all products of order > 1 of slow_time-derivatives are dropped, which means the equations are linear in the time-derivatives.
Example
julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), ω0, ω, F;
 
 # enter the simple harmonic oscillator
 julia> diff_eom = DifferentialEquation( d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F *cos(ω*t), x);
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ import{_ as T,c as e,a4 as t,j as s,a as i,G as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/fr
 
 (ω0^2)*u1(T) + (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(v1(T)) - (ω^2)*u1(T) ~ F
 
-(ω0^2)*v1(T) - (ω^2)*v1(T) - (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(u1(T)) ~ 0
source
`,7))]),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[a[3]||(a[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz",href:"#HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz")],-1)),a[4]||(a[4]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[5]||(a[5]=t('
julia
harmonic_ansatz(eom::DifferentialEquation, time::Num; coordinates="Cartesian")
Expand each variable of diff_eom using the harmonics assigned to it with time as the time variable. For each harmonic of each variable, instance(s) of HarmonicVariable are automatically created and named.
source
',3))]),s("details",p,[s("summary",null,[a[6]||(a[6]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow",href:"#HarmonicBalance.slow_flow"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow")],-1)),a[7]||(a[7]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[8]||(a[8]=t('
julia
slow_flow(eom::HarmonicEquation; fast_time::Num, slow_time::Num, degree=2)
Removes all derivatives w.r.t fast_time (and their products) in eom of power degree. In the remaining derivatives, fast_time is replaced by slow_time.
source
',3))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[a[9]||(a[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform",href:"#HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform")],-1)),a[10]||(a[10]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[11]||(a[11]=t(`
julia
fourier_transform(
+(ω0^2)*v1(T) - (ω^2)*v1(T) - (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(u1(T)) ~ 0
source
`,7))]),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[a[3]||(a[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz",href:"#HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz")],-1)),a[4]||(a[4]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[5]||(a[5]=t('
julia
harmonic_ansatz(eom::DifferentialEquation, time::Num; coordinates="Cartesian")
Expand each variable of diff_eom using the harmonics assigned to it with time as the time variable. For each harmonic of each variable, instance(s) of HarmonicVariable are automatically created and named.
source
',3))]),s("details",p,[s("summary",null,[a[6]||(a[6]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow",href:"#HarmonicBalance.slow_flow"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.slow_flow")],-1)),a[7]||(a[7]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[8]||(a[8]=t('
julia
slow_flow(eom::HarmonicEquation; fast_time::Num, slow_time::Num, degree=2)
Removes all derivatives w.r.t fast_time (and their products) in eom of power degree. In the remaining derivatives, fast_time is replaced by slow_time.
source
',3))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[a[9]||(a[9]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform",href:"#HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform")],-1)),a[10]||(a[10]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[11]||(a[11]=t(`
julia
fourier_transform(
     eom::HarmonicEquation,
     time::Num
-) -> HarmonicEquation
Extract the Fourier components of eom corresponding to the harmonics specified in eom.variables. For each non-zero harmonic of each variable, 2 equations are generated (cos and sin Fourier coefficients). For each zero (constant) harmonic, 1 equation is generated time does not appear in the resulting equations anymore.
Underlying assumption: all time-dependences are harmonic.
source
`,4))]),s("details",m,[s("summary",null,[a[12]||(a[12]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers",href:"#HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers")],-1)),a[13]||(a[13]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[14]||(a[14]=t(`
julia
drop_powers(expr, vars, deg)
Remove parts of expr where the combined power of vars is => deg.
Example
julia
julia> @variables x,y;
+) -> HarmonicEquation
Extract the Fourier components of eom corresponding to the harmonics specified in eom.variables. For each non-zero harmonic of each variable, 2 equations are generated (cos and sin Fourier coefficients). For each zero (constant) harmonic, 1 equation is generated time does not appear in the resulting equations anymore.
Underlying assumption: all time-dependences are harmonic.
source
`,4))]),s("details",m,[s("summary",null,[a[12]||(a[12]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers",href:"#HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers")],-1)),a[13]||(a[13]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[14]||(a[14]=t(`
julia
drop_powers(expr, vars, deg)
Remove parts of expr where the combined power of vars is => deg.
Example
julia
julia> @variables x,y;
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2, x, 2)
 y^2 + 2*x*y
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2, [x,y], 2)
 0
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2 + (x+y)^3, [x,y], 3)
-x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y
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`,5))]),a[57]||(a[57]=s("h2",{id:"HarmonicVariable-and-HarmonicEquation-types",tabindex:"-1"},[i("HarmonicVariable and HarmonicEquation types "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#HarmonicVariable-and-HarmonicEquation-types","aria-label":'Permalink to "HarmonicVariable and HarmonicEquation types {#HarmonicVariable-and-HarmonicEquation-types}"'},"​")],-1)),s("p",null,[a[25]||(a[25]=i("The equations governing the harmonics are stored using the two following structs. 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julia
mutable struct HarmonicVariable
Holds a variable stored under symbol describing the harmonic ω of natural_variable.
Fields
  • symbol::Num: Symbol of the variable in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
  • name::String: Human-readable labels of the variable, used for plotting.
  • type::String: Type of the variable (u or v for quadratures, a for a constant, Hopf for Hopf etc.)
  • ω::Num: The harmonic being described.
  • natural_variable::Num: The natural variable whose harmonic is being described.
source
',5))]),s("p",null,[a[44]||(a[44]=i("When the full set of equations of motion is expanded using the harmonic ansatz, the result is stored as a ")),a[45]||(a[45]=s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation",-1)),a[46]||(a[46]=i(". 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julia
mutable struct HarmonicEquation
Holds a set of algebraic equations governing the harmonics of a DifferentialEquation.
Fields
  • equations::Vector{Equation}: A set of equations governing the harmonics.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: A set of variables describing the harmonics.
  • parameters::Vector{Num}: The parameters of the equation set.
  • natural_equation::DifferentialEquation: The natural equation (before the harmonic ansatz was used).
source
',5))])])}const G=T(r,[["render",A]]);export{S as __pageData,G as default};
+x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y
source
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julia
mutable struct HarmonicVariable
Holds a variable stored under symbol describing the harmonic ω of natural_variable.
Fields
  • symbol::Num: Symbol of the variable in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
  • name::String: Human-readable labels of the variable, used for plotting.
  • type::String: Type of the variable (u or v for quadratures, a for a constant, Hopf for Hopf etc.)
  • ω::Num: The harmonic being described.
  • natural_variable::Num: The natural variable whose harmonic is being described.
source
',5))]),s("p",null,[a[44]||(a[44]=i("When the full set of equations of motion is expanded using the harmonic ansatz, the result is stored as a ")),a[45]||(a[45]=s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation",-1)),a[46]||(a[46]=i(". For an initial equation of motion consisting of ")),s("mjx-container",v,[(n(),e("svg",L,a[36]||(a[36]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D440",d:"M289 629Q289 635 232 637Q208 637 201 638T194 648Q194 649 196 659Q197 662 198 666T199 671T201 676T203 679T207 681T212 683T220 683T232 684Q238 684 262 684T307 683Q386 683 398 683T414 678Q415 674 451 396L487 117L510 154Q534 190 574 254T662 394Q837 673 839 675Q840 676 842 678T846 681L852 683H948Q965 683 988 683T1017 684Q1051 684 1051 673Q1051 668 1048 656T1045 643Q1041 637 1008 637Q968 636 957 634T939 623Q936 618 867 340T797 59Q797 55 798 54T805 50T822 48T855 46H886Q892 37 892 35Q892 19 885 5Q880 0 869 0Q864 0 828 1T736 2Q675 2 644 2T609 1Q592 1 592 11Q592 13 594 25Q598 41 602 43T625 46Q652 46 685 49Q699 52 704 61Q706 65 742 207T813 490T848 631L654 322Q458 10 453 5Q451 4 449 3Q444 0 433 0Q418 0 415 7Q413 11 374 317L335 624L267 354Q200 88 200 79Q206 46 272 46H282Q288 41 289 37T286 19Q282 3 278 1Q274 0 267 0Q265 0 255 0T221 1T157 2Q127 2 95 1T58 0Q43 0 39 2T35 11Q35 13 38 25T43 40Q45 46 65 46Q135 46 154 86Q158 92 223 354T289 629Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[37]||(a[37]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"M")])],-1))]),a[47]||(a[47]=i(" variables, each expanded in ")),s("mjx-container",C,[(n(),e("svg",D,a[38]||(a[38]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D441",d:"M234 637Q231 637 226 637Q201 637 196 638T191 649Q191 676 202 682Q204 683 299 683Q376 683 387 683T401 677Q612 181 616 168L670 381Q723 592 723 606Q723 633 659 637Q635 637 635 648Q635 650 637 660Q641 676 643 679T653 683Q656 683 684 682T767 680Q817 680 843 681T873 682Q888 682 888 672Q888 650 880 642Q878 637 858 637Q787 633 769 597L620 7Q618 0 599 0Q585 0 582 2Q579 5 453 305L326 604L261 344Q196 88 196 79Q201 46 268 46H278Q284 41 284 38T282 19Q278 6 272 0H259Q228 2 151 2Q123 2 100 2T63 2T46 1Q31 1 31 10Q31 14 34 26T39 40Q41 46 62 46Q130 49 150 85Q154 91 221 362L289 634Q287 635 234 637Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[39]||(a[39]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"N")])],-1))]),a[48]||(a[48]=i(" harmonics, the resulting ")),a[49]||(a[49]=s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation",-1)),a[50]||(a[50]=i(" holds ")),s("mjx-container",M,[(n(),e("svg",j,a[40]||(a[40]=[t('',1)]))),a[41]||(a[41]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"N"),s("mi",null,"M")])],-1))]),a[51]||(a[51]=i(" equations of ")),s("mjx-container",B,[(n(),e("svg",Z,a[42]||(a[42]=[t('',1)]))),a[43]||(a[43]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"N"),s("mi",null,"M")])],-1))]),a[52]||(a[52]=i(" variables. Each symbol not corresponding to a variable is identified as a parameter."))]),a[58]||(a[58]=s("p",null,[i("A "),s("code",null,"HarmonicEquation"),i(" can be either parsed into a steady-state "),s("code",null,"Problem"),i(" or solved using a dynamical ODE solver.")],-1)),s("details",V,[s("summary",null,[a[53]||(a[53]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation",href:"#HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation")],-1)),a[54]||(a[54]=i()),o(l,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),a[55]||(a[55]=t('
julia
mutable struct HarmonicEquation
Holds a set of algebraic equations governing the harmonics of a DifferentialEquation.
Fields
  • equations::Vector{Equation}: A set of equations governing the harmonics.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: A set of variables describing the harmonics.
  • parameters::Vector{Num}: The parameters of the equation set.
  • natural_equation::DifferentialEquation: The natural equation (before the harmonic ansatz was used).
source
',5))])])}const G=T(r,[["render",A]]);export{S as __pageData,G as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.K1dOkrxg.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.BhEPPYJ1.js
similarity index 94%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.K1dOkrxg.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.BhEPPYJ1.js
index 4b40d999..e865da30 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.K1dOkrxg.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.BhEPPYJ1.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import{_ as r,c as o,a4 as i,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const B=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response (WIP)","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/linear_response.md","filePath":"manual/linear_response.md"}'),d={name:"manual/linear_response.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.027ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.319ex",height:"1.597ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 583 706","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.247ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2319 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.278ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2333 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},x={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(v,e,j,w,L,F){const t=p("Badge");return l(),o("div",null,[e[31]||(e[31]=i('
Linear response (WIP) ​
This module currently has two goals. One is calculating the first-order Jacobian, used to obtain stability and approximate (but inexpensive) the linear response of steady states. The other is calculating the full response matrix as a function of frequency; this is more accurate but more expensive.
The methodology used is explained in Jan Kosata phd thesis.
Stability ​
The Jacobian is used to evaluate stability of the solutions. It can be shown explicitly,
',5)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[2]||(e[2]=i('
julia
get_Jacobian(eom)
Obtain the symbolic Jacobian matrix of eom (either a HarmonicEquation or a DifferentialEquation). This is the linearised left-hand side of F(u) = du/dT.
source
Obtain a Jacobian from a DifferentialEquation by first converting it into a HarmonicEquation.
source
Get the Jacobian of a set of equations eqs with respect to the variables vars.
source
',7))]),e[32]||(e[32]=s("h2",{id:"Linear-response",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Linear response "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Linear-response","aria-label":'Permalink to "Linear response {#Linear-response}"'},"​")],-1)),e[33]||(e[33]=s("p",null,[a("The response to white noise can be shown with "),s("code",null,"plot_linear_response"),a(". Depending on the "),s("code",null,"order"),a(" argument, different methods are used.")],-1)),s("details",c,[s("summary",null,[e[3]||(e[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response")],-1)),e[4]||(e[4]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[5]||(e[5]=i('
julia
plot_linear_response(res::Result, nat_var::Num; Ω_range, branch::Int, order=1, logscale=false, show_progress=true, kwargs...)
Plot the linear response to white noise of the variable nat_var for Result res on branch for input frequencies Ω_range. Slow-time derivatives up to order are kept in the process.
Any kwargs are fed to Plots' gr().
Solutions not belonging to the physical class are ignored.
source
',5))]),e[34]||(e[34]=s("h3",{id:"First-order",tabindex:"-1"},[a("First order "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#First-order","aria-label":'Permalink to "First order {#First-order}"'},"​")],-1)),s("p",null,[e[12]||(e[12]=a("The simplest way to extract the linear response of a steady state is to evaluate the Jacobian of the harmonic equations. Each of its eigenvalues ")),s("mjx-container",k,[(l(),o("svg",m,e[6]||(e[6]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),e[13]||(e[13]=a(" describes a Lorentzian peak in the response; ")),s("mjx-container",g,[(l(),o("svg",u,e[8]||(e[8]=[i('',1)]))),e[9]||(e[9]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Re"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[14]||(e[14]=a(" gives its center and ")),s("mjx-container",b,[(l(),o("svg",y,e[10]||(e[10]=[i('',1)]))),e[11]||(e[11]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Im"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[15]||(e[15]=a(" its width. Transforming the harmonic variables into the non-rotating frame (that is, inverting the harmonic ansatz) then gives the response as it would be observed in an experiment."))]),e[35]||(e[35]=s("p",null,"The advantage of this method is that for a given parameter set, only one matrix diagonalization is needed to fully describe the response spectrum. However, the method is inaccurate for response frequencies far from the frequencies used in the harmonic ansatz (it relies on the response oscillating slowly in the rotating frame).",-1)),e[36]||(e[36]=s("p",null,[a("Behind the scenes, the spectra are stored using the dedicated structs "),s("code",null,"Lorentzian"),a(" and "),s("code",null,"JacobianSpectrum"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",T,[s("summary",null,[e[16]||(e[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum")],-1)),e[17]||(e[17]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[18]||(e[18]=i('
julia
mutable struct JacobianSpectrum
Holds a set of Lorentzian objects belonging to a variable.
Fields
  • peaks::Vector{HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian}
Constructor
julia
JacobianSpectrum(res::Result; index::Int, branch::Int)
source
',7))]),s("details",f,[s("summary",null,[e[19]||(e[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian")],-1)),e[20]||(e[20]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[21]||(e[21]=i('
julia
struct Lorentzian
Holds the three parameters of a Lorentzian peak, defined as A / sqrt((ω-ω0)² + Γ²).
Fields
  • ω0::Float64
  • Γ::Float64
  • A::Float64
source
',5))]),e[37]||(e[37]=s("h3",{id:"Higher-orders",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Higher orders "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Higher-orders","aria-label":'Permalink to "Higher orders {#Higher-orders}"'},"​")],-1)),e[38]||(e[38]=s("p",null,[a("Setting "),s("code",null,"order > 1"),a(" increases the accuracy of the response spectra. However, unlike for the Jacobian, here we must perform a matrix inversion for each response frequency.")],-1)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[e[22]||(e[22]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix")],-1)),e[23]||(e[23]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[24]||(e[24]=i('
julia
struct ResponseMatrix
Holds the compiled response matrix of a system.
Fields
  • matrix::Matrix{Function}: The response matrix (compiled).
  • symbols::Vector{Num}: Any symbolic variables in matrix to be substituted at evaluation.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: The frequencies of the harmonic variables underlying matrix. These are needed to transform the harmonic variables to the non-rotating frame.
source
',5))]),s("details",x,[s("summary",null,[e[25]||(e[25]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response")],-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[27]||(e[27]=i(`
julia
get_response(
+import{_ as r,c as o,a4 as i,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const B=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response (WIP)","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/linear_response.md","filePath":"manual/linear_response.md"}'),d={name:"manual/linear_response.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.027ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.319ex",height:"1.597ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 583 706","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.247ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2319 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.278ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2333 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},x={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(v,e,j,w,L,F){const t=p("Badge");return l(),o("div",null,[e[31]||(e[31]=i('
Linear response (WIP) ​
This module currently has two goals. One is calculating the first-order Jacobian, used to obtain stability and approximate (but inexpensive) the linear response of steady states. The other is calculating the full response matrix as a function of frequency; this is more accurate but more expensive.
The methodology used is explained in Jan Kosata phd thesis.
Stability ​
The Jacobian is used to evaluate stability of the solutions. It can be shown explicitly,
',5)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[2]||(e[2]=i('
julia
get_Jacobian(eom)
Obtain the symbolic Jacobian matrix of eom (either a HarmonicEquation or a DifferentialEquation). This is the linearised left-hand side of F(u) = du/dT.
source
Obtain a Jacobian from a DifferentialEquation by first converting it into a HarmonicEquation.
source
Get the Jacobian of a set of equations eqs with respect to the variables vars.
source
',7))]),e[32]||(e[32]=s("h2",{id:"Linear-response",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Linear response "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Linear-response","aria-label":'Permalink to "Linear response {#Linear-response}"'},"​")],-1)),e[33]||(e[33]=s("p",null,[a("The response to white noise can be shown with "),s("code",null,"plot_linear_response"),a(". Depending on the "),s("code",null,"order"),a(" argument, different methods are used.")],-1)),s("details",c,[s("summary",null,[e[3]||(e[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response")],-1)),e[4]||(e[4]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[5]||(e[5]=i('
julia
plot_linear_response(res::Result, nat_var::Num; Ω_range, branch::Int, order=1, logscale=false, show_progress=true, kwargs...)
Plot the linear response to white noise of the variable nat_var for Result res on branch for input frequencies Ω_range. Slow-time derivatives up to order are kept in the process.
Any kwargs are fed to Plots' gr().
Solutions not belonging to the physical class are ignored.
source
',5))]),e[34]||(e[34]=s("h3",{id:"First-order",tabindex:"-1"},[a("First order "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#First-order","aria-label":'Permalink to "First order {#First-order}"'},"​")],-1)),s("p",null,[e[12]||(e[12]=a("The simplest way to extract the linear response of a steady state is to evaluate the Jacobian of the harmonic equations. Each of its eigenvalues ")),s("mjx-container",k,[(l(),o("svg",m,e[6]||(e[6]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),e[13]||(e[13]=a(" describes a Lorentzian peak in the response; ")),s("mjx-container",g,[(l(),o("svg",u,e[8]||(e[8]=[i('',1)]))),e[9]||(e[9]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Re"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[14]||(e[14]=a(" gives its center and ")),s("mjx-container",b,[(l(),o("svg",y,e[10]||(e[10]=[i('',1)]))),e[11]||(e[11]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Im"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[15]||(e[15]=a(" its width. Transforming the harmonic variables into the non-rotating frame (that is, inverting the harmonic ansatz) then gives the response as it would be observed in an experiment."))]),e[35]||(e[35]=s("p",null,"The advantage of this method is that for a given parameter set, only one matrix diagonalization is needed to fully describe the response spectrum. However, the method is inaccurate for response frequencies far from the frequencies used in the harmonic ansatz (it relies on the response oscillating slowly in the rotating frame).",-1)),e[36]||(e[36]=s("p",null,[a("Behind the scenes, the spectra are stored using the dedicated structs "),s("code",null,"Lorentzian"),a(" and "),s("code",null,"JacobianSpectrum"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",f,[s("summary",null,[e[16]||(e[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum")],-1)),e[17]||(e[17]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[18]||(e[18]=i('
julia
mutable struct JacobianSpectrum
Holds a set of Lorentzian objects belonging to a variable.
Fields
  • peaks::Vector{HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian}
Constructor
julia
JacobianSpectrum(res::Result; index::Int, branch::Int)
source
',7))]),s("details",T,[s("summary",null,[e[19]||(e[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian")],-1)),e[20]||(e[20]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[21]||(e[21]=i('
julia
struct Lorentzian
Holds the three parameters of a Lorentzian peak, defined as A / sqrt((ω-ω0)² + Γ²).
Fields
  • ω0::Float64
  • Γ::Float64
  • A::Float64
source
',5))]),e[37]||(e[37]=s("h3",{id:"Higher-orders",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Higher orders "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Higher-orders","aria-label":'Permalink to "Higher orders {#Higher-orders}"'},"​")],-1)),e[38]||(e[38]=s("p",null,[a("Setting "),s("code",null,"order > 1"),a(" increases the accuracy of the response spectra. However, unlike for the Jacobian, here we must perform a matrix inversion for each response frequency.")],-1)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[e[22]||(e[22]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix")],-1)),e[23]||(e[23]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[24]||(e[24]=i('
julia
struct ResponseMatrix
Holds the compiled response matrix of a system.
Fields
  • matrix::Matrix{Function}: The response matrix (compiled).
  • symbols::Vector{Num}: Any symbolic variables in matrix to be substituted at evaluation.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: The frequencies of the harmonic variables underlying matrix. These are needed to transform the harmonic variables to the non-rotating frame.
source
',5))]),s("details",x,[s("summary",null,[e[25]||(e[25]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response")],-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[27]||(e[27]=i(`
julia
get_response(
     rmat::HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix,
     s::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     Ω
-) -> Any
For rmat and a solution dictionary s, calculate the total response to a perturbative force at frequency Ω.
source
`,3))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[e[28]||(e[28]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix")],-1)),e[29]||(e[29]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[30]||(e[30]=i('
julia
get_response_matrix(diff_eq::DifferentialEquation, freq::Num; order=2)
Obtain the symbolic linear response matrix of a diff_eq corresponding to a perturbation frequency freq. This routine cannot accept a HarmonicEquation since there, some time-derivatives are already dropped. order denotes the highest differential order to be considered.
source
',3))])])}const V=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{B as __pageData,V as default};
+) -> Any
For rmat and a solution dictionary s, calculate the total response to a perturbative force at frequency Ω.
source
`,3))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[e[28]||(e[28]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix")],-1)),e[29]||(e[29]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[30]||(e[30]=i('
julia
get_response_matrix(diff_eq::DifferentialEquation, freq::Num; order=2)
Obtain the symbolic linear response matrix of a diff_eq corresponding to a perturbation frequency freq. This routine cannot accept a HarmonicEquation since there, some time-derivatives are already dropped. order denotes the highest differential order to be considered.
source
',3))])])}const V=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{B as __pageData,V as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.K1dOkrxg.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.BhEPPYJ1.lean.js
similarity index 94%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.K1dOkrxg.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.BhEPPYJ1.lean.js
index 4b40d999..e865da30 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.K1dOkrxg.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_linear_response.md.BhEPPYJ1.lean.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import{_ as r,c as o,a4 as i,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const B=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response (WIP)","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/linear_response.md","filePath":"manual/linear_response.md"}'),d={name:"manual/linear_response.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.027ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.319ex",height:"1.597ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 583 706","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.247ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2319 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.278ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2333 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},x={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(v,e,j,w,L,F){const t=p("Badge");return l(),o("div",null,[e[31]||(e[31]=i('
Linear response (WIP) ​
This module currently has two goals. One is calculating the first-order Jacobian, used to obtain stability and approximate (but inexpensive) the linear response of steady states. The other is calculating the full response matrix as a function of frequency; this is more accurate but more expensive.
The methodology used is explained in Jan Kosata phd thesis.
Stability ​
The Jacobian is used to evaluate stability of the solutions. It can be shown explicitly,
',5)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[2]||(e[2]=i('
julia
get_Jacobian(eom)
Obtain the symbolic Jacobian matrix of eom (either a HarmonicEquation or a DifferentialEquation). This is the linearised left-hand side of F(u) = du/dT.
source
Obtain a Jacobian from a DifferentialEquation by first converting it into a HarmonicEquation.
source
Get the Jacobian of a set of equations eqs with respect to the variables vars.
source
',7))]),e[32]||(e[32]=s("h2",{id:"Linear-response",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Linear response "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Linear-response","aria-label":'Permalink to "Linear response {#Linear-response}"'},"​")],-1)),e[33]||(e[33]=s("p",null,[a("The response to white noise can be shown with "),s("code",null,"plot_linear_response"),a(". Depending on the "),s("code",null,"order"),a(" argument, different methods are used.")],-1)),s("details",c,[s("summary",null,[e[3]||(e[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response")],-1)),e[4]||(e[4]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[5]||(e[5]=i('
julia
plot_linear_response(res::Result, nat_var::Num; Ω_range, branch::Int, order=1, logscale=false, show_progress=true, kwargs...)
Plot the linear response to white noise of the variable nat_var for Result res on branch for input frequencies Ω_range. Slow-time derivatives up to order are kept in the process.
Any kwargs are fed to Plots' gr().
Solutions not belonging to the physical class are ignored.
source
',5))]),e[34]||(e[34]=s("h3",{id:"First-order",tabindex:"-1"},[a("First order "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#First-order","aria-label":'Permalink to "First order {#First-order}"'},"​")],-1)),s("p",null,[e[12]||(e[12]=a("The simplest way to extract the linear response of a steady state is to evaluate the Jacobian of the harmonic equations. Each of its eigenvalues ")),s("mjx-container",k,[(l(),o("svg",m,e[6]||(e[6]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),e[13]||(e[13]=a(" describes a Lorentzian peak in the response; ")),s("mjx-container",g,[(l(),o("svg",u,e[8]||(e[8]=[i('',1)]))),e[9]||(e[9]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Re"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[14]||(e[14]=a(" gives its center and ")),s("mjx-container",b,[(l(),o("svg",y,e[10]||(e[10]=[i('',1)]))),e[11]||(e[11]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Im"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[15]||(e[15]=a(" its width. Transforming the harmonic variables into the non-rotating frame (that is, inverting the harmonic ansatz) then gives the response as it would be observed in an experiment."))]),e[35]||(e[35]=s("p",null,"The advantage of this method is that for a given parameter set, only one matrix diagonalization is needed to fully describe the response spectrum. However, the method is inaccurate for response frequencies far from the frequencies used in the harmonic ansatz (it relies on the response oscillating slowly in the rotating frame).",-1)),e[36]||(e[36]=s("p",null,[a("Behind the scenes, the spectra are stored using the dedicated structs "),s("code",null,"Lorentzian"),a(" and "),s("code",null,"JacobianSpectrum"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",T,[s("summary",null,[e[16]||(e[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum")],-1)),e[17]||(e[17]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[18]||(e[18]=i('
julia
mutable struct JacobianSpectrum
Holds a set of Lorentzian objects belonging to a variable.
Fields
  • peaks::Vector{HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian}
Constructor
julia
JacobianSpectrum(res::Result; index::Int, branch::Int)
source
',7))]),s("details",f,[s("summary",null,[e[19]||(e[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian")],-1)),e[20]||(e[20]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[21]||(e[21]=i('
julia
struct Lorentzian
Holds the three parameters of a Lorentzian peak, defined as A / sqrt((ω-ω0)² + Γ²).
Fields
  • ω0::Float64
  • Γ::Float64
  • A::Float64
source
',5))]),e[37]||(e[37]=s("h3",{id:"Higher-orders",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Higher orders "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Higher-orders","aria-label":'Permalink to "Higher orders {#Higher-orders}"'},"​")],-1)),e[38]||(e[38]=s("p",null,[a("Setting "),s("code",null,"order > 1"),a(" increases the accuracy of the response spectra. However, unlike for the Jacobian, here we must perform a matrix inversion for each response frequency.")],-1)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[e[22]||(e[22]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix")],-1)),e[23]||(e[23]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[24]||(e[24]=i('
julia
struct ResponseMatrix
Holds the compiled response matrix of a system.
Fields
  • matrix::Matrix{Function}: The response matrix (compiled).
  • symbols::Vector{Num}: Any symbolic variables in matrix to be substituted at evaluation.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: The frequencies of the harmonic variables underlying matrix. These are needed to transform the harmonic variables to the non-rotating frame.
source
',5))]),s("details",x,[s("summary",null,[e[25]||(e[25]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response")],-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[27]||(e[27]=i(`
julia
get_response(
+import{_ as r,c as o,a4 as i,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const B=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response (WIP)","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/linear_response.md","filePath":"manual/linear_response.md"}'),d={name:"manual/linear_response.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.027ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.319ex",height:"1.597ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 583 706","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.247ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2319 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},y={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"5.278ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 2333 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},x={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(v,e,j,w,L,F){const t=p("Badge");return l(),o("div",null,[e[31]||(e[31]=i('
Linear response (WIP) ​
This module currently has two goals. One is calculating the first-order Jacobian, used to obtain stability and approximate (but inexpensive) the linear response of steady states. The other is calculating the full response matrix as a function of frequency; this is more accurate but more expensive.
The methodology used is explained in Jan Kosata phd thesis.
Stability ​
The Jacobian is used to evaluate stability of the solutions. It can be shown explicitly,
',5)),s("details",h,[s("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[2]||(e[2]=i('
julia
get_Jacobian(eom)
Obtain the symbolic Jacobian matrix of eom (either a HarmonicEquation or a DifferentialEquation). This is the linearised left-hand side of F(u) = du/dT.
source
Obtain a Jacobian from a DifferentialEquation by first converting it into a HarmonicEquation.
source
Get the Jacobian of a set of equations eqs with respect to the variables vars.
source
',7))]),e[32]||(e[32]=s("h2",{id:"Linear-response",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Linear response "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Linear-response","aria-label":'Permalink to "Linear response {#Linear-response}"'},"​")],-1)),e[33]||(e[33]=s("p",null,[a("The response to white noise can be shown with "),s("code",null,"plot_linear_response"),a(". Depending on the "),s("code",null,"order"),a(" argument, different methods are used.")],-1)),s("details",c,[s("summary",null,[e[3]||(e[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response")],-1)),e[4]||(e[4]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[5]||(e[5]=i('
julia
plot_linear_response(res::Result, nat_var::Num; Ω_range, branch::Int, order=1, logscale=false, show_progress=true, kwargs...)
Plot the linear response to white noise of the variable nat_var for Result res on branch for input frequencies Ω_range. Slow-time derivatives up to order are kept in the process.
Any kwargs are fed to Plots' gr().
Solutions not belonging to the physical class are ignored.
source
',5))]),e[34]||(e[34]=s("h3",{id:"First-order",tabindex:"-1"},[a("First order "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#First-order","aria-label":'Permalink to "First order {#First-order}"'},"​")],-1)),s("p",null,[e[12]||(e[12]=a("The simplest way to extract the linear response of a steady state is to evaluate the Jacobian of the harmonic equations. Each of its eigenvalues ")),s("mjx-container",k,[(l(),o("svg",m,e[6]||(e[6]=[s("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[s("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[s("path",{"data-c":"1D706",d:"M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mi",null,"λ")])],-1))]),e[13]||(e[13]=a(" describes a Lorentzian peak in the response; ")),s("mjx-container",g,[(l(),o("svg",u,e[8]||(e[8]=[i('',1)]))),e[9]||(e[9]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Re"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[14]||(e[14]=a(" gives its center and ")),s("mjx-container",b,[(l(),o("svg",y,e[10]||(e[10]=[i('',1)]))),e[11]||(e[11]=s("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("mtext",null,"Im"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")])],-1))]),e[15]||(e[15]=a(" its width. Transforming the harmonic variables into the non-rotating frame (that is, inverting the harmonic ansatz) then gives the response as it would be observed in an experiment."))]),e[35]||(e[35]=s("p",null,"The advantage of this method is that for a given parameter set, only one matrix diagonalization is needed to fully describe the response spectrum. However, the method is inaccurate for response frequencies far from the frequencies used in the harmonic ansatz (it relies on the response oscillating slowly in the rotating frame).",-1)),e[36]||(e[36]=s("p",null,[a("Behind the scenes, the spectra are stored using the dedicated structs "),s("code",null,"Lorentzian"),a(" and "),s("code",null,"JacobianSpectrum"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",f,[s("summary",null,[e[16]||(e[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum")],-1)),e[17]||(e[17]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[18]||(e[18]=i('
julia
mutable struct JacobianSpectrum
Holds a set of Lorentzian objects belonging to a variable.
Fields
  • peaks::Vector{HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian}
Constructor
julia
JacobianSpectrum(res::Result; index::Int, branch::Int)
source
',7))]),s("details",T,[s("summary",null,[e[19]||(e[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian")],-1)),e[20]||(e[20]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[21]||(e[21]=i('
julia
struct Lorentzian
Holds the three parameters of a Lorentzian peak, defined as A / sqrt((ω-ω0)² + Γ²).
Fields
  • ω0::Float64
  • Γ::Float64
  • A::Float64
source
',5))]),e[37]||(e[37]=s("h3",{id:"Higher-orders",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Higher orders "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Higher-orders","aria-label":'Permalink to "Higher orders {#Higher-orders}"'},"​")],-1)),e[38]||(e[38]=s("p",null,[a("Setting "),s("code",null,"order > 1"),a(" increases the accuracy of the response spectra. However, unlike for the Jacobian, here we must perform a matrix inversion for each response frequency.")],-1)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[e[22]||(e[22]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix")],-1)),e[23]||(e[23]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[24]||(e[24]=i('
julia
struct ResponseMatrix
Holds the compiled response matrix of a system.
Fields
  • matrix::Matrix{Function}: The response matrix (compiled).
  • symbols::Vector{Num}: Any symbolic variables in matrix to be substituted at evaluation.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: The frequencies of the harmonic variables underlying matrix. These are needed to transform the harmonic variables to the non-rotating frame.
source
',5))]),s("details",x,[s("summary",null,[e[25]||(e[25]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response")],-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[27]||(e[27]=i(`
julia
get_response(
     rmat::HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix,
     s::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     Ω
-) -> Any
For rmat and a solution dictionary s, calculate the total response to a perturbative force at frequency Ω.
source
`,3))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[e[28]||(e[28]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix")],-1)),e[29]||(e[29]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[30]||(e[30]=i('
julia
get_response_matrix(diff_eq::DifferentialEquation, freq::Num; order=2)
Obtain the symbolic linear response matrix of a diff_eq corresponding to a perturbation frequency freq. This routine cannot accept a HarmonicEquation since there, some time-derivatives are already dropped. order denotes the highest differential order to be considered.
source
',3))])])}const V=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{B as __pageData,V as default};
+) -> Any
For rmat and a solution dictionary s, calculate the total response to a perturbative force at frequency Ω.
source
`,3))]),s("details",E,[s("summary",null,[e[28]||(e[28]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix",href:"#HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix")],-1)),e[29]||(e[29]=a()),n(t,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[30]||(e[30]=i('
julia
get_response_matrix(diff_eq::DifferentialEquation, freq::Num; order=2)
Obtain the symbolic linear response matrix of a diff_eq corresponding to a perturbation frequency freq. This routine cannot accept a HarmonicEquation since there, some time-derivatives are already dropped. order denotes the highest differential order to be considered.
source
',3))])])}const V=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{B as __pageData,V as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.-11YqXIu.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.-11YqXIu.js
deleted file mode 100644
index abbe9330..00000000
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.-11YqXIu.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-import{_ as r,c as l,j as t,a as o,G as i,a4 as a,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const v=JSON.parse('{"title":"Methods","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/methods.md","filePath":"manual/methods.md"}'),d={name:"manual/methods.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},p={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"30.769ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 13600.1 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},h={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"10.349ex",height:"2.384ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -853.7 4574.1 1053.7","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.534ex",height:"2.149ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1120 950","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(b,e,x,w,k,M){const s=Q("Badge");return n(),l("div",null,[e[24]||(e[24]=t("h1",{id:"methods",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Methods "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#methods","aria-label":'Permalink to "Methods"'},"​")],-1)),e[25]||(e[25]=t("p",null,"We offer several methods for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the harmonic balance procedure. Each method has different tradeoffs between speed, robustness, and completeness.",-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=t("h2",{id:"Total-Degree-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Total Degree Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Total-Degree-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Total Degree Method {#Total-Degree-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",T,[t("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree",href:"#HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=o()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[16]||(e[16]=a('
julia
TotalDegree
',1)),t("p",null,[e[8]||(e[8]=o("The Total Degree homotopy method. Performs a homotopy ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(n(),l("svg",p,e[2]||(e[2]=[a('',1)]))),e[3]||(e[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"H"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,","),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mi",null,"G"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mo",null,"−"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mi",null,"F"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),e[9]||(e[9]=o(" from the trivial polynomial system ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(n(),l("svg",c,e[4]||(e[4]=[a('ᵢᵢᵢ',1)]))),e[5]||(e[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("msup",null,[t("mi",null,"ᵢ"),t("mi",null,"d")]),t("mi",null,"ᵢ"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"a"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[10]||(e[10]=o(" with the maximal degree ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(n(),l("svg",u,e[6]||(e[6]=[a('ᵢ',1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[11]||(e[11]=o(" determined by the ")),e[12]||(e[12]=t("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s_theorem",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Bezout bound",-1)),e[13]||(e[13]=o(". The method guarantees to find all solutions, however, it comes with a high computational cost. See ")),e[14]||(e[14]=t("a",{href:"https://www.juliahomotopycontinuation.org/guides/totaldegree/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"HomotopyContinuation.jl",-1)),e[15]||(e[15]=o(" for more information."))]),e[17]||(e[17]=a('
Fields
  • gamma::Complex: Complex multiplying factor of the start system G(x) for the homotopy
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',3))]),e[27]||(e[27]=t("h2",{id:"Polyhedral-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Polyhedral Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Polyhedral-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Polyhedral Method {#Polyhedral-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",f,[t("summary",null,[e[18]||(e[18]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral")],-1)),e[19]||(e[19]=o()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[20]||(e[20]=a('
julia
Polyhedral
The Polyhedral homotopy method. This method constructs a homotopy based on the polyhedral structure of the polynomial system. It is more efficient than the Total Degree method for sparse systems, meaning most of the coefficients are zero. It can be especially useful if you don't need to find the zero solutions (only_non_zero = true), resulting in speed up. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • only_non_zero::Bool: Boolean indicating if only non-zero solutions are considered.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))]),e[28]||(e[28]=t("h2",{id:"Warm-Up-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Warm Up Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Warm-Up-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Warm Up Method {#Warm-Up-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",y,[t("summary",null,[e[21]||(e[21]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp",href:"#HarmonicBalance.WarmUp"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp")],-1)),e[22]||(e[22]=o()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[23]||(e[23]=a('
julia
WarmUp
The Warm Up method. This method prepares a warmup system using the parameter at index perturbed by perturbation_size and performs a homotopy using the warmup system to all other systems in the parameter sweep. It is very efficient for systems with less bifurcation in the parameter sweep. The Warm Up method does not guarantee to find all solutions. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • perturbation_size::ComplexF64: Size of the perturbation.
  • index::Union{Int64, EndpointRanges.Endpoint}: Index for the endpoint.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))])])}const j=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{v as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.-11YqXIu.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.-11YqXIu.lean.js
deleted file mode 100644
index abbe9330..00000000
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.-11YqXIu.lean.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-import{_ as r,c as l,j as t,a as o,G as i,a4 as a,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const v=JSON.parse('{"title":"Methods","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/methods.md","filePath":"manual/methods.md"}'),d={name:"manual/methods.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},p={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"30.769ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 13600.1 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},h={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"10.349ex",height:"2.384ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -853.7 4574.1 1053.7","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.534ex",height:"2.149ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1120 950","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(b,e,x,w,k,M){const s=Q("Badge");return n(),l("div",null,[e[24]||(e[24]=t("h1",{id:"methods",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Methods "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#methods","aria-label":'Permalink to "Methods"'},"​")],-1)),e[25]||(e[25]=t("p",null,"We offer several methods for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the harmonic balance procedure. Each method has different tradeoffs between speed, robustness, and completeness.",-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=t("h2",{id:"Total-Degree-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Total Degree Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Total-Degree-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Total Degree Method {#Total-Degree-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",T,[t("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree",href:"#HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=o()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[16]||(e[16]=a('
julia
TotalDegree
',1)),t("p",null,[e[8]||(e[8]=o("The Total Degree homotopy method. Performs a homotopy ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(n(),l("svg",p,e[2]||(e[2]=[a('',1)]))),e[3]||(e[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"H"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,","),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mi",null,"G"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mo",null,"−"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mi",null,"F"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),e[9]||(e[9]=o(" from the trivial polynomial system ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(n(),l("svg",c,e[4]||(e[4]=[a('ᵢᵢᵢ',1)]))),e[5]||(e[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("msup",null,[t("mi",null,"ᵢ"),t("mi",null,"d")]),t("mi",null,"ᵢ"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"a"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[10]||(e[10]=o(" with the maximal degree ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(n(),l("svg",u,e[6]||(e[6]=[a('ᵢ',1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[11]||(e[11]=o(" determined by the ")),e[12]||(e[12]=t("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s_theorem",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Bezout bound",-1)),e[13]||(e[13]=o(". The method guarantees to find all solutions, however, it comes with a high computational cost. See ")),e[14]||(e[14]=t("a",{href:"https://www.juliahomotopycontinuation.org/guides/totaldegree/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"HomotopyContinuation.jl",-1)),e[15]||(e[15]=o(" for more information."))]),e[17]||(e[17]=a('
Fields
  • gamma::Complex: Complex multiplying factor of the start system G(x) for the homotopy
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',3))]),e[27]||(e[27]=t("h2",{id:"Polyhedral-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Polyhedral Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Polyhedral-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Polyhedral Method {#Polyhedral-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",f,[t("summary",null,[e[18]||(e[18]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral")],-1)),e[19]||(e[19]=o()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[20]||(e[20]=a('
julia
Polyhedral
The Polyhedral homotopy method. This method constructs a homotopy based on the polyhedral structure of the polynomial system. It is more efficient than the Total Degree method for sparse systems, meaning most of the coefficients are zero. It can be especially useful if you don't need to find the zero solutions (only_non_zero = true), resulting in speed up. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • only_non_zero::Bool: Boolean indicating if only non-zero solutions are considered.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))]),e[28]||(e[28]=t("h2",{id:"Warm-Up-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Warm Up Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Warm-Up-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Warm Up Method {#Warm-Up-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",y,[t("summary",null,[e[21]||(e[21]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp",href:"#HarmonicBalance.WarmUp"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp")],-1)),e[22]||(e[22]=o()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[23]||(e[23]=a('
julia
WarmUp
The Warm Up method. This method prepares a warmup system using the parameter at index perturbed by perturbation_size and performs a homotopy using the warmup system to all other systems in the parameter sweep. It is very efficient for systems with less bifurcation in the parameter sweep. The Warm Up method does not guarantee to find all solutions. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • perturbation_size::ComplexF64: Size of the perturbation.
  • index::Union{Int64, EndpointRanges.Endpoint}: Index for the endpoint.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))])])}const j=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{v as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.L1WbxNUV.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.L1WbxNUV.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b9ffff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.L1WbxNUV.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as r,c as l,j as t,a,G as i,a4 as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const v=JSON.parse('{"title":"Methods","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/methods.md","filePath":"manual/methods.md"}'),d={name:"manual/methods.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},p={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"30.769ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 13600.1 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},h={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"9.951ex",height:"2.474ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -893.3 4398.4 1093.3","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.534ex",height:"2.149ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1120 950","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(x,e,b,w,k,M){const s=Q("Badge");return n(),l("div",null,[e[24]||(e[24]=t("h1",{id:"methods",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Methods "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#methods","aria-label":'Permalink to "Methods"'},"​")],-1)),e[25]||(e[25]=t("p",null,"We offer several methods for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the harmonic balance procedure. Each method has different tradeoffs between speed, robustness, and completeness.",-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=t("h2",{id:"Total-Degree-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Total Degree Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Total-Degree-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Total Degree Method {#Total-Degree-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",T,[t("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree",href:"#HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=a()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[16]||(e[16]=o('
julia
TotalDegree
',1)),t("p",null,[e[8]||(e[8]=a("The Total Degree homotopy method. Performs a homotopy ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(n(),l("svg",p,e[2]||(e[2]=[o('',1)]))),e[3]||(e[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"H"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,","),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mi",null,"G"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mo",null,"−"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mi",null,"F"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),e[9]||(e[9]=a(" from the trivial polynomial system ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(n(),l("svg",c,e[4]||(e[4]=[o('ᵢᵢᵢ',1)]))),e[5]||(e[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("msup",null,[t("mi",null,"ᵢ"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"a"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[10]||(e[10]=a(" with the maximal degree ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(n(),l("svg",u,e[6]||(e[6]=[o('ᵢ',1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[11]||(e[11]=a(" determined by the ")),e[12]||(e[12]=t("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s_theorem",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Bezout bound",-1)),e[13]||(e[13]=a(". The method guarantees to find all solutions, however, it comes with a high computational cost. See ")),e[14]||(e[14]=t("a",{href:"https://www.juliahomotopycontinuation.org/guides/totaldegree/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"HomotopyContinuation.jl",-1)),e[15]||(e[15]=a(" for more information."))]),e[17]||(e[17]=o('
Fields
  • gamma::Complex: Complex multiplying factor of the start system G(x) for the homotopy
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',3))]),e[27]||(e[27]=t("h2",{id:"Polyhedral-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Polyhedral Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Polyhedral-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Polyhedral Method {#Polyhedral-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",f,[t("summary",null,[e[18]||(e[18]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral")],-1)),e[19]||(e[19]=a()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[20]||(e[20]=o('
julia
Polyhedral
The Polyhedral homotopy method. This method constructs a homotopy based on the polyhedral structure of the polynomial system. It is more efficient than the Total Degree method for sparse systems, meaning most of the coefficients are zero. It can be especially useful if you don't need to find the zero solutions (only_non_zero = true), resulting in speed up. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • only_non_zero::Bool: Boolean indicating if only non-zero solutions are considered.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))]),e[28]||(e[28]=t("h2",{id:"Warm-Up-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Warm Up Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Warm-Up-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Warm Up Method {#Warm-Up-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",y,[t("summary",null,[e[21]||(e[21]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp",href:"#HarmonicBalance.WarmUp"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp")],-1)),e[22]||(e[22]=a()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[23]||(e[23]=o('
julia
WarmUp
The Warm Up method. This method prepares a warmup system using the parameter at index perturbed by perturbation_size and performs a homotopy using the warmup system to all other systems in the parameter sweep. It is very efficient for systems with less bifurcation in the parameter sweep. The Warm Up method does not guarantee to find all solutions. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • perturbation_size::ComplexF64: Size of the perturbation.
  • index::Union{Int64, EndpointRanges.Endpoint}: Index for the endpoint.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))])])}const j=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{v as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.L1WbxNUV.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.L1WbxNUV.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b9ffff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_methods.md.L1WbxNUV.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as r,c as l,j as t,a,G as i,a4 as o,B as Q,o as n}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const v=JSON.parse('{"title":"Methods","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/methods.md","filePath":"manual/methods.md"}'),d={name:"manual/methods.md"},T={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},p={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"30.769ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 13600.1 1000","aria-hidden":"true"},h={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"9.951ex",height:"2.474ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -893.3 4398.4 1093.3","aria-hidden":"true"},g={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},u={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.452ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.534ex",height:"2.149ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1120 950","aria-hidden":"true"},f={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function H(x,e,b,w,k,M){const s=Q("Badge");return n(),l("div",null,[e[24]||(e[24]=t("h1",{id:"methods",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Methods "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#methods","aria-label":'Permalink to "Methods"'},"​")],-1)),e[25]||(e[25]=t("p",null,"We offer several methods for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the harmonic balance procedure. Each method has different tradeoffs between speed, robustness, and completeness.",-1)),e[26]||(e[26]=t("h2",{id:"Total-Degree-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Total Degree Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Total-Degree-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Total Degree Method {#Total-Degree-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",T,[t("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree",href:"#HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=a()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[16]||(e[16]=o('
julia
TotalDegree
',1)),t("p",null,[e[8]||(e[8]=a("The Total Degree homotopy method. Performs a homotopy ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(n(),l("svg",p,e[2]||(e[2]=[o('',1)]))),e[3]||(e[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"H"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,","),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mi",null,"G"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mo",null,"−"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mi",null,"F"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),e[9]||(e[9]=a(" from the trivial polynomial system ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(n(),l("svg",c,e[4]||(e[4]=[o('ᵢᵢᵢ',1)]))),e[5]||(e[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("msup",null,[t("mi",null,"ᵢ"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"a"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[10]||(e[10]=a(" with the maximal degree ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(n(),l("svg",u,e[6]||(e[6]=[o('ᵢ',1)]))),e[7]||(e[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"ᵢ")])],-1))]),e[11]||(e[11]=a(" determined by the ")),e[12]||(e[12]=t("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s_theorem",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Bezout bound",-1)),e[13]||(e[13]=a(". The method guarantees to find all solutions, however, it comes with a high computational cost. See ")),e[14]||(e[14]=t("a",{href:"https://www.juliahomotopycontinuation.org/guides/totaldegree/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"HomotopyContinuation.jl",-1)),e[15]||(e[15]=a(" for more information."))]),e[17]||(e[17]=o('
Fields
  • gamma::Complex: Complex multiplying factor of the start system G(x) for the homotopy
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',3))]),e[27]||(e[27]=t("h2",{id:"Polyhedral-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Polyhedral Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Polyhedral-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Polyhedral Method {#Polyhedral-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",f,[t("summary",null,[e[18]||(e[18]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral")],-1)),e[19]||(e[19]=a()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[20]||(e[20]=o('
julia
Polyhedral
The Polyhedral homotopy method. This method constructs a homotopy based on the polyhedral structure of the polynomial system. It is more efficient than the Total Degree method for sparse systems, meaning most of the coefficients are zero. It can be especially useful if you don't need to find the zero solutions (only_non_zero = true), resulting in speed up. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • only_non_zero::Bool: Boolean indicating if only non-zero solutions are considered.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))]),e[28]||(e[28]=t("h2",{id:"Warm-Up-Method",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Warm Up Method "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Warm-Up-Method","aria-label":'Permalink to "Warm Up Method {#Warm-Up-Method}"'},"​")],-1)),t("details",y,[t("summary",null,[e[21]||(e[21]=t("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp",href:"#HarmonicBalance.WarmUp"},[t("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.WarmUp")],-1)),e[22]||(e[22]=a()),i(s,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),e[23]||(e[23]=o('
julia
WarmUp
The Warm Up method. This method prepares a warmup system using the parameter at index perturbed by perturbation_size and performs a homotopy using the warmup system to all other systems in the parameter sweep. It is very efficient for systems with less bifurcation in the parameter sweep. The Warm Up method does not guarantee to find all solutions. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.
Fields
  • perturbation_size::ComplexF64: Size of the perturbation.
  • index::Union{Int64, EndpointRanges.Endpoint}: Index for the endpoint.
  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.
  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.
  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.
  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.
  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.
source
',5))])])}const j=r(d,[["render",H]]);export{v as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.B3Zx1lZ_.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.Vb914Xtl.js
similarity index 92%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.B3Zx1lZ_.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.Vb914Xtl.js
index eeeca757..9b66e86d 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.B3Zx1lZ_.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.Vb914Xtl.js
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-import{_ as l,c as o,j as a,a as t,G as e,a4 as n,B as p,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Analysis and plotting","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/plotting.md","filePath":"manual/plotting.md"}'),d={name:"manual/plotting.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function u(b,s,y,m,E,f){const i=p("Badge");return r(),o("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=a("h1",{id:"Analysis-and-plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Analysis and plotting "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Analysis-and-plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Analysis and plotting {#Analysis-and-plotting}"'},"​")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=a("p",null,[t("The key method for visualization is "),a("code",null,"transform_solutions"),t(", which parses a string into a symbolic expression and evaluates it for every steady state solution.")],-1)),a("details",h,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=n(`
julia
transform_solutions(
+import{_ as l,c as o,j as a,a as t,G as n,a4 as e,B as p,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Analysis and plotting","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/plotting.md","filePath":"manual/plotting.md"}'),d={name:"manual/plotting.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function u(y,s,b,m,E,f){const i=p("Badge");return r(),o("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=a("h1",{id:"Analysis-and-plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Analysis and plotting "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Analysis-and-plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Analysis and plotting {#Analysis-and-plotting}"'},"​")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=a("p",null,[t("The key method for visualization is "),a("code",null,"transform_solutions"),t(", which parses a string into a symbolic expression and evaluates it for every steady state solution.")],-1)),a("details",h,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
transform_solutions(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     func;
     branches,
     realify
-) -> Vector
Takes a Result object and a string f representing a Symbolics.jl expression. Returns an array with the values of f evaluated for the respective solutions. Additional substitution rules can be specified in rules in the format ("a" => val) or (a => val)
source
`,3))]),s[14]||(s[14]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting solutions "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting solutions {#Plotting-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=a("p",null,[t("The function "),a("code",null,"plot"),t(" is multiple-dispatched to plot 1D and 2D datasets. In 1D, the solutions are colour-coded according to the branches obtained by "),a("code",null,"sort_solutions"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",c,[a("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=n(`
julia
plot(
+) -> Vector
Takes a Result object and a string f representing a Symbolics.jl expression. Returns an array with the values of f evaluated for the respective solutions. Additional substitution rules can be specified in rules in the format ("a" => val) or (a => val)
source
`,3))]),s[14]||(s[14]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting solutions "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting solutions {#Plotting-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=a("p",null,[t("The function "),a("code",null,"plot"),t(" is multiple-dispatched to plot 1D and 2D datasets. In 1D, the solutions are colour-coded according to the branches obtained by "),a("code",null,"sort_solutions"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",c,[a("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=e(`
julia
plot(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     varargs...;
     cut,
     kwargs...
 ) -> Plots.Plot
Plot a Result object.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class       :   only plot solutions in this class(es) ("all" --> plot everything)
 not_class   :   do not plot solutions in this class(es)
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr().
See also plot!
The x,y,z arguments are Strings compatible with Symbolics.jl, e.g., y=2*sqrt(u1^2+v1^2) plots the amplitude of the first quadratures multiplied by 2.
1D plots
plot(res::Result; x::String, y::String, class="default", not_class=[], kwargs...)
-plot(res::Result, y::String; kwargs...) # take x automatically from Result
Default behaviour is to plot stable solutions as full lines, unstable as dashed.
If a sweep in two parameters were done, i.e., dim(res)==2, a one dimensional cut can be plotted by using the keyword cut were it takes a Pair{Num, Float64} type entry. For example, plot(res, y="sqrt(u1^2+v1^2), cut=(λ => 0.2)) plots a cut at λ = 0.2.
2D plots
plot(res::Result; z::String, branch::Int64, class="physical", not_class=[], kwargs...)
To make the 2d plot less chaotic it is required to specify the specific branch to plot, labeled by a Int64.
The x and y axes are taken automatically from res
source
`,17))]),s[16]||(s[16]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-phase-diagrams",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting phase diagrams "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-phase-diagrams","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting phase diagrams {#Plotting-phase-diagrams}"'},"​")],-1)),s[17]||(s[17]=a("p",null,[t("In many problems, rather than in any property of the solutions themselves, we are interested in the phase diagrams, encoding the number of (stable) solutions in different regions of the parameter space. "),a("code",null,"plot_phase_diagram"),t(" handles this for 1D and 2D datasets.")],-1)),a("details",g,[a("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=n(`
julia
plot_phase_diagram(
+plot(res::Result, y::String; kwargs...) # take x automatically from Result
Default behaviour is to plot stable solutions as full lines, unstable as dashed.
If a sweep in two parameters were done, i.e., dim(res)==2, a one dimensional cut can be plotted by using the keyword cut were it takes a Pair{Num, Float64} type entry. For example, plot(res, y="sqrt(u1^2+v1^2), cut=(λ => 0.2)) plots a cut at λ = 0.2.
2D plots
plot(res::Result; z::String, branch::Int64, class="physical", not_class=[], kwargs...)
To make the 2d plot less chaotic it is required to specify the specific branch to plot, labeled by a Int64.
The x and y axes are taken automatically from res
source
`,17))]),s[16]||(s[16]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-phase-diagrams",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting phase diagrams "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-phase-diagrams","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting phase diagrams {#Plotting-phase-diagrams}"'},"​")],-1)),s[17]||(s[17]=a("p",null,[t("In many problems, rather than in any property of the solutions themselves, we are interested in the phase diagrams, encoding the number of (stable) solutions in different regions of the parameter space. "),a("code",null,"plot_phase_diagram"),t(" handles this for 1D and 2D datasets.")],-1)),a("details",g,[a("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=e(`
julia
plot_phase_diagram(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result;
     kwargs...
 ) -> Plots.Plot
Plot the number of solutions in a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
-not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))]),s[18]||(s[18]=a("h2",{id:"Plot-spaghetti-plot",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plot spaghetti plot "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plot-spaghetti-plot","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plot spaghetti plot {#Plot-spaghetti-plot}"'},"​")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=a("p",null,[t("Sometimes, it is useful to plot the quadratures of the steady states (u, v) in function of a swept parameter. This is done with "),a("code",null,"plot_spaghetti"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",k,[a("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=n(`
julia
plot_spaghetti(res::Result; x, y, z, kwargs...)
Plot a three dimension line plot of a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
-not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))])])}const C=l(d,[["render",u]]);export{j as __pageData,C as default};
+not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))]),s[18]||(s[18]=a("h2",{id:"Plot-spaghetti-plot",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plot spaghetti plot "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plot-spaghetti-plot","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plot spaghetti plot {#Plot-spaghetti-plot}"'},"​")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=a("p",null,[t("Sometimes, it is useful to plot the quadratures of the steady states (u, v) in function of a swept parameter. This is done with "),a("code",null,"plot_spaghetti"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",k,[a("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=e(`
julia
plot_spaghetti(res::Result; x, y, z, kwargs...)
Plot a three dimension line plot of a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
+not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))])])}const C=l(d,[["render",u]]);export{j as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.B3Zx1lZ_.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.Vb914Xtl.lean.js
similarity index 92%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.B3Zx1lZ_.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.Vb914Xtl.lean.js
index eeeca757..9b66e86d 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.B3Zx1lZ_.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_plotting.md.Vb914Xtl.lean.js
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-import{_ as l,c as o,j as a,a as t,G as e,a4 as n,B as p,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Analysis and plotting","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/plotting.md","filePath":"manual/plotting.md"}'),d={name:"manual/plotting.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function u(b,s,y,m,E,f){const i=p("Badge");return r(),o("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=a("h1",{id:"Analysis-and-plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Analysis and plotting "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Analysis-and-plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Analysis and plotting {#Analysis-and-plotting}"'},"​")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=a("p",null,[t("The key method for visualization is "),a("code",null,"transform_solutions"),t(", which parses a string into a symbolic expression and evaluates it for every steady state solution.")],-1)),a("details",h,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=n(`
julia
transform_solutions(
+import{_ as l,c as o,j as a,a as t,G as n,a4 as e,B as p,o as r}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Analysis and plotting","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/plotting.md","filePath":"manual/plotting.md"}'),d={name:"manual/plotting.md"},h={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function u(y,s,b,m,E,f){const i=p("Badge");return r(),o("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=a("h1",{id:"Analysis-and-plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Analysis and plotting "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Analysis-and-plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Analysis and plotting {#Analysis-and-plotting}"'},"​")],-1)),s[13]||(s[13]=a("p",null,[t("The key method for visualization is "),a("code",null,"transform_solutions"),t(", which parses a string into a symbolic expression and evaluates it for every steady state solution.")],-1)),a("details",h,[a("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.transform_solutions")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
transform_solutions(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     func;
     branches,
     realify
-) -> Vector
Takes a Result object and a string f representing a Symbolics.jl expression. Returns an array with the values of f evaluated for the respective solutions. Additional substitution rules can be specified in rules in the format ("a" => val) or (a => val)
source
`,3))]),s[14]||(s[14]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting solutions "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting solutions {#Plotting-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=a("p",null,[t("The function "),a("code",null,"plot"),t(" is multiple-dispatched to plot 1D and 2D datasets. In 1D, the solutions are colour-coded according to the branches obtained by "),a("code",null,"sort_solutions"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",c,[a("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=n(`
julia
plot(
+) -> Vector
Takes a Result object and a string f representing a Symbolics.jl expression. Returns an array with the values of f evaluated for the respective solutions. Additional substitution rules can be specified in rules in the format ("a" => val) or (a => val)
source
`,3))]),s[14]||(s[14]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting solutions "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting solutions {#Plotting-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=a("p",null,[t("The function "),a("code",null,"plot"),t(" is multiple-dispatched to plot 1D and 2D datasets. In 1D, the solutions are colour-coded according to the branches obtained by "),a("code",null,"sort_solutions"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",c,[a("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=a("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{HarmonicBalance.Result, Vararg{Any}}"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=e(`
julia
plot(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     varargs...;
     cut,
     kwargs...
 ) -> Plots.Plot
Plot a Result object.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class       :   only plot solutions in this class(es) ("all" --> plot everything)
 not_class   :   do not plot solutions in this class(es)
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr().
See also plot!
The x,y,z arguments are Strings compatible with Symbolics.jl, e.g., y=2*sqrt(u1^2+v1^2) plots the amplitude of the first quadratures multiplied by 2.
1D plots
plot(res::Result; x::String, y::String, class="default", not_class=[], kwargs...)
-plot(res::Result, y::String; kwargs...) # take x automatically from Result
Default behaviour is to plot stable solutions as full lines, unstable as dashed.
If a sweep in two parameters were done, i.e., dim(res)==2, a one dimensional cut can be plotted by using the keyword cut were it takes a Pair{Num, Float64} type entry. For example, plot(res, y="sqrt(u1^2+v1^2), cut=(λ => 0.2)) plots a cut at λ = 0.2.
2D plots
plot(res::Result; z::String, branch::Int64, class="physical", not_class=[], kwargs...)
To make the 2d plot less chaotic it is required to specify the specific branch to plot, labeled by a Int64.
The x and y axes are taken automatically from res
source
`,17))]),s[16]||(s[16]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-phase-diagrams",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting phase diagrams "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-phase-diagrams","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting phase diagrams {#Plotting-phase-diagrams}"'},"​")],-1)),s[17]||(s[17]=a("p",null,[t("In many problems, rather than in any property of the solutions themselves, we are interested in the phase diagrams, encoding the number of (stable) solutions in different regions of the parameter space. "),a("code",null,"plot_phase_diagram"),t(" handles this for 1D and 2D datasets.")],-1)),a("details",g,[a("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=n(`
julia
plot_phase_diagram(
+plot(res::Result, y::String; kwargs...) # take x automatically from Result
Default behaviour is to plot stable solutions as full lines, unstable as dashed.
If a sweep in two parameters were done, i.e., dim(res)==2, a one dimensional cut can be plotted by using the keyword cut were it takes a Pair{Num, Float64} type entry. For example, plot(res, y="sqrt(u1^2+v1^2), cut=(λ => 0.2)) plots a cut at λ = 0.2.
2D plots
plot(res::Result; z::String, branch::Int64, class="physical", not_class=[], kwargs...)
To make the 2d plot less chaotic it is required to specify the specific branch to plot, labeled by a Int64.
The x and y axes are taken automatically from res
source
`,17))]),s[16]||(s[16]=a("h2",{id:"Plotting-phase-diagrams",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plotting phase diagrams "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plotting-phase-diagrams","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting phase diagrams {#Plotting-phase-diagrams}"'},"​")],-1)),s[17]||(s[17]=a("p",null,[t("In many problems, rather than in any property of the solutions themselves, we are interested in the phase diagrams, encoding the number of (stable) solutions in different regions of the parameter space. "),a("code",null,"plot_phase_diagram"),t(" handles this for 1D and 2D datasets.")],-1)),a("details",g,[a("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=e(`
julia
plot_phase_diagram(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result;
     kwargs...
 ) -> Plots.Plot
Plot the number of solutions in a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
-not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))]),s[18]||(s[18]=a("h2",{id:"Plot-spaghetti-plot",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plot spaghetti plot "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plot-spaghetti-plot","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plot spaghetti plot {#Plot-spaghetti-plot}"'},"​")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=a("p",null,[t("Sometimes, it is useful to plot the quadratures of the steady states (u, v) in function of a swept parameter. This is done with "),a("code",null,"plot_spaghetti"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",k,[a("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=t()),e(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=n(`
julia
plot_spaghetti(res::Result; x, y, z, kwargs...)
Plot a three dimension line plot of a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
-not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))])])}const C=l(d,[["render",u]]);export{j as __pageData,C as default};
+not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))]),s[18]||(s[18]=a("h2",{id:"Plot-spaghetti-plot",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Plot spaghetti plot "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Plot-spaghetti-plot","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plot spaghetti plot {#Plot-spaghetti-plot}"'},"​")],-1)),s[19]||(s[19]=a("p",null,[t("Sometimes, it is useful to plot the quadratures of the steady states (u, v) in function of a swept parameter. This is done with "),a("code",null,"plot_spaghetti"),t(".")],-1)),a("details",k,[a("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti",href:"#HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=t()),n(i,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=e(`
julia
plot_spaghetti(res::Result; x, y, z, kwargs...)
Plot a three dimension line plot of a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.
Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:
class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
+not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class
Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()
source
`,6))])])}const C=l(d,[["render",u]]);export{j as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.DxkqPXKw.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.C8ftx9k-.js
similarity index 65%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.DxkqPXKw.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.C8ftx9k-.js
index 330c916e..68b1229e 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.DxkqPXKw.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.C8ftx9k-.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-import{_ as t,c as l,a4 as s,j as a,a as i,G as o,B as c,o as d}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"Saving and loading","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/saving.md","filePath":"manual/saving.md"}'),r={name:"manual/saving.md"},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},u={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function b(h,e,m,v,f,k){const n=c("Badge");return d(),l("div",null,[e[9]||(e[9]=s('
Saving and loading ​
All of the types native to HarmonicBalance.jl can be saved into a .jld2 file using save and loaded using load. Most of the saving/loading is performed using the package JLD2.jl, with the addition of reinstating the symbolic variables in the HarmonicBalance namespace (needed to parse expressions used in the plotting functions) and recompiling stored functions (needed to evaluate Jacobians). As a consequence, composite objects such as Result can be saved and loaded with no loss of information.
The function export_csv saves a .csv file which can be plot elsewhere.
',3)),a("details",p,[a("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.save",href:"#HarmonicBalance.save"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.save")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[2]||(e[2]=s('
julia
save(filename, object)
Saves object into .jld2 file filename (the suffix is added automatically if not entered). The resulting file contains a dictionary with a single entry.
source
',3))]),a("details",g,[a("summary",null,[e[3]||(e[3]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.load",href:"#HarmonicBalance.load"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.load")],-1)),e[4]||(e[4]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[5]||(e[5]=s('
julia
load(filename)
Loads an object from filename. For objects containing symbolic expressions such as HarmonicEquation, the symbolic variables are reinstated in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
source
',3))]),a("details",u,[a("summary",null,[e[6]||(e[6]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.export_csv",href:"#HarmonicBalance.export_csv"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.export_csv")],-1)),e[7]||(e[7]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[8]||(e[8]=s('
julia
export_csv(filename, res, branch)
Saves into filename a specified solution branch of the Result res.
source
',3))]),e[10]||(e[10]=s('
',1))])}const B=t(r,[["render",b]]);export{y as __pageData,B as default};
+import{_ as t,c as l,a4 as s,j as e,a as i,G as o,B as c,o as d}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"Saving and loading","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/saving.md","filePath":"manual/saving.md"}'),r={name:"manual/saving.md"},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},u={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function h(b,a,m,v,f,k){const n=c("Badge");return d(),l("div",null,[a[9]||(a[9]=s('
Saving and loading ​
All of the types native to HarmonicBalance.jl can be saved into a .jld2 file using save and loaded using load. Most of the saving/loading is performed using the package JLD2.jl, with the addition of reinstating the symbolic variables in the HarmonicBalance namespace (needed to parse expressions used in the plotting functions) and recompiling stored functions (needed to evaluate Jacobians). As a consequence, composite objects such as Result can be saved and loaded with no loss of information.
The function export_csv saves a .csv file which can be plot elsewhere.
',3)),e("details",p,[e("summary",null,[a[0]||(a[0]=e("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.save",href:"#HarmonicBalance.save"},[e("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.save")],-1)),a[1]||(a[1]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[2]||(a[2]=s('
julia
save(filename, object)
Saves object into .jld2 file filename (the suffix is added automatically if not entered). The resulting file contains a dictionary with a single entry.
source
',3))]),e("details",g,[e("summary",null,[a[3]||(a[3]=e("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.load",href:"#HarmonicBalance.load"},[e("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.load")],-1)),a[4]||(a[4]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[5]||(a[5]=s('
julia
load(filename)
Loads an object from filename. For objects containing symbolic expressions such as HarmonicEquation, the symbolic variables are reinstated in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
source
',3))]),e("details",u,[e("summary",null,[a[6]||(a[6]=e("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.export_csv",href:"#HarmonicBalance.export_csv"},[e("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.export_csv")],-1)),a[7]||(a[7]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[8]||(a[8]=s('
julia
export_csv(filename, res, branch)
Saves into filename a specified solution branch of the Result res.
source
',3))]),a[10]||(a[10]=s('
',1))])}const B=t(r,[["render",h]]);export{y as __pageData,B as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.DxkqPXKw.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.C8ftx9k-.lean.js
similarity index 65%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.DxkqPXKw.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.C8ftx9k-.lean.js
index 330c916e..68b1229e 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.DxkqPXKw.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_saving.md.C8ftx9k-.lean.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-import{_ as t,c as l,a4 as s,j as a,a as i,G as o,B as c,o as d}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"Saving and loading","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/saving.md","filePath":"manual/saving.md"}'),r={name:"manual/saving.md"},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},u={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function b(h,e,m,v,f,k){const n=c("Badge");return d(),l("div",null,[e[9]||(e[9]=s('
Saving and loading ​
All of the types native to HarmonicBalance.jl can be saved into a .jld2 file using save and loaded using load. Most of the saving/loading is performed using the package JLD2.jl, with the addition of reinstating the symbolic variables in the HarmonicBalance namespace (needed to parse expressions used in the plotting functions) and recompiling stored functions (needed to evaluate Jacobians). As a consequence, composite objects such as Result can be saved and loaded with no loss of information.
The function export_csv saves a .csv file which can be plot elsewhere.
',3)),a("details",p,[a("summary",null,[e[0]||(e[0]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.save",href:"#HarmonicBalance.save"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.save")],-1)),e[1]||(e[1]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[2]||(e[2]=s('
julia
save(filename, object)
Saves object into .jld2 file filename (the suffix is added automatically if not entered). The resulting file contains a dictionary with a single entry.
source
',3))]),a("details",g,[a("summary",null,[e[3]||(e[3]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.load",href:"#HarmonicBalance.load"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.load")],-1)),e[4]||(e[4]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[5]||(e[5]=s('
julia
load(filename)
Loads an object from filename. For objects containing symbolic expressions such as HarmonicEquation, the symbolic variables are reinstated in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
source
',3))]),a("details",u,[a("summary",null,[e[6]||(e[6]=a("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.export_csv",href:"#HarmonicBalance.export_csv"},[a("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.export_csv")],-1)),e[7]||(e[7]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),e[8]||(e[8]=s('
julia
export_csv(filename, res, branch)
Saves into filename a specified solution branch of the Result res.
source
',3))]),e[10]||(e[10]=s('
',1))])}const B=t(r,[["render",b]]);export{y as __pageData,B as default};
+import{_ as t,c as l,a4 as s,j as e,a as i,G as o,B as c,o as d}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"Saving and loading","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/saving.md","filePath":"manual/saving.md"}'),r={name:"manual/saving.md"},p={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},g={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},u={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function h(b,a,m,v,f,k){const n=c("Badge");return d(),l("div",null,[a[9]||(a[9]=s('
Saving and loading ​
All of the types native to HarmonicBalance.jl can be saved into a .jld2 file using save and loaded using load. Most of the saving/loading is performed using the package JLD2.jl, with the addition of reinstating the symbolic variables in the HarmonicBalance namespace (needed to parse expressions used in the plotting functions) and recompiling stored functions (needed to evaluate Jacobians). As a consequence, composite objects such as Result can be saved and loaded with no loss of information.
The function export_csv saves a .csv file which can be plot elsewhere.
',3)),e("details",p,[e("summary",null,[a[0]||(a[0]=e("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.save",href:"#HarmonicBalance.save"},[e("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.save")],-1)),a[1]||(a[1]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[2]||(a[2]=s('
julia
save(filename, object)
Saves object into .jld2 file filename (the suffix is added automatically if not entered). The resulting file contains a dictionary with a single entry.
source
',3))]),e("details",g,[e("summary",null,[a[3]||(a[3]=e("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.load",href:"#HarmonicBalance.load"},[e("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.load")],-1)),a[4]||(a[4]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[5]||(a[5]=s('
julia
load(filename)
Loads an object from filename. For objects containing symbolic expressions such as HarmonicEquation, the symbolic variables are reinstated in the HarmonicBalance namespace.
source
',3))]),e("details",u,[e("summary",null,[a[6]||(a[6]=e("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.export_csv",href:"#HarmonicBalance.export_csv"},[e("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.export_csv")],-1)),a[7]||(a[7]=i()),o(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),a[8]||(a[8]=s('
julia
export_csv(filename, res, branch)
Saves into filename a specified solution branch of the Result res.
source
',3))]),a[10]||(a[10]=s('
',1))])}const B=t(r,[["render",h]]);export{y as __pageData,B as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CUoAwVIW.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CBKL5BWB.js
similarity index 98%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CUoAwVIW.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CBKL5BWB.js
index 273ebf9b..35de8355 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CUoAwVIW.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CBKL5BWB.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import{_ as h,c as l,a4 as t,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const H=JSON.parse('{"title":"Solving harmonic equations","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/solving_harmonics.md","filePath":"manual/solving_harmonics.md"}'),r={name:"manual/solving_harmonics.md"},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},g={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.687ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"27.124ex",height:"2.573ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -833.9 11988.7 1137.4","aria-hidden":"true"},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function T(b,i,F,f,C,v){const e=p("Badge");return o(),l("div",null,[i[22]||(i[22]=t('
Solving harmonic equations ​
Once a differential equation of motion has been defined in DifferentialEquation and converted to a HarmonicEquation, we may use the homotopy continuation method (as implemented in HomotopyContinuation.jl) to find steady states. This means that, having called get_harmonic_equations, we need to set all time-derivatives to zero and parse the resulting algebraic equations into a Problem.
Problem holds the steady-state equations, and (optionally) the symbolic Jacobian which is needed for stability / linear response calculations.
Once defined, a Problem can be solved for a set of input parameters using get_steady_states to obtain Result.
',4)),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[i[0]||(i[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Problem",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Problem"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Problem")],-1)),i[1]||(i[1]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[2]||(i[2]=t(`
julia
mutable struct Problem
Holds a set of algebraic equations describing the steady state of a system.
Fields
  • variables::Vector{Num}: The harmonic variables to be solved for.
  • parameters::Vector{Num}: All symbols which are not the harmonic variables.
  • system::HomotopyContinuation.ModelKit.System: The input object for HomotopyContinuation.jl solver methods.
  • jacobian::Any: The Jacobian matrix (possibly symbolic). If false, the Jacobian is ignored (may be calculated implicitly after solving).
  • eom::HarmonicEquation: The HarmonicEquation object used to generate this Problem.
Constructors
julia
Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=true) # find and store the symbolic Jacobian
 Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian="implicit") # ignore the Jacobian for now, compute implicitly later
 Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=J) # use J as the Jacobian (a function that takes a Dict)
-Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=false) # ignore the Jacobian
source
`,7))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=t(`
julia
get_steady_states(problem::HarmonicEquation,
+Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=false) # ignore the Jacobian
source
`,7))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=t(`
julia
get_steady_states(problem::HarmonicEquation,
                     method::HarmonicBalanceMethod,
                     swept_parameters::ParameterRange,
                     fixed_parameters::ParameterList;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import{_ as h,c as l,a4 as t,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o}from"./chunks/framework.Dc
        of which real:    1
        of which stable:  1
 
-    Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
source
`,4))]),s("details",u,[s("summary",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Result",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Result"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Result")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[15]||(i[15]=t('
julia
mutable struct Result
Stores the steady states of a HarmonicEquation.
Fields
  • solutions::Array{Vector{Vector{ComplexF64}}}: The variable values of steady-state solutions.
  • swept_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Vector{Union{Float64, ComplexF64}}}: Values of all parameters for all solutions.
  • fixed_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Float64}: The parameters fixed throughout the solutions.
  • problem::HarmonicBalance.Problem: The Problem used to generate this.
  • classes::Dict{String, Array}: Maps strings such as "stable", "physical" etc to arrays of values, classifying the solutions (see method classify_solutions!).
  • jacobian::Function: The Jacobian with fixed_parameters already substituted. Accepts a dictionary specifying the solution. If problem.jacobian is a symbolic matrix, this holds a compiled function. If problem.jacobian was false, this holds a function that rearranges the equations to find J only after numerical values are inserted (preferable in cases where the symbolic J would be very large).
  • seed::UInt32: Seed used for the solver
source
',5))]),i[23]||(i[23]=s("h2",{id:"Classifying-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Classifying solutions "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Classifying-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Classifying solutions {#Classifying-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),i[24]||(i[24]=s("p",null,[a("The solutions in "),s("code",null,"Result"),a(" are accompanied by similarly-sized boolean arrays stored in the dictionary "),s("code",null,"Result.classes"),a(". The classes can be used by the plotting functions to show/hide/label certain solutions.")],-1)),i[25]||(i[25]=s("p",null,[a('By default, classes "physical", "stable" and "binary_labels" are created. User-defined classification is possible with '),s("code",null,"classify_solutions!"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",y,[s("summary",null,[i[16]||(i[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!")],-1)),i[17]||(i[17]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[18]||(i[18]=t(`
julia
classify_solutions!(
+    Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
source
`,4))]),s("details",u,[s("summary",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Result",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Result"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Result")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[15]||(i[15]=t('
julia
mutable struct Result
Stores the steady states of a HarmonicEquation.
Fields
  • solutions::Array{Vector{Vector{ComplexF64}}}: The variable values of steady-state solutions.
  • swept_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Vector{Union{Float64, ComplexF64}}}: Values of all parameters for all solutions.
  • fixed_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Float64}: The parameters fixed throughout the solutions.
  • problem::HarmonicBalance.Problem: The Problem used to generate this.
  • classes::Dict{String, Array}: Maps strings such as "stable", "physical" etc to arrays of values, classifying the solutions (see method classify_solutions!).
  • jacobian::Function: The Jacobian with fixed_parameters already substituted. Accepts a dictionary specifying the solution. If problem.jacobian is a symbolic matrix, this holds a compiled function. If problem.jacobian was false, this holds a function that rearranges the equations to find J only after numerical values are inserted (preferable in cases where the symbolic J would be very large).
  • seed::UInt32: Seed used for the solver
source
',5))]),i[23]||(i[23]=s("h2",{id:"Classifying-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Classifying solutions "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Classifying-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Classifying solutions {#Classifying-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),i[24]||(i[24]=s("p",null,[a("The solutions in "),s("code",null,"Result"),a(" are accompanied by similarly-sized boolean arrays stored in the dictionary "),s("code",null,"Result.classes"),a(". The classes can be used by the plotting functions to show/hide/label certain solutions.")],-1)),i[25]||(i[25]=s("p",null,[a('By default, classes "physical", "stable" and "binary_labels" are created. User-defined classification is possible with '),s("code",null,"classify_solutions!"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",y,[s("summary",null,[i[16]||(i[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!")],-1)),i[17]||(i[17]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[18]||(i[18]=t(`
julia
classify_solutions!(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     func::Union{Function, String},
     name::String;
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ import{_ as h,c as l,a4 as t,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o}from"./chunks/framework.Dc
 res = get_steady_states(problem, swept_parameters, fixed_parameters)
 
 # classify, store in result.classes["large_amplitude"]
-classify_solutions!(res, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 1.0" , "large_amplitude")
source
`,7))]),i[26]||(i[26]=t('
Sorting solutions ​
Solving a steady-state problem over a range of parameters returns a solution set for each parameter. For a continuous change of parameters, each solution in a set usually also changes continuously; it is said to form a ''solution branch''. For an example, see the three colour-coded branches for the Duffing oscillator in Example 1.
For stable states, the branches describe a system's behaviour under adiabatic parameter changes.
Therefore, after solving for a parameter range, we want to order each solution set such that the solutions' order reflects the branches.
The function sort_solutions goes over the the raw output of get_steady_states and sorts each entry such that neighboring solution sets minimize Euclidean distance.
Currently, sort_solutions is compatible with 1D and 2D arrays of solution sets.
',6)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[i[19]||(i[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions")],-1)),i[20]||(i[20]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[21]||(i[21]=t(`
julia
sort_solutions(
+classify_solutions!(res, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 1.0" , "large_amplitude")
source
`,7))]),i[26]||(i[26]=t('
Sorting solutions ​
Solving a steady-state problem over a range of parameters returns a solution set for each parameter. For a continuous change of parameters, each solution in a set usually also changes continuously; it is said to form a ''solution branch''. For an example, see the three colour-coded branches for the Duffing oscillator in Example 1.
For stable states, the branches describe a system's behaviour under adiabatic parameter changes.
Therefore, after solving for a parameter range, we want to order each solution set such that the solutions' order reflects the branches.
The function sort_solutions goes over the the raw output of get_steady_states and sorts each entry such that neighboring solution sets minimize Euclidean distance.
Currently, sort_solutions is compatible with 1D and 2D arrays of solution sets.
',6)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[i[19]||(i[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions")],-1)),i[20]||(i[20]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[21]||(i[21]=t(`
julia
sort_solutions(
     solutions::Array;
     sorting,
     show_progress
-) -> Array
Sorts solutions into branches according to the method sorting.
solutions is an n-dimensional array of Vector{Vector}. Each element describes a set of solutions for a given parameter set. The output is a similar array, with each solution set rearranged such that neighboring solution sets have the smallest Euclidean distance.
Keyword arguments
  • sorting: the method used by sort_solutions to get continuous solutions branches. The current options are "hilbert" (1D sorting along a Hilbert curve), "nearest" (nearest-neighbor sorting) and "none".
  • show_progress: Indicate whether a progress bar should be displayed.
source
`,6))])])}const w=h(r,[["render",T]]);export{H as __pageData,w as default};
+) -> Array
Sorts solutions into branches according to the method sorting.
solutions is an n-dimensional array of Vector{Vector}. Each element describes a set of solutions for a given parameter set. The output is a similar array, with each solution set rearranged such that neighboring solution sets have the smallest Euclidean distance.
Keyword arguments
  • sorting: the method used by sort_solutions to get continuous solutions branches. The current options are "hilbert" (1D sorting along a Hilbert curve), "nearest" (nearest-neighbor sorting) and "none".
  • show_progress: Indicate whether a progress bar should be displayed.
source
`,6))])])}const w=h(r,[["render",T]]);export{H as __pageData,w as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CUoAwVIW.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CBKL5BWB.lean.js
similarity index 98%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CUoAwVIW.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CBKL5BWB.lean.js
index 273ebf9b..35de8355 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CUoAwVIW.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_solving_harmonics.md.CBKL5BWB.lean.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import{_ as h,c as l,a4 as t,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const H=JSON.parse('{"title":"Solving harmonic equations","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/solving_harmonics.md","filePath":"manual/solving_harmonics.md"}'),r={name:"manual/solving_harmonics.md"},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},k={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},g={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.687ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"27.124ex",height:"2.573ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -833.9 11988.7 1137.4","aria-hidden":"true"},m={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},E={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},y={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},Q={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function T(b,i,F,f,C,v){const e=p("Badge");return o(),l("div",null,[i[22]||(i[22]=t('
Solving harmonic equations ​
Once a differential equation of motion has been defined in DifferentialEquation and converted to a HarmonicEquation, we may use the homotopy continuation method (as implemented in HomotopyContinuation.jl) to find steady states. This means that, having called get_harmonic_equations, we need to set all time-derivatives to zero and parse the resulting algebraic equations into a Problem.
Problem holds the steady-state equations, and (optionally) the symbolic Jacobian which is needed for stability / linear response calculations.
Once defined, a Problem can be solved for a set of input parameters using get_steady_states to obtain Result.
',4)),s("details",d,[s("summary",null,[i[0]||(i[0]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Problem",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Problem"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Problem")],-1)),i[1]||(i[1]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[2]||(i[2]=t(`
julia
mutable struct Problem
Holds a set of algebraic equations describing the steady state of a system.
Fields
  • variables::Vector{Num}: The harmonic variables to be solved for.
  • parameters::Vector{Num}: All symbols which are not the harmonic variables.
  • system::HomotopyContinuation.ModelKit.System: The input object for HomotopyContinuation.jl solver methods.
  • jacobian::Any: The Jacobian matrix (possibly symbolic). If false, the Jacobian is ignored (may be calculated implicitly after solving).
  • eom::HarmonicEquation: The HarmonicEquation object used to generate this Problem.
Constructors
julia
Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=true) # find and store the symbolic Jacobian
 Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian="implicit") # ignore the Jacobian for now, compute implicitly later
 Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=J) # use J as the Jacobian (a function that takes a Dict)
-Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=false) # ignore the Jacobian
source
`,7))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=t(`
julia
get_steady_states(problem::HarmonicEquation,
+Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=false) # ignore the Jacobian
source
`,7))]),s("details",k,[s("summary",null,[i[3]||(i[3]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states",href:"#HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states")],-1)),i[4]||(i[4]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[11]||(i[11]=t(`
julia
get_steady_states(problem::HarmonicEquation,
                     method::HarmonicBalanceMethod,
                     swept_parameters::ParameterRange,
                     fixed_parameters::ParameterList;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import{_ as h,c as l,a4 as t,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o}from"./chunks/framework.Dc
        of which real:    1
        of which stable:  1
 
-    Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
source
`,4))]),s("details",u,[s("summary",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Result",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Result"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Result")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[15]||(i[15]=t('
julia
mutable struct Result
Stores the steady states of a HarmonicEquation.
Fields
  • solutions::Array{Vector{Vector{ComplexF64}}}: The variable values of steady-state solutions.
  • swept_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Vector{Union{Float64, ComplexF64}}}: Values of all parameters for all solutions.
  • fixed_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Float64}: The parameters fixed throughout the solutions.
  • problem::HarmonicBalance.Problem: The Problem used to generate this.
  • classes::Dict{String, Array}: Maps strings such as "stable", "physical" etc to arrays of values, classifying the solutions (see method classify_solutions!).
  • jacobian::Function: The Jacobian with fixed_parameters already substituted. Accepts a dictionary specifying the solution. If problem.jacobian is a symbolic matrix, this holds a compiled function. If problem.jacobian was false, this holds a function that rearranges the equations to find J only after numerical values are inserted (preferable in cases where the symbolic J would be very large).
  • seed::UInt32: Seed used for the solver
source
',5))]),i[23]||(i[23]=s("h2",{id:"Classifying-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Classifying solutions "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Classifying-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Classifying solutions {#Classifying-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),i[24]||(i[24]=s("p",null,[a("The solutions in "),s("code",null,"Result"),a(" are accompanied by similarly-sized boolean arrays stored in the dictionary "),s("code",null,"Result.classes"),a(". The classes can be used by the plotting functions to show/hide/label certain solutions.")],-1)),i[25]||(i[25]=s("p",null,[a('By default, classes "physical", "stable" and "binary_labels" are created. User-defined classification is possible with '),s("code",null,"classify_solutions!"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",y,[s("summary",null,[i[16]||(i[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!")],-1)),i[17]||(i[17]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[18]||(i[18]=t(`
julia
classify_solutions!(
+    Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
source
`,4))]),s("details",u,[s("summary",null,[i[13]||(i[13]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.Result",href:"#HarmonicBalance.Result"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.Result")],-1)),i[14]||(i[14]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),i[15]||(i[15]=t('
julia
mutable struct Result
Stores the steady states of a HarmonicEquation.
Fields
  • solutions::Array{Vector{Vector{ComplexF64}}}: The variable values of steady-state solutions.
  • swept_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Vector{Union{Float64, ComplexF64}}}: Values of all parameters for all solutions.
  • fixed_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Float64}: The parameters fixed throughout the solutions.
  • problem::HarmonicBalance.Problem: The Problem used to generate this.
  • classes::Dict{String, Array}: Maps strings such as "stable", "physical" etc to arrays of values, classifying the solutions (see method classify_solutions!).
  • jacobian::Function: The Jacobian with fixed_parameters already substituted. Accepts a dictionary specifying the solution. If problem.jacobian is a symbolic matrix, this holds a compiled function. If problem.jacobian was false, this holds a function that rearranges the equations to find J only after numerical values are inserted (preferable in cases where the symbolic J would be very large).
  • seed::UInt32: Seed used for the solver
source
',5))]),i[23]||(i[23]=s("h2",{id:"Classifying-solutions",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Classifying solutions "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Classifying-solutions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Classifying solutions {#Classifying-solutions}"'},"​")],-1)),i[24]||(i[24]=s("p",null,[a("The solutions in "),s("code",null,"Result"),a(" are accompanied by similarly-sized boolean arrays stored in the dictionary "),s("code",null,"Result.classes"),a(". The classes can be used by the plotting functions to show/hide/label certain solutions.")],-1)),i[25]||(i[25]=s("p",null,[a('By default, classes "physical", "stable" and "binary_labels" are created. User-defined classification is possible with '),s("code",null,"classify_solutions!"),a(".")],-1)),s("details",y,[s("summary",null,[i[16]||(i[16]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!",href:"#HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions!")],-1)),i[17]||(i[17]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[18]||(i[18]=t(`
julia
classify_solutions!(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     func::Union{Function, String},
     name::String;
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ import{_ as h,c as l,a4 as t,j as s,a,G as n,B as p,o}from"./chunks/framework.Dc
 res = get_steady_states(problem, swept_parameters, fixed_parameters)
 
 # classify, store in result.classes["large_amplitude"]
-classify_solutions!(res, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 1.0" , "large_amplitude")
source
`,7))]),i[26]||(i[26]=t('
Sorting solutions ​
Solving a steady-state problem over a range of parameters returns a solution set for each parameter. For a continuous change of parameters, each solution in a set usually also changes continuously; it is said to form a ''solution branch''. For an example, see the three colour-coded branches for the Duffing oscillator in Example 1.
For stable states, the branches describe a system's behaviour under adiabatic parameter changes.
Therefore, after solving for a parameter range, we want to order each solution set such that the solutions' order reflects the branches.
The function sort_solutions goes over the the raw output of get_steady_states and sorts each entry such that neighboring solution sets minimize Euclidean distance.
Currently, sort_solutions is compatible with 1D and 2D arrays of solution sets.
',6)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[i[19]||(i[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions")],-1)),i[20]||(i[20]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[21]||(i[21]=t(`
julia
sort_solutions(
+classify_solutions!(res, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 1.0" , "large_amplitude")
source
`,7))]),i[26]||(i[26]=t('
Sorting solutions ​
Solving a steady-state problem over a range of parameters returns a solution set for each parameter. For a continuous change of parameters, each solution in a set usually also changes continuously; it is said to form a ''solution branch''. For an example, see the three colour-coded branches for the Duffing oscillator in Example 1.
For stable states, the branches describe a system's behaviour under adiabatic parameter changes.
Therefore, after solving for a parameter range, we want to order each solution set such that the solutions' order reflects the branches.
The function sort_solutions goes over the the raw output of get_steady_states and sorts each entry such that neighboring solution sets minimize Euclidean distance.
Currently, sort_solutions is compatible with 1D and 2D arrays of solution sets.
',6)),s("details",Q,[s("summary",null,[i[19]||(i[19]=s("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions",href:"#HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions"},[s("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions")],-1)),i[20]||(i[20]=a()),n(e,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),i[21]||(i[21]=t(`
julia
sort_solutions(
     solutions::Array;
     sorting,
     show_progress
-) -> Array
Sorts solutions into branches according to the method sorting.
solutions is an n-dimensional array of Vector{Vector}. Each element describes a set of solutions for a given parameter set. The output is a similar array, with each solution set rearranged such that neighboring solution sets have the smallest Euclidean distance.
Keyword arguments
  • sorting: the method used by sort_solutions to get continuous solutions branches. The current options are "hilbert" (1D sorting along a Hilbert curve), "nearest" (nearest-neighbor sorting) and "none".
  • show_progress: Indicate whether a progress bar should be displayed.
source
`,6))])])}const w=h(r,[["render",T]]);export{H as __pageData,w as default};
+) -> Array
Sorts solutions into branches according to the method sorting.
solutions is an n-dimensional array of Vector{Vector}. Each element describes a set of solutions for a given parameter set. The output is a similar array, with each solution set rearranged such that neighboring solution sets have the smallest Euclidean distance.
Keyword arguments
  • sorting: the method used by sort_solutions to get continuous solutions branches. The current options are "hilbert" (1D sorting along a Hilbert curve), "nearest" (nearest-neighbor sorting) and "none".
  • show_progress: Indicate whether a progress bar should be displayed.
source
`,6))])])}const w=h(r,[["render",T]]);export{H as __pageData,w as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.DklFRcLU.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.D8ZMpa-k.js
similarity index 97%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.DklFRcLU.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.D8ZMpa-k.js
index c47bf62d..8f3e185c 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.DklFRcLU.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.D8ZMpa-k.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import{_ as l,c as p,a4 as e,j as i,a,G as t,B as h,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const v=JSON.parse('{"title":"Time evolution","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/time_dependent.md","filePath":"manual/time_dependent.md"}'),o={name:"manual/time_dependent.md"},r={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function g(y,s,u,m,b,F){const n=h("Badge");return k(),p("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=e('
Time evolution ​
Generally, solving the ODE of oscillatory systems in time requires numerically tracking the oscillations. This is a computationally expensive process; however, using the harmonic ansatz removes the oscillatory time-dependence. Simulating instead the harmonic variables of a HarmonicEquation is vastly more efficient - a steady state of the system appears as a fixed point in multidimensional space rather than an oscillatory function.
The Extention TimeEvolution is used to interface HarmonicEquation with the solvers contained in OrdinaryDiffEq.jl. Time-dependent parameter sweeps are defined using the object AdiabaticSweep. To use the TimeEvolution extension, one must first load the OrdinaryDiffEq.jl package.
',3)),i("details",r,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}",href:"#SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"SciMLBase.ODEProblem")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
ODEProblem(
+import{_ as l,c as p,a4 as e,j as i,a,G as t,B as h,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Time evolution","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/time_dependent.md","filePath":"manual/time_dependent.md"}'),o={name:"manual/time_dependent.md"},r={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function g(y,s,u,m,b,F){const n=h("Badge");return k(),p("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=e('
Time evolution ​
Generally, solving the ODE of oscillatory systems in time requires numerically tracking the oscillations. This is a computationally expensive process; however, using the harmonic ansatz removes the oscillatory time-dependence. Simulating instead the harmonic variables of a HarmonicEquation is vastly more efficient - a steady state of the system appears as a fixed point in multidimensional space rather than an oscillatory function.
The Extention TimeEvolution is used to interface HarmonicEquation with the solvers contained in OrdinaryDiffEq.jl. Time-dependent parameter sweeps are defined using the object AdiabaticSweep. To use the TimeEvolution extension, one must first load the OrdinaryDiffEq.jl package.
',3)),i("details",r,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}",href:"#SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"SciMLBase.ODEProblem")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
ODEProblem(
         eom::HarmonicEquation;
         fixed_parameters,
         u0::Vector,
         sweep::AdiabaticSweep,
         timespan::Tuple
-        )
Creates an ODEProblem object used by OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5.jl from the equations in eom to simulate time-evolution within timespan. fixed_parameters must be a dictionary mapping parameters+variables to numbers (possible to use a solution index, e.g. solutions[x][y] for branch y of solution x). If u0 is specified, it is used as an initial condition; otherwise the values from fixed_parameters are used.
source
`,3))]),i("details",d,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep",href:"#HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=e(`
Represents a sweep of one or more parameters of a HarmonicEquation. During a sweep, the selected parameters vary linearly over some timespan and are constant elsewhere.
Sweeps of different variables can be combined using +.
Fields
  • functions::Dict{Num, Function}: Maps each swept parameter to a function.
Examples
julia
# create a sweep of parameter a from 0 to 1 over time 0 -> 100
+        )
Creates an ODEProblem object used by OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5.jl from the equations in eom to simulate time-evolution within timespan. fixed_parameters must be a dictionary mapping parameters+variables to numbers (possible to use a solution index, e.g. solutions[x][y] for branch y of solution x). If u0 is specified, it is used as an initial condition; otherwise the values from fixed_parameters are used.
source
`,3))]),i("details",d,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep",href:"#HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=e(`
Represents a sweep of one or more parameters of a HarmonicEquation. During a sweep, the selected parameters vary linearly over some timespan and are constant elsewhere.
Sweeps of different variables can be combined using +.
Fields
  • functions::Dict{Num, Function}: Maps each swept parameter to a function.
Examples
julia
# create a sweep of parameter a from 0 to 1 over time 0 -> 100
 julia> @variables a,b;
 julia> sweep = AdiabaticSweep(a => [0., 1.], (0, 100));
 julia> sweep[a](50)
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a4 as e,j as i,a,G as t,B as h,o as k}from"./chunks/framewo
 julia> sweep = AdiabaticSweep([a => [0.,1.], b => [0., 1.]], (0,100))
Successive sweeps can be combined,
julia
sweep1 = AdiabaticSweep(ω => [0.95, 1.0], (0, 2e4))
 sweep2 = AdiabaticSweep(λ => [0.05, 0.01], (2e4, 4e4))
 sweep = sweep1 + sweep2
multiple parameters can be swept simultaneously,
julia
sweep = AdiabaticSweep([ω => [0.95;1.0], λ => [5e-2;1e-2]], (0, 2e4))
and custom sweep functions may be used.
julia
ωfunc(t) = cos(t)
-sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => ωfunc)
source
`,13))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("h2",{id:"plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Plotting "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",E,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=e('
julia
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Plot a function f of a time-dependent solution soln of harm_eq.
As a function of time
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
f is parsed by Symbolics.jl
parametric plots
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::Vector{String}, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Parametric plot of f[1] against f[2]
Also callable as plot!
source
',10))]),s[14]||(s[14]=i("h2",{id:"miscellaneous",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Miscellaneous "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#miscellaneous","aria-label":'Permalink to "Miscellaneous"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=i("p",null,"Using a time-dependent simulation can verify solution stability in cases where the Jacobian is too expensive to compute.",-1)),i("details",c,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.is_stable",href:"#HarmonicBalance.is_stable"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.is_stable")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=e(`
julia
is_stable(
+sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => ωfunc)
source
`,13))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("h2",{id:"plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Plotting "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",E,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=e('
julia
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Plot a function f of a time-dependent solution soln of harm_eq.
As a function of time
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
f is parsed by Symbolics.jl
parametric plots
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::Vector{String}, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Parametric plot of f[1] against f[2]
Also callable as plot!
source
',10))]),s[14]||(s[14]=i("h2",{id:"miscellaneous",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Miscellaneous "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#miscellaneous","aria-label":'Permalink to "Miscellaneous"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=i("p",null,"Using a time-dependent simulation can verify solution stability in cases where the Jacobian is too expensive to compute.",-1)),i("details",c,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.is_stable",href:"#HarmonicBalance.is_stable"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.is_stable")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=e(`
julia
is_stable(
     soln::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     eom::HarmonicEquation;
     timespan,
     tol,
     perturb_initial
-)
Numerically investigate the stability of a solution soln of eom within timespan. The initial condition is displaced by perturb_initial.
Return true the solution evolves within tol of the initial value (interpreted as stable).
source
julia
is_stable(
+)
Numerically investigate the stability of a solution soln of eom within timespan. The initial condition is displaced by perturb_initial.
Return true the solution evolves within tol of the initial value (interpreted as stable).
source
julia
is_stable(
     soln::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result;
     kwargs...
-) -> Any
Returns true if the solution soln of the Result res is stable. Stable solutions are real and have all Jacobian eigenvalues Re[λ] <= 0. im_tol : an absolute threshold to distinguish real/complex numbers. rel_tol: Re(λ) considered <=0 if real.(λ) < rel_tol*abs(λmax)
source
`,7))])])}const f=l(o,[["render",g]]);export{v as __pageData,f as default};
+) -> Any
Returns true if the solution soln of the Result res is stable. Stable solutions are real and have all Jacobian eigenvalues Re[λ] <= 0. im_tol : an absolute threshold to distinguish real/complex numbers. rel_tol: Re(λ) considered <=0 if real.(λ) < rel_tol*abs(λmax)
source
`,7))])])}const v=l(o,[["render",g]]);export{f as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.DklFRcLU.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.D8ZMpa-k.lean.js
similarity index 97%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.DklFRcLU.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.D8ZMpa-k.lean.js
index c47bf62d..8f3e185c 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.DklFRcLU.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/manual_time_dependent.md.D8ZMpa-k.lean.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import{_ as l,c as p,a4 as e,j as i,a,G as t,B as h,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const v=JSON.parse('{"title":"Time evolution","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/time_dependent.md","filePath":"manual/time_dependent.md"}'),o={name:"manual/time_dependent.md"},r={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function g(y,s,u,m,b,F){const n=h("Badge");return k(),p("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=e('
Time evolution ​
Generally, solving the ODE of oscillatory systems in time requires numerically tracking the oscillations. This is a computationally expensive process; however, using the harmonic ansatz removes the oscillatory time-dependence. Simulating instead the harmonic variables of a HarmonicEquation is vastly more efficient - a steady state of the system appears as a fixed point in multidimensional space rather than an oscillatory function.
The Extention TimeEvolution is used to interface HarmonicEquation with the solvers contained in OrdinaryDiffEq.jl. Time-dependent parameter sweeps are defined using the object AdiabaticSweep. To use the TimeEvolution extension, one must first load the OrdinaryDiffEq.jl package.
',3)),i("details",r,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}",href:"#SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"SciMLBase.ODEProblem")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
ODEProblem(
+import{_ as l,c as p,a4 as e,j as i,a,G as t,B as h,o as k}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Time evolution","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"manual/time_dependent.md","filePath":"manual/time_dependent.md"}'),o={name:"manual/time_dependent.md"},r={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},d={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},E={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""},c={class:"jldocstring custom-block",open:""};function g(y,s,u,m,b,F){const n=h("Badge");return k(),p("div",null,[s[12]||(s[12]=e('
Time evolution ​
Generally, solving the ODE of oscillatory systems in time requires numerically tracking the oscillations. This is a computationally expensive process; however, using the harmonic ansatz removes the oscillatory time-dependence. Simulating instead the harmonic variables of a HarmonicEquation is vastly more efficient - a steady state of the system appears as a fixed point in multidimensional space rather than an oscillatory function.
The Extention TimeEvolution is used to interface HarmonicEquation with the solvers contained in OrdinaryDiffEq.jl. Time-dependent parameter sweeps are defined using the object AdiabaticSweep. To use the TimeEvolution extension, one must first load the OrdinaryDiffEq.jl package.
',3)),i("details",r,[i("summary",null,[s[0]||(s[0]=i("a",{id:"SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}",href:"#SciMLBase.ODEProblem-Tuple{HarmonicEquation, Any}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"SciMLBase.ODEProblem")],-1)),s[1]||(s[1]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[2]||(s[2]=e(`
julia
ODEProblem(
         eom::HarmonicEquation;
         fixed_parameters,
         u0::Vector,
         sweep::AdiabaticSweep,
         timespan::Tuple
-        )
Creates an ODEProblem object used by OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5.jl from the equations in eom to simulate time-evolution within timespan. fixed_parameters must be a dictionary mapping parameters+variables to numbers (possible to use a solution index, e.g. solutions[x][y] for branch y of solution x). If u0 is specified, it is used as an initial condition; otherwise the values from fixed_parameters are used.
source
`,3))]),i("details",d,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep",href:"#HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=e(`
Represents a sweep of one or more parameters of a HarmonicEquation. During a sweep, the selected parameters vary linearly over some timespan and are constant elsewhere.
Sweeps of different variables can be combined using +.
Fields
  • functions::Dict{Num, Function}: Maps each swept parameter to a function.
Examples
julia
# create a sweep of parameter a from 0 to 1 over time 0 -> 100
+        )
Creates an ODEProblem object used by OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5.jl from the equations in eom to simulate time-evolution within timespan. fixed_parameters must be a dictionary mapping parameters+variables to numbers (possible to use a solution index, e.g. solutions[x][y] for branch y of solution x). If u0 is specified, it is used as an initial condition; otherwise the values from fixed_parameters are used.
source
`,3))]),i("details",d,[i("summary",null,[s[3]||(s[3]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep",href:"#HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep")],-1)),s[4]||(s[4]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlType",text:"Type"})]),s[5]||(s[5]=e(`
Represents a sweep of one or more parameters of a HarmonicEquation. During a sweep, the selected parameters vary linearly over some timespan and are constant elsewhere.
Sweeps of different variables can be combined using +.
Fields
  • functions::Dict{Num, Function}: Maps each swept parameter to a function.
Examples
julia
# create a sweep of parameter a from 0 to 1 over time 0 -> 100
 julia> @variables a,b;
 julia> sweep = AdiabaticSweep(a => [0., 1.], (0, 100));
 julia> sweep[a](50)
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ import{_ as l,c as p,a4 as e,j as i,a,G as t,B as h,o as k}from"./chunks/framewo
 julia> sweep = AdiabaticSweep([a => [0.,1.], b => [0., 1.]], (0,100))
Successive sweeps can be combined,
julia
sweep1 = AdiabaticSweep(ω => [0.95, 1.0], (0, 2e4))
 sweep2 = AdiabaticSweep(λ => [0.05, 0.01], (2e4, 4e4))
 sweep = sweep1 + sweep2
multiple parameters can be swept simultaneously,
julia
sweep = AdiabaticSweep([ω => [0.95;1.0], λ => [5e-2;1e-2]], (0, 2e4))
and custom sweep functions may be used.
julia
ωfunc(t) = cos(t)
-sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => ωfunc)
source
`,13))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("h2",{id:"plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Plotting "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",E,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=e('
julia
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Plot a function f of a time-dependent solution soln of harm_eq.
As a function of time
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
f is parsed by Symbolics.jl
parametric plots
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::Vector{String}, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Parametric plot of f[1] against f[2]
Also callable as plot!
source
',10))]),s[14]||(s[14]=i("h2",{id:"miscellaneous",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Miscellaneous "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#miscellaneous","aria-label":'Permalink to "Miscellaneous"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=i("p",null,"Using a time-dependent simulation can verify solution stability in cases where the Jacobian is too expensive to compute.",-1)),i("details",c,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.is_stable",href:"#HarmonicBalance.is_stable"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.is_stable")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=e(`
julia
is_stable(
+sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => ωfunc)
source
`,13))]),s[13]||(s[13]=i("h2",{id:"plotting",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Plotting "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#plotting","aria-label":'Permalink to "Plotting"'},"​")],-1)),i("details",E,[i("summary",null,[s[6]||(s[6]=i("a",{id:"RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}",href:"#RecipesBase.plot-Tuple{ODESolution, Any, HarmonicEquation}"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"RecipesBase.plot")],-1)),s[7]||(s[7]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlMethod",text:"Method"})]),s[8]||(s[8]=e('
julia
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Plot a function f of a time-dependent solution soln of harm_eq.
As a function of time
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
f is parsed by Symbolics.jl
parametric plots
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::Vector{String}, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)
Parametric plot of f[1] against f[2]
Also callable as plot!
source
',10))]),s[14]||(s[14]=i("h2",{id:"miscellaneous",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Miscellaneous "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#miscellaneous","aria-label":'Permalink to "Miscellaneous"'},"​")],-1)),s[15]||(s[15]=i("p",null,"Using a time-dependent simulation can verify solution stability in cases where the Jacobian is too expensive to compute.",-1)),i("details",c,[i("summary",null,[s[9]||(s[9]=i("a",{id:"HarmonicBalance.is_stable",href:"#HarmonicBalance.is_stable"},[i("span",{class:"jlbinding"},"HarmonicBalance.is_stable")],-1)),s[10]||(s[10]=a()),t(n,{type:"info",class:"jlObjectType jlFunction",text:"Function"})]),s[11]||(s[11]=e(`
julia
is_stable(
     soln::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     eom::HarmonicEquation;
     timespan,
     tol,
     perturb_initial
-)
Numerically investigate the stability of a solution soln of eom within timespan. The initial condition is displaced by perturb_initial.
Return true the solution evolves within tol of the initial value (interpreted as stable).
source
julia
is_stable(
+)
Numerically investigate the stability of a solution soln of eom within timespan. The initial condition is displaced by perturb_initial.
Return true the solution evolves within tol of the initial value (interpreted as stable).
source
julia
is_stable(
     soln::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result;
     kwargs...
-) -> Any
Returns true if the solution soln of the Result res is stable. Stable solutions are real and have all Jacobian eigenvalues Re[λ] <= 0. im_tol : an absolute threshold to distinguish real/complex numbers. rel_tol: Re(λ) considered <=0 if real.(λ) < rel_tol*abs(λmax)
source
`,7))])])}const f=l(o,[["render",g]]);export{v as __pageData,f as default};
+) -> Any
Returns true if the solution soln of the Result res is stable. Stable solutions are real and have all Jacobian eigenvalues Re[λ] <= 0. im_tol : an absolute threshold to distinguish real/complex numbers. rel_tol: Re(λ) considered <=0 if real.(λ) < rel_tol*abs(λmax)
source
`,7))])])}const v=l(o,[["render",g]]);export{f as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/rkshfdy.UTcoxLl5.png b/previews/PR298/assets/nyukexf.UTcoxLl5.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/rkshfdy.UTcoxLl5.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/nyukexf.UTcoxLl5.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.dUyy8yar.png b/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.dUyy8yar.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa08c20f
Binary files /dev/null and b/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.dUyy8yar.png differ
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.Br8cARbP.png b/previews/PR298/assets/omwflhu.Br8cARbP.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.Br8cARbP.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/omwflhu.Br8cARbP.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.B-Cc1T24.png b/previews/PR298/assets/rkshfdy.B-Cc1T24.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/jcitgik.B-Cc1T24.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/rkshfdy.B-Cc1T24.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/rqglgfs.B1eISI2b.png b/previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.B1eISI2b.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/rqglgfs.B1eISI2b.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/rlkrksp.B1eISI2b.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/omwflhu.CY3KP9Dg.png b/previews/PR298/assets/rqglgfs.CY3KP9Dg.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/omwflhu.CY3KP9Dg.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/rqglgfs.CY3KP9Dg.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/nyukexf.CDefs9HS.png b/previews/PR298/assets/sstwmep.CDefs9HS.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/nyukexf.CDefs9HS.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/sstwmep.CDefs9HS.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/efdoffe.BKS8fzbs.png b/previews/PR298/assets/svuullq.BKS8fzbs.png
similarity index 100%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/efdoffe.BKS8fzbs.png
rename to previews/PR298/assets/svuullq.BKS8fzbs.png
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.B6_qaUZm.js b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.PICzRj6v.js
similarity index 68%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.B6_qaUZm.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.PICzRj6v.js
index 25da419c..db53c8d3 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.B6_qaUZm.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.PICzRj6v.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import{_ as T,c as i,a4 as e,j as t,a as s,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const n="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/icvvgjo.B0Aj9aMC.png",Q="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/pdqqpav.B3J9_Und.png",m1=JSON.parse('{"title":"Limit cycles","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/limit_cycles.md","filePath":"tutorials/limit_cycles.md"}'),o={name:"tutorials/limit_cycles.md"},r={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},d={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.871ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1711 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1000","aria-hidden":"true"},s1={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},e1={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.294ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 572 453","aria-hidden":"true"},i1={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},l1={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.097ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 485 454","aria-hidden":"true"};function T1(n1,a,Q1,o1,r1,d1){return l(),i("div",null,[a[103]||(a[103]=e(`
Limit cycles ​
In contrast to the previous tutorials, limit cycle problems feature harmonic(s) whose numerical value is not imposed externally. We shall construct our HarmonicEquation as usual, but identify this harmonic as an extra variable, rather than a fixed parameter.
Non-driven system - the van der Pol oscillator ​
Here we solve the equation of motion of the van der Pol oscillator. This is a single-variable second-order ODE with continuous time-translation symmetry (i.e., no 'clock' imposing a frequency and/or phase), which displays periodic solutions known as relaxation oscillations. For more detail, refer also to arXiv:2308.06092.
julia
using HarmonicBalance
+import{_ as n,c as e,a4 as i,j as t,a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const T="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/icvvgjo.B0Aj9aMC.png",Q="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/pdqqpav.B3J9_Und.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/ddktigp.BsfZD08c.png",o="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/zmnmjvi.CDueNxKm.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.dUyy8yar.png",u1=JSON.parse('{"title":"Limit cycles","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/limit_cycles.md","filePath":"tutorials/limit_cycles.md"}'),d={name:"tutorials/limit_cycles.md"},h={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.871ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1711 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Limit cycles ​
In contrast to the previous tutorials, limit cycle problems feature harmonic(s) whose numerical value is not imposed externally. We shall construct our HarmonicEquation as usual, but identify this harmonic as an extra variable, rather than a fixed parameter.
Non-driven system - the van der Pol oscillator ​
Here we solve the equation of motion of the van der Pol oscillator. This is a single-variable second-order ODE with continuous time-translation symmetry (i.e., no 'clock' imposing a frequency and/or phase), which displays periodic solutions known as relaxation oscillations. For more detail, refer also to arXiv:2308.06092.
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables ω_lc, t, ω0, x(t), μ
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(d(x,t),t) - μ*(1-x^2) * d(x,t) + x, x)
System of 1 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   
 
-x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) - (1 - (x(t)^2))*Differential(t)(x(t))*μ ~ 0
`,6)),t("p",null,[a[8]||(a[8]=s("Choosing to expand the motion of ")),t("mjx-container",r,[(l(),i("svg",d,a[0]||(a[0]=[e('',1)]))),a[1]||(a[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[9]||(a[9]=s(" using ")),t("mjx-container",p,[(l(),i("svg",m,a[2]||(a[2]=[e('',1)]))),a[3]||(a[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[10]||(a[10]=s(", ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(l(),i("svg",u,a[4]||(a[4]=[e('',1)]))),a[5]||(a[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"3"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[11]||(a[11]=s(" and ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(l(),i("svg",c,a[6]||(a[6]=[e('',1)]))),a[7]||(a[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"5"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[12]||(a[12]=s(", we define"))]),a[104]||(a[104]=e(`
julia
foreach(1:2:5) do i
+x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) - (1 - (x(t)^2))*Differential(t)(x(t))*μ ~ 0
`,6)),t("p",null,[s[8]||(s[8]=a("Choosing to expand the motion of ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(l(),e("svg",m,s[0]||(s[0]=[i('',1)]))),s[1]||(s[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[9]||(s[9]=a(" using ")),t("mjx-container",k,[(l(),e("svg",u,s[2]||(s[2]=[i('',1)]))),s[3]||(s[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[10]||(s[10]=a(", ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(l(),e("svg",c,s[4]||(s[4]=[i('',1)]))),s[5]||(s[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"3"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[11]||(s[11]=a(" and ")),t("mjx-container",f,[(l(),e("svg",y,s[6]||(s[6]=[i('',1)]))),s[7]||(s[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"5"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[12]||(s[12]=a(", we define"))]),s[104]||(s[104]=i(`
julia
foreach(1:2:5) do i
   add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, i*ω_lc)
 end;
and obtain 6 harmonic equations,
julia
harmonic_eq = get_harmonic_equations(diff_eq)
A set of 6 harmonic equations
 Variables: u1(T), v1(T), u2(T), v2(T), u3(T), v3(T)
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ import{_ as T,c as i,a4 as e,j as t,a as s,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxh
 
 u3(T) - Differential(T)(u3(T))*μ + (10//1)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*ω_lc - (5//1)*v3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (25//1)*u3(T)*(ω_lc^2) + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*μ + (1//4)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ - (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*μ - (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + u1(T)*u3(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(v3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(v1(T)^2)*μ + (3//4)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(u3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*v3(T)*u3(T)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*u2(T)*μ + Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*u3(T)*μ - (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ - (1//4)*(v2(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ - (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + v2(T)*u3(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//4)*(v1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*v1(T)*u2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + Differential(T)(u2(T))*u3(T)*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (5//2)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v3(T)^3)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*v3(T)*(u3(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*v2(T)*(v1(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc ~ 0
 
-v3(T) - (10//1)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*ω_lc - Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ - (25//1)*v3(T)*(ω_lc^2) + (5//1)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ + (1//4)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + u1(T)*v3(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*u2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*v3(T)*u3(T)*μ + (3//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v1(T)^2)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*μ + v3(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ - (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ - (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (1//4)*(v1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (5//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(v3(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u3(T)^3)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc ~ 0
`,4)),t("p",null,[a[15]||(a[15]=s("So far, ")),t("mjx-container",k,[(l(),i("svg",f,a[13]||(a[13]=[e('',1)]))),a[14]||(a[14]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[16]||(a[16]=s(" appears as any other harmonic. However, it is not fixed by any external drive or 'clock', instead, it emerges out of a Hopf instability in the system. We can verify that fixing ")),a[17]||(a[17]=t("code",null,"ω_lc",-1)),a[18]||(a[18]=s(" and calling ")),a[19]||(a[19]=t("code",null,"get_steady_states",-1)),a[20]||(a[20]=s("."))]),a[105]||(a[105]=e('
julia
get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, ω_lc => 1.2)
gives a single solution with zero amplitude.
',2)),t("p",null,[a[23]||(a[23]=s("Taking instead ")),t("mjx-container",v,[(l(),i("svg",x,a[21]||(a[21]=[e('',1)]))),a[22]||(a[22]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[24]||(a[24]=s(" as a variable to be solved for ")),a[25]||(a[25]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#limit_cycles_bg"},"results in a phase freedom",-1)),a[26]||(a[26]=s(", implying an infinite number of solutions. To perform the ")),a[27]||(a[27]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#gauge_fixing"},"gauge-fixing procedure",-1)),a[28]||(a[28]=s(", we call ")),a[29]||(a[29]=t("code",null,"get_limit_cycles",-1)),a[30]||(a[30]=s(", marking the limit cycle harmonic as a keyword argument,"))]),a[106]||(a[106]=e(`
julia
result = get_limit_cycles(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, (), ω_lc)
A steady state result for 41 parameter points
+v3(T) - (10//1)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*ω_lc - Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ - (25//1)*v3(T)*(ω_lc^2) + (5//1)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ + (1//4)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + u1(T)*v3(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*u2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*v3(T)*u3(T)*μ + (3//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v1(T)^2)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*μ + v3(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ - (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ - (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (1//4)*(v1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (5//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(v3(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u3(T)^3)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc ~ 0
`,4)),t("p",null,[s[15]||(s[15]=a("So far, ")),t("mjx-container",v,[(l(),e("svg",x,s[13]||(s[13]=[i('',1)]))),s[14]||(s[14]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[16]||(s[16]=a(" appears as any other harmonic. However, it is not fixed by any external drive or 'clock', instead, it emerges out of a Hopf instability in the system. We can verify that fixing ")),s[17]||(s[17]=t("code",null,"ω_lc",-1)),s[18]||(s[18]=a(" and calling ")),s[19]||(s[19]=t("code",null,"get_steady_states",-1)),s[20]||(s[20]=a("."))]),s[105]||(s[105]=i('
julia
get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, ω_lc => 1.2)
gives a single solution with zero amplitude.
',2)),t("p",null,[s[23]||(s[23]=a("Taking instead ")),t("mjx-container",w,[(l(),e("svg",E,s[21]||(s[21]=[i('',1)]))),s[22]||(s[22]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[24]||(s[24]=a(" as a variable to be solved for ")),s[25]||(s[25]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#limit_cycles_bg"},"results in a phase freedom",-1)),s[26]||(s[26]=a(", implying an infinite number of solutions. To perform the ")),s[27]||(s[27]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#gauge_fixing"},"gauge-fixing procedure",-1)),s[28]||(s[28]=a(", we call ")),s[29]||(s[29]=t("code",null,"get_limit_cycles",-1)),s[30]||(s[30]=a(", marking the limit cycle harmonic as a keyword argument,"))]),s[106]||(s[106]=i(`
julia
result = get_limit_cycles(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, (), ω_lc)
A steady state result for 41 parameter points
 
 Solution branches:   100
    of which real:    4
    of which stable:  4
 
-Classes: unique_cycle, stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
The results show a fourfold degeneracy of solutions:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc")
The automatically created solution class unique_cycle filters the degeneracy out:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc", class="unique_cycle")
Driven system - coupled Duffings ​
So far, we have largely focused on finding and analysing steady states, i.e., fixed points of the harmonic equations, which satisfy
',10)),t("mjx-container",w,[(l(),i("svg",y,a[31]||(a[31]=[e('',1)]))),a[32]||(a[32]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mfrac",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"T")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0"},[t("mspace",{width:"0.167em"})]),t("mo",null,".")])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[37]||(a[37]=s("Fixed points are however merely a subset of possible solutions of Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} – strictly speaking, solutions where ")),t("mjx-container",H,[(l(),i("svg",b,a[33]||(a[33]=[e('',1)]))),a[34]||(a[34]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[38]||(a[38]=s(" remains time-dependent are allowed. These are quite unusual, since ")),t("mjx-container",D,[(l(),i("svg",E,a[35]||(a[35]=[e('',1)]))),a[36]||(a[36]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[39]||(a[39]=s()),a[40]||(a[40]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/harmonic_balance#intro_hb"},"is by construction time-independent",-1)),a[41]||(a[41]=s(" and Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} thus possesses ")),a[42]||(a[42]=t("em",null,"continuous time-translation symmetry",-1)),a[43]||(a[43]=s(". The appearance of explicitly time-dependent solutions then consitutes spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking."))]),t("p",null,[a[46]||(a[46]=s("Such solutions, known as ")),a[47]||(a[47]=t("em",null,"limit cycles",-1)),a[48]||(a[48]=s(", typically appear as closed periodic trajectories of the harmonic variables ")),t("mjx-container",M,[(l(),i("svg",L,a[44]||(a[44]=[e('',1)]))),a[45]||(a[45]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[49]||(a[49]=s(". The simplest way to numerically characterise them is a time-dependent simulation, using a steady-state diagram as a guide."))]),t("p",null,[a[54]||(a[54]=s("Here we reconstruct the results of ")),a[55]||(a[55]=t("a",{href:"https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023526",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Zambon et al., Phys Rev. A 102, 023526 (2020)",-1)),a[56]||(a[56]=s(", where limit cycles are shown to appear in a system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this problem, two oscillators ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(l(),i("svg",Z,a[50]||(a[50]=[e('',1)]))),a[51]||(a[51]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")])])],-1))]),a[57]||(a[57]=s(" and ")),t("mjx-container",F,[(l(),i("svg",C,a[52]||(a[52]=[e('',1)]))),a[53]||(a[53]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")])])],-1))]),a[58]||(a[58]=s(", have (the same) damping and Kerr nonlinearity and are linearly coupled,"))]),t("mjx-container",j,[(l(),i("svg",B,a[59]||(a[59]=[e('',1)]))),a[60]||(a[60]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mtable",{displaystyle:"true",columnalign:"right left",columnspacing:"0em",rowspacing:"3pt"},[t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])]),t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"η"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])])])],-1))]),a[107]||(a[107]=e(`
julia
using HarmonicBalance
+Classes: unique_cycle, stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
The results show a fourfold degeneracy of solutions:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc")
The automatically created solution class unique_cycle filters the degeneracy out:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc", class="unique_cycle")
Driven system - coupled Duffings ​
So far, we have largely focused on finding and analysing steady states, i.e., fixed points of the harmonic equations, which satisfy
',10)),t("mjx-container",H,[(l(),e("svg",D,s[31]||(s[31]=[i('',1)]))),s[32]||(s[32]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mfrac",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"T")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0"},[t("mspace",{width:"0.167em"})]),t("mo",null,".")])],-1))]),t("p",null,[s[37]||(s[37]=a("Fixed points are however merely a subset of possible solutions of Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} – strictly speaking, solutions where ")),t("mjx-container",b,[(l(),e("svg",F,s[33]||(s[33]=[i('',1)]))),s[34]||(s[34]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[38]||(s[38]=a(" remains time-dependent are allowed. These are quite unusual, since ")),t("mjx-container",M,[(l(),e("svg",L,s[35]||(s[35]=[i('',1)]))),s[36]||(s[36]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[39]||(s[39]=a()),s[40]||(s[40]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/harmonic_balance#intro_hb"},"is by construction time-independent",-1)),s[41]||(s[41]=a(" and Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} thus possesses ")),s[42]||(s[42]=t("em",null,"continuous time-translation symmetry",-1)),s[43]||(s[43]=a(". The appearance of explicitly time-dependent solutions then consitutes spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking."))]),t("p",null,[s[46]||(s[46]=a("Such solutions, known as ")),s[47]||(s[47]=t("em",null,"limit cycles",-1)),s[48]||(s[48]=a(", typically appear as closed periodic trajectories of the harmonic variables ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(l(),e("svg",C,s[44]||(s[44]=[i('',1)]))),s[45]||(s[45]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[49]||(s[49]=a(". The simplest way to numerically characterise them is a time-dependent simulation, using a steady-state diagram as a guide."))]),t("p",null,[s[54]||(s[54]=a("Here we reconstruct the results of ")),s[55]||(s[55]=t("a",{href:"https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023526",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Zambon et al., Phys Rev. A 102, 023526 (2020)",-1)),s[56]||(s[56]=a(", where limit cycles are shown to appear in a system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this problem, two oscillators ")),t("mjx-container",Z,[(l(),e("svg",j,s[50]||(s[50]=[i('',1)]))),s[51]||(s[51]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")])])],-1))]),s[57]||(s[57]=a(" and ")),t("mjx-container",B,[(l(),e("svg",A,s[52]||(s[52]=[i('',1)]))),s[53]||(s[53]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")])])],-1))]),s[58]||(s[58]=a(", have (the same) damping and Kerr nonlinearity and are linearly coupled,"))]),t("mjx-container",_,[(l(),e("svg",q,s[59]||(s[59]=[i('',1)]))),s[60]||(s[60]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mtable",{displaystyle:"true",columnalign:"right left",columnspacing:"0em",rowspacing:"3pt"},[t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])]),t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"η"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])])])],-1))]),s[107]||(s[107]=i(`
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables γ F α ω0 F0 η ω J t x(t) y(t);
-eqs = [d(x,t,2) + γ*d(x,t) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3+ 2*J*ω0*(x-y) - F0*cos(ω*t),
-       d(y,t,2) + γ * d(y,t) + ω0^2 * y + α*y^3 + 2*J*ω0*(y-x) - η*F0*cos(ω*t)]
+eqs = [d(x,t,2) + γ*d(x,t) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3 + 2*J*ω0*(x-y) - F0*cos(ω*t),
+       d(y,t,2) + γ*d(y,t) + ω0^2*y + α*y^3 + 2*J*ω0*(y-x) - η*F0*cos(ω*t)]
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(eqs, [x,y])
System of 2 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t), y(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   y(t) => ;   
 
 Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) - F0*cos(t*ω) + Differential(t)(x(t))*γ + 2J*(x(t) - y(t))*ω0 + x(t)*(ω0^2) + (x(t)^3)*α ~ 0
-Differential(t)(Differential(t)(y(t))) + Differential(t)(y(t))*γ - F0*cos(t*ω)*η + 2J*(-x(t) + y(t))*ω0 + y(t)*(ω0^2) + (y(t)^3)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[a[65]||(a[65]=s("The analysis of Zambon et al. uses a frame rotating at the pump frequency ")),t("mjx-container",A,[(l(),i("svg",q,a[61]||(a[61]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[62]||(a[62]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[66]||(a[66]=s(" to describe both oscillators. For us, this means we expand both modes using ")),t("mjx-container",_,[(l(),i("svg",J,a[63]||(a[63]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[64]||(a[64]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[67]||(a[67]=s(" to obtain the harmonic equations."))]),a[108]||(a[108]=e(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω)
+Differential(t)(Differential(t)(y(t))) + Differential(t)(y(t))*γ - F0*cos(t*ω)*η + 2J*(-x(t) + y(t))*ω0 + y(t)*(ω0^2) + (y(t)^3)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[s[65]||(s[65]=a("The analysis of Zambon et al. uses a frame rotating at the pump frequency ")),t("mjx-container",R,[(l(),e("svg",J,s[61]||(s[61]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[62]||(s[62]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),s[66]||(s[66]=a(" to describe both oscillators. For us, this means we expand both modes using ")),t("mjx-container",O,[(l(),e("svg",S,s[63]||(s[63]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[64]||(s[64]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),s[67]||(s[67]=a(" to obtain the harmonic equations."))]),s[108]||(s[108]=i(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω)
 add_harmonic!(diff_eq, y, ω)
 
 harmonic_eq = get_harmonic_equations(diff_eq)
A set of 4 harmonic equations
@@ -59,28 +59,32 @@ import{_ as T,c as i,a4 as e,j as t,a as s,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxh
 
 -F0*η + Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (2//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω - (2//1)*J*u1(T)*ω0 + (2//1)*J*u2(T)*ω0 + v2(T)*γ*ω - u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0
 
--(2//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ + (2//1)*J*v2(T)*ω0 - (2//1)*J*v1(T)*ω0 - v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[a[70]||(a[70]=s("Solving for a range of drive amplitudes ")),t("mjx-container",R,[(l(),i("svg",O,a[68]||(a[68]=[e('',1)]))),a[69]||(a[69]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[71]||(a[71]=s(","))]),a[109]||(a[109]=e(`
@example
fixed = (
-    ω0 => 1.4504859, # natural frequency of separate modes (in paper's notation, ħω0 - J)
-    γ => 27.4e-6,    # damping
-    J => 154.1e-6,   # coupling term
-    α => 3.867e-7,   # Kerr nonlinearity
-    ω => 1.4507941,  # pump frequency, resonant with antisymmetric mode (in paper, ħω0 + J)
-    η => -0.08,      # pumping leaking to site 2  (F2 = ηF1)
-    F0 => 0.002       # pump amplitude (overriden in sweeps)
-)
-varied = F0 => range(0.002, 0.03, 50)
-
-result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
Let us first see the steady states.
@example
p1 = plot(result, "u1^2 + v1^2", legend=false)
-p2 = plot(result, "u2^2 + v2^2")
-plot(p1, p2)
`,3)),t("p",null,[a[78]||(a[78]=s("According to Zambon et al., a limit cycle solution exists around ")),t("mjx-container",S,[(l(),i("svg",z,a[72]||(a[72]=[e('',1)]))),a[73]||(a[73]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.011")])],-1))]),a[79]||(a[79]=s(", which can be accessed by a jump from branch 1 in an upwards sweep of ")),t("mjx-container",G,[(l(),i("svg",P,a[74]||(a[74]=[e('',1)]))),a[75]||(a[75]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[80]||(a[80]=s(". Since a limit cycle is not a steady state of our harmonic equations, it does not appear in the diagram. We do however see that branch 1 ceases to be stable around ")),t("mjx-container",X,[(l(),i("svg",N,a[76]||(a[76]=[e('',1)]))),a[77]||(a[77]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.010")])],-1))]),a[81]||(a[81]=s(", meaning a jump should occur."))]),t("p",null,[a[86]||(a[86]=s("Let us try and simulate the limit cycle. We could in principle run a time-dependent simulation with a fixed value of ")),t("mjx-container",I,[(l(),i("svg",W,a[82]||(a[82]=[e('',1)]))),a[83]||(a[83]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[87]||(a[87]=s(", but this would require a suitable initial condition. Instead, we will sweep ")),t("mjx-container",$,[(l(),i("svg",K,a[84]||(a[84]=[e('',1)]))),a[85]||(a[85]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[88]||(a[88]=s(" upwards from a low starting value. To observe the dynamics just after the jump has occurred, we follow the sweep by a time interval where the system evolves under fixed parameters."))]),a[110]||(a[110]=e(`
@example
using OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5
-initial_state = result[1][1]
-
-T = 2e6
-sweep = AdiabaticSweep(F0 => (0.002, 0.011), (0,T))
-
-# start from initial_state, use sweep, total time is 2*T
-time_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, initial_state, sweep=sweep, timespan=(0,2*T))
-time_evo = solve(time_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100);
-nothing # hide
Inspecting the amplitude as a function of time,
@example
plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)
`,3)),t("p",null,[a[93]||(a[93]=s("we see that initially the sweep is adiabatic as it proceeds along the steady-state branch 1. At around ")),t("mjx-container",U,[(l(),i("svg",Y,a[89]||(a[89]=[e('',1)]))),a[90]||(a[90]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"e"),t("mn",null,"6")])],-1))]),a[94]||(a[94]=s(", an instability occurs and ")),t("mjx-container",t1,[(l(),i("svg",a1,a[91]||(a[91]=[e('',1)]))),a[92]||(a[92]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"u"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[95]||(a[95]=s(" starts to rapidly oscillate. At that point, the sweep is stopped. Under free time evolution, the system then settles into a limit-cycle solution where the coordinates move along closed trajectories."))]),t("p",null,[a[100]||(a[100]=s("By plotting the ")),t("mjx-container",s1,[(l(),i("svg",e1,a[96]||(a[96]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D462",d:"M21 287Q21 295 30 318T55 370T99 420T158 442Q204 442 227 417T250 358Q250 340 216 246T182 105Q182 62 196 45T238 27T291 44T328 78L339 95Q341 99 377 247Q407 367 413 387T427 416Q444 431 463 431Q480 431 488 421T496 402L420 84Q419 79 419 68Q419 43 426 35T447 26Q469 29 482 57T512 145Q514 153 532 153Q551 153 551 144Q550 139 549 130T540 98T523 55T498 17T462 -8Q454 -10 438 -10Q372 -10 347 46Q345 45 336 36T318 21T296 6T267 -6T233 -11Q189 -11 155 7Q103 38 103 113Q103 170 138 262T173 379Q173 380 173 381Q173 390 173 393T169 400T158 404H154Q131 404 112 385T82 344T65 302T57 280Q55 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[97]||(a[97]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"u")])],-1))]),a[101]||(a[101]=s(" and ")),t("mjx-container",i1,[(l(),i("svg",l1,a[98]||(a[98]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D463",d:"M173 380Q173 405 154 405Q130 405 104 376T61 287Q60 286 59 284T58 281T56 279T53 278T49 278T41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Q21 294 29 316T53 368T97 419T160 441Q202 441 225 417T249 361Q249 344 246 335Q246 329 231 291T200 202T182 113Q182 86 187 69Q200 26 250 26Q287 26 319 60T369 139T398 222T409 277Q409 300 401 317T383 343T365 361T357 383Q357 405 376 424T417 443Q436 443 451 425T467 367Q467 340 455 284T418 159T347 40T241 -11Q177 -11 139 22Q102 54 102 117Q102 148 110 181T151 298Q173 362 173 380Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[99]||(a[99]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"v")])],-1))]),a[102]||(a[102]=s(" variables against each other, we observe the limit cycle shapes in phase space,"))]),a[111]||(a[111]=e(`
@example
p1 = plot(time_evo, ["u1", "v1"], harmonic_eq)
-p2 = plot(time_evo, ["u2", "v2"], harmonic_eq)
-plot(p1, p2)
`,1))])}const h1=T(o,[["render",T1]]);export{m1 as __pageData,h1 as default};
+-(2//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ + (2//1)*J*v2(T)*ω0 - (2//1)*J*v1(T)*ω0 - v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[s[70]||(s[70]=a("Solving for a range of drive amplitudes ")),t("mjx-container",z,[(l(),e("svg",P,s[68]||(s[68]=[i('',1)]))),s[69]||(s[69]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[71]||(s[71]=a(","))]),s[109]||(s[109]=i(`
julia
fixed = (
+    ω0 => 1.4504859, # natural frequency of separate modes (in paper's notation, ħω0 - J)
+    γ => 27.4e-6,    # damping
+    J => 154.1e-6,   # coupling term
+    α => 3.867e-7,   # Kerr nonlinearity
+    ω => 1.4507941,  # pump frequency, resonant with antisymmetric mode (in paper, ħω0 + J)
+    η => -0.08     # pumping leaking to site 2  (F2 = ηF1)
+)
+varied = F0 => range(0.002, 0.03, 50)
+
+result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
A steady state result for 50 parameter points
+
+Solution branches:   9
+   of which real:    3
+   of which stable:  2
+
+Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
Let us first see the steady states.
julia
p1 = plot(result, "u1^2 + v1^2", legend=false)
+p2 = plot(result, "u2^2 + v2^2")
+plot(p1, p2)
',5)),t("p",null,[s[78]||(s[78]=a("According to Zambon et al., a limit cycle solution exists around ")),t("mjx-container",G,[(l(),e("svg",X,s[72]||(s[72]=[i('',1)]))),s[73]||(s[73]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.011")])],-1))]),s[79]||(s[79]=a(", which can be accessed by a jump from branch 1 in an upwards sweep of ")),t("mjx-container",N,[(l(),e("svg",I,s[74]||(s[74]=[i('',1)]))),s[75]||(s[75]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[80]||(s[80]=a(". Since a limit cycle is not a steady state of our harmonic equations, it does not appear in the diagram. We do however see that branch 1 ceases to be stable around ")),t("mjx-container",W,[(l(),e("svg",$,s[76]||(s[76]=[i('',1)]))),s[77]||(s[77]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.010")])],-1))]),s[81]||(s[81]=a(", meaning a jump should occur."))]),t("p",null,[s[86]||(s[86]=a("Let us try and simulate the limit cycle. We could in principle run a time-dependent simulation with a fixed value of ")),t("mjx-container",K,[(l(),e("svg",U,s[82]||(s[82]=[i('',1)]))),s[83]||(s[83]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[87]||(s[87]=a(", but this would require a suitable initial condition. Instead, we will sweep ")),t("mjx-container",Y,[(l(),e("svg",t1,s[84]||(s[84]=[i('',1)]))),s[85]||(s[85]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[88]||(s[88]=a(" upwards from a low starting value. To observe the dynamics just after the jump has occurred, we follow the sweep by a time interval where the system evolves under fixed parameters."))]),s[110]||(s[110]=i(`
julia
using OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5
+initial_state = result[1][1]
+
+T = 2e6
+sweep = AdiabaticSweep(F0 => (0.002, 0.011), (0,T))
+
+# start from initial_state, use sweep, total time is 2*T
+time_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, initial_state, sweep=sweep, timespan=(0,2*T))
+time_evo = solve(time_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100);
Inspecting the amplitude as a function of time,
julia
plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)
',4)),t("p",null,[s[93]||(s[93]=a("we see that initially the sweep is adiabatic as it proceeds along the steady-state branch 1. At around ")),t("mjx-container",s1,[(l(),e("svg",a1,s[89]||(s[89]=[i('',1)]))),s[90]||(s[90]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"e"),t("mn",null,"6")])],-1))]),s[94]||(s[94]=a(", an instability occurs and ")),t("mjx-container",i1,[(l(),e("svg",e1,s[91]||(s[91]=[i('',1)]))),s[92]||(s[92]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"u"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[95]||(s[95]=a(" starts to rapidly oscillate. At that point, the sweep is stopped. Under free time evolution, the system then settles into a limit-cycle solution where the coordinates move along closed trajectories."))]),t("p",null,[s[100]||(s[100]=a("By plotting the ")),t("mjx-container",l1,[(l(),e("svg",n1,s[96]||(s[96]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D462",d:"M21 287Q21 295 30 318T55 370T99 420T158 442Q204 442 227 417T250 358Q250 340 216 246T182 105Q182 62 196 45T238 27T291 44T328 78L339 95Q341 99 377 247Q407 367 413 387T427 416Q444 431 463 431Q480 431 488 421T496 402L420 84Q419 79 419 68Q419 43 426 35T447 26Q469 29 482 57T512 145Q514 153 532 153Q551 153 551 144Q550 139 549 130T540 98T523 55T498 17T462 -8Q454 -10 438 -10Q372 -10 347 46Q345 45 336 36T318 21T296 6T267 -6T233 -11Q189 -11 155 7Q103 38 103 113Q103 170 138 262T173 379Q173 380 173 381Q173 390 173 393T169 400T158 404H154Q131 404 112 385T82 344T65 302T57 280Q55 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[97]||(s[97]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"u")])],-1))]),s[101]||(s[101]=a(" and ")),t("mjx-container",T1,[(l(),e("svg",Q1,s[98]||(s[98]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D463",d:"M173 380Q173 405 154 405Q130 405 104 376T61 287Q60 286 59 284T58 281T56 279T53 278T49 278T41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Q21 294 29 316T53 368T97 419T160 441Q202 441 225 417T249 361Q249 344 246 335Q246 329 231 291T200 202T182 113Q182 86 187 69Q200 26 250 26Q287 26 319 60T369 139T398 222T409 277Q409 300 401 317T383 343T365 361T357 383Q357 405 376 424T417 443Q436 443 451 425T467 367Q467 340 455 284T418 159T347 40T241 -11Q177 -11 139 22Q102 54 102 117Q102 148 110 181T151 298Q173 362 173 380Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[99]||(s[99]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"v")])],-1))]),s[102]||(s[102]=a(" variables against each other, we observe the limit cycle shapes in phase space,"))]),s[111]||(s[111]=i(`
julia
p1 = plot(time_evo, ["u1", "v1"], harmonic_eq)
+p2 = plot(time_evo, ["u2", "v2"], harmonic_eq)
+plot(p1, p2)
',2))])}const g1=n(d,[["render",r1]]);export{u1 as __pageData,g1 as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.B6_qaUZm.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.PICzRj6v.lean.js
similarity index 68%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.B6_qaUZm.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.PICzRj6v.lean.js
index 25da419c..db53c8d3 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.B6_qaUZm.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_limit_cycles.md.PICzRj6v.lean.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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Limit cycles ​
In contrast to the previous tutorials, limit cycle problems feature harmonic(s) whose numerical value is not imposed externally. We shall construct our HarmonicEquation as usual, but identify this harmonic as an extra variable, rather than a fixed parameter.
Non-driven system - the van der Pol oscillator ​
Here we solve the equation of motion of the van der Pol oscillator. This is a single-variable second-order ODE with continuous time-translation symmetry (i.e., no 'clock' imposing a frequency and/or phase), which displays periodic solutions known as relaxation oscillations. For more detail, refer also to arXiv:2308.06092.
julia
using HarmonicBalance
+import{_ as n,c as e,a4 as i,j as t,a,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const T="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/icvvgjo.B0Aj9aMC.png",Q="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/pdqqpav.B3J9_Und.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/ddktigp.BsfZD08c.png",o="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/zmnmjvi.CDueNxKm.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/olopefk.dUyy8yar.png",u1=JSON.parse('{"title":"Limit cycles","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/limit_cycles.md","filePath":"tutorials/limit_cycles.md"}'),d={name:"tutorials/limit_cycles.md"},h={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.566ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"3.871ex",height:"2.262ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -750 1711 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1000","aria-hidden":"true"},l1={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},n1={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.294ex",height:"1.025ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -442 572 453","aria-hidden":"true"},T1={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},Q1={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.097ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 485 454","aria-hidden":"true"};function r1(o1,s,p1,d1,h1,m1){return l(),e("div",null,[s[103]||(s[103]=i(`
Limit cycles ​
In contrast to the previous tutorials, limit cycle problems feature harmonic(s) whose numerical value is not imposed externally. We shall construct our HarmonicEquation as usual, but identify this harmonic as an extra variable, rather than a fixed parameter.
Non-driven system - the van der Pol oscillator ​
Here we solve the equation of motion of the van der Pol oscillator. This is a single-variable second-order ODE with continuous time-translation symmetry (i.e., no 'clock' imposing a frequency and/or phase), which displays periodic solutions known as relaxation oscillations. For more detail, refer also to arXiv:2308.06092.
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables ω_lc, t, ω0, x(t), μ
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(d(x,t),t) - μ*(1-x^2) * d(x,t) + x, x)
System of 1 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   
 
-x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) - (1 - (x(t)^2))*Differential(t)(x(t))*μ ~ 0
`,6)),t("p",null,[a[8]||(a[8]=s("Choosing to expand the motion of ")),t("mjx-container",r,[(l(),i("svg",d,a[0]||(a[0]=[e('',1)]))),a[1]||(a[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[9]||(a[9]=s(" using ")),t("mjx-container",p,[(l(),i("svg",m,a[2]||(a[2]=[e('',1)]))),a[3]||(a[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[10]||(a[10]=s(", ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(l(),i("svg",u,a[4]||(a[4]=[e('',1)]))),a[5]||(a[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"3"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[11]||(a[11]=s(" and ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(l(),i("svg",c,a[6]||(a[6]=[e('',1)]))),a[7]||(a[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"5"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[12]||(a[12]=s(", we define"))]),a[104]||(a[104]=e(`
julia
foreach(1:2:5) do i
+x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) - (1 - (x(t)^2))*Differential(t)(x(t))*μ ~ 0
`,6)),t("p",null,[s[8]||(s[8]=a("Choosing to expand the motion of ")),t("mjx-container",h,[(l(),e("svg",m,s[0]||(s[0]=[i('',1)]))),s[1]||(s[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[9]||(s[9]=a(" using ")),t("mjx-container",k,[(l(),e("svg",u,s[2]||(s[2]=[i('',1)]))),s[3]||(s[3]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[10]||(s[10]=a(", ")),t("mjx-container",g,[(l(),e("svg",c,s[4]||(s[4]=[i('',1)]))),s[5]||(s[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"3"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[11]||(s[11]=a(" and ")),t("mjx-container",f,[(l(),e("svg",y,s[6]||(s[6]=[i('',1)]))),s[7]||(s[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mn",null,"5"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[12]||(s[12]=a(", we define"))]),s[104]||(s[104]=i(`
julia
foreach(1:2:5) do i
   add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, i*ω_lc)
 end;
and obtain 6 harmonic equations,
julia
harmonic_eq = get_harmonic_equations(diff_eq)
A set of 6 harmonic equations
 Variables: u1(T), v1(T), u2(T), v2(T), u3(T), v3(T)
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ import{_ as T,c as i,a4 as e,j as t,a as s,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxh
 
 u3(T) - Differential(T)(u3(T))*μ + (10//1)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*ω_lc - (5//1)*v3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (25//1)*u3(T)*(ω_lc^2) + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*μ + (1//4)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ - (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*μ - (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + u1(T)*u3(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(v3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(v1(T)^2)*μ + (3//4)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(u3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*v3(T)*u3(T)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*u2(T)*μ + Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*u3(T)*μ - (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ - (1//4)*(v2(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ - (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + v2(T)*u3(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//4)*(v1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*v1(T)*u2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + Differential(T)(u2(T))*u3(T)*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (5//2)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v3(T)^3)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*v3(T)*(u3(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*v2(T)*(v1(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc ~ 0
 
-v3(T) - (10//1)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*ω_lc - Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ - (25//1)*v3(T)*(ω_lc^2) + (5//1)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ + (1//4)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + u1(T)*v3(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*u2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*v3(T)*u3(T)*μ + (3//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v1(T)^2)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*μ + v3(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ - (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ - (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (1//4)*(v1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (5//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(v3(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u3(T)^3)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc ~ 0
`,4)),t("p",null,[a[15]||(a[15]=s("So far, ")),t("mjx-container",k,[(l(),i("svg",f,a[13]||(a[13]=[e('',1)]))),a[14]||(a[14]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[16]||(a[16]=s(" appears as any other harmonic. However, it is not fixed by any external drive or 'clock', instead, it emerges out of a Hopf instability in the system. We can verify that fixing ")),a[17]||(a[17]=t("code",null,"ω_lc",-1)),a[18]||(a[18]=s(" and calling ")),a[19]||(a[19]=t("code",null,"get_steady_states",-1)),a[20]||(a[20]=s("."))]),a[105]||(a[105]=e('
julia
get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, ω_lc => 1.2)
gives a single solution with zero amplitude.
',2)),t("p",null,[a[23]||(a[23]=s("Taking instead ")),t("mjx-container",v,[(l(),i("svg",x,a[21]||(a[21]=[e('',1)]))),a[22]||(a[22]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),a[24]||(a[24]=s(" as a variable to be solved for ")),a[25]||(a[25]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#limit_cycles_bg"},"results in a phase freedom",-1)),a[26]||(a[26]=s(", implying an infinite number of solutions. To perform the ")),a[27]||(a[27]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#gauge_fixing"},"gauge-fixing procedure",-1)),a[28]||(a[28]=s(", we call ")),a[29]||(a[29]=t("code",null,"get_limit_cycles",-1)),a[30]||(a[30]=s(", marking the limit cycle harmonic as a keyword argument,"))]),a[106]||(a[106]=e(`
julia
result = get_limit_cycles(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, (), ω_lc)
A steady state result for 41 parameter points
+v3(T) - (10//1)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*ω_lc - Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ - (25//1)*v3(T)*(ω_lc^2) + (5//1)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*μ + (1//4)*(u1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + u1(T)*v3(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*μ + (1//2)*u1(T)*u2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(u3(T))*v3(T)*u3(T)*μ + (3//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(v1(T)^2)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u3(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*Differential(T)(v3(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v1(T)*μ + v3(T)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + v3(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(v2(T)^2)*μ - (1//2)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ - (1//4)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*(u2(T)^2)*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ + (1//2)*v2(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (1//4)*(v1(T)^2)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*μ - (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*u2(T)*μ + (1//2)*v1(T)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*u2(T)*μ - (5//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc + (5//2)*u1(T)*v2(T)*v1(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(v3(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*μ*ω_lc + (5//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*μ*ω_lc - (5//4)*(u3(T)^3)*μ*ω_lc - (5//2)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*μ*ω_lc ~ 0
`,4)),t("p",null,[s[15]||(s[15]=a("So far, ")),t("mjx-container",v,[(l(),e("svg",x,s[13]||(s[13]=[i('',1)]))),s[14]||(s[14]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[16]||(s[16]=a(" appears as any other harmonic. However, it is not fixed by any external drive or 'clock', instead, it emerges out of a Hopf instability in the system. We can verify that fixing ")),s[17]||(s[17]=t("code",null,"ω_lc",-1)),s[18]||(s[18]=a(" and calling ")),s[19]||(s[19]=t("code",null,"get_steady_states",-1)),s[20]||(s[20]=a("."))]),s[105]||(s[105]=i('
julia
get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, ω_lc => 1.2)
gives a single solution with zero amplitude.
',2)),t("p",null,[s[23]||(s[23]=a("Taking instead ")),t("mjx-container",w,[(l(),e("svg",E,s[21]||(s[21]=[i('',1)]))),s[22]||(s[22]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",null,"l"),t("mi",null,"c")])])])],-1))]),s[24]||(s[24]=a(" as a variable to be solved for ")),s[25]||(s[25]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#limit_cycles_bg"},"results in a phase freedom",-1)),s[26]||(s[26]=a(", implying an infinite number of solutions. To perform the ")),s[27]||(s[27]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/limit_cycles#gauge_fixing"},"gauge-fixing procedure",-1)),s[28]||(s[28]=a(", we call ")),s[29]||(s[29]=t("code",null,"get_limit_cycles",-1)),s[30]||(s[30]=a(", marking the limit cycle harmonic as a keyword argument,"))]),s[106]||(s[106]=i(`
julia
result = get_limit_cycles(harmonic_eq, μ => 1:0.1:5, (), ω_lc)
A steady state result for 41 parameter points
 
 Solution branches:   100
    of which real:    4
    of which stable:  4
 
-Classes: unique_cycle, stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
The results show a fourfold degeneracy of solutions:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc")
The automatically created solution class unique_cycle filters the degeneracy out:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc", class="unique_cycle")
Driven system - coupled Duffings ​
So far, we have largely focused on finding and analysing steady states, i.e., fixed points of the harmonic equations, which satisfy
',10)),t("mjx-container",w,[(l(),i("svg",y,a[31]||(a[31]=[e('',1)]))),a[32]||(a[32]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mfrac",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"T")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0"},[t("mspace",{width:"0.167em"})]),t("mo",null,".")])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[37]||(a[37]=s("Fixed points are however merely a subset of possible solutions of Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} – strictly speaking, solutions where ")),t("mjx-container",H,[(l(),i("svg",b,a[33]||(a[33]=[e('',1)]))),a[34]||(a[34]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[38]||(a[38]=s(" remains time-dependent are allowed. These are quite unusual, since ")),t("mjx-container",D,[(l(),i("svg",E,a[35]||(a[35]=[e('',1)]))),a[36]||(a[36]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[39]||(a[39]=s()),a[40]||(a[40]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/harmonic_balance#intro_hb"},"is by construction time-independent",-1)),a[41]||(a[41]=s(" and Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} thus possesses ")),a[42]||(a[42]=t("em",null,"continuous time-translation symmetry",-1)),a[43]||(a[43]=s(". The appearance of explicitly time-dependent solutions then consitutes spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking."))]),t("p",null,[a[46]||(a[46]=s("Such solutions, known as ")),a[47]||(a[47]=t("em",null,"limit cycles",-1)),a[48]||(a[48]=s(", typically appear as closed periodic trajectories of the harmonic variables ")),t("mjx-container",M,[(l(),i("svg",L,a[44]||(a[44]=[e('',1)]))),a[45]||(a[45]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[49]||(a[49]=s(". The simplest way to numerically characterise them is a time-dependent simulation, using a steady-state diagram as a guide."))]),t("p",null,[a[54]||(a[54]=s("Here we reconstruct the results of ")),a[55]||(a[55]=t("a",{href:"https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023526",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Zambon et al., Phys Rev. A 102, 023526 (2020)",-1)),a[56]||(a[56]=s(", where limit cycles are shown to appear in a system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this problem, two oscillators ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(l(),i("svg",Z,a[50]||(a[50]=[e('',1)]))),a[51]||(a[51]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")])])],-1))]),a[57]||(a[57]=s(" and ")),t("mjx-container",F,[(l(),i("svg",C,a[52]||(a[52]=[e('',1)]))),a[53]||(a[53]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")])])],-1))]),a[58]||(a[58]=s(", have (the same) damping and Kerr nonlinearity and are linearly coupled,"))]),t("mjx-container",j,[(l(),i("svg",B,a[59]||(a[59]=[e('',1)]))),a[60]||(a[60]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mtable",{displaystyle:"true",columnalign:"right left",columnspacing:"0em",rowspacing:"3pt"},[t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])]),t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"η"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])])])],-1))]),a[107]||(a[107]=e(`
julia
using HarmonicBalance
+Classes: unique_cycle, stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
The results show a fourfold degeneracy of solutions:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc")
The automatically created solution class unique_cycle filters the degeneracy out:
julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc", class="unique_cycle")
Driven system - coupled Duffings ​
So far, we have largely focused on finding and analysing steady states, i.e., fixed points of the harmonic equations, which satisfy
',10)),t("mjx-container",H,[(l(),e("svg",D,s[31]||(s[31]=[i('',1)]))),s[32]||(s[32]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mfrac",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"d"),t("mi",null,"T")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0"},[t("mspace",{width:"0.167em"})]),t("mo",null,".")])],-1))]),t("p",null,[s[37]||(s[37]=a("Fixed points are however merely a subset of possible solutions of Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} – strictly speaking, solutions where ")),t("mjx-container",b,[(l(),e("svg",F,s[33]||(s[33]=[i('',1)]))),s[34]||(s[34]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[38]||(s[38]=a(" remains time-dependent are allowed. These are quite unusual, since ")),t("mjx-container",M,[(l(),e("svg",L,s[35]||(s[35]=[i('',1)]))),s[36]||(s[36]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"F")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"¯")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[39]||(s[39]=a()),s[40]||(s[40]=t("a",{href:"/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/background/harmonic_balance#intro_hb"},"is by construction time-independent",-1)),s[41]||(s[41]=a(" and Eq. \\eqref{eq:harmeqfull} thus possesses ")),s[42]||(s[42]=t("em",null,"continuous time-translation symmetry",-1)),s[43]||(s[43]=a(". The appearance of explicitly time-dependent solutions then consitutes spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking."))]),t("p",null,[s[46]||(s[46]=a("Such solutions, known as ")),s[47]||(s[47]=t("em",null,"limit cycles",-1)),s[48]||(s[48]=a(", typically appear as closed periodic trajectories of the harmonic variables ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(l(),e("svg",C,s[44]||(s[44]=[i('',1)]))),s[45]||(s[45]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mi",{mathvariant:"bold"},"u")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[49]||(s[49]=a(". The simplest way to numerically characterise them is a time-dependent simulation, using a steady-state diagram as a guide."))]),t("p",null,[s[54]||(s[54]=a("Here we reconstruct the results of ")),s[55]||(s[55]=t("a",{href:"https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023526",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"Zambon et al., Phys Rev. A 102, 023526 (2020)",-1)),s[56]||(s[56]=a(", where limit cycles are shown to appear in a system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this problem, two oscillators ")),t("mjx-container",Z,[(l(),e("svg",j,s[50]||(s[50]=[i('',1)]))),s[51]||(s[51]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")])])],-1))]),s[57]||(s[57]=a(" and ")),t("mjx-container",B,[(l(),e("svg",A,s[52]||(s[52]=[i('',1)]))),s[53]||(s[53]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")])])],-1))]),s[58]||(s[58]=a(", have (the same) damping and Kerr nonlinearity and are linearly coupled,"))]),t("mjx-container",_,[(l(),e("svg",q,s[59]||(s[59]=[i('',1)]))),s[60]||(s[60]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mtable",{displaystyle:"true",columnalign:"right left",columnspacing:"0em",rowspacing:"3pt"},[t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])]),t("mtr",null,[t("mtd",null,[t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("msub",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"α"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mn",null,"3")]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"J"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mo",null,"−"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mtd",null,[t("mi"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"η"),t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])])])],-1))]),s[107]||(s[107]=i(`
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables γ F α ω0 F0 η ω J t x(t) y(t);
-eqs = [d(x,t,2) + γ*d(x,t) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3+ 2*J*ω0*(x-y) - F0*cos(ω*t),
-       d(y,t,2) + γ * d(y,t) + ω0^2 * y + α*y^3 + 2*J*ω0*(y-x) - η*F0*cos(ω*t)]
+eqs = [d(x,t,2) + γ*d(x,t) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3 + 2*J*ω0*(x-y) - F0*cos(ω*t),
+       d(y,t,2) + γ*d(y,t) + ω0^2*y + α*y^3 + 2*J*ω0*(y-x) - η*F0*cos(ω*t)]
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(eqs, [x,y])
System of 2 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t), y(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   y(t) => ;   
 
 Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) - F0*cos(t*ω) + Differential(t)(x(t))*γ + 2J*(x(t) - y(t))*ω0 + x(t)*(ω0^2) + (x(t)^3)*α ~ 0
-Differential(t)(Differential(t)(y(t))) + Differential(t)(y(t))*γ - F0*cos(t*ω)*η + 2J*(-x(t) + y(t))*ω0 + y(t)*(ω0^2) + (y(t)^3)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[a[65]||(a[65]=s("The analysis of Zambon et al. uses a frame rotating at the pump frequency ")),t("mjx-container",A,[(l(),i("svg",q,a[61]||(a[61]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[62]||(a[62]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[66]||(a[66]=s(" to describe both oscillators. For us, this means we expand both modes using ")),t("mjx-container",_,[(l(),i("svg",J,a[63]||(a[63]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[64]||(a[64]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[67]||(a[67]=s(" to obtain the harmonic equations."))]),a[108]||(a[108]=e(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω)
+Differential(t)(Differential(t)(y(t))) + Differential(t)(y(t))*γ - F0*cos(t*ω)*η + 2J*(-x(t) + y(t))*ω0 + y(t)*(ω0^2) + (y(t)^3)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[s[65]||(s[65]=a("The analysis of Zambon et al. uses a frame rotating at the pump frequency ")),t("mjx-container",R,[(l(),e("svg",J,s[61]||(s[61]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[62]||(s[62]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),s[66]||(s[66]=a(" to describe both oscillators. For us, this means we expand both modes using ")),t("mjx-container",O,[(l(),e("svg",S,s[63]||(s[63]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[64]||(s[64]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),s[67]||(s[67]=a(" to obtain the harmonic equations."))]),s[108]||(s[108]=i(`
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω)
 add_harmonic!(diff_eq, y, ω)
 
 harmonic_eq = get_harmonic_equations(diff_eq)
A set of 4 harmonic equations
@@ -59,28 +59,32 @@ import{_ as T,c as i,a4 as e,j as t,a as s,o as l}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxh
 
 -F0*η + Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (2//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω - (2//1)*J*u1(T)*ω0 + (2//1)*J*u2(T)*ω0 + v2(T)*γ*ω - u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0
 
--(2//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ + (2//1)*J*v2(T)*ω0 - (2//1)*J*v1(T)*ω0 - v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[a[70]||(a[70]=s("Solving for a range of drive amplitudes ")),t("mjx-container",R,[(l(),i("svg",O,a[68]||(a[68]=[e('',1)]))),a[69]||(a[69]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[71]||(a[71]=s(","))]),a[109]||(a[109]=e(`
@example
fixed = (
-    ω0 => 1.4504859, # natural frequency of separate modes (in paper's notation, ħω0 - J)
-    γ => 27.4e-6,    # damping
-    J => 154.1e-6,   # coupling term
-    α => 3.867e-7,   # Kerr nonlinearity
-    ω => 1.4507941,  # pump frequency, resonant with antisymmetric mode (in paper, ħω0 + J)
-    η => -0.08,      # pumping leaking to site 2  (F2 = ηF1)
-    F0 => 0.002       # pump amplitude (overriden in sweeps)
-)
-varied = F0 => range(0.002, 0.03, 50)
-
-result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
Let us first see the steady states.
@example
p1 = plot(result, "u1^2 + v1^2", legend=false)
-p2 = plot(result, "u2^2 + v2^2")
-plot(p1, p2)
`,3)),t("p",null,[a[78]||(a[78]=s("According to Zambon et al., a limit cycle solution exists around ")),t("mjx-container",S,[(l(),i("svg",z,a[72]||(a[72]=[e('',1)]))),a[73]||(a[73]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.011")])],-1))]),a[79]||(a[79]=s(", which can be accessed by a jump from branch 1 in an upwards sweep of ")),t("mjx-container",G,[(l(),i("svg",P,a[74]||(a[74]=[e('',1)]))),a[75]||(a[75]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[80]||(a[80]=s(". Since a limit cycle is not a steady state of our harmonic equations, it does not appear in the diagram. We do however see that branch 1 ceases to be stable around ")),t("mjx-container",X,[(l(),i("svg",N,a[76]||(a[76]=[e('',1)]))),a[77]||(a[77]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.010")])],-1))]),a[81]||(a[81]=s(", meaning a jump should occur."))]),t("p",null,[a[86]||(a[86]=s("Let us try and simulate the limit cycle. We could in principle run a time-dependent simulation with a fixed value of ")),t("mjx-container",I,[(l(),i("svg",W,a[82]||(a[82]=[e('',1)]))),a[83]||(a[83]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[87]||(a[87]=s(", but this would require a suitable initial condition. Instead, we will sweep ")),t("mjx-container",$,[(l(),i("svg",K,a[84]||(a[84]=[e('',1)]))),a[85]||(a[85]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),a[88]||(a[88]=s(" upwards from a low starting value. To observe the dynamics just after the jump has occurred, we follow the sweep by a time interval where the system evolves under fixed parameters."))]),a[110]||(a[110]=e(`
@example
using OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5
-initial_state = result[1][1]
-
-T = 2e6
-sweep = AdiabaticSweep(F0 => (0.002, 0.011), (0,T))
-
-# start from initial_state, use sweep, total time is 2*T
-time_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, initial_state, sweep=sweep, timespan=(0,2*T))
-time_evo = solve(time_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100);
-nothing # hide
Inspecting the amplitude as a function of time,
@example
plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)
`,3)),t("p",null,[a[93]||(a[93]=s("we see that initially the sweep is adiabatic as it proceeds along the steady-state branch 1. At around ")),t("mjx-container",U,[(l(),i("svg",Y,a[89]||(a[89]=[e('',1)]))),a[90]||(a[90]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"e"),t("mn",null,"6")])],-1))]),a[94]||(a[94]=s(", an instability occurs and ")),t("mjx-container",t1,[(l(),i("svg",a1,a[91]||(a[91]=[e('',1)]))),a[92]||(a[92]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"u"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[95]||(a[95]=s(" starts to rapidly oscillate. At that point, the sweep is stopped. Under free time evolution, the system then settles into a limit-cycle solution where the coordinates move along closed trajectories."))]),t("p",null,[a[100]||(a[100]=s("By plotting the ")),t("mjx-container",s1,[(l(),i("svg",e1,a[96]||(a[96]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D462",d:"M21 287Q21 295 30 318T55 370T99 420T158 442Q204 442 227 417T250 358Q250 340 216 246T182 105Q182 62 196 45T238 27T291 44T328 78L339 95Q341 99 377 247Q407 367 413 387T427 416Q444 431 463 431Q480 431 488 421T496 402L420 84Q419 79 419 68Q419 43 426 35T447 26Q469 29 482 57T512 145Q514 153 532 153Q551 153 551 144Q550 139 549 130T540 98T523 55T498 17T462 -8Q454 -10 438 -10Q372 -10 347 46Q345 45 336 36T318 21T296 6T267 -6T233 -11Q189 -11 155 7Q103 38 103 113Q103 170 138 262T173 379Q173 380 173 381Q173 390 173 393T169 400T158 404H154Q131 404 112 385T82 344T65 302T57 280Q55 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[97]||(a[97]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"u")])],-1))]),a[101]||(a[101]=s(" and ")),t("mjx-container",i1,[(l(),i("svg",l1,a[98]||(a[98]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D463",d:"M173 380Q173 405 154 405Q130 405 104 376T61 287Q60 286 59 284T58 281T56 279T53 278T49 278T41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Q21 294 29 316T53 368T97 419T160 441Q202 441 225 417T249 361Q249 344 246 335Q246 329 231 291T200 202T182 113Q182 86 187 69Q200 26 250 26Q287 26 319 60T369 139T398 222T409 277Q409 300 401 317T383 343T365 361T357 383Q357 405 376 424T417 443Q436 443 451 425T467 367Q467 340 455 284T418 159T347 40T241 -11Q177 -11 139 22Q102 54 102 117Q102 148 110 181T151 298Q173 362 173 380Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[99]||(a[99]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"v")])],-1))]),a[102]||(a[102]=s(" variables against each other, we observe the limit cycle shapes in phase space,"))]),a[111]||(a[111]=e(`
@example
p1 = plot(time_evo, ["u1", "v1"], harmonic_eq)
-p2 = plot(time_evo, ["u2", "v2"], harmonic_eq)
-plot(p1, p2)
`,1))])}const h1=T(o,[["render",T1]]);export{m1 as __pageData,h1 as default};
+-(2//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ + (2//1)*J*v2(T)*ω0 - (2//1)*J*v1(T)*ω0 - v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0
`,2)),t("p",null,[s[70]||(s[70]=a("Solving for a range of drive amplitudes ")),t("mjx-container",z,[(l(),e("svg",P,s[68]||(s[68]=[i('',1)]))),s[69]||(s[69]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[71]||(s[71]=a(","))]),s[109]||(s[109]=i(`
julia
fixed = (
+    ω0 => 1.4504859, # natural frequency of separate modes (in paper's notation, ħω0 - J)
+    γ => 27.4e-6,    # damping
+    J => 154.1e-6,   # coupling term
+    α => 3.867e-7,   # Kerr nonlinearity
+    ω => 1.4507941,  # pump frequency, resonant with antisymmetric mode (in paper, ħω0 + J)
+    η => -0.08     # pumping leaking to site 2  (F2 = ηF1)
+)
+varied = F0 => range(0.002, 0.03, 50)
+
+result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
A steady state result for 50 parameter points
+
+Solution branches:   9
+   of which real:    3
+   of which stable:  2
+
+Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels
Let us first see the steady states.
julia
p1 = plot(result, "u1^2 + v1^2", legend=false)
+p2 = plot(result, "u2^2 + v2^2")
+plot(p1, p2)
',5)),t("p",null,[s[78]||(s[78]=a("According to Zambon et al., a limit cycle solution exists around ")),t("mjx-container",G,[(l(),e("svg",X,s[72]||(s[72]=[i('',1)]))),s[73]||(s[73]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.011")])],-1))]),s[79]||(s[79]=a(", which can be accessed by a jump from branch 1 in an upwards sweep of ")),t("mjx-container",N,[(l(),e("svg",I,s[74]||(s[74]=[i('',1)]))),s[75]||(s[75]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[80]||(s[80]=a(". Since a limit cycle is not a steady state of our harmonic equations, it does not appear in the diagram. We do however see that branch 1 ceases to be stable around ")),t("mjx-container",W,[(l(),e("svg",$,s[76]||(s[76]=[i('',1)]))),s[77]||(s[77]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")]),t("mo",null,"≅"),t("mn",null,"0.010")])],-1))]),s[81]||(s[81]=a(", meaning a jump should occur."))]),t("p",null,[s[86]||(s[86]=a("Let us try and simulate the limit cycle. We could in principle run a time-dependent simulation with a fixed value of ")),t("mjx-container",K,[(l(),e("svg",U,s[82]||(s[82]=[i('',1)]))),s[83]||(s[83]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[87]||(s[87]=a(", but this would require a suitable initial condition. Instead, we will sweep ")),t("mjx-container",Y,[(l(),e("svg",t1,s[84]||(s[84]=[i('',1)]))),s[85]||(s[85]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mn",null,"0")])])],-1))]),s[88]||(s[88]=a(" upwards from a low starting value. To observe the dynamics just after the jump has occurred, we follow the sweep by a time interval where the system evolves under fixed parameters."))]),s[110]||(s[110]=i(`
julia
using OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5
+initial_state = result[1][1]
+
+T = 2e6
+sweep = AdiabaticSweep(F0 => (0.002, 0.011), (0,T))
+
+# start from initial_state, use sweep, total time is 2*T
+time_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, initial_state, sweep=sweep, timespan=(0,2*T))
+time_evo = solve(time_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100);
Inspecting the amplitude as a function of time,
julia
plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)
',4)),t("p",null,[s[93]||(s[93]=a("we see that initially the sweep is adiabatic as it proceeds along the steady-state branch 1. At around ")),t("mjx-container",s1,[(l(),e("svg",a1,s[89]||(s[89]=[i('',1)]))),s[90]||(s[90]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mn",null,"2"),t("mi",null,"e"),t("mn",null,"6")])],-1))]),s[94]||(s[94]=a(", an instability occurs and ")),t("mjx-container",i1,[(l(),e("svg",e1,s[91]||(s[91]=[i('',1)]))),s[92]||(s[92]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("msub",null,[t("mi",null,"u"),t("mn",null,"1")]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"T"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),s[95]||(s[95]=a(" starts to rapidly oscillate. At that point, the sweep is stopped. Under free time evolution, the system then settles into a limit-cycle solution where the coordinates move along closed trajectories."))]),t("p",null,[s[100]||(s[100]=a("By plotting the ")),t("mjx-container",l1,[(l(),e("svg",n1,s[96]||(s[96]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D462",d:"M21 287Q21 295 30 318T55 370T99 420T158 442Q204 442 227 417T250 358Q250 340 216 246T182 105Q182 62 196 45T238 27T291 44T328 78L339 95Q341 99 377 247Q407 367 413 387T427 416Q444 431 463 431Q480 431 488 421T496 402L420 84Q419 79 419 68Q419 43 426 35T447 26Q469 29 482 57T512 145Q514 153 532 153Q551 153 551 144Q550 139 549 130T540 98T523 55T498 17T462 -8Q454 -10 438 -10Q372 -10 347 46Q345 45 336 36T318 21T296 6T267 -6T233 -11Q189 -11 155 7Q103 38 103 113Q103 170 138 262T173 379Q173 380 173 381Q173 390 173 393T169 400T158 404H154Q131 404 112 385T82 344T65 302T57 280Q55 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[97]||(s[97]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"u")])],-1))]),s[101]||(s[101]=a(" and ")),t("mjx-container",T1,[(l(),e("svg",Q1,s[98]||(s[98]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D463",d:"M173 380Q173 405 154 405Q130 405 104 376T61 287Q60 286 59 284T58 281T56 279T53 278T49 278T41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Q21 294 29 316T53 368T97 419T160 441Q202 441 225 417T249 361Q249 344 246 335Q246 329 231 291T200 202T182 113Q182 86 187 69Q200 26 250 26Q287 26 319 60T369 139T398 222T409 277Q409 300 401 317T383 343T365 361T357 383Q357 405 376 424T417 443Q436 443 451 425T467 367Q467 340 455 284T418 159T347 40T241 -11Q177 -11 139 22Q102 54 102 117Q102 148 110 181T151 298Q173 362 173 380Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),s[99]||(s[99]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"v")])],-1))]),s[102]||(s[102]=a(" variables against each other, we observe the limit cycle shapes in phase space,"))]),s[111]||(s[111]=i(`
julia
p1 = plot(time_evo, ["u1", "v1"], harmonic_eq)
+p2 = plot(time_evo, ["u2", "v2"], harmonic_eq)
+plot(p1, p2)
',2))])}const g1=n(d,[["render",r1]]);export{u1 as __pageData,g1 as default};
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.BYTLHXLI.js b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.kDOdks0t.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.BYTLHXLI.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.kDOdks0t.js
index 83833532..8d072560 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.BYTLHXLI.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.kDOdks0t.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as n,j as i,a,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/sstwmep.C1mRfhhg.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/hapmwqe.BUn_Tigz.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/gfmvopt.TE4cNA4T.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/vbkkbtx.CF_iK7k1.png",o="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/cfcmjbv.BoTXYRl4.png",d="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/efdoffe.BKS8fzbs.png",g="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.DaP9_FvO.png",O=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md","filePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md"}'),E={name:"tutorials/linear_response.md"},Q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"9.206ex",height:"2.158ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -871.8 4069.2 953.8","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.34ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1034.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.377ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 608.6","aria-hidden":"true"},x={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},w={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},f={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},B={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12.474ex",height:"2.139ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -863.3 5513.7 945.3","aria-hidden":"true"},D={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},A={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"};function z(R,s,_,S,J,G){return e(),t("div",null,[s[50]||(s[50]=n(`
Linear response ​
In HarmonicBalance.jl, the stability and linear response are treated using the LinearResponse module.
Here we calculate the white noise response of a simple nonlinear system. A set of reference results may be found in Huber et al. in Phys. Rev. X 10, 021066 (2020). We start by defining the Duffing oscillator
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
+import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as n,j as i,a,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/vbkkbtx.C1mRfhhg.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/cfcmjbv.BUn_Tigz.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/efdoffe.TE4cNA4T.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.CF_iK7k1.png",o="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/lmaqesn.BoTXYRl4.png",d="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/svuullq.BKS8fzbs.png",g="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/lypmfud.DaP9_FvO.png",O=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md","filePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md"}'),E={name:"tutorials/linear_response.md"},Q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"9.206ex",height:"2.158ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -871.8 4069.2 953.8","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.34ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1034.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.377ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 608.6","aria-hidden":"true"},x={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},w={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},f={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},B={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12.474ex",height:"2.139ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -863.3 5513.7 945.3","aria-hidden":"true"},D={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},A={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"};function z(R,s,_,S,J,G){return e(),t("div",null,[s[50]||(s[50]=n(`
Linear response ​
In HarmonicBalance.jl, the stability and linear response are treated using the LinearResponse module.
Here we calculate the white noise response of a simple nonlinear system. A set of reference results may be found in Huber et al. in Phys. Rev. X 10, 021066 (2020). We start by defining the Duffing oscillator
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
 using Plots.Measures: mm
 @variables α, ω, ω0, F, γ, t, x(t); # declare constant variables and a function x(t)
 
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.BYTLHXLI.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.kDOdks0t.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.BYTLHXLI.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.kDOdks0t.lean.js
index 83833532..8d072560 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.BYTLHXLI.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_linear_response.md.kDOdks0t.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as n,j as i,a,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/sstwmep.C1mRfhhg.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/hapmwqe.BUn_Tigz.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/gfmvopt.TE4cNA4T.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/vbkkbtx.CF_iK7k1.png",o="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/cfcmjbv.BoTXYRl4.png",d="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/efdoffe.BKS8fzbs.png",g="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.DaP9_FvO.png",O=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md","filePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md"}'),E={name:"tutorials/linear_response.md"},Q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"9.206ex",height:"2.158ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -871.8 4069.2 953.8","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.34ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1034.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.377ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 608.6","aria-hidden":"true"},x={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},w={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},f={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},B={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12.474ex",height:"2.139ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -863.3 5513.7 945.3","aria-hidden":"true"},D={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},A={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"};function z(R,s,_,S,J,G){return e(),t("div",null,[s[50]||(s[50]=n(`
Linear response ​
In HarmonicBalance.jl, the stability and linear response are treated using the LinearResponse module.
Here we calculate the white noise response of a simple nonlinear system. A set of reference results may be found in Huber et al. in Phys. Rev. X 10, 021066 (2020). We start by defining the Duffing oscillator
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
+import{_ as l,c as t,a4 as n,j as i,a,o as e}from"./chunks/framework.DcvNxhjd.js";const h="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/vbkkbtx.C1mRfhhg.png",p="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/cfcmjbv.BUn_Tigz.png",r="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/efdoffe.TE4cNA4T.png",k="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/fxvcubu.CF_iK7k1.png",o="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/lmaqesn.BoTXYRl4.png",d="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/svuullq.BKS8fzbs.png",g="/HarmonicBalance.jl/previews/PR298/assets/lypmfud.DaP9_FvO.png",O=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linear response","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md","filePath":"tutorials/linear_response.md"}'),E={name:"tutorials/linear_response.md"},Q={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},m={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"9.206ex",height:"2.158ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -871.8 4069.2 953.8","aria-hidden":"true"},y={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},T={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.357ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.34ex",height:"1.927ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -694 1034.4 851.8","aria-hidden":"true"},u={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},c={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"2.395ex",height:"1.377ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 1058.6 608.6","aria-hidden":"true"},x={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},F={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},w={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},C={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},v={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},f={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.025ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.407ex",height:"1.027ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -443 622 454","aria-hidden":"true"},b={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},B={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.186ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"12.474ex",height:"2.139ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -863.3 5513.7 945.3","aria-hidden":"true"},D={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},H={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},A={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},M={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"-0.375ex"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"6.819ex",height:"1.694ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -583 3014.1 748.6","aria-hidden":"true"},L={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},j={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},V={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},q={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"},Z={class:"MathJax",jax:"SVG",style:{direction:"ltr",position:"relative"}},P={style:{overflow:"visible","min-height":"1px","min-width":"1px","vertical-align":"0"},xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"1.695ex",height:"1.538ex",role:"img",focusable:"false",viewBox:"0 -680 749 680","aria-hidden":"true"};function z(R,s,_,S,J,G){return e(),t("div",null,[s[50]||(s[50]=n(`
Linear response ​
In HarmonicBalance.jl, the stability and linear response are treated using the LinearResponse module.
Here we calculate the white noise response of a simple nonlinear system. A set of reference results may be found in Huber et al. in Phys. Rev. X 10, 021066 (2020). We start by defining the Duffing oscillator
julia
using HarmonicBalance, Plots
 using Plots.Measures: mm
 @variables α, ω, ω0, F, γ, t, x(t); # declare constant variables and a function x(t)
 
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BySfj_zT.js b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BcNjz9sa.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BySfj_zT.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BcNjz9sa.js
index 9c402385..f7fca580 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BySfj_zT.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BcNjz9sa.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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Fixing the quadratures ")),t("mjx-container",y,[(s(),T("svg",f,a[15]||(a[15]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D448",d:"M107 637Q73 637 71 641Q70 643 70 649Q70 673 81 682Q83 683 98 683Q139 681 234 681Q268 681 297 681T342 682T362 682Q378 682 378 672Q378 670 376 658Q371 641 366 638H364Q362 638 359 638T352 638T343 637T334 637Q295 636 284 634T266 623Q265 621 238 518T184 302T154 169Q152 155 152 140Q152 86 183 55T269 24Q336 24 403 69T501 205L552 406Q599 598 599 606Q599 633 535 637Q511 637 511 648Q511 650 513 660Q517 676 519 679T529 683Q532 683 561 682T645 680Q696 680 723 681T752 682Q767 682 767 672Q767 650 759 642Q756 637 737 637Q666 633 648 597Q646 592 598 404Q557 235 548 205Q515 105 433 42T263 -22Q171 -22 116 34T60 167V183Q60 201 115 421Q164 622 164 628Q164 635 107 637Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[16]||(a[16]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"U")])],-1))]),a[21]||(a[21]=Q(" and ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(s(),T("svg",L,a[17]||(a[17]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D449",d:"M52 648Q52 670 65 683H76Q118 680 181 680Q299 680 320 683H330Q336 677 336 674T334 656Q329 641 325 637H304Q282 635 274 635Q245 630 242 620Q242 618 271 369T301 118L374 235Q447 352 520 471T595 594Q599 601 599 609Q599 633 555 637Q537 637 537 648Q537 649 539 661Q542 675 545 679T558 683Q560 683 570 683T604 682T668 681Q737 681 755 683H762Q769 676 769 672Q769 655 760 640Q757 637 743 637Q730 636 719 635T698 630T682 623T670 615T660 608T652 599T645 592L452 282Q272 -9 266 -16Q263 -18 259 -21L241 -22H234Q216 -22 216 -15Q213 -9 177 305Q139 623 138 626Q133 637 76 637H59Q52 642 52 648Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[18]||(a[18]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"V")])],-1))]),a[22]||(a[22]=Q(" to be constant then reduces the differential equation to two coupled cubic polynomial equations (for more details on this step, see the appendices in the ")),a[23]||(a[23]=t("a",{href:"https://scipost.org/SciPostPhysCodeb.6",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"white paper",-1)),a[24]||(a[24]=Q("). Finding the roots of coupled polynomials is in general very hard. We here apply the method of homotopy continuation, as implemented in ")),a[25]||(a[25]=t("a",{href:"https://www.juliahomotopycontinuation.org/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"HomotopyContinuation.jl",-1)),a[26]||(a[26]=Q(" which is guaranteed to find the complete set of roots."))]),a[163]||(a[163]=e(`
First we need to declare the symbolic variables (the excellent Symbolics.jl is used here).
julia
using HarmonicBalance
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A1(q1,a,z1,S1,O1,J1){return s(),T("div",null,[a[162]||(a[162]=t("h1",{id:"Duffing",tabindex:"-1"},[Q("Finding the staedy states of a Duffing oscillator "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Duffing","aria-label":'Permalink to "Finding the staedy states of a Duffing oscillator {#Duffing}"'},"​")],-1)),t("p",null,[a[2]||(a[2]=Q("Here we show the workflow of HarmonicBalance.jl on a simple example - the driven Duffing oscillator. The equation of motion for the displacement ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(s(),T("svg",h,a[0]||(a[0]=[e('',1)]))),a[1]||(a[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[3]||(a[3]=Q(" reads"))]),t("mjx-container",p,[(s(),T("svg",g,a[4]||(a[4]=[e('',1)]))),a[5]||(a[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"damped harmonic oscillator")])]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"α"),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("msup",null,[t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mn",null,"3")])]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"Duffing coefficient")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"periodic drive")])])])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[8]||(a[8]=Q("In general, there is no analytical solution to the differential equation. Fortunately, some harmonics are more important than others. By truncating the infinite-dimensional Fourier space to a set of judiciously chosen harmonics, we may obtain a soluble system. For the Duffing resonator, we can well try to only consider the drive frequency ")),t("mjx-container",H,[(s(),T("svg",u,a[6]||(a[6]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[7]||(a[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[9]||(a[9]=Q(". To implement this, we use the ")),a[10]||(a[10]=t("em",null,"harmonic ansatz",-1))]),t("mjx-container",c,[(s(),T("svg",k,a[11]||(a[11]=[e('',1)]))),a[12]||(a[12]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"U"),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"V"),t("mi",null,"sin"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0"},[t("mspace",{width:"0.167em"})]),t("mo",null,",")])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[19]||(a[19]=Q("which constraints the spectrum of ")),t("mjx-container",w,[(s(),T("svg",x,a[13]||(a[13]=[e('',1)]))),a[14]||(a[14]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[20]||(a[20]=Q(" to a single harmonic. Fixing the quadratures ")),t("mjx-container",y,[(s(),T("svg",f,a[15]||(a[15]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D448",d:"M107 637Q73 637 71 641Q70 643 70 649Q70 673 81 682Q83 683 98 683Q139 681 234 681Q268 681 297 681T342 682T362 682Q378 682 378 672Q378 670 376 658Q371 641 366 638H364Q362 638 359 638T352 638T343 637T334 637Q295 636 284 634T266 623Q265 621 238 518T184 302T154 169Q152 155 152 140Q152 86 183 55T269 24Q336 24 403 69T501 205L552 406Q599 598 599 606Q599 633 535 637Q511 637 511 648Q511 650 513 660Q517 676 519 679T529 683Q532 683 561 682T645 680Q696 680 723 681T752 682Q767 682 767 672Q767 650 759 642Q756 637 737 637Q666 633 648 597Q646 592 598 404Q557 235 548 205Q515 105 433 42T263 -22Q171 -22 116 34T60 167V183Q60 201 115 421Q164 622 164 628Q164 635 107 637Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[16]||(a[16]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"U")])],-1))]),a[21]||(a[21]=Q(" and ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(s(),T("svg",L,a[17]||(a[17]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D449",d:"M52 648Q52 670 65 683H76Q118 680 181 680Q299 680 320 683H330Q336 677 336 674T334 656Q329 641 325 637H304Q282 635 274 635Q245 630 242 620Q242 618 271 369T301 118L374 235Q447 352 520 471T595 594Q599 601 599 609Q599 633 555 637Q537 637 537 648Q537 649 539 661Q542 675 545 679T558 683Q560 683 570 683T604 682T668 681Q737 681 755 683H762Q769 676 769 672Q769 655 760 640Q757 637 743 637Q730 636 719 635T698 630T682 623T670 615T660 608T652 599T645 592L452 282Q272 -9 266 -16Q263 -18 259 -21L241 -22H234Q216 -22 216 -15Q213 -9 177 305Q139 623 138 626Q133 637 76 637H59Q52 642 52 648Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[18]||(a[18]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"V")])],-1))]),a[22]||(a[22]=Q(" to be constant then reduces the differential equation to two coupled cubic polynomial equations (for more details on this step, see the appendices in the ")),a[23]||(a[23]=t("a",{href:"https://scipost.org/SciPostPhysCodeb.6",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"white paper",-1)),a[24]||(a[24]=Q("). Finding the roots of coupled polynomials is in general very hard. We here apply the method of homotopy continuation, as implemented in ")),a[25]||(a[25]=t("a",{href:"https://www.juliahomotopycontinuation.org/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"HomotopyContinuation.jl",-1)),a[26]||(a[26]=Q(" which is guaranteed to find the complete set of roots."))]),a[163]||(a[163]=e(`
First we need to declare the symbolic variables (the excellent Symbolics.jl is used here).
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables α ω ω0 F γ t x(t) # declare constant variables and a function x(t)
Next, we have to input the equations of motion. This will be stored as a DifferentialEquation. The input needs to specify that only x is a mathematical variable, the other symbols are parameters:
julia
diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3 + γ*d(x,t) ~ F*cos(ω*t), x)
System of 1 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   
diff --git a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BySfj_zT.lean.js b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BcNjz9sa.lean.js
similarity index 99%
rename from previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BySfj_zT.lean.js
rename to previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BcNjz9sa.lean.js
index 9c402385..f7fca580 100644
--- a/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BySfj_zT.lean.js
+++ b/previews/PR298/assets/tutorials_steady_states.md.BcNjz9sa.lean.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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A1(q1,a,z1,S1,O1,J1){return s(),T("div",null,[a[162]||(a[162]=t("h1",{id:"Duffing",tabindex:"-1"},[Q("Finding the staedy states of a Duffing oscillator "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Duffing","aria-label":'Permalink to "Finding the staedy states of a Duffing oscillator {#Duffing}"'},"​")],-1)),t("p",null,[a[2]||(a[2]=Q("Here we show the workflow of HarmonicBalance.jl on a simple example - the driven Duffing oscillator. The equation of motion for the displacement ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(s(),T("svg",h,a[0]||(a[0]=[e('',1)]))),a[1]||(a[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[3]||(a[3]=Q(" reads"))]),t("mjx-container",p,[(s(),T("svg",g,a[4]||(a[4]=[e('',1)]))),a[5]||(a[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"damped harmonic oscillator")])]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"α"),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("msup",null,[t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mn",null,"3")])]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"Duffing coefficient")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"periodic drive")])])])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[8]||(a[8]=Q("In general, there is no analytical solution to the differential equation. Fortunately, some harmonics are more important than others. By truncating the infinite-dimensional Fourier space to a set of judiciously chosen harmonics, we may obtain a soluble system. For the Duffing resonator, we can well try to only consider the drive frequency ")),t("mjx-container",H,[(s(),T("svg",u,a[6]||(a[6]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D714",d:"M495 384Q495 406 514 424T555 443Q574 443 589 425T604 364Q604 334 592 278T555 155T483 38T377 -11Q297 -11 267 66Q266 68 260 61Q201 -11 125 -11Q15 -11 15 139Q15 230 56 325T123 434Q135 441 147 436Q160 429 160 418Q160 406 140 379T94 306T62 208Q61 202 61 187Q61 124 85 100T143 76Q201 76 245 129L253 137V156Q258 297 317 297Q348 297 348 261Q348 243 338 213T318 158L308 135Q309 133 310 129T318 115T334 97T358 83T393 76Q456 76 501 148T546 274Q546 305 533 325T508 357T495 384Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[7]||(a[7]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"ω")])],-1))]),a[9]||(a[9]=Q(". To implement this, we use the ")),a[10]||(a[10]=t("em",null,"harmonic ansatz",-1))]),t("mjx-container",c,[(s(),T("svg",k,a[11]||(a[11]=[e('',1)]))),a[12]||(a[12]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"="),t("mi",null,"U"),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"V"),t("mi",null,"sin"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0"},[t("mspace",{width:"0.167em"})]),t("mo",null,",")])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[19]||(a[19]=Q("which constraints the spectrum of ")),t("mjx-container",w,[(s(),T("svg",x,a[13]||(a[13]=[e('',1)]))),a[14]||(a[14]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[20]||(a[20]=Q(" to a single harmonic. Fixing the quadratures ")),t("mjx-container",y,[(s(),T("svg",f,a[15]||(a[15]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D448",d:"M107 637Q73 637 71 641Q70 643 70 649Q70 673 81 682Q83 683 98 683Q139 681 234 681Q268 681 297 681T342 682T362 682Q378 682 378 672Q378 670 376 658Q371 641 366 638H364Q362 638 359 638T352 638T343 637T334 637Q295 636 284 634T266 623Q265 621 238 518T184 302T154 169Q152 155 152 140Q152 86 183 55T269 24Q336 24 403 69T501 205L552 406Q599 598 599 606Q599 633 535 637Q511 637 511 648Q511 650 513 660Q517 676 519 679T529 683Q532 683 561 682T645 680Q696 680 723 681T752 682Q767 682 767 672Q767 650 759 642Q756 637 737 637Q666 633 648 597Q646 592 598 404Q557 235 548 205Q515 105 433 42T263 -22Q171 -22 116 34T60 167V183Q60 201 115 421Q164 622 164 628Q164 635 107 637Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[16]||(a[16]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"U")])],-1))]),a[21]||(a[21]=Q(" and ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(s(),T("svg",L,a[17]||(a[17]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D449",d:"M52 648Q52 670 65 683H76Q118 680 181 680Q299 680 320 683H330Q336 677 336 674T334 656Q329 641 325 637H304Q282 635 274 635Q245 630 242 620Q242 618 271 369T301 118L374 235Q447 352 520 471T595 594Q599 601 599 609Q599 633 555 637Q537 637 537 648Q537 649 539 661Q542 675 545 679T558 683Q560 683 570 683T604 682T668 681Q737 681 755 683H762Q769 676 769 672Q769 655 760 640Q757 637 743 637Q730 636 719 635T698 630T682 623T670 615T660 608T652 599T645 592L452 282Q272 -9 266 -16Q263 -18 259 -21L241 -22H234Q216 -22 216 -15Q213 -9 177 305Q139 623 138 626Q133 637 76 637H59Q52 642 52 648Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[18]||(a[18]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"V")])],-1))]),a[22]||(a[22]=Q(" to be constant then reduces the differential equation to two coupled cubic polynomial equations (for more details on this step, see the appendices in the ")),a[23]||(a[23]=t("a",{href:"https://scipost.org/SciPostPhysCodeb.6",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"white paper",-1)),a[24]||(a[24]=Q("). 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First we need to declare the symbolic variables (the excellent Symbolics.jl is used here).
julia
using HarmonicBalance
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A1(q1,a,z1,S1,O1,J1){return s(),T("div",null,[a[162]||(a[162]=t("h1",{id:"Duffing",tabindex:"-1"},[Q("Finding the staedy states of a Duffing oscillator "),t("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#Duffing","aria-label":'Permalink to "Finding the staedy states of a Duffing oscillator {#Duffing}"'},"​")],-1)),t("p",null,[a[2]||(a[2]=Q("Here we show the workflow of HarmonicBalance.jl on a simple example - the driven Duffing oscillator. The equation of motion for the displacement ")),t("mjx-container",m,[(s(),T("svg",h,a[0]||(a[0]=[e('',1)]))),a[1]||(a[1]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])],-1))]),a[3]||(a[3]=Q(" reads"))]),t("mjx-container",p,[(s(),T("svg",g,a[4]||(a[4]=[e('',1)]))),a[5]||(a[5]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"block",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",overflow:"hidden",width:"100%"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"¨")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("mi",null,"γ"),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mover",null,[t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",null,"˙")])]),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mo",null,"+"),t("msubsup",null,[t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mn",null,"0"),t("mn",null,"2")]),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"damped harmonic oscillator")])]),t("mo",null,"+"),t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"α"),t("mi",null,"x"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"t"),t("msup",null,[t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),t("mn",null,"3")])]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"Duffing coefficient")])]),t("mo",null,"="),t("munder",null,[t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"OP"},[t("munder",null,[t("mrow",null,[t("mi",null,"F"),t("mi",null,"cos"),t("mo",{"data-mjx-texclass":"NONE"},"⁡"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),t("mi",null,"ω"),t("mi",null,"t"),t("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),t("mo",null,"⏟")])]),t("mrow",{"data-mjx-texclass":"ORD"},[t("mtext",null,"periodic drive")])])])],-1))]),t("p",null,[a[8]||(a[8]=Q("In general, there is no analytical solution to the differential equation. 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Fixing the quadratures ")),t("mjx-container",y,[(s(),T("svg",f,a[15]||(a[15]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D448",d:"M107 637Q73 637 71 641Q70 643 70 649Q70 673 81 682Q83 683 98 683Q139 681 234 681Q268 681 297 681T342 682T362 682Q378 682 378 672Q378 670 376 658Q371 641 366 638H364Q362 638 359 638T352 638T343 637T334 637Q295 636 284 634T266 623Q265 621 238 518T184 302T154 169Q152 155 152 140Q152 86 183 55T269 24Q336 24 403 69T501 205L552 406Q599 598 599 606Q599 633 535 637Q511 637 511 648Q511 650 513 660Q517 676 519 679T529 683Q532 683 561 682T645 680Q696 680 723 681T752 682Q767 682 767 672Q767 650 759 642Q756 637 737 637Q666 633 648 597Q646 592 598 404Q557 235 548 205Q515 105 433 42T263 -22Q171 -22 116 34T60 167V183Q60 201 115 421Q164 622 164 628Q164 635 107 637Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[16]||(a[16]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"U")])],-1))]),a[21]||(a[21]=Q(" and ")),t("mjx-container",V,[(s(),T("svg",L,a[17]||(a[17]=[t("g",{stroke:"currentColor",fill:"currentColor","stroke-width":"0",transform:"scale(1,-1)"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"math"},[t("g",{"data-mml-node":"mi"},[t("path",{"data-c":"1D449",d:"M52 648Q52 670 65 683H76Q118 680 181 680Q299 680 320 683H330Q336 677 336 674T334 656Q329 641 325 637H304Q282 635 274 635Q245 630 242 620Q242 618 271 369T301 118L374 235Q447 352 520 471T595 594Q599 601 599 609Q599 633 555 637Q537 637 537 648Q537 649 539 661Q542 675 545 679T558 683Q560 683 570 683T604 682T668 681Q737 681 755 683H762Q769 676 769 672Q769 655 760 640Q757 637 743 637Q730 636 719 635T698 630T682 623T670 615T660 608T652 599T645 592L452 282Q272 -9 266 -16Q263 -18 259 -21L241 -22H234Q216 -22 216 -15Q213 -9 177 305Q139 623 138 626Q133 637 76 637H59Q52 642 52 648Z",style:{"stroke-width":"3"}})])])],-1)]))),a[18]||(a[18]=t("mjx-assistive-mml",{unselectable:"on",display:"inline",style:{top:"0px",left:"0px",clip:"rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)","-webkit-touch-callout":"none","-webkit-user-select":"none","-khtml-user-select":"none","-moz-user-select":"none","-ms-user-select":"none","user-select":"none",position:"absolute",padding:"1px 0px 0px 0px",border:"0px",display:"block",width:"auto",overflow:"hidden"}},[t("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[t("mi",null,"V")])],-1))]),a[22]||(a[22]=Q(" to be constant then reduces the differential equation to two coupled cubic polynomial equations (for more details on this step, see the appendices in the ")),a[23]||(a[23]=t("a",{href:"https://scipost.org/SciPostPhysCodeb.6",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"white paper",-1)),a[24]||(a[24]=Q("). 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First we need to declare the symbolic variables (the excellent Symbolics.jl is used here).
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables α ω ω0 F γ t x(t) # declare constant variables and a function x(t)
Next, we have to input the equations of motion. This will be stored as a DifferentialEquation. The input needs to specify that only x is a mathematical variable, the other symbols are parameters:
julia
diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3 + γ*d(x,t) ~ F*cos(ω*t), x)
System of 1 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   
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HarmonicBalance.jl
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The method of harmonic balance ​
Frequency conversion in oscillating nonlinear systems ​
HarmonicBalance.jl focuses on harmonically-driven nonlinear systems, i.e., dynamical systems governed by equations of motion where all explicitly time-dependent terms are harmonic. Let us take a general nonlinear system of N second-order ODEs with real variables xi(t), i=1,2,⋯,N and time t as the independent variable,
x¨(t)+F(x(t),t)=0.
The vector x(t)=(x1(t),...,xN(t))T fully describes the state of the system. Physically, x(t) encompasses the amplitudes of either point-like or collective oscillators (e.g., mechanical resonators, voltage oscillations in RLC circuits, an oscillating electrical dipole moment, or standing modes of an optical cavity).
As the simplest example, let us first solve the harmonic oscillator in frequency space. The equation of motion is
x¨(t)+γx˙(t)+ω02x(t)=Fcos⁡(ωdt)
where γ is the damping coefficient and ω0 the natural frequency. Fourier-transforming both sides of this equation gives
(ω02−ω2+iωγ)x~(ω)=F2[δ(ω+ωd)+δ(ω−ωd)].
Evidently, x~(ω) is only nonvanishing for ω=±ωd. The system thus responds at the driving frequency only - the behaviour can be captured by a single harmonic. This illustrates the general point that linear systems are exactly solvable by transforming to Fourier space, where the equations are diagonal.
The situation becomes more complex if nonlinear terms are present, as these cause frequency conversion. Suppose we add a quadratic nonlinearity βx2(t) to the equations of motion; an attempt to Fourier-transform gives
FT[x2](ω)=∫x2(t)e−iωtdt=∫−∞+∞x~(ω′)x~(ω″)δ(ω″+ω′−ω)dω′dω″,
which couples all harmonics ω,ω′,ω″ such that ω+ω′+ω″=0. To lowest order, this means the induced motion at the drive frequency generates a higher harmonic, ωd→2ωd. To higher orders however, the frequency conversion propagates through the spectrum, coupling an infinite number of harmonics. The system is not solvable in Fourier space anymore!
Harmonic ansatz & harmonic equations ​
Even though we need an infinity of Fourier components to describe our system exactly, some components are more important than others. The strategy of harmonic balance is to describe the motion of any variable xi(t) in a truncated Fourier space
xi(t)=∑j=1Miui,j(T)cos⁡(ωi,jt)+vi,j(T)sin⁡(ωi,jt).
Within this space, the system is described by a finite-dimensional vector
u(T)=(u1,1(T),v1,1(T),…uN,MN(T),vN,MN(T))
Under the assumption that u(T) evolves at much slower timescales than the oscillatory terms ωi,jt, we may neglect all of its higher order time derivatives. Notice that once ansatz \eqref{eq:harmansatz} is used in Eq. \eqref{eq:ode}, all terms become oscillatory - each prefactor of cos⁡(ωi,jt) and sin⁡(ωi,jt) thus generates a separate equation. Collecting these, we obtain a 1st order nonlinear ODEs,
du(T)dT=F¯(u),
which we call the harmonic equations. The main purpose of HarmonicBalance.jl is to obtain and solve them. We are primarily interested in steady states u0 defined by F¯(u0)=0.
The process of obtaining the harmonic equations is best shown on an example.
Example: the Duffing oscillator ​
Here, we derive the harmonic equations for a single Duffing resonator, governed by the equation
x¨(t)+ω02x(t)+αx3(t)=Fcos⁡(ωdt+θ).
As explained in above, for a periodic driving at frequency ωd and a weak nonlinearity α, we expect the response at frequency ωd to dominate, followed by a response at 3ωd due to frequency conversion.
Single-frequency ansatz ​
We first attempt to describe the steady states of Eq. \eqref{eq:duffing} using only one harmonic, ωd. The starting point is the harmonic ansatz for x
x(t)=u(T)cos⁡(ωdt)+v(T)sin⁡(ωdt),
with the harmonic variables u and v. The slow time T is, for now, equivalent to t. Substituting this ansatz into mechanical equations of motion results in
[u¨+2ωdv˙+u(ω02−ωd2)+3α(u3+uv2)4+Fcos⁡θ]cos⁡(ωdt)+[v¨−2ωdu˙+v(ω02−ωd2)+3α(v3+u2v)4−Fsin⁡θ]sin⁡(ωdt)+α(u3−3uv2)4cos⁡(3ωdt)+α(3u2v−v3)4sin⁡(3ωdt)=0.
We see that the x3 term has generated terms that oscillate at 3ωd, describing the process of frequency upconversion. We now Fourier-transform both sides of Eq. \eqref{eq:ansatz1} with respect to ωd to obtain the harmonic equations. This process is equivalent to extracting the respective coefficients of cos⁡(ωdt) and sin⁡(ωdt). Here the distinction between t and T becomes important: since the evolution of u(T) and v(T) is assumed to be slow, they are treated as constant for the purpose of the Fourier transformation. Since we are interested in steady states, we drop the higher-order derivatives and rearrange the resulting equation to
ddT(uv)=18ωd(4v(ω02−ωd2)+3α(v3+u2v)−4Fsin⁡θ4u(ωd2−ω02)−3α(u3+uv2)−4Fcos⁡θ).
Steady states can now be found by setting the l.h.s. to zero, i.e., assuming u(T) and v(T) constant and neglecting any transient behaviour. This results in a set of 2 nonlinear polynomial equations of order 3, for which the maximum number of solutions set by Bézout's theorem is 32=9. Depending on the parameters, the number of real solutions is known to be between 1 and 3.
Sidenote: perturbative approach ​
The steady states describe a response that may be recast as x0(t)=X0cos⁡(ωdt+ϕ), where X0=u2+v2 and ϕ=−atan(v/u). Frequency conversion from ωd to 3ωd can be found by setting x(t)≡x0(t)+δx(t) with |δx(t)|≪|x0(t)| and expanding Eq. \eqref{eq:duffing} to first-order in δx(t). The resulting equation
δx¨(t)+[ω02+3αX024]δx(t)=−αX034cos⁡(3ωdt+3ϕ),
describes a simple harmonic oscillator, which is exactly soluble. Correspondingly, a response of δx(t) at frequency 3ωd is observed. Since this response is obtained 'on top of' each steady state of the equations of motion, no previously-unknown solutions are generated in the process.
Two-frequency ansatz ​
An approach in the spirit of harmonic balance is to use both harmonics ωd and 3ωd on the same footing, i.e., to insert the ansatz
x(t)=u1(T)cos⁡(ωdt)+v1(T)sin⁡(ωdt)+u2(T)cos⁡(3ωdt)+v2(T)sin⁡(3ωdt),
with u1,u2,v1,v2 being the harmonic variables. As before we substitute the ansatz into Eq. \eqref{eq:duffing}, drop second derivatives with respect to T and Fourier-transform both sides. Now, the respective coefficients correspond to cos⁡(ωdt), sin⁡(ωdt), cos⁡(3ωdt) and sin⁡(3ωdt). Rearranging, we obtain
du1dT=12ωd[(ω02−ωd2)v1+3α4(v13+u12v1+u12v2−v12v2+2u22v1+2v22v1−2u1u2v1)+Fsin⁡θ],dv1dT=12ωd[(ωd2−ω02)u1−3α4(u13+u12u2+v12u1−v12u2+2u22u1+2v22u1+2u1v1v2)−Fcos⁡θ],du2dT=16ωd[(ω02−9ωd2)v2+α4(−v13+3v23+3u12v1+6u12v2+3u22v2+6v12v2)],dv2dT=16ωd[(9ωd2−ω02)u2−α4(u13+3u23+6u12u2−3v12u1+3v22u2+6v12u2)].
In contrast to the single-frequency ansatz, we now have 4 equations of order 3, allowing up to 34=81 solutions (the number of unique real ones is again generally far smaller). The larger number of solutions is explained by higher harmonics which cannot be captured perturbatively by the single-frequency ansatz. In particular, those where the 3ωd component is significant. Such solutions appear, e.g., for ωd≈ω0/3 where the generated 3ωd harmonic is close to the natural resonant frequency. See the examples for numerical results.

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HarmonicBalance.jl
Appearance
Limit cycles ​
We explain how HarmonicBalance.jl uses a new technique to find limit cycles in systems of nonlinear ODEs. For a more in depth overwiew see Chapter 6 in Jan Košata's PhD theses or del_Pino_2024.
Limit cycles from a Hopf bifurcation ​
The end product of the harmonic balance technique are what we call the harmonic equations, i.e., first-order ODEs for the harmonic variables U(T):
dU(T)dT=G―(U)
These Odes have no explicit time-dependence - they are autonomous. We have mostly been searching for steady states, which likewise show no time dependence. However, time-dependent solutions to autonomous ODEs can also exist. One mechanism for their creation is a Hopf bifurcation - a critical point where a stable solution transitions into an unstable one. For a stable solution, the associated eigenvalues λ of the linearisation all satisfy Re(λ)<0. When a Hopf bifurcation takes place, one complex-conjugate pair of eigenvalues crosses the real axis such that Re(λ)>0. The state is then, strictly speaking, unstable. However, instead of evolving into another steady state, the system may assume a periodic orbit in phase space, giving a solution of the form
U(T)=U0+Ulccos⁡(ωlcT+ϕ)
which is an example of a limit cycle. We denote the originating steady state as Hopf-unstable.
We can continue to use harmonic balance as the solution still describes a harmonic response Allwright (1977). If we translate back to the the lab frame [variable x(t)], clearly, each frequency ωj constituting our harmonic ansatz [U(T)], we obtain frequencies ωj as well as ωj±ωlc  in the lab frame. Furthermore, as multiple harmonics now co-exist in the system, frequency conversion may take place, spawning further pairs ωj±kωlc  with integer k. Therefore, to construct a harmonic ansatz capturing limit cycles, we simply add an integer number K of such pairs to our existing set of M harmonics,
{ω1,…,ωM}→{ω1,ω1±ωlc,ω1±2ωlc,…,ωM±Kωlc}
Ansatz ​
Original ansatz ​
Having seen how limit cycles are formed, we now proceed to tackle a key problem: how to find their frequency ωlc. We again demonstrate by considering a single variable x(t). We may try the simplest ansatz for a system driven at frequency ω,
x(t)=u1(T)cos⁡(ωt)+v1(T)sin⁡(ωt)
In this formulation, limit cycles may be obtained by solving the resulting harmonic equations with a Runge-Kutta type solver to obtain the time evolution of u1(T) and v1(T). See the limit cycle tutorial for an example.
Extended ansatz ​
Including newly-emergent pairs of harmonics is in principle straightforward. Suppose a limit cycle has formed in our system with a frequency ωlc, prompting the ansatz
x(t)=u1cos⁡(ωt)+v1sin⁡(ωt)+u2cos⁡[(ω+ωlc)t]+v2sin⁡[(ω+ωlc)t]+u3cos⁡[(ω−ωlc)t]+v3sin⁡[(ω−ωlc)t]+…
where each of the ω±kωlc  pairs contributes 4 harmonic variables. The limit cycle frequency ωlc is also a variable in this formulation, but does not contribute a harmonic equation, since dωlc/dT=0 by construction. We thus arrive at a total of 2+4K harmonic equations in 2+4K+1 variables. To obtain steady states, we must thus solve an underdetermined system, which has an infinite number of solutions. Given that we expect the limit cycles to possess U(1) gauge freedom, this is a sensible observation. We may still use iterative numerical procedures such as the Newton method to find solutions one by one, but homotopy continuation is not applicable. In this formulation, steady staes states are characterised by zero entries for u2,v2,…u2K+1,v2K+1. The variable ωlc  is redundant and may take any value - the states therefore also appear infinitely degenerate, which, however, has no physical grounds. Oppositely, solutions may appear for which some of the limit cycle variables u2,v2,…u2K+1,v2K+1 are nonzero, but ωlc =0. These violate our assumption of distinct harmonic variables corresponding to distinct frequencies and are therefore discarded.
Gauge fixing ​
We now constrain the system to remove the U(1) gauge freedom. This is best done by explicitly writing out the free phase. Recall that our solution must be symmetric under a time translation symmetry, that is, taking t→t+2π/ω. Applying this n times transforms x(t) into
x(t)=u1cos⁡(ωt)+v1sin⁡(ωt)+u2cos⁡[(ω+ωlc)t+ϕ]+v2sin⁡[(ω+ωlc)t+ϕ]+u3cos⁡[(ω−ωlc)t−ϕ]+v3sin⁡[(ω−ωlc)t−ϕ]+…
where we defined ϕ=2πnωlc /ω. Since ϕ is free, we can fix it to, for example,
ϕ=−arctan⁡u2/v2
which turns into
x(t)=u1cos⁡(ωt)+v1sin⁡(ωt)+(v2cos⁡ϕ−u2sin⁡ϕ)sin⁡[(ω+ωlc)t]+(u3cos⁡ϕ−v3sin⁡ϕ)cos⁡[(ω−ωlc)t]+(v3cos⁡ϕ+u3sin⁡ϕ)[(ω−ωlc)t]+…
We see that fixing the free phase has effectively removed one of the variables, since cos⁡[(ω+ωlc )t] does not appear any more. Discarding u2, we can therefore use 2+4K variables as our harmonic ansatz, i.e.,
U=(u1v1v2⋮v2K+1ωlc)
to remove the infinite degeneracy. Note that ϕ is only defined modulo π, but its effect on the harmonic variables is not. Choosing ϕ=−arctan⁡u2/v2+π would invert the signs of v2,u3,v3. As a result, each solution is doubly degenerate. Combined with the sign ambiguity of ωlc , we conclude that under the new ansatz, a limit cycle solution appears as a fourfold-degenerate steady state.
The harmonic equations can now be solved using homotopy continuation to obtain all steady states. Compared to the single-harmonic ansatz however, we have significantly enlarged the polynomial system to be solved. As the number of solutions scales exponentially (Bézout bound), we expect vast numbers of solutions even for fairly small systems.

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HarmonicBalance.jl
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Stability and linear response ​
The core of the harmonic balance method is expressing the system's behaviour in terms of Fourier components or harmonics. For an N-coordinate system, we choose a set of Mi harmonics to describe each coordinate xi :
xi(t)=∑j=1Miui,j(T)cos⁡(ωi,jt)+vi,j(T)sin⁡(ωi,jt),
This means the system is now described using a discrete set of variables ui,j and vi,j. Constructing the vector
u(T)=(u1,1(T),v1,1(T),…uN,MN(T),vN,MN(T)),
we may obtain the harmonic equations (see an example of this procedure)
du(T)dT=F¯(u)
where F¯(u) is a nonlinear function. A steady state u0 is defined by F¯(u0)=0.
Stability ​
Let us assume that we found a steady state u0. When the system is in this state, it responds to small perturbations either by returning to u0 over some characteristic timescale (stable state) or by evolving away from u0 (unstable state). To analyze the stability of u0, we linearize the equations of motion around u0 for a small perturbation δu=u−u0 to obtain
ddT[δu(T)]=J(u0)δu(T),
where J(u0)=∇uF¯|u=u0 is the Jacobian matrix of the system evaluated at u=u0.
The linearised system is exactly solvable for δu(T) given an initial condition δu(T0). The solution can be expanded in terms of the complex eigenvalues λr and eigenvectors vr of J(u0), namely
δu(T)=∑rcrvreλrT.
The dynamical behaviour near the steady states is thus governed by eλrT: if Re(λr)<0 for all λr, the state u0 is stable. Conversely, if Re(λr)>0 for at least one λr, the state is unstable - perturbations such as noise or a small applied drive will force the system away from u0.
Linear response ​
The response of a stable steady state to an additional oscillatory force, caused by weak probes or noise, is often of interest. It can be calculated by solving for the perturbation δu(T) in the presence of an additional drive term.
ddT[δu(T)]=J(u0)δu(T)+ξeiΩT,
Suppose we have found an eigenvector of J(u0) such that J(u)v=λv. To solve the linearised equations of motion, we insert δu(T)=A(Ω)veiΩT. Projecting each side onto v gives
A(Ω)(iΩ−λ)=ξ⋅v⟹A(Ω)=ξ⋅v−Re[λ]+i(Ω−Im[λ])
We see that each eigenvalue λ results in a linear response that is a Lorentzian centered at Ω=Im[λ]. Effectively, the linear response matches that of a harmonic oscillator with resonance frequency Im[λ] and damping Re[λ].
Knowing the response of the harmonic variables u(T), what is the corresponding behaviour of the "natural" variables xi(t)? To find this out, we insert the perturbation back into the harmonic ansatz. Since we require real variables, let us use δu(T)=A(Ω)(veiΩT+v∗e−iΩT). Plugging this into
δxi(t)=∑j=1Miδui,j(t)cos⁡(ωi,jt)+δvi,j(t)sin⁡(ωi,jt)
and multiplying out the sines and cosines gives
δxi(t)=∑j=1Mi{(Re[δui,j]−Im[δvi,j])cos⁡[(ωi,j−Ω)t]+(Im[δui,j]+Re[δvi,j])sin⁡[(ωi,j−Ω)t]+(Re[δui,j]+Im[δvi,j])cos⁡[(ωi,j+Ω)t]+(−Im[δui,j]+Re[δvi,j])sin⁡[(ωi,j+Ω)t]}
where δui,j and δvi,j are the components of δu corresponding to the respective harmonics ωi,j.
We see that a motion of the harmonic variables at frequency Ω appears as motion of δxi(t) at frequencies ωi,j±Ω.
To make sense of this, we normalize the vector δu and use normalised components δu^i,j and δv^i,j. We also define the Lorentzian distribution
L(x)x0,γ=1(x−x0)2+γ2
We see that all components of δxi(t) are proportional to L(Ω)Im[λ],Re[λ]. The first and last two summands are Lorentzians centered at ±Ω which oscillate at ωi,j±Ω, respectively. From this, we can extract the linear response function in Fourier space, χ(ω~)
|χ[δxi](ω~)|2=∑j=1Mi{[(Re[δu^i,j]−Im[δv^i,j])2+(Im[δu^i,j]+Re[δv^i,j])2]L(ωi,j−ω~)Im[λ],Re[λ]+[(Re[δu^i,j]+Im[δv^i,j])2+(Re[δv^i,j]−Im[δu^i,j])2]L(ω~−ωi,j)Im[λ],Re[λ]}
Keeping in mind that L(x)x0,γ=L(x+Δ)x0+Δ,γ and the normalization δu^i,j2+δv^i,j2=1, we can rewrite this as
|χ[δxi](ω~)|2=∑j=1Mi(1+αi,j)L(ω~)ωi,j−Im[λ],Re[λ]+(1−αi,j)L(ω~)ωi,j+Im[λ],Re[λ]
where
αi,j=2(Im[δu^i,j]Re[δv^i,j]−Re[δu^i,j]Im[δv^i,j])
The above solution applies to every eigenvalue λ of the Jacobian. It is now clear that the linear response function χ[δxi](ω~) contains for each eigenvalue λr and harmonic ωi,j :
  • A Lorentzian centered at ωi,j−Im[λr] with amplitude 1+αi,j(r)
  • A Lorentzian centered at ωi,j+Im[λr] with amplitude 1−αi,j(r)
Sidenote: As J a real matrix, there is an eigenvalue λr∗ for each λr. The maximum number of peaks in the linear response is thus equal to the dimensionality of u(T).
The linear response of the system in the state u0 is thus fully specified by the complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors of J(u0). In HarmonicBalance.jl, the module LinearResponse creates a set of plottable Lorentzian objects to represent this.
Check out this example of the linear response module of HarmonicBalance.jl

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 fixed = (α => 1.0, β => 1.0, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.005, F => 0.0025) # fixed parameters
 
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
-plot(result; y="u1^2+v1^2")
If we set the cubic nonlinearity to zero, we recover the driven damped harmonic oscillator. Indeed, thefirst order the quadratic nonlinearity has no affect on the system.
julia
varied = (ω => range(0.99, 1.1, 100))
+plot(result; y="u1^2+v1^2")
If we set the cubic nonlinearity to zero, we recover the driven damped harmonic oscillator. Indeed, thefirst order the quadratic nonlinearity has no affect on the system.
julia
varied = (ω => range(0.99, 1.1, 100))
 fixed = (α => 0.0, β => 1.0, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.005, F => 0.0025)
 
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
-plot(result; y="u1^2+v1^2")
2nd order Krylov expansion ​
The quadratic nonlinearity β together with the drive at 2ω gives the effective parametric drive λeff=2F1β3mω2. But the cubic nonlinearity α is still needed to get the period doubling bifurcation through λeff.
julia
@variables β α ω ω0 F γ t x(t)
+plot(result; y="u1^2+v1^2")
2nd order Krylov expansion ​
The quadratic nonlinearity β together with the drive at 2ω gives the effective parametric drive λeff=2F1β3mω2. But the cubic nonlinearity α is still needed to get the period doubling bifurcation through λeff.
julia
@variables β α ω ω0 F γ t x(t)
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(
     d(x, t, 2) + ω0^2 * x + β * x^2 + α * x^3 + γ * d(x, t) ~ F * cos(2ω * t), x
 )
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 fixed = (α => 1.0, β => 2.0, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.001, F => 0.005)
 
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq2, varied, fixed)
-plot(result; y="v1")
julia
varied = (ω => range(0.4, 0.6, 100), F => range(1e-6, 0.01, 50))
+plot(result; y="v1")
julia
varied = (ω => range(0.4, 0.6, 100), F => range(1e-6, 0.01, 50))
 fixed = (α => 1.0, β => 2.0, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.01)
 
 method = TotalDegree()
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq2, method, varied, fixed)
-plot_phase_diagram(result; class="stable")
This page was generated using Literate.jl.

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This page was generated using Literate.jl.
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Alternatively, we may visualise all underlying solutions, including complex ones,

julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; class="all")

2D parameters ​

The parametrically driven oscillator boasts a stability diagram called "Arnold's tongues" delineating zones where the oscillator is stable from those where it is exponentially unstable (if the nonlinearity was absence). We can retrieve this diagram by calculating the steady states as a function of external detuning δ=ωL−ω0 and the parametric drive strength λ.

To perform a 2D sweep over driving frequency ω and parametric drive strength λ, we keep fixed from before but include 2 variables in varied

julia
fixed = (ω₀ => 1.0, γ => 1e-2, F => 1e-3, α => 1.0, η => 0.3)
 varied = (ω => range(0.8, 1.2, 50), λ => range(0.001, 0.6, 50))
 result_2D = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed);

-Solving for 2500 parameters...  51%|██████████▏         |  ETA: 0:00:01
-  # parameters solved:  1263
-  # paths tracked:      6315
+Solving for 2500 parameters...  51%|██████████▎         |  ETA: 0:00:01
+  # parameters solved:  1284
+  # paths tracked:      6420
 
 
 
 
 
 
-Solving for 2500 parameters...  79%|███████████████▊    |  ETA: 0:00:00
-  # parameters solved:  1973
-  # paths tracked:      9865
+Solving for 2500 parameters...  81%|████████████████▏   |  ETA: 0:00:00
+  # parameters solved:  2020
+  # paths tracked:      10100
 
 
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
   # paths tracked:      12500

Now, we count the number of solutions for each point and represent the corresponding phase diagram in parameter space. This is done using plot_phase_diagram. Only counting stable solutions,

julia
plot_phase_diagram(result_2D; class="stable")

In addition to phase diagrams, we can plot functions of the solution. The syntax is identical to 1D plotting. Let us overlay 2 branches into a single plot,

julia
# overlay branches with different colors
 plot(result_2D, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; branch=1, class="stable", camera=(60, -40))
 plot!(result_2D, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)"; branch=2, class="stable", color=:red)

Note that solutions are ordered in parameter space according to their closest neighbors. Plots can again be limited to a given class (e.g stable solutions only) through the keyword argument class.

This page was generated using Literate.jl.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/examples/wave_mixing.html b/previews/PR298/examples/wave_mixing.html index c4781c35..385ecac9 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/examples/wave_mixing.html +++ b/previews/PR298/examples/wave_mixing.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ (2//1)*Differential(T)(v1(T))*ω + Differential(T)(u1(T))*γ + u1(T)*u2(T)*β - u1(T)*(ω^2) + u1(T)*(ω0^2) + v3(T)*v2(T)*β + v2(T)*v1(T)*β + v1(T)*γ*ω + u3(T)*u2(T)*β + (3//4)*(u1(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(v3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*v3(T)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α + (3//4)*u1(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v3(T)*v2(T)*u2(T)*α - (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u3(T)*α - (3//4)*(v1(T)^2)*u3(T)*α + (3//4)*u3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ F -Differential(T)(v1(T))*γ - (2//1)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*ω + u1(T)*v2(T)*β - u1(T)*γ*ω + v3(T)*u2(T)*β - v2(T)*u3(T)*β - v1(T)*u2(T)*β - v1(T)*(ω^2) + v1(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α - (3//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0//1 +Differential(T)(v1(T))*γ - (2//1)*Differential(T)(u1(T))*ω + u1(T)*v2(T)*β - u1(T)*γ*ω + v3(T)*u2(T)*β - v2(T)*u3(T)*β - v1(T)*u2(T)*β - v1(T)*(ω^2) + v1(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v3(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α - (3//2)*u1(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*v3(T)*(v2(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α - (3//4)*v3(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*(v2(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u3(T)^2)*α + (3//2)*v1(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0 Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (4//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω + (1//2)*(u1(T)^2)*β + u1(T)*u3(T)*β + v3(T)*v1(T)*β + (2//1)*v2(T)*γ*ω - (1//2)*(v1(T)^2)*β - (4//1)*u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*v3(T)*v2(T)*α + (3//2)*u1(T)*u3(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(v3(T)^2)*u2(T)*α - (3//2)*v3(T)*v1(T)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*v1(T)*u3(T)*α + (3//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(u3(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0//1 @@ -60,22 +60,22 @@ p1 = plot(result; y="√(u1^2+v1^2)", legend=:best) p2 = plot(result; y="√(u2^2+v2^2)", legend=:best, ylims=(-0.1, 0.1)) p3 = plot(result; y="√(u3^2+v3^2)", legend=:best) -plot(p1, p2, p3; layout=(1, 3), size=(900, 300), margin=5mm)

Three wave mixing ​

If we only have a cubic nonlineariy α, we observe the normal duffing oscillator response with no response at 2ω.

We would like to investigate the three-wave mixing of the driven Duffing oscillator. This means we can excite the system resonantly if the oscillation frequencies ω1 and ω2 fullfil the conditions ω1±ω2=±ω0. Here, we will especially focus on the degenerate three wave mixing, where ω2=ω0 such that 2ω0=ω1. This is a very important process in quantum optics, since it allows us to generate photons with a frequency in the visible range from photons with a frequency in the infrared range. This is called frequency doubling and is used in many applications, e.g. in laser pointers.

julia
varied = (ω => range(0.9, 1.2, 200))
+plot(p1, p2, p3; layout=(1, 3), size=(900, 300), margin=5mm)

Three wave mixing ​

If we only have a cubic nonlineariy α, we observe the normal duffing oscillator response with no response at 2ω.

We would like to investigate the three-wave mixing of the driven Duffing oscillator. This means we can excite the system resonantly if the oscillation frequencies ω1 and ω2 fullfil the conditions ω1±ω2=±ω0. Here, we will especially focus on the degenerate three wave mixing, where ω2=ω0 such that 2ω0=ω1. This is a very important process in quantum optics, since it allows us to generate photons with a frequency in the visible range from photons with a frequency in the infrared range. This is called frequency doubling and is used in many applications, e.g. in laser pointers.

julia
varied = (ω => range(0.9, 1.2, 200))
 fixed = (α => 0.0, β => 1.0, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.005, F => 0.0025)
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
 
 p1 = plot(result; y="√(u1^2+v1^2)", legend=:best)
 p2 = plot(result; y="√(u2^2+v2^2)", legend=:best, ylims=(-0.1, 0.1))
 p3 = plot(result; y="√(u3^2+v3^2)", legend=:best)
-plot(p1, p2, p3; layout=(1, 3), size=(900, 300), margin=5mm)

Both ​

If we only have a cubic nonlineariy α, we observe the normal duffing oscillator response with no response at 2ω.

We would like to investigate the three-wave mixing of the driven Duffing oscillator. This means we can excite the system resonantly if the oscillation frequencies ω1 and ω2 fullfil the conditions ω1±ω2=±ω0. Here, we will especially focus on the degenerate three wave mixing, where ω2=ω0 such that 2ω0=ω1. This is a very important process in quantum optics, since it allows us to generate photons with a frequency in the visible range from photons with a frequency in the infrared range. This is called frequency doubling and is used in many applications, e.g. in laser pointers.

julia
varied = (ω => range(0.9, 1.2, 200))
+plot(p1, p2, p3; layout=(1, 3), size=(900, 300), margin=5mm)

Both ​

If we only have a cubic nonlineariy α, we observe the normal duffing oscillator response with no response at 2ω.

We would like to investigate the three-wave mixing of the driven Duffing oscillator. This means we can excite the system resonantly if the oscillation frequencies ω1 and ω2 fullfil the conditions ω1±ω2=±ω0. Here, we will especially focus on the degenerate three wave mixing, where ω2=ω0 such that 2ω0=ω1. This is a very important process in quantum optics, since it allows us to generate photons with a frequency in the visible range from photons with a frequency in the infrared range. This is called frequency doubling and is used in many applications, e.g. in laser pointers.

julia
varied = (ω => range(0.9, 1.2, 200))
 fixed = (α => 1.0, β => 1.0, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.005, F => 0.0025)
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
 
 p1 = plot(result; y="√(u1^2+v1^2)", legend=:best)
 p2 = plot(result; y="√(u2^2+v2^2)", legend=:best, ylims=(-0.1, 0.1))
 p3 = plot(result; y="√(u3^2+v3^2)", legend=:best)
-plot(p1, p2, p3; layout=(1, 3), size=(900, 300), margin=5mm)

This page was generated using Literate.jl.

- +plot(p1, p2, p3; layout=(1, 3), size=(900, 300), margin=5mm)

This page was generated using Literate.jl.

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/hashmap.json b/previews/PR298/hashmap.json index c8316695..19df41f8 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/hashmap.json +++ b/previews/PR298/hashmap.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"background_harmonic_balance.md":"DLAraYI1","background_limit_cycles.md":"CFaJ5DXy","background_stability_response.md":"C2O8TKow","examples_index.md":"BDcHa8Hd","examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md":"CDmqTf3s","examples_parametron.md":"BisKADsJ","examples_wave_mixing.md":"nPQR0uea","index.md":"CaBhjcds","introduction_citation.md":"Bb4cfish","introduction_index.md":"BoGsh2BE","introduction_resources.md":"_pUQbhkJ","manual_entering_eom.md":"C-sG7qQL","manual_extracting_harmonics.md":"Cpv7m-2B","manual_krylov-bogoliubov_method.md":"DoOiZlmG","manual_linear_response.md":"K1dOkrxg","manual_methods.md":"-11YqXIu","manual_plotting.md":"B3Zx1lZ_","manual_saving.md":"DxkqPXKw","manual_solving_harmonics.md":"CUoAwVIW","manual_time_dependent.md":"DklFRcLU","tutorials_classification.md":"Cgq0-zEf","tutorials_index.md":"DHHThvfZ","tutorials_limit_cycles.md":"B6_qaUZm","tutorials_linear_response.md":"BYTLHXLI","tutorials_steady_states.md":"BySfj_zT","tutorials_time_dependent.md":"C34cYXXy"} +{"background_harmonic_balance.md":"DLAraYI1","background_limit_cycles.md":"CFaJ5DXy","background_stability_response.md":"C2O8TKow","examples_index.md":"BDcHa8Hd","examples_parametric_via_three_wave_mixing.md":"CgR0hKCu","examples_parametron.md":"Ci0AJmln","examples_wave_mixing.md":"Dtztbykr","index.md":"CaBhjcds","introduction_citation.md":"Bb4cfish","introduction_index.md":"CF7xy89Q","introduction_resources.md":"_pUQbhkJ","manual_entering_eom.md":"DmEOPAel","manual_extracting_harmonics.md":"B8ILa1aP","manual_krylov-bogoliubov_method.md":"DY6Qsyzv","manual_linear_response.md":"BhEPPYJ1","manual_methods.md":"L1WbxNUV","manual_plotting.md":"Vb914Xtl","manual_saving.md":"C8ftx9k-","manual_solving_harmonics.md":"CBKL5BWB","manual_time_dependent.md":"D8ZMpa-k","tutorials_classification.md":"Cgq0-zEf","tutorials_index.md":"DHHThvfZ","tutorials_limit_cycles.md":"PICzRj6v","tutorials_linear_response.md":"kDOdks0t","tutorials_steady_states.md":"BcNjz9sa","tutorials_time_dependent.md":"C34cYXXy"} diff --git a/previews/PR298/index.html b/previews/PR298/index.html index c3aa4267..6b27db00 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/index.html +++ b/previews/PR298/index.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

HarmonicBalance.jl

Efficient Floquet expansions for nonlinear driven systems

A Julia suite for nonlinear dynamics using harmonic balance

Getting Started
Tutorials
View on GitHub
HarmonicBalance.jl

Non-equilibrium steady states

Compute all stationary states in a one or two-dimensional parameter sweep.

Linear Response

Explore the fluctuations on top of the non-equilibrium steady states.

Limit Cycles

Find limit cycles involving many frequencies.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/introduction/citation.html b/previews/PR298/introduction/citation.html index eb925146..022c2c00 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/introduction/citation.html +++ b/previews/PR298/introduction/citation.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Citation ​

If you use HarmonicBalance.jl in your project, we kindly ask you to cite this paper, namely:

HarmonicBalance.jl: A Julia suite for nonlinear dynamics using harmonic balance, Jan Košata, Javier del Pino, Toni L. Heugel, Oded Zilberberg, SciPost Phys. Codebases 6 (2022)

The limit cycle finding algorithm is based on the work of this paper:

Limit cycles as stationary states of an extended harmonic balance ansatz J. del Pino, J. Košata, and O. Zilberberg, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 033180 (2024).

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/introduction/index.html b/previews/PR298/introduction/index.html index 52fbefc2..5cd54fc4 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/introduction/index.html +++ b/previews/PR298/introduction/index.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ of which real: 3 of which stable: 2 -Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

The obtained steady states can be plotted as a function of the driving frequency:

julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

If you want learn more on what you can do with HarmonicBalance.jl, check out the tutorials. We also have collected some examples of different physical systems.

- +Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

The obtained steady states can be plotted as a function of the driving frequency:

julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

If you want learn more on what you can do with HarmonicBalance.jl, check out the tutorials. We also have collected some examples of different physical systems.

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/introduction/resources.html b/previews/PR298/introduction/resources.html index 3ac82af8..986809c5 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/introduction/resources.html +++ b/previews/PR298/introduction/resources.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.html b/previews/PR298/manual/Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.html index 53ccd3b4..58370ecf 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/Krylov-Bogoliubov_method.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ ((1//2)*(ω^2)*v1(T) - (1//2)*(ω0^2)*v1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(u1(T)) -((1//2)*(ω0^2)*u1(T) - (1//2)*F - (1//2)*(ω^2)*u1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(v1(T))

source

For further information and a detailed understanding of this method, refer to Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method on Wikipedia.

- +((1//2)*(ω0^2)*u1(T) - (1//2)*F - (1//2)*(ω^2)*u1(T)) / ω ~ Differential(T)(v1(T))

source

For further information and a detailed understanding of this method, refer to Krylov-Bogoliubov averaging method on Wikipedia.

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/entering_eom.html b/previews/PR298/manual/entering_eom.html index be2a20fe..7b076f68 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/entering_eom.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/entering_eom.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ julia> DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F * cos(ω*t), x); # two coupled oscillators, one of them driven -julia> DifferentialEquation([d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - k*y, d(y,t,2) + ω0^2 * y - k*x] .~ [F * cos(ω*t), 0], [x,y]);

source

HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic! Function
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation, var::Num, ω)

Add the harmonic ω to the harmonic ansatz used to expand the variable var in diff_eom.

Example

define the simple harmonic oscillator and specify that x(t) oscillates with frequency ω

julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
+julia> DifferentialEquation([d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x - k*y, d(y,t,2) + ω0^2 * y - k*x] .~ [F * cos(ω*t), 0], [x,y]);

source

HarmonicBalance.add_harmonic! Function
julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation, var::Num, ω)

Add the harmonic ω to the harmonic ansatz used to expand the variable var in diff_eom.

Example

define the simple harmonic oscillator and specify that x(t) oscillates with frequency ω

julia
julia> @variables t, x(t), y(t), ω0, ω, F, k;
 julia> diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(d(x,t,2) + ω0^2 * x ~ F * cos(ω*t), x);
 julia> add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, ω) # expand x using ω
 
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
 Variables:       x(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ω;
 
-(ω0^2)*x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) ~ F*cos(t*ω)

source

Symbolics.get_variables Method
julia
get_variables(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation) -> Vector{Num}

Return the dependent variables of diff_eom.

source

HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables Method
julia
get_independent_variables(
+(ω0^2)*x(t) + Differential(t)(Differential(t)(x(t))) ~ F*cos(t*ω)

source

Symbolics.get_variables Method
julia
get_variables(diff_eom::DifferentialEquation) -> Vector{Num}

Return the dependent variables of diff_eom.

source

HarmonicBalance.get_independent_variables Method
julia
get_independent_variables(
     diff_eom::DifferentialEquation
-) -> Any

Return the independent dependent variables of diff_eom.

source

- +) -> Any

Return the independent dependent variables of diff_eom.

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/extracting_harmonics.html b/previews/PR298/manual/extracting_harmonics.html index 0956f0d8..0976be9f 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/extracting_harmonics.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/extracting_harmonics.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ (ω0^2)*u1(T) + (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(v1(T)) - (ω^2)*u1(T) ~ F -(ω0^2)*v1(T) - (ω^2)*v1(T) - (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(u1(T)) ~ 0

source

HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz Function
julia
harmonic_ansatz(eom::DifferentialEquation, time::Num; coordinates="Cartesian")

Expand each variable of diff_eom using the harmonics assigned to it with time as the time variable. For each harmonic of each variable, instance(s) of HarmonicVariable are automatically created and named.

source

HarmonicBalance.slow_flow Function
julia
slow_flow(eom::HarmonicEquation; fast_time::Num, slow_time::Num, degree=2)

Removes all derivatives w.r.t fast_time (and their products) in eom of power degree. In the remaining derivatives, fast_time is replaced by slow_time.

source

HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform Function
julia
fourier_transform(
+(ω0^2)*v1(T) - (ω^2)*v1(T) - (2//1)*ω*Differential(T)(u1(T)) ~ 0

source

HarmonicBalance.harmonic_ansatz Function
julia
harmonic_ansatz(eom::DifferentialEquation, time::Num; coordinates="Cartesian")

Expand each variable of diff_eom using the harmonics assigned to it with time as the time variable. For each harmonic of each variable, instance(s) of HarmonicVariable are automatically created and named.

source

HarmonicBalance.slow_flow Function
julia
slow_flow(eom::HarmonicEquation; fast_time::Num, slow_time::Num, degree=2)

Removes all derivatives w.r.t fast_time (and their products) in eom of power degree. In the remaining derivatives, fast_time is replaced by slow_time.

source

HarmonicBalance.fourier_transform Function
julia
fourier_transform(
     eom::HarmonicEquation,
     time::Num
-) -> HarmonicEquation

Extract the Fourier components of eom corresponding to the harmonics specified in eom.variables. For each non-zero harmonic of each variable, 2 equations are generated (cos and sin Fourier coefficients). For each zero (constant) harmonic, 1 equation is generated time does not appear in the resulting equations anymore.

Underlying assumption: all time-dependences are harmonic.

source

HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers Function
julia
drop_powers(expr, vars, deg)

Remove parts of expr where the combined power of vars is => deg.

Example

julia
julia> @variables x,y;
+) -> HarmonicEquation

Extract the Fourier components of eom corresponding to the harmonics specified in eom.variables. For each non-zero harmonic of each variable, 2 equations are generated (cos and sin Fourier coefficients). For each zero (constant) harmonic, 1 equation is generated time does not appear in the resulting equations anymore.

Underlying assumption: all time-dependences are harmonic.

source

HarmonicBalance.ExprUtils.drop_powers Function
julia
drop_powers(expr, vars, deg)

Remove parts of expr where the combined power of vars is => deg.

Example

julia
julia> @variables x,y;
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2, x, 2)
 y^2 + 2*x*y
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2, [x,y], 2)
 0
 julia>drop_powers((x+y)^2 + (x+y)^3, [x,y], 3)
-x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y

source

HarmonicVariable and HarmonicEquation types ​

The equations governing the harmonics are stored using the two following structs. When going from the original to the harmonic equations, the harmonic ansatz xi(t)=∑j=1Mui,j(T)cos⁡(ωi,jt)+vi,j(T)sin⁡(ωi,jt) is used. Internally, each pair (ui,j,vi,j) is stored as a HarmonicVariable. This includes the identification of ωi,j and xi(t), which is needed to later reconstruct xi(t).

HarmonicBalance.HarmonicVariable Type
julia
mutable struct HarmonicVariable

Holds a variable stored under symbol describing the harmonic ω of natural_variable.

Fields

  • symbol::Num: Symbol of the variable in the HarmonicBalance namespace.

  • name::String: Human-readable labels of the variable, used for plotting.

  • type::String: Type of the variable (u or v for quadratures, a for a constant, Hopf for Hopf etc.)

  • ω::Num: The harmonic being described.

  • natural_variable::Num: The natural variable whose harmonic is being described.

source

When the full set of equations of motion is expanded using the harmonic ansatz, the result is stored as a HarmonicEquation. For an initial equation of motion consisting of M variables, each expanded in N harmonics, the resulting HarmonicEquation holds 2NM equations of 2NM variables. Each symbol not corresponding to a variable is identified as a parameter.

A HarmonicEquation can be either parsed into a steady-state Problem or solved using a dynamical ODE solver.

HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation Type
julia
mutable struct HarmonicEquation

Holds a set of algebraic equations governing the harmonics of a DifferentialEquation.

Fields

  • equations::Vector{Equation}: A set of equations governing the harmonics.

  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: A set of variables describing the harmonics.

  • parameters::Vector{Num}: The parameters of the equation set.

  • natural_equation::DifferentialEquation: The natural equation (before the harmonic ansatz was used).

source

- +x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y

source

HarmonicVariable and HarmonicEquation types ​

The equations governing the harmonics are stored using the two following structs. When going from the original to the harmonic equations, the harmonic ansatz xi(t)=∑j=1Mui,j(T)cos⁡(ωi,jt)+vi,j(T)sin⁡(ωi,jt) is used. Internally, each pair (ui,j,vi,j) is stored as a HarmonicVariable. This includes the identification of ωi,j and xi(t), which is needed to later reconstruct xi(t).

HarmonicBalance.HarmonicVariable Type
julia
mutable struct HarmonicVariable

Holds a variable stored under symbol describing the harmonic ω of natural_variable.

Fields

  • symbol::Num: Symbol of the variable in the HarmonicBalance namespace.

  • name::String: Human-readable labels of the variable, used for plotting.

  • type::String: Type of the variable (u or v for quadratures, a for a constant, Hopf for Hopf etc.)

  • ω::Num: The harmonic being described.

  • natural_variable::Num: The natural variable whose harmonic is being described.

source

When the full set of equations of motion is expanded using the harmonic ansatz, the result is stored as a HarmonicEquation. For an initial equation of motion consisting of M variables, each expanded in N harmonics, the resulting HarmonicEquation holds 2NM equations of 2NM variables. Each symbol not corresponding to a variable is identified as a parameter.

A HarmonicEquation can be either parsed into a steady-state Problem or solved using a dynamical ODE solver.

HarmonicBalance.HarmonicEquation Type
julia
mutable struct HarmonicEquation

Holds a set of algebraic equations governing the harmonics of a DifferentialEquation.

Fields

  • equations::Vector{Equation}: A set of equations governing the harmonics.

  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: A set of variables describing the harmonics.

  • parameters::Vector{Num}: The parameters of the equation set.

  • natural_equation::DifferentialEquation: The natural equation (before the harmonic ansatz was used).

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/linear_response.html b/previews/PR298/manual/linear_response.html index ec198d7f..5c2eded7 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/linear_response.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/linear_response.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ -
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Linear response (WIP) ​

This module currently has two goals. One is calculating the first-order Jacobian, used to obtain stability and approximate (but inexpensive) the linear response of steady states. The other is calculating the full response matrix as a function of frequency; this is more accurate but more expensive.

The methodology used is explained in Jan Kosata phd thesis.

Stability ​

The Jacobian is used to evaluate stability of the solutions. It can be shown explicitly,

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian Function
julia
get_Jacobian(eom)

Obtain the symbolic Jacobian matrix of eom (either a HarmonicEquation or a DifferentialEquation). This is the linearised left-hand side of F(u) = du/dT.

source

Obtain a Jacobian from a DifferentialEquation by first converting it into a HarmonicEquation.

source

Get the Jacobian of a set of equations eqs with respect to the variables vars.

source

Linear response ​

The response to white noise can be shown with plot_linear_response. Depending on the order argument, different methods are used.

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response Function
julia
plot_linear_response(res::Result, nat_var::Num; Ω_range, branch::Int, order=1, logscale=false, show_progress=true, kwargs...)

Plot the linear response to white noise of the variable nat_var for Result res on branch for input frequencies Ω_range. Slow-time derivatives up to order are kept in the process.

Any kwargs are fed to Plots' gr().

Solutions not belonging to the physical class are ignored.

source

First order ​

The simplest way to extract the linear response of a steady state is to evaluate the Jacobian of the harmonic equations. Each of its eigenvalues λ describes a Lorentzian peak in the response; Re[λ] gives its center and Im[λ] its width. Transforming the harmonic variables into the non-rotating frame (that is, inverting the harmonic ansatz) then gives the response as it would be observed in an experiment.

The advantage of this method is that for a given parameter set, only one matrix diagonalization is needed to fully describe the response spectrum. However, the method is inaccurate for response frequencies far from the frequencies used in the harmonic ansatz (it relies on the response oscillating slowly in the rotating frame).

Behind the scenes, the spectra are stored using the dedicated structs Lorentzian and JacobianSpectrum.

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum Type
julia
mutable struct JacobianSpectrum

Holds a set of Lorentzian objects belonging to a variable.

Fields

  • peaks::Vector{HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian}

Constructor

julia
JacobianSpectrum(res::Result; index::Int, branch::Int)

source

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian Type
julia
struct Lorentzian

Holds the three parameters of a Lorentzian peak, defined as A / sqrt((ω-ω0)² + Γ²).

Fields

  • ω0::Float64

  • Γ::Float64

  • A::Float64

source

Higher orders ​

Setting order > 1 increases the accuracy of the response spectra. However, unlike for the Jacobian, here we must perform a matrix inversion for each response frequency.

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix Type
julia
struct ResponseMatrix

Holds the compiled response matrix of a system.

Fields

  • matrix::Matrix{Function}: The response matrix (compiled).

  • symbols::Vector{Num}: Any symbolic variables in matrix to be substituted at evaluation.

  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: The frequencies of the harmonic variables underlying matrix. These are needed to transform the harmonic variables to the non-rotating frame.

source

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response Function
julia
get_response(
+    
HarmonicBalance.jl
Appearance
Linear response (WIP) ​
This module currently has two goals. One is calculating the first-order Jacobian, used to obtain stability and approximate (but inexpensive) the linear response of steady states. The other is calculating the full response matrix as a function of frequency; this is more accurate but more expensive.
The methodology used is explained in Jan Kosata phd thesis.
Stability ​
The Jacobian is used to evaluate stability of the solutions. It can be shown explicitly,
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_Jacobian Function
julia
get_Jacobian(eom)
Obtain the symbolic Jacobian matrix of eom (either a HarmonicEquation or a DifferentialEquation). This is the linearised left-hand side of F(u) = du/dT.
source
Obtain a Jacobian from a DifferentialEquation by first converting it into a HarmonicEquation.
source
Get the Jacobian of a set of equations eqs with respect to the variables vars.
source
Linear response ​
The response to white noise can be shown with plot_linear_response. Depending on the order argument, different methods are used.
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.plot_linear_response Function
julia
plot_linear_response(res::Result, nat_var::Num; Ω_range, branch::Int, order=1, logscale=false, show_progress=true, kwargs...)
Plot the linear response to white noise of the variable nat_var for Result res on branch for input frequencies Ω_range. Slow-time derivatives up to order are kept in the process.
Any kwargs are fed to Plots' gr().
Solutions not belonging to the physical class are ignored.
source
First order ​
The simplest way to extract the linear response of a steady state is to evaluate the Jacobian of the harmonic equations. Each of its eigenvalues λ describes a Lorentzian peak in the response; Re[λ] gives its center and Im[λ] its width. Transforming the harmonic variables into the non-rotating frame (that is, inverting the harmonic ansatz) then gives the response as it would be observed in an experiment.
The advantage of this method is that for a given parameter set, only one matrix diagonalization is needed to fully describe the response spectrum. However, the method is inaccurate for response frequencies far from the frequencies used in the harmonic ansatz (it relies on the response oscillating slowly in the rotating frame).
Behind the scenes, the spectra are stored using the dedicated structs Lorentzian and JacobianSpectrum.
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.JacobianSpectrum Type
julia
mutable struct JacobianSpectrum
Holds a set of Lorentzian objects belonging to a variable.
Fields
  • peaks::Vector{HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian}
Constructor
julia
JacobianSpectrum(res::Result; index::Int, branch::Int)
source
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.Lorentzian Type
julia
struct Lorentzian
Holds the three parameters of a Lorentzian peak, defined as A / sqrt((ω-ω0)² + Γ²).
Fields
  • ω0::Float64
  • Γ::Float64
  • A::Float64
source
Higher orders ​
Setting order > 1 increases the accuracy of the response spectra. However, unlike for the Jacobian, here we must perform a matrix inversion for each response frequency.
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix Type
julia
struct ResponseMatrix
Holds the compiled response matrix of a system.
Fields
  • matrix::Matrix{Function}: The response matrix (compiled).
  • symbols::Vector{Num}: Any symbolic variables in matrix to be substituted at evaluation.
  • variables::Vector{HarmonicVariable}: The frequencies of the harmonic variables underlying matrix. These are needed to transform the harmonic variables to the non-rotating frame.
source
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response Function
julia
get_response(
     rmat::HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.ResponseMatrix,
     s::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     Ω
-) -> Any
For rmat and a solution dictionary s, calculate the total response to a perturbative force at frequency Ω.
source
HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix Function
julia
get_response_matrix(diff_eq::DifferentialEquation, freq::Num; order=2)
Obtain the symbolic linear response matrix of a diff_eq corresponding to a perturbation frequency freq. This routine cannot accept a HarmonicEquation since there, some time-derivatives are already dropped. order denotes the highest differential order to be considered.
source

-    
+) -> Any

For rmat and a solution dictionary s, calculate the total response to a perturbative force at frequency Ω.

source

HarmonicBalance.LinearResponse.get_response_matrix Function
julia
get_response_matrix(diff_eq::DifferentialEquation, freq::Num; order=2)

Obtain the symbolic linear response matrix of a diff_eq corresponding to a perturbation frequency freq. This routine cannot accept a HarmonicEquation since there, some time-derivatives are already dropped. order denotes the highest differential order to be considered.

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/methods.html b/previews/PR298/manual/methods.html index 2cc8b345..4aed3eb2 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/methods.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/methods.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ -
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Methods ​

We offer several methods for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the harmonic balance procedure. Each method has different tradeoffs between speed, robustness, and completeness.

Total Degree Method ​

HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree Type
julia
TotalDegree

The Total Degree homotopy method. Performs a homotopy H(x,t)=γtG(x)+(1−t)F(x) from the trivial polynomial system xᵢdᵢ+aᵢ with the maximal degree dᵢ determined by the Bezout bound. The method guarantees to find all solutions, however, it comes with a high computational cost. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.

Fields

  • gamma::Complex: Complex multiplying factor of the start system G(x) for the homotopy

  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.

  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.

  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.

  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.

  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.

source

Polyhedral Method ​

HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral Type
julia
Polyhedral

The Polyhedral homotopy method. This method constructs a homotopy based on the polyhedral structure of the polynomial system. It is more efficient than the Total Degree method for sparse systems, meaning most of the coefficients are zero. It can be especially useful if you don't need to find the zero solutions (only_non_zero = true), resulting in speed up. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.

Fields

  • only_non_zero::Bool: Boolean indicating if only non-zero solutions are considered.

  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.

  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.

  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.

  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.

  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.

source

Warm Up Method ​

HarmonicBalance.WarmUp Type
julia
WarmUp

The Warm Up method. This method prepares a warmup system using the parameter at index perturbed by perturbation_size and performs a homotopy using the warmup system to all other systems in the parameter sweep. It is very efficient for systems with less bifurcation in the parameter sweep. The Warm Up method does not guarantee to find all solutions. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.

Fields

  • perturbation_size::ComplexF64: Size of the perturbation.

  • index::Union{Int64, EndpointRanges.Endpoint}: Index for the endpoint.

  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.

  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.

  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.

  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.

  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.

source

- +
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Methods ​

We offer several methods for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations that arise from the harmonic balance procedure. Each method has different tradeoffs between speed, robustness, and completeness.

Total Degree Method ​

HarmonicBalance.TotalDegree Type
julia
TotalDegree

The Total Degree homotopy method. Performs a homotopy H(x,t)=γtG(x)+(1−t)F(x) from the trivial polynomial system xᵢdᵢ+aᵢ with the maximal degree dᵢ determined by the Bezout bound. The method guarantees to find all solutions, however, it comes with a high computational cost. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.

Fields

  • gamma::Complex: Complex multiplying factor of the start system G(x) for the homotopy

  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.

  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.

  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.

  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.

  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.

source

Polyhedral Method ​

HarmonicBalance.Polyhedral Type
julia
Polyhedral

The Polyhedral homotopy method. This method constructs a homotopy based on the polyhedral structure of the polynomial system. It is more efficient than the Total Degree method for sparse systems, meaning most of the coefficients are zero. It can be especially useful if you don't need to find the zero solutions (only_non_zero = true), resulting in speed up. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.

Fields

  • only_non_zero::Bool: Boolean indicating if only non-zero solutions are considered.

  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.

  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.

  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.

  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.

  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.

source

Warm Up Method ​

HarmonicBalance.WarmUp Type
julia
WarmUp

The Warm Up method. This method prepares a warmup system using the parameter at index perturbed by perturbation_size and performs a homotopy using the warmup system to all other systems in the parameter sweep. It is very efficient for systems with less bifurcation in the parameter sweep. The Warm Up method does not guarantee to find all solutions. See HomotopyContinuation.jl for more information.

Fields

  • perturbation_size::ComplexF64: Size of the perturbation.

  • index::Union{Int64, EndpointRanges.Endpoint}: Index for the endpoint.

  • thread::Bool: Boolean indicating if threading is enabled.

  • tracker_options::HomotopyContinuation.TrackerOptions: Options for the tracker.

  • endgame_options::HomotopyContinuation.EndgameOptions: Options for the endgame.

  • compile::Union{Bool, Symbol}: Compilation options.

  • seed::UInt32: Seed for random number generation.

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/plotting.html b/previews/PR298/manual/plotting.html index 800da7ad..12c42c4c 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/plotting.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/plotting.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -26,20 +26,20 @@ func; branches, realify -) -> Vector

Takes a Result object and a string f representing a Symbolics.jl expression. Returns an array with the values of f evaluated for the respective solutions. Additional substitution rules can be specified in rules in the format ("a" => val) or (a => val)

source

Plotting solutions ​

The function plot is multiple-dispatched to plot 1D and 2D datasets. In 1D, the solutions are colour-coded according to the branches obtained by sort_solutions.

RecipesBase.plot Method
julia
plot(
+) -> Vector

Takes a Result object and a string f representing a Symbolics.jl expression. Returns an array with the values of f evaluated for the respective solutions. Additional substitution rules can be specified in rules in the format ("a" => val) or (a => val)

source

Plotting solutions ​

The function plot is multiple-dispatched to plot 1D and 2D datasets. In 1D, the solutions are colour-coded according to the branches obtained by sort_solutions.

RecipesBase.plot Method
julia
plot(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     varargs...;
     cut,
     kwargs...
 ) -> Plots.Plot

Plot a Result object.

Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:

class       :   only plot solutions in this class(es) ("all" --> plot everything)
 not_class   :   do not plot solutions in this class(es)

Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr().

See also plot!

The x,y,z arguments are Strings compatible with Symbolics.jl, e.g., y=2*sqrt(u1^2+v1^2) plots the amplitude of the first quadratures multiplied by 2.

1D plots

plot(res::Result; x::String, y::String, class="default", not_class=[], kwargs...)
-plot(res::Result, y::String; kwargs...) # take x automatically from Result

Default behaviour is to plot stable solutions as full lines, unstable as dashed.

If a sweep in two parameters were done, i.e., dim(res)==2, a one dimensional cut can be plotted by using the keyword cut were it takes a Pair{Num, Float64} type entry. For example, plot(res, y="sqrt(u1^2+v1^2), cut=(λ => 0.2)) plots a cut at λ = 0.2.

2D plots

plot(res::Result; z::String, branch::Int64, class="physical", not_class=[], kwargs...)

To make the 2d plot less chaotic it is required to specify the specific branch to plot, labeled by a Int64.

The x and y axes are taken automatically from res

source

Plotting phase diagrams ​

In many problems, rather than in any property of the solutions themselves, we are interested in the phase diagrams, encoding the number of (stable) solutions in different regions of the parameter space. plot_phase_diagram handles this for 1D and 2D datasets.

HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram Function
julia
plot_phase_diagram(
+plot(res::Result, y::String; kwargs...) # take x automatically from Result

Default behaviour is to plot stable solutions as full lines, unstable as dashed.

If a sweep in two parameters were done, i.e., dim(res)==2, a one dimensional cut can be plotted by using the keyword cut were it takes a Pair{Num, Float64} type entry. For example, plot(res, y="sqrt(u1^2+v1^2), cut=(λ => 0.2)) plots a cut at λ = 0.2.

2D plots

plot(res::Result; z::String, branch::Int64, class="physical", not_class=[], kwargs...)

To make the 2d plot less chaotic it is required to specify the specific branch to plot, labeled by a Int64.

The x and y axes are taken automatically from res

source

Plotting phase diagrams ​

In many problems, rather than in any property of the solutions themselves, we are interested in the phase diagrams, encoding the number of (stable) solutions in different regions of the parameter space. plot_phase_diagram handles this for 1D and 2D datasets.

HarmonicBalance.plot_phase_diagram Function
julia
plot_phase_diagram(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result;
     kwargs...
 ) -> Plots.Plot

Plot the number of solutions in a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.

Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:

class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
-not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class

Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()

source

Plot spaghetti plot ​

Sometimes, it is useful to plot the quadratures of the steady states (u, v) in function of a swept parameter. This is done with plot_spaghetti.

HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti Function
julia
plot_spaghetti(res::Result; x, y, z, kwargs...)

Plot a three dimension line plot of a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.

Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:

class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
-not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class

Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()

source

- +not_class::String : do not count solutions in this class

Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()

source

Plot spaghetti plot ​

Sometimes, it is useful to plot the quadratures of the steady states (u, v) in function of a swept parameter. This is done with plot_spaghetti.

HarmonicBalance.plot_spaghetti Function
julia
plot_spaghetti(res::Result; x, y, z, kwargs...)

Plot a three dimension line plot of a Result object as a function of the parameters. Works with 1D and 2D datasets.

Class selection done by passing String or Vector{String} as kwarg:

class::String       :   only count solutions in this class ("all" --> plot everything)
+not_class::String   :   do not count solutions in this class

Other kwargs are passed onto Plots.gr()

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/saving.html b/previews/PR298/manual/saving.html index 9158b190..0c39fbcd 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/saving.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/saving.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ -
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Saving and loading ​

All of the types native to HarmonicBalance.jl can be saved into a .jld2 file using save and loaded using load. Most of the saving/loading is performed using the package JLD2.jl, with the addition of reinstating the symbolic variables in the HarmonicBalance namespace (needed to parse expressions used in the plotting functions) and recompiling stored functions (needed to evaluate Jacobians). As a consequence, composite objects such as Result can be saved and loaded with no loss of information.

The function export_csv saves a .csv file which can be plot elsewhere.

HarmonicBalance.save Function
julia
save(filename, object)

Saves object into .jld2 file filename (the suffix is added automatically if not entered). The resulting file contains a dictionary with a single entry.

source

HarmonicBalance.load Function
julia
load(filename)

Loads an object from filename. For objects containing symbolic expressions such as HarmonicEquation, the symbolic variables are reinstated in the HarmonicBalance namespace.

source

HarmonicBalance.export_csv Function
julia
export_csv(filename, res, branch)

Saves into filename a specified solution branch of the Result res.

source

- +
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Saving and loading ​

All of the types native to HarmonicBalance.jl can be saved into a .jld2 file using save and loaded using load. Most of the saving/loading is performed using the package JLD2.jl, with the addition of reinstating the symbolic variables in the HarmonicBalance namespace (needed to parse expressions used in the plotting functions) and recompiling stored functions (needed to evaluate Jacobians). As a consequence, composite objects such as Result can be saved and loaded with no loss of information.

The function export_csv saves a .csv file which can be plot elsewhere.

HarmonicBalance.save Function
julia
save(filename, object)

Saves object into .jld2 file filename (the suffix is added automatically if not entered). The resulting file contains a dictionary with a single entry.

source

HarmonicBalance.load Function
julia
load(filename)

Loads an object from filename. For objects containing symbolic expressions such as HarmonicEquation, the symbolic variables are reinstated in the HarmonicBalance namespace.

source

HarmonicBalance.export_csv Function
julia
export_csv(filename, res, branch)

Saves into filename a specified solution branch of the Result res.

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/solving_harmonics.html b/previews/PR298/manual/solving_harmonics.html index b496fbce..6de6b3d5 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/solving_harmonics.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/solving_harmonics.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
HarmonicBalance.jl

Appearance

Solving harmonic equations ​

Once a differential equation of motion has been defined in DifferentialEquation and converted to a HarmonicEquation, we may use the homotopy continuation method (as implemented in HomotopyContinuation.jl) to find steady states. This means that, having called get_harmonic_equations, we need to set all time-derivatives to zero and parse the resulting algebraic equations into a Problem.

Problem holds the steady-state equations, and (optionally) the symbolic Jacobian which is needed for stability / linear response calculations.

Once defined, a Problem can be solved for a set of input parameters using get_steady_states to obtain Result.

HarmonicBalance.Problem Type
julia
mutable struct Problem

Holds a set of algebraic equations describing the steady state of a system.

Fields

  • variables::Vector{Num}: The harmonic variables to be solved for.

  • parameters::Vector{Num}: All symbols which are not the harmonic variables.

  • system::HomotopyContinuation.ModelKit.System: The input object for HomotopyContinuation.jl solver methods.

  • jacobian::Any: The Jacobian matrix (possibly symbolic). If false, the Jacobian is ignored (may be calculated implicitly after solving).

  • eom::HarmonicEquation: The HarmonicEquation object used to generate this Problem.

Constructors

julia
Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=true) # find and store the symbolic Jacobian
 Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian="implicit") # ignore the Jacobian for now, compute implicitly later
 Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=J) # use J as the Jacobian (a function that takes a Dict)
-Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=false) # ignore the Jacobian

source

HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states Function
julia
get_steady_states(problem::HarmonicEquation,
+Problem(eom::HarmonicEquation; Jacobian=false) # ignore the Jacobian

source

HarmonicBalance.get_steady_states Function
julia
get_steady_states(problem::HarmonicEquation,
                     method::HarmonicBalanceMethod,
                     swept_parameters::ParameterRange,
                     fixed_parameters::ParameterList;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
        of which real:    1
        of which stable:  1
 
-    Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

source

HarmonicBalance.Result Type
julia
mutable struct Result

Stores the steady states of a HarmonicEquation.

Fields

  • solutions::Array{Vector{Vector{ComplexF64}}}: The variable values of steady-state solutions.

  • swept_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Vector{Union{Float64, ComplexF64}}}: Values of all parameters for all solutions.

  • fixed_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Float64}: The parameters fixed throughout the solutions.

  • problem::HarmonicBalance.Problem: The Problem used to generate this.

  • classes::Dict{String, Array}: Maps strings such as "stable", "physical" etc to arrays of values, classifying the solutions (see method classify_solutions!).

  • jacobian::Function: The Jacobian with fixed_parameters already substituted. Accepts a dictionary specifying the solution. If problem.jacobian is a symbolic matrix, this holds a compiled function. If problem.jacobian was false, this holds a function that rearranges the equations to find J only after numerical values are inserted (preferable in cases where the symbolic J would be very large).

  • seed::UInt32: Seed used for the solver

source

Classifying solutions ​

The solutions in Result are accompanied by similarly-sized boolean arrays stored in the dictionary Result.classes. The classes can be used by the plotting functions to show/hide/label certain solutions.

By default, classes "physical", "stable" and "binary_labels" are created. User-defined classification is possible with classify_solutions!.

HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions! Function
julia
classify_solutions!(
+    Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

source

HarmonicBalance.Result Type
julia
mutable struct Result

Stores the steady states of a HarmonicEquation.

Fields

  • solutions::Array{Vector{Vector{ComplexF64}}}: The variable values of steady-state solutions.

  • swept_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Vector{Union{Float64, ComplexF64}}}: Values of all parameters for all solutions.

  • fixed_parameters::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, Float64}: The parameters fixed throughout the solutions.

  • problem::HarmonicBalance.Problem: The Problem used to generate this.

  • classes::Dict{String, Array}: Maps strings such as "stable", "physical" etc to arrays of values, classifying the solutions (see method classify_solutions!).

  • jacobian::Function: The Jacobian with fixed_parameters already substituted. Accepts a dictionary specifying the solution. If problem.jacobian is a symbolic matrix, this holds a compiled function. If problem.jacobian was false, this holds a function that rearranges the equations to find J only after numerical values are inserted (preferable in cases where the symbolic J would be very large).

  • seed::UInt32: Seed used for the solver

source

Classifying solutions ​

The solutions in Result are accompanied by similarly-sized boolean arrays stored in the dictionary Result.classes. The classes can be used by the plotting functions to show/hide/label certain solutions.

By default, classes "physical", "stable" and "binary_labels" are created. User-defined classification is possible with classify_solutions!.

HarmonicBalance.classify_solutions! Function
julia
classify_solutions!(
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result,
     func::Union{Function, String},
     name::String;
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@
 res = get_steady_states(problem, swept_parameters, fixed_parameters)
 
 # classify, store in result.classes["large_amplitude"]
-classify_solutions!(res, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 1.0" , "large_amplitude")

source

Sorting solutions ​

Solving a steady-state problem over a range of parameters returns a solution set for each parameter. For a continuous change of parameters, each solution in a set usually also changes continuously; it is said to form a ''solution branch''. For an example, see the three colour-coded branches for the Duffing oscillator in Example 1.

For stable states, the branches describe a system's behaviour under adiabatic parameter changes.

Therefore, after solving for a parameter range, we want to order each solution set such that the solutions' order reflects the branches.

The function sort_solutions goes over the the raw output of get_steady_states and sorts each entry such that neighboring solution sets minimize Euclidean distance.

Currently, sort_solutions is compatible with 1D and 2D arrays of solution sets.

HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions Function
julia
sort_solutions(
+classify_solutions!(res, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 1.0" , "large_amplitude")

source

Sorting solutions ​

Solving a steady-state problem over a range of parameters returns a solution set for each parameter. For a continuous change of parameters, each solution in a set usually also changes continuously; it is said to form a ''solution branch''. For an example, see the three colour-coded branches for the Duffing oscillator in Example 1.

For stable states, the branches describe a system's behaviour under adiabatic parameter changes.

Therefore, after solving for a parameter range, we want to order each solution set such that the solutions' order reflects the branches.

The function sort_solutions goes over the the raw output of get_steady_states and sorts each entry such that neighboring solution sets minimize Euclidean distance.

Currently, sort_solutions is compatible with 1D and 2D arrays of solution sets.

HarmonicBalance.sort_solutions Function
julia
sort_solutions(
     solutions::Array;
     sorting,
     show_progress
-) -> Array

Sorts solutions into branches according to the method sorting.

solutions is an n-dimensional array of Vector{Vector}. Each element describes a set of solutions for a given parameter set. The output is a similar array, with each solution set rearranged such that neighboring solution sets have the smallest Euclidean distance.

Keyword arguments

  • sorting: the method used by sort_solutions to get continuous solutions branches. The current options are "hilbert" (1D sorting along a Hilbert curve), "nearest" (nearest-neighbor sorting) and "none".

  • show_progress: Indicate whether a progress bar should be displayed.

source

- +) -> Array

Sorts solutions into branches according to the method sorting.

solutions is an n-dimensional array of Vector{Vector}. Each element describes a set of solutions for a given parameter set. The output is a similar array, with each solution set rearranged such that neighboring solution sets have the smallest Euclidean distance.

Keyword arguments

  • sorting: the method used by sort_solutions to get continuous solutions branches. The current options are "hilbert" (1D sorting along a Hilbert curve), "nearest" (nearest-neighbor sorting) and "none".

  • show_progress: Indicate whether a progress bar should be displayed.

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/manual/time_dependent.html b/previews/PR298/manual/time_dependent.html index c9d2e2b6..da9e5eef 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/manual/time_dependent.html +++ b/previews/PR298/manual/time_dependent.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ u0::Vector, sweep::AdiabaticSweep, timespan::Tuple - )

Creates an ODEProblem object used by OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5.jl from the equations in eom to simulate time-evolution within timespan. fixed_parameters must be a dictionary mapping parameters+variables to numbers (possible to use a solution index, e.g. solutions[x][y] for branch y of solution x). If u0 is specified, it is used as an initial condition; otherwise the values from fixed_parameters are used.

source

HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep Type

Represents a sweep of one or more parameters of a HarmonicEquation. During a sweep, the selected parameters vary linearly over some timespan and are constant elsewhere.

Sweeps of different variables can be combined using +.

Fields

  • functions::Dict{Num, Function}: Maps each swept parameter to a function.

Examples

julia
# create a sweep of parameter a from 0 to 1 over time 0 -> 100
+        )

Creates an ODEProblem object used by OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5.jl from the equations in eom to simulate time-evolution within timespan. fixed_parameters must be a dictionary mapping parameters+variables to numbers (possible to use a solution index, e.g. solutions[x][y] for branch y of solution x). If u0 is specified, it is used as an initial condition; otherwise the values from fixed_parameters are used.

source

HarmonicBalance.AdiabaticSweep Type

Represents a sweep of one or more parameters of a HarmonicEquation. During a sweep, the selected parameters vary linearly over some timespan and are constant elsewhere.

Sweeps of different variables can be combined using +.

Fields

  • functions::Dict{Num, Function}: Maps each swept parameter to a function.

Examples

julia
# create a sweep of parameter a from 0 to 1 over time 0 -> 100
 julia> @variables a,b;
 julia> sweep = AdiabaticSweep(a => [0., 1.], (0, 100));
 julia> sweep[a](50)
@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@
 julia> sweep = AdiabaticSweep([a => [0.,1.], b => [0., 1.]], (0,100))

Successive sweeps can be combined,

julia
sweep1 = AdiabaticSweep(ω => [0.95, 1.0], (0, 2e4))
 sweep2 = AdiabaticSweep(λ => [0.05, 0.01], (2e4, 4e4))
 sweep = sweep1 + sweep2

multiple parameters can be swept simultaneously,

julia
sweep = AdiabaticSweep([ω => [0.95;1.0], λ => [5e-2;1e-2]], (0, 2e4))

and custom sweep functions may be used.

julia
ωfunc(t) = cos(t)
-sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => ωfunc)

source

Plotting ​

RecipesBase.plot Method
julia
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)

Plot a function f of a time-dependent solution soln of harm_eq.

As a function of time

plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)

f is parsed by Symbolics.jl

parametric plots

plot(soln::ODESolution, f::Vector{String}, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)

Parametric plot of f[1] against f[2]

Also callable as plot!

source

Miscellaneous ​

Using a time-dependent simulation can verify solution stability in cases where the Jacobian is too expensive to compute.

HarmonicBalance.is_stable Function
julia
is_stable(
+sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => ωfunc)

source

Plotting ​

RecipesBase.plot Method
julia
plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)

Plot a function f of a time-dependent solution soln of harm_eq.

As a function of time

plot(soln::ODESolution, f::String, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)

f is parsed by Symbolics.jl

parametric plots

plot(soln::ODESolution, f::Vector{String}, harm_eq::HarmonicEquation; kwargs...)

Parametric plot of f[1] against f[2]

Also callable as plot!

source

Miscellaneous ​

Using a time-dependent simulation can verify solution stability in cases where the Jacobian is too expensive to compute.

HarmonicBalance.is_stable Function
julia
is_stable(
     soln::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     eom::HarmonicEquation;
     timespan,
     tol,
     perturb_initial
-)

Numerically investigate the stability of a solution soln of eom within timespan. The initial condition is displaced by perturb_initial.

Return true the solution evolves within tol of the initial value (interpreted as stable).

source

julia
is_stable(
+)

Numerically investigate the stability of a solution soln of eom within timespan. The initial condition is displaced by perturb_initial.

Return true the solution evolves within tol of the initial value (interpreted as stable).

source

julia
is_stable(
     soln::OrderedCollections.OrderedDict{Num, ComplexF64},
     res::HarmonicBalance.Result;
     kwargs...
-) -> Any

Returns true if the solution soln of the Result res is stable. Stable solutions are real and have all Jacobian eigenvalues Re[λ] <= 0. im_tol : an absolute threshold to distinguish real/complex numbers. rel_tol: Re(λ) considered <=0 if real.(λ) < rel_tol*abs(λmax)

source

- +) -> Any

Returns true if the solution soln of the Result res is stable. Stable solutions are real and have all Jacobian eigenvalues Re[λ] <= 0. im_tol : an absolute threshold to distinguish real/complex numbers. rel_tol: Re(λ) considered <=0 if real.(λ) < rel_tol*abs(λmax)

source

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/tutorials/classification.html b/previews/PR298/tutorials/classification.html index 37640cdb..cf08a4d8 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/tutorials/classification.html +++ b/previews/PR298/tutorials/classification.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Classes: zero, stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

We can visualize the zero amplitude solution:

julia
plot_phase_diagram(result_2D, class=["zero", "stable"])

This shows that inside the Mathieu lobe the zero amplitude solution becomes unstable due to the parametric drive being resonant with the oscillator.

We can also visualize the equi-amplitude curves of the solutions:

julia
classify_solutions!(result_2D, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2) > 0.12", "large amplitude")
 plot_phase_diagram(result_2D, class=["large amplitude", "stable"])

 - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/tutorials/index.html b/previews/PR298/tutorials/index.html index f0152b36..3cf7f5b5 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/tutorials/index.html +++ b/previews/PR298/tutorials/index.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/tutorials/limit_cycles.html b/previews/PR298/tutorials/limit_cycles.html index 74d89782..f7237bf4 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/tutorials/limit_cycles.html +++ b/previews/PR298/tutorials/limit_cycles.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ Classes: unique_cycle, stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

The results show a fourfold degeneracy of solutions:

julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc")

The automatically created solution class unique_cycle filters the degeneracy out:

julia
plot(result, y="ω_lc", class="unique_cycle")

Driven system - coupled Duffings ​

So far, we have largely focused on finding and analysing steady states, i.e., fixed points of the harmonic equations, which satisfy

du(T)dT=F¯(u)=0.

Fixed points are however merely a subset of possible solutions of Eq. \eqref{eq:harmeqfull} – strictly speaking, solutions where u(T) remains time-dependent are allowed. These are quite unusual, since F¯(u) is by construction time-independent and Eq. \eqref{eq:harmeqfull} thus possesses continuous time-translation symmetry. The appearance of explicitly time-dependent solutions then consitutes spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking.

Such solutions, known as limit cycles, typically appear as closed periodic trajectories of the harmonic variables u(T). The simplest way to numerically characterise them is a time-dependent simulation, using a steady-state diagram as a guide.

Here we reconstruct the results of Zambon et al., Phys Rev. A 102, 023526 (2020), where limit cycles are shown to appear in a system of two coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this problem, two oscillators x1 and x2, have (the same) damping and Kerr nonlinearity and are linearly coupled,

x¨1+γx˙1+ω02x1+αx13+2J(x1−x2)=F0cos⁡(ωt)x¨2+γx˙2+ω02x2+αx23+2J(x2−x1)=ηF0cos⁡(ωt)
julia
using HarmonicBalance
 @variables γ F α ω0 F0 η ω J t x(t) y(t);
-eqs = [d(x,t,2) + γ*d(x,t) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3+ 2*J*ω0*(x-y) - F0*cos(ω*t),
-       d(y,t,2) + γ * d(y,t) + ω0^2 * y + α*y^3 + 2*J*ω0*(y-x) - η*F0*cos(ω*t)]
+eqs = [d(x,t,2) + γ*d(x,t) + ω0^2*x + α*x^3 + 2*J*ω0*(x-y) - F0*cos(ω*t),
+       d(y,t,2) + γ*d(y,t) + ω0^2*y + α*y^3 + 2*J*ω0*(y-x) - η*F0*cos(ω*t)]
 diff_eq = DifferentialEquation(eqs, [x,y])
System of 2 differential equations
 Variables:       x(t), y(t)
 Harmonic ansatz: x(t) => ;   y(t) => ;   
@@ -82,32 +82,36 @@
 
 -F0*η + Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (2//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω - (2//1)*J*u1(T)*ω0 + (2//1)*J*u2(T)*ω0 + v2(T)*γ*ω - u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0
 
--(2//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ + (2//1)*J*v2(T)*ω0 - (2//1)*J*v1(T)*ω0 - v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0

Solving for a range of drive amplitudes F0,

@example
fixed = (
-    ω0 => 1.4504859, # natural frequency of separate modes (in paper's notation, ħω0 - J)
-    γ => 27.4e-6,    # damping
-    J => 154.1e-6,   # coupling term
-    α => 3.867e-7,   # Kerr nonlinearity
-    ω => 1.4507941,  # pump frequency, resonant with antisymmetric mode (in paper, ħω0 + J)
-    η => -0.08,      # pumping leaking to site 2  (F2 = ηF1)
-    F0 => 0.002       # pump amplitude (overriden in sweeps)
-)
-varied = F0 => range(0.002, 0.03, 50)
-
-result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)

Let us first see the steady states.

@example
p1 = plot(result, "u1^2 + v1^2", legend=false)
-p2 = plot(result, "u2^2 + v2^2")
-plot(p1, p2)

According to Zambon et al., a limit cycle solution exists around F0≅0.011, which can be accessed by a jump from branch 1 in an upwards sweep of F0. Since a limit cycle is not a steady state of our harmonic equations, it does not appear in the diagram. We do however see that branch 1 ceases to be stable around F0≅0.010, meaning a jump should occur.

Let us try and simulate the limit cycle. We could in principle run a time-dependent simulation with a fixed value of F0, but this would require a suitable initial condition. Instead, we will sweep F0 upwards from a low starting value. To observe the dynamics just after the jump has occurred, we follow the sweep by a time interval where the system evolves under fixed parameters.

@example
using OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5
-initial_state = result[1][1]
-
-T = 2e6
-sweep = AdiabaticSweep(F0 => (0.002, 0.011), (0,T))
-
-# start from initial_state, use sweep, total time is 2*T
-time_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, initial_state, sweep=sweep, timespan=(0,2*T))
-time_evo = solve(time_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100);
-nothing # hide

Inspecting the amplitude as a function of time,

@example
plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)

we see that initially the sweep is adiabatic as it proceeds along the steady-state branch 1. At around T=2e6, an instability occurs and u1(T) starts to rapidly oscillate. At that point, the sweep is stopped. Under free time evolution, the system then settles into a limit-cycle solution where the coordinates move along closed trajectories.

By plotting the u and v variables against each other, we observe the limit cycle shapes in phase space,

@example
p1 = plot(time_evo, ["u1", "v1"], harmonic_eq)
-p2 = plot(time_evo, ["u2", "v2"], harmonic_eq)
-plot(p1, p2)
- +-(2//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ + (2//1)*J*v2(T)*ω0 - (2//1)*J*v1(T)*ω0 - v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α ~ 0

Solving for a range of drive amplitudes F0,

julia
fixed = (
+    ω0 => 1.4504859, # natural frequency of separate modes (in paper's notation, ħω0 - J)
+    γ => 27.4e-6,    # damping
+    J => 154.1e-6,   # coupling term
+    α => 3.867e-7,   # Kerr nonlinearity
+    ω => 1.4507941,  # pump frequency, resonant with antisymmetric mode (in paper, ħω0 + J)
+    η => -0.08     # pumping leaking to site 2  (F2 = ηF1)
+)
+varied = F0 => range(0.002, 0.03, 50)
+
+result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
A steady state result for 50 parameter points
+
+Solution branches:   9
+   of which real:    3
+   of which stable:  2
+
+Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

Let us first see the steady states.

julia
p1 = plot(result, "u1^2 + v1^2", legend=false)
+p2 = plot(result, "u2^2 + v2^2")
+plot(p1, p2)

According to Zambon et al., a limit cycle solution exists around F0≅0.011, which can be accessed by a jump from branch 1 in an upwards sweep of F0. Since a limit cycle is not a steady state of our harmonic equations, it does not appear in the diagram. We do however see that branch 1 ceases to be stable around F0≅0.010, meaning a jump should occur.

Let us try and simulate the limit cycle. We could in principle run a time-dependent simulation with a fixed value of F0, but this would require a suitable initial condition. Instead, we will sweep F0 upwards from a low starting value. To observe the dynamics just after the jump has occurred, we follow the sweep by a time interval where the system evolves under fixed parameters.

julia
using OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5
+initial_state = result[1][1]
+
+T = 2e6
+sweep = AdiabaticSweep(F0 => (0.002, 0.011), (0,T))
+
+# start from initial_state, use sweep, total time is 2*T
+time_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, initial_state, sweep=sweep, timespan=(0,2*T))
+time_evo = solve(time_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100);

Inspecting the amplitude as a function of time,

julia
plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)

we see that initially the sweep is adiabatic as it proceeds along the steady-state branch 1. At around T=2e6, an instability occurs and u1(T) starts to rapidly oscillate. At that point, the sweep is stopped. Under free time evolution, the system then settles into a limit-cycle solution where the coordinates move along closed trajectories.

By plotting the u and v variables against each other, we observe the limit cycle shapes in phase space,

julia
p1 = plot(time_evo, ["u1", "v1"], harmonic_eq)
+p2 = plot(time_evo, ["u2", "v2"], harmonic_eq)
+plot(p1, p2)

 + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/tutorials/linear_response.html b/previews/PR298/tutorials/linear_response.html index 9a998ad2..e8b0bb7a 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/tutorials/linear_response.html +++ b/previews/PR298/tutorials/linear_response.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -47,23 +47,23 @@ varied = ω => range(0.95, 1.05, 100) # range of parameter values result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed) -plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

To find the fluctuation on the top of the steady state one often employs a Bogoliubov-de Gennes analyses. Here, we compute the eigenvalues λk of the Jacobian matrix at the steady state. The imaginary part of the eigenvalues gives characteristic frequencies of the "quasi-particle excitations". The real part gives the lifetime of these excitations.

One can plot the eigenvalues as follows

julia
plot(
+plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

To find the fluctuation on the top of the steady state one often employs a Bogoliubov-de Gennes analyses. Here, we compute the eigenvalues λk of the Jacobian matrix at the steady state. The imaginary part of the eigenvalues gives characteristic frequencies of the "quasi-particle excitations". The real part gives the lifetime of these excitations.

One can plot the eigenvalues as follows

julia
plot(
     plot_eigenvalues(result, branch=1),
     plot_eigenvalues(result, branch=1, type=:real, ylims=(-0.003, 0)),
-)

We find a single pair of complex conjugate eigenvalues linearly changing with the driving frequency. Both real parts are negative, indicating stability.

As discussed in background section on linear response, the excitation manifest itself as a lorentenzian peak in a power spectral density (PSD) measurement. The PSD can be plotted using plot_linear_response:

julia
plot_linear_response(result, x, Ω_range=range(0.95, 1.05, 300), branch=1, logscale=true)

The response has a peak at ω0, irrespective of the driving frequency ω. Indeed, the eigenvalues shown before where plotted in the rotating frame at the frequency of the drive ω. Hence, the imaginary part of eigenvalues shows the frequency (energy) needed to excite the system at it natural frequency (The frequency its want to be excited at.)

Note the slight "bending" of the noise peak with ω - this is given by the failure of the first-order calculation to capture response far-detuned from the drive frequency.

Nonlinear regime ​

For strong driving, matters get more complicated. Let us now use a drive F=2∗10−3 :

julia
fixed = (α => 1, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.005, F => 0.002)   # fixed parameters
+)

We find a single pair of complex conjugate eigenvalues linearly changing with the driving frequency. Both real parts are negative, indicating stability.

As discussed in background section on linear response, the excitation manifest itself as a lorentenzian peak in a power spectral density (PSD) measurement. The PSD can be plotted using plot_linear_response:

julia
plot_linear_response(result, x, Ω_range=range(0.95, 1.05, 300), branch=1, logscale=true)

The response has a peak at ω0, irrespective of the driving frequency ω. Indeed, the eigenvalues shown before where plotted in the rotating frame at the frequency of the drive ω. Hence, the imaginary part of eigenvalues shows the frequency (energy) needed to excite the system at it natural frequency (The frequency its want to be excited at.)

Note the slight "bending" of the noise peak with ω - this is given by the failure of the first-order calculation to capture response far-detuned from the drive frequency.

Nonlinear regime ​

For strong driving, matters get more complicated. Let us now use a drive F=2∗10−3 :

julia
fixed = (α => 1, ω0 => 1.0, γ => 0.005, F => 0.002)   # fixed parameters
 varied = ω => range(0.95, 1.05, 100)           # range of parameter values
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
 
-plot(result, x="ω", y="sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)");

The amplitude is the well-known Duffing curve. Let's look at the eigenvalues of the two stable branches, 1 and 2.

julia
plot(
+plot(result, x="ω", y="sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)");

The amplitude is the well-known Duffing curve. Let's look at the eigenvalues of the two stable branches, 1 and 2.

julia
plot(
     plot_eigenvalues(result, branch=1),
     plot_eigenvalues(result, branch=1, type=:real, ylims=(-0.003, 0)),
     plot_eigenvalues(result, branch=2),
     plot_eigenvalues(result, branch=2, type=:real, ylims=(-0.003, 0)),
-)

Again every branch gives a single pair of complex conjugate eigenvalues. However, for branch 1, the characteristic frequencies due not change linearly with the driving frequency around ω=ω0. This is a sign of steady state becoming nonlinear at large amplitudes.

The same can be seen in the PSD:

julia
plot(
+)

Again every branch gives a single pair of complex conjugate eigenvalues. However, for branch 1, the characteristic frequencies due not change linearly with the driving frequency around ω=ω0. This is a sign of steady state becoming nonlinear at large amplitudes.

The same can be seen in the PSD:

julia
plot(
   plot_linear_response(result, x, branch=1, Ω_range=range(0.95,1.1,300), logscale=true),
   plot_linear_response(result, x, branch=2, Ω_range=range(0.9,1.1,300), logscale=true),
     size=(600, 250), margin=3mm
-)

In branch 1 the linear response to white noise shows more than one peak. This is a distinctly nonlinear phenomenon, indicitive if the squeezing of the steady state. Branch 2 is again quasi-linear, which stems from its low amplitude.

Following Huber et al., we may also fix ω=ω0 and plot the linear response as a function of F. The response turns out to be single-valued over a large range of driving strengths. Using a log scale for the x-axis:

julia
fixed = (α => 1., ω0 => 1.0, γ => 1e-2, ω => 1)   # fixed parameters
+)

In branch 1 the linear response to white noise shows more than one peak. This is a distinctly nonlinear phenomenon, indicitive if the squeezing of the steady state. Branch 2 is again quasi-linear, which stems from its low amplitude.

Following Huber et al., we may also fix ω=ω0 and plot the linear response as a function of F. The response turns out to be single-valued over a large range of driving strengths. Using a log scale for the x-axis:

julia
fixed = (α => 1., ω0 => 1.0, γ => 1e-2, ω => 1)   # fixed parameters
 swept = F => 10 .^ range(-6, -1, 200)           # range of parameter values
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, swept, fixed)
 
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
   plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", xscale=:log),
   plot_linear_response(result, x, branch=1, Ω_range=range(0.9,1.1,300), logscale=true, xscale=:log),
   size=(600, 250), margin=3mm
-)

We see that for low F, quasi-linear behaviour with a single Lorentzian response occurs, while for larger F, two peaks form in the noise response. The two peaks are strongly unequal in magnitude, which is an example of internal squeezing (See supplemental material of Huber et al.).

- +)

We see that for low F, quasi-linear behaviour with a single Lorentzian response occurs, while for larger F, two peaks form in the noise response. The two peaks are strongly unequal in magnitude, which is an example of internal squeezing (See supplemental material of Huber et al.).

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/tutorials/steady_states.html b/previews/PR298/tutorials/steady_states.html index 7771ca9d..dc58390b 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/tutorials/steady_states.html +++ b/previews/PR298/tutorials/steady_states.html @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ - + - + - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ of which real: 3 of which stable: 2 -Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

The algorithm has found 3 solution branches in total (out of the hypothetically admissible 32=9). All of these are real – and thefore physically observable – for at least some values of ω. Only 2 branches are stable under infinitesimal perturbations. The "Classes" are boolean labels classifying each solution point, which may be used to select results for plotting.

We now want to visualize the results. Here we plot the solution amplitude, U2+V2 against the drive frequency ω:

julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

This is the expected response curve for the Duffing equation.

Using multiple harmonics ​

In the above section, we truncated the Fourier space to a single harmonic ω – the oscillator was assumed to only oscillate at the drive frequency. However, the Duffing oscillator can exhibit a rich spectrum of harmonics. We can obtain some intuition by treating α perturbatively in the equation of motion, i.e., by solving

x¨(t)+γx˙(t)+ω02x(t)+ϵαx(t)3=Fcos⁡(ωt)

for small ϵ. To zeroth order, the response of the system is x0(t)=X0cos⁡(ωt+ϕ0). Expanding x(t)=x0(t)+ϵx1(t), we find that the perturbation x1(t) satisfies to first order

x¨1(t)+γx˙1(t)[ω02+3αX024]x1(t)=−αX034cos⁡(3ωt+3ϕ0),

which gives a response of the form x1(t)=X1cos⁡(3ωt+ϕ1). Clearly, the oscillator now responds not only at frequency ω, but also at 3ω! This effect is known as high harmonic generation or more generally frequency conversion. By continuing the procedure to higher orders, we eventually obtain an infinity of harmonics present in the response. In general, there is no analytical solution to such problems.

We argued that frequency conversion takes place, to first order from ω to 3ω. We can reflect this process by using a extended harmonic ansatz:

x(t)=U1cos⁡(ωt)+V1sin⁡(ωt)+U2cos⁡(3ωt)+V2sin⁡(3ωt).

Note that this is not a perturbative treatment! The harmonics ω and 3ω are on the same footing here. This is implemented as

julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, [ω, 3ω]) # specify the two-harmonics ansatz
+Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

The algorithm has found 3 solution branches in total (out of the hypothetically admissible 32=9). All of these are real – and thefore physically observable – for at least some values of ω. Only 2 branches are stable under infinitesimal perturbations. The "Classes" are boolean labels classifying each solution point, which may be used to select results for plotting.

We now want to visualize the results. Here we plot the solution amplitude, U2+V2 against the drive frequency ω:

julia
plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

This is the expected response curve for the Duffing equation.

Using multiple harmonics ​

In the above section, we truncated the Fourier space to a single harmonic ω – the oscillator was assumed to only oscillate at the drive frequency. However, the Duffing oscillator can exhibit a rich spectrum of harmonics. We can obtain some intuition by treating α perturbatively in the equation of motion, i.e., by solving

x¨(t)+γx˙(t)+ω02x(t)+ϵαx(t)3=Fcos⁡(ωt)

for small ϵ. To zeroth order, the response of the system is x0(t)=X0cos⁡(ωt+ϕ0). Expanding x(t)=x0(t)+ϵx1(t), we find that the perturbation x1(t) satisfies to first order

x¨1(t)+γx˙1(t)[ω02+3αX024]x1(t)=−αX034cos⁡(3ωt+3ϕ0),

which gives a response of the form x1(t)=X1cos⁡(3ωt+ϕ1). Clearly, the oscillator now responds not only at frequency ω, but also at 3ω! This effect is known as high harmonic generation or more generally frequency conversion. By continuing the procedure to higher orders, we eventually obtain an infinity of harmonics present in the response. In general, there is no analytical solution to such problems.

We argued that frequency conversion takes place, to first order from ω to 3ω. We can reflect this process by using a extended harmonic ansatz:

x(t)=U1cos⁡(ωt)+V1sin⁡(ωt)+U2cos⁡(3ωt)+V2sin⁡(3ωt).

Note that this is not a perturbative treatment! The harmonics ω and 3ω are on the same footing here. This is implemented as

julia
add_harmonic!(diff_eq, x, [ω, 3ω]) # specify the two-harmonics ansatz
 harmonic_eq = get_harmonic_equations(diff_eq)
A set of 4 harmonic equations
 Variables: u1(T), v1(T), u2(T), v2(T)
 Parameters: ω, ω0, γ, α, F
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@
 Differential(T)(u2(T))*γ + (6//1)*Differential(T)(v2(T))*ω + (3//1)*v2(T)*γ*ω - (9//1)*u2(T)*(ω^2) + u2(T)*(ω0^2) + (1//4)*(u1(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*(u1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α - (3//4)*u1(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α + (3//4)*(v2(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//2)*(v1(T)^2)*u2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u2(T)^3)*α ~ 0//1
 
 -(6//1)*Differential(T)(u2(T))*ω + Differential(T)(v2(T))*γ - (9//1)*v2(T)*(ω^2) + v2(T)*(ω0^2) - (3//1)*u2(T)*γ*ω + (3//2)*(u1(T)^2)*v2(T)*α + (3//4)*(u1(T)^2)*v1(T)*α + (3//4)*(v2(T)^3)*α + (3//2)*v2(T)*(v1(T)^2)*α + (3//4)*v2(T)*(u2(T)^2)*α - (1//4)*(v1(T)^3)*α ~ 0//1

The variables u1, v1 now encode ω and u2, v2 encode 3ω. We see this system is much harder to solve as we now have 4 harmonic variables, resulting in 4 coupled cubic equations. A maximum of 34=81 solutions may appear!

julia
result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
-plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

For the above parameters (where a perturbative treatment would have been reasonable), the principal response at ω looks rather similar, with a much smaller upconverted component appearing at 3ω:

julia
p1=plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", legend=false)
+plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

For the above parameters (where a perturbative treatment would have been reasonable), the principal response at ω looks rather similar, with a much smaller upconverted component appearing at 3ω:

julia
p1=plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", legend=false)
 p2=plot(result, "sqrt(u2^2 + v2^2)")
-plot(p1, p2)

The non-perturbative nature of the ansatz allows us to capture some behaviour which is not a mere extension of the usual single-harmonic Duffing response. Suppose we drive a strongly nonlinear resonator at frequency ω≅ω0/3. Such a drive is far out of resonance, however, the upconverted harmonic 3ω=ω0 is not and may play an important role! Let us try this out:

julia
fixed = (α => 10., ω0 => 3, F => 5, γ=>0.01)   # fixed parameters
+plot(p1, p2)

The non-perturbative nature of the ansatz allows us to capture some behaviour which is not a mere extension of the usual single-harmonic Duffing response. Suppose we drive a strongly nonlinear resonator at frequency ω≅ω0/3. Such a drive is far out of resonance, however, the upconverted harmonic 3ω=ω0 is not and may play an important role! Let us try this out:

julia
fixed = (α => 10., ω0 => 3, F => 5, γ=>0.01)   # fixed parameters
 varied = ω => range(0.9, 1.4, 100)           # range of parameter values
 result = get_steady_states(harmonic_eq, varied, fixed)
A steady state result for 100 parameter points
 
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
 
 Classes: stable, physical, Hopf, binary_labels

Although 9 branches were found in total, only 3 remain physical (real-valued). Let us visualise the amplitudes corresponding to the two harmonics, U12+V12 and U22+V22 :

julia
p1 = plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", legend=false)
 p2 = plot(result, "sqrt(u2^2 + v2^2)")
-plot(p1, p2)

The contributions of ω and 3ω are now comparable and the system shows some fairly complex behaviour! This demonstrates how an exact solution within an extended Fourier subspace goes beyond a perturbative treatment.

- +plot(p1, p2)

The contributions of ω and 3ω are now comparable and the system shows some fairly complex behaviour! This demonstrates how an exact solution within an extended Fourier subspace goes beyond a perturbative treatment.

 + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/previews/PR298/tutorials/time_dependent.html b/previews/PR298/tutorials/time_dependent.html index 3db5e706..6c3d0908 100644 --- a/previews/PR298/tutorials/time_dependent.html +++ b/previews/PR298/tutorials/time_dependent.html @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ - + - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ plot(result, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)")

Clearly when evolving from u0 = [0., 0.], the system ends up in the low-amplitude branch 2. With u0 = [0.2, 0.2], the system ends up in branch 3.

Adiabatic parameter sweeps ​

Experimentally, the primary means of exploring the steady state landscape is an adiabatic sweep one or more of the system parameters. This takes the system along a solution branch. If this branch disappears or becomes unstable, a jump occurs.

The object AdiabaticSweep specifies a sweep, which is then used as an optional sweep keyword in the ODEProblem constructor.

julia
sweep = AdiabaticSweep(ω => (0.9,1.1), (0, 2e4))
AdiabaticSweep(Dict{Num, Function}(ω => TimeEvolution.var"#f#1"{Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Float64, Int64}((0.9, 1.1), 20000.0, 0)))

The sweep linearly interpolates between ω=0.9 at time 0 and ω=1.1 at time 2e4. For earlier/later times, ω is constant.

Let us now define a new ODEProblem which incorporates sweep and again use solve:

julia
ode_problem = ODEProblem(harmonic_eq, fixed, sweep=sweep, u0=[0.1;0.0], timespan=(0, 2e4))
 time_evo = solve(ode_problem, Tsit5(), saveat=100)
 plot(time_evo, "sqrt(u1^2 + v1^2)", harmonic_eq)

We see the system first evolves from the initial condition towards the low-amplitude steady state. The amplitude increases as the sweep proceeds, with a jump occurring around ω=1.08 (i.e., time 18000).

- + \ No newline at end of file